Introduction: This article provides a comprehensive overview of tuberculosis (TB) drug clinical trials conducted in Brazil and globally. TB is highlighted as one of the leading lethal infectious diseases, facing the growing challenge of drug resistance. Objective: The study aims to map recent advances and identify gaps and challenges in the search for effective treatments for TB, emphasizing Brazil’s contribution, which is known for its research in tropical diseases. Method: An analysis of clinical trials related to TB was conducted, focusing on the geographical diversity of the studies and the intersectoral collaboration between governments, academic institutions, and non-governmental organizations. The survey covered research at both national and international levels. Results: The results indicate a significant increase in the number of clinical trials, reflecting a growing interest and investment in research and development (R&D) aimed at combating TB. Regions with high disease incidence have received special attention. Collaboration between different sectors has been crucial in promoting progress. Conclusions: Despite the advances, the study underscores important challenges, such as the need for more R&D investments and the urgency of public policies to facilitate access to new drugs. The article highlights the importance of continuous and collaborative efforts in developing safe and accessible treatments, as well as the effective integration of innovations into the healthcare system, with special attention to vulnerable populations.