High Cancer Incidence Research Articles

Analysis of human papillomavirus type 16 E4, E5 and L2 gene variations among women with cervical infection in Xinjiang, China

BackgroundThere is a high incidence of cervical cancer in Xinjiang. Genetic variation in human papillomavirus may increase its ability to invade, spread, and escape host immune response.MethodsHPV16 genome was sequenced for 90 positive samples of HPV16 infection. Sequences of the E4, E5 and L2 genes were analysed to reveal sequence variation of HPV16 in Xinjiang and the distribution of variation among the positive samples of HPV16 infection.ResultsEighty-one of the 90 samples of HPV16 infection showed variation in HPV16 E4 gene with 18 nucleotide variation sites, of which 8 sites were synonymous variations and 11 missense variations. 90 samples of HPV16 infection showed variation in HPV16 E5 and L2 genes with 16 nucleotide variation sites (6 synonymous, 11 missense variations) in the E5 gene and 100 nucleotide variation sites in L2 gene (37 synonymous, 67 missense variations). The frequency of HPV16 L2 gene missense variations G3377A, G3599A, G3703A, and G3757A was higher in the case groups than in the control groups.ConclusionsPhylogenetic tree analysis showed that 87 samples were European strains, 3 cases were Asian strains, there were no other variations, and G4181A was related to Asian strains. HPV16 L2 gene missense variations G3377A, G3599A, G3703A, and G3757A were significantly more frequent in the case groups than in the control groups.

P-317 Risk of endometrial polyps and hyperplasia after tamoxifen treatment in women with breast cancer: a population-based study in Taiwan

Abstract Study question This study aimed to examine the association between tamoxifen treatment and incident risks of uterine disease among breast cancer patients in Taiwan. Summary answer We found tamoxifen treatment group may have greater risk of endometrial polyps and hyperplasia than unexposured group after adjusting for age and body mass index. What is known already In the worldwide Adjuvant Tamoxifen: Longer Against Shorter (ATLAS) breast cancer treatment trail reported that the women continue tamoxifen up to 10 years, compared with 5 years may reduce breast cancer recurrence and mortality rate. However, tamoxifen use has been reported to be associated with the cumulative risk of subsequently endometrial cancer during 5–14 years was 3.1%. Specifically, several Western studies have showed that the high incidence of endometrial cancer in breast cancer survivors with tamoxifen treatment. Study design, size, duration We conducted a retrospective cohort study using population-based data from Taiwan Cancer Registry and the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), and the National Population Registry Data set from 2011 to 2020. Participants/materials, setting, methods A total 138,934 newly diagnosed breast cancer female patients with age greater than 18 years old were included. We further used a 1-to-1 propensity score matching to generate comparable exposure and un-exposure groups. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the research question. All statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.4, and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant Main results and the role of chance Incidence rate ratio (IRR) to compare incidence rate of uterine disease between tamoxifen treatment groups and unexposed group, adjusting for age and BMI. Our results showed that IRR were 1.36, 0.33, 3.73, 0.63, endometrial polyps, endometrial carcinoma, endometrial hyperplasia and uterine carcinosarcoma, respectively. This study found possible correlations between tamoxifen exposure with endometrial polyps and hyperplasia among breast cancer. During the 10-year study period, tamoxifen group did not significantly increase the risk of endometrial cancer in breast cancer survivors at aged 40 and over. Limitations, reasons for caution Our cohort study with 10-year period is its short study period, Tamoxifen group did not significantly increase the risk of endometrial cancer. Wider implications of the findings This cohort study found higher endometrial polyps and hyperplasia incidence rates among women with breast cancer who received tamoxifen women than those not treated with tamoxifen. Results of this study suggest that clinicians should consider the risk of uterine disease among tamoxifen use and counsel patients accordingly. Trial registration number KMUHIRB-G(II)20200217

Reproductive system cancer in females of the Tyva Republic. Epidemiological characteristics

Background. The incidence of female reproductive system cancer, including breast, cervical, ovarian and uterine cancers, is steadily increasing, and therefore it is advisable to conduct an epidemiological analysis and assess the quality of medical care. The purpose of the study was to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of reproductive system cancer in females of the Tyva Republic. Material and Methods. The reporting forms № 7 “Cancer incidence in the Tyva Republic” for 2013–2022 were used. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated using the “Oncostat” program, and cancer care quality was assessed using “Cancer Care Indicators” program. Results. Reproductive system cancer in the Tyva Republic accounted for 46.3 % of all malignant neoplasms in females during 2013–2022. In 2022, breast cancer was the most common cancer (16.2 %) followed by cervical cancer (13.7 %), ovarian cancer (6.7 %), and uterine cancer (4.0 %). During the study period, none of these cancers showed a statistically significant increase in agestandardized incidence rates (AS R). In 2022, age-standardized incidence rates in the Tyva Republic were higher than those in the Siberian Federal District for cervical cancer (27.5 ± 3.7 vs 16.3 ± 0.4 0/0000) and for ovarian cancer (14.1 ± 2.8 vs 12.7 ± 0.3 0/0000), but lower for breast cancer (32.4 ± 4.1 vs 58.7 ± 0.6 0/0000) and uterine cancer (8.6 ± 2.2 vs 19.7 ± 0.4 0/0000). Overall, cancer care quality indicators for reproductive system cancers had improved. Active detection increased from 22.0 to 29.8 %, p=0.039 (in the Siberian Federal District: from 27.6 to 37.2 %, p=0.001). The detection rate at I–II stages increased from 53.7 to 75.2 %, p=0.004 (in the Siberian Federal District: from 63.0 to 71.3 %, p=0.001). The percentage of advanced stages decreased from 37.4 % to 15.5 %, p=0.001 (from 27.4 % to 23.1 % in the Siberian Federal District, p=0.013). The oneyear mortality rates also decreased from 19.0 to 5.4 %, p=0.013 (in the Siberian Federal District: from 11.8 to 8.5 %, р<0.001). The high incidence of cervical cancer, the absence of noticeable optimal changes in the early detection and the high prevalence of HPV infection among the female population of the Tyva Republic indicate the relevance of mass HPV testing as a part of secondary cancer prevention. Conclusion. The high incidence of female reproductive system cancer and the current status of reproductive cancer care in the Republic of Tyva dictate the need to strengthen primary, secondary and tertiary cancer prevention.

Chemotherapy drug combinations induced maternal ovarian damage and long-term effect on fetal reproductive system in mice

With the postponement of female reproductive age and the higher incidence of cancer in young people, fertility preservation has become increasingly important in childbearing age. Chemotherapy during pregnancy is crucial for maternal cancer treatments and fetal outcomes. It is a need to further study ovarian damage caused by chemotherapy drug combinations and long-term effects on offspring development, and a detailed understanding of side effects of chemotherapy drugs.In this study, chemotherapy drug combinations significantly impacted on ovarian function, especially epirubicin/cyclophosphamide (EC) combination led to an unbalance in the development of the left and right ovary. Exposure to EC and cisplatin/paclitaxel (TP) increased the number of progenitor follicles while decreased the count of antral follicles and corpora luteum. As to the estrus cycle, EC exposure resulted in a longer estrus period and diestrus period, while TP exposure only extended the diestrus period. EC and TP affected steroid biosynthesis by reducing the expression of SF1 and P450arom.γ-H2AX was detected in both EC and TP exposure groups.As to the impact on the offspring from 4T1 tumor-bearing pregnant mice injected with EC, no significant difference was observed in the physical and neurological development compared to the control, but the ovarian weights, estrus cycles of the offspring were significantly different. Chemotherapy drug combinations exhibit ovarian toxicity, not only causing direct damage on the follicle cells but also disrupting steroid biosynthesis. The reproductive system of offspring from maternal tumor-bearing mice exposed to chemotherapy drugs was observed disorder, but the concrete mechanism still needs further exploration.

Breast cancer relapse disease prediction improvements with ensemble learning approaches

Diagnosis and prognosis are especially difficult areas of medical research related to cancer due to the high incidence of breast cancer, which has surpassed all other cancers in terms of female mortality. Another factor that has a substantial influence on the quality of life of cancer patients is the fear that they may experience a relapse of their disease. The objective of the study is to give medical practitioners a more effective strategy for using ensemble learning techniques to forecast when breast cancer may recur. This research aimed to investigate the usage of deep neural networks (DNNs) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) in addition to machine learning (ML) based approaches, including bagging, averaging, and voting, to enhance the efficacy of breast cancer relapse diagnosis on two breast cancer relapse datasets. Results from the empirical study demonstrate that the proposed ensemble learning-enabled approach improves accuracies by 96.31% and 95.81%, precisions by 96.70% and 96.15%, sensitivities by 98.88% and 98.68%, specificities by 84.62% in both, F1-scores by 97.78% and 97.40%, and area under the curve (AUCs) of 0.987 and 0.978, with University Medical Centre, Institute of Oncology (UMCIO) and Wisconsin prognostic breast cancer (WPBC) datasets respectively. Consequently, these improved disease outcomes may encourage physicians to use this model to make better treatment choices.

Incident Cancer Risk of Patients with Prevalent Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Hungary (Part 2).

(1) Background: Among the chronic complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer has become the leading cause of death in several countries. Our objective was to determine whether prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher incidence of cancer. (2) Methods: This study comprised a nationwide analysis conducted in Hungary. The study population was divided into two groups: a type 2 diabetes mellitus group vs. a non-diabetic group. The primary outcome was the risk related to overall cancer incidence; a key secondary outcome was the overall incidence of cancer in distinct study years; and a further outcome was the annual percent changes. (3) Results: The odds ratio related to the overall incidence of cancer was 2.50 (95% confidence interval: 2.46-2.55, p < 0.0001) in patients with diabetes as related to non-diabetic controls. The odds ratio was higher in males than in females [ORmales: 2.76 (2.70-2.82) vs. ORfemales: 2.27 (2.22-2.33), p < 0.05 for male-to-female comparison]. The annual cancer incidence rate declined in non-diabetic controls, but not in patients with diabetes [-1.79% (-2.07--1.52%), p < 0.0001] vs. -0.50% (-1.12-+0.10%), p = 0.0991]. Several types of cancer showed a decreasing tendency in non-diabetic controls, but not in patients with type 2 diabetes. (4) Conclusions: Type 2 diabetes is associated with a higher risk of cancer. While the cancer incidence decreased for non-diabetic individuals with time, it remained unchanged in patients with T2DM.

HPV Detection in Breast Tumors and Associated Risk Factors in Northeastern Brazil.

Breast cancer risk factors include lifestyle, genetic-hormonal influences, and viral infections. Human papillomavirus (HPV), known primarily as the etiological agent of cervical cancer, also appears active in breast carcinogenesis, as evidenced in our study of 56 patients from northeastern Brazil. We assessed the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, correlating them with various breast cancer tumor types. HPV detection involved amplifying the L1 region, with viral load measured using the E2/E6 ratio and viral activity indicated by E5 oncogene expression. Predominantly, patients over 56 years of age with healthy lifestyles showed a high incidence of invasive ductal carcinoma and triple-negative breast cancer. HPV was detected in 35.7% of cases, mostly HPV16, which is associated with high viral loads (80 copies per cell) and significant E5 expression. These results hint at a possible link between HPV and breast carcinogenesis, necessitating further studies to explore this association and the underlying viral mechanisms.

Effects of High-Mobility Group Box-1 on Mucosal Immunity and Epithelial Differentiation in Colitic Carcinoma.

Abnormalities in mucosal immunity are involved in the onset and progression of ulcerative colitis (UC), resulting in a high incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). While high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is overexpressed during colorectal carcinogenesis, its role in UC-related carcinogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of HMGB1 in UC-related carcinogenesis and sporadic CRC. Both the azoxymethane colon carcinogenesis and dextran sulfate sodium colitis carcinogenesis models demonstrated temporal increases in mucosal HMGB1 levels. Activated CD8+ cells initially increased and then decreased, whereas exhausted CD8+ cells increased. Additionally, we observed increased regulatory CD8+ cells, decreased naïve CD8+ cells, and decreased mucosal epithelial differentiation. In the in vitro study, HMGB1 induced energy reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in CD8+ cells and intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, in UC dysplasia, UC-related CRC, and hyperplastic mucosa surrounding human sporadic CRC, we found increased mucosal HMGB1, decreased activated CD8+ cells, and suppressed mucosal epithelial differentiation. However, we observed increased activated CD8+ cells in active UC mucosa. These findings indicate that HMGB1 plays an important role in modulating mucosal immunity and epithelial dedifferentiation in both UC-related carcinogenesis and sporadic CRC.

Influence of the atmospheric environment on spatial variation of lung cancer incidence in China.

Conducting this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the correlation between atmospheric environmental quality and lung cancer incidence, and provides the scientific basis for formulating effective environmental protection and lung cancer prevention and control strategies. Lung cancer incidence in China has strong spatial variation. However, few studies have systematically revealed the characteristics of the spatial variation in lung cancer incidence, and have explained the causes of this spatial variation in lung cancer incidence from the perspectives of multiple components of the atmospheric environment to explain this spatial variation in lung cancer incidence. To address research limitations, we first analyze the spatial variation and spatial correlation characteristics of lung cancer incidence in China. Then, we build a spatial regression model using GeoDa software with lung cancer incidence as the dependent variable, five atmospheric environment factors-particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentration, temperature, atmospheric pressure, and elevation as explanatory variables, and four socio-economic characteristics as control variables to systematically analyze the influence and intensity of these factors on lung cancer incidence. The results show that lung cancer incidence in China has apparent changes in geographical and spatial unevenness, and spatial autocorrelation characteristics. In China, the lung cancer incidence is relatively high in Northeast China, while some areas of high lung cancer incidence still exist in Central China, Southwest China and South China, although the overall lung cancer incidence is relatively low. The atmospheric environment significantly affects lung cancer incidence. Different elements of the atmospheric environment vary in the direction and extent of their influence on the development of lung cancer. A 1% increase in PM2.5 concentration is associated with a level of 0.002975 increase in lung cancer incidence. Atmospheric pressure positively affects lung cancer incidence, and an increase in atmospheric pressure by 1% increases lung cancer incidence by a level of 0.026061. Conversely, a 1% increase in temperature is linked to a level of 0.006443 decreases in lung cancer incidence, and a negative correlation exists between elevation and lung cancer incidence, where an increase in elevation by 1% correlates with a decrease in lung cancer incidence by a level of 0.000934. The core influencing factors of lung cancer incidence in the seven geographical divisions of China exhibit variations. This study facilitates our understanding of the spatial variation characteristics of lung cancer incidence in China on a finer scale, while also offering a more diverse perspective on the impact of the atmospheric environment on lung cancer incidence.

Kidney transplantation in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis is associated with a high incidence of post-transplant cancer

BackgroundAntineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a rare disease with limited data on outcomes after transplantation.MethodsIn this single-center retrospective cohort study, we describe the outcomes of kidney transplant patients with AAV transplanted at our institute from February 2006 to January 2022.ResultsWe identified 9 patients among 1026 with a pre-transplant diagnosis of AAV; all patients had received previous treatment with cyclophosphamide. Maintenance immunosuppression after transplantation was tacrolimus-based in 89% of the patients. At the end of a mean follow-up of 132 ± 61.1 months after transplantation, only one case of extrarenal vasculitis relapse was observed. The relapse rate was 0.01 per patient per year, which is comparable to that reported in the literature. However, seven patients were diagnosed with cancer after a mean follow-up of 81.4 months after transplantation; six had skin cancer and three had renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of the native kidneys (cumulative incidence of 78%). One patient died from metastatic squamous cell carcinoma.ConclusionIn this study, we found a noticeable decrease in disease relapse (1 relapse in the present cohort vs 7 relapses in 19 patients in the previous cohort) in kidney transplant patients with AAV compared with previous data from our group (December 1987–January 2006). Conversely, we found a high incidence of post-transplant cancer. This result could be attributed to reduced immunosurveillance due to immunosuppression therapy before and after transplantation. Therefore, constant cancer early diagnosis and prevention is mandatory during the post-transplant follow-up of AAV patients.Graphical abstract

A geospatial analysis of neighborhood hot spots and socioeconomic disparities associated with high lung cancer incidence for targeted intervention in south Florida.

e22525 Background: This study aims to identify the locations as well as specific socioeconomic disparities associated with high lung cancer incidences in South Florida (SF). The information is used to develop strategies for increasing smoking cessation and lung cancer screening rates in underserved communities via community outreach and engagement (COE). Methods: Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center’s catchment area in SF was studied and consists of three urbanized counties (Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach) as well as one rural county (Monroe), with a total population of 6 million. Age-adjusted incidence of lung cancer was calculated (2010-2019 Florida cancer registry data) for every census tract in the study area. Geospatial hot spot analysis was then applied to identify statistically significant clusters of census tracts with high age-adjusted lung cancer incidences. Socioeconomic data (American Community Survey) and smoking rates (CDC Places data) associated with the hot spot census tracts were then analyzed for risk factor identification and potential barriers to screening. Results: Hot spots census tracts for lung cancer in SF are generally associated with lower socioeconomic status, including lower income, higher percent of people living in poverty, more households with no vehicles, lower education levels, and higher percent of active smokers. Such socioeconomic disparities are most pronounced in the two highly populated counties of Miami-Dade and Broward. Palm Beach County’s hot spots include retirement communities, while those in the rural county of Monroe have the highest smoking rates. Conclusions: Using this analysis, our COE team began targeting hot spot communities for intervention with a specific focus on those where smoking rates are high, and no lung cancer screening facilities exist. The results demonstrate the utilities of geospatial data analysis for identifying locations and population segments for which increased cancer prevention efforts are needed. Targeting neighborhoods with the identified disparities for increased intervention in smoking cessation and lung cancer screening can help a COE team reach at-risk populations with limited resources more effectively. [Table: see text]

Cancer Incidence Relation to Heavy Metals in Soils of Kyzylorda Region of Kazakhstan.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of soil pollution factors such as heavy metal ions with the incidence of cancer in the Kyzylorda region of Kazakhstan. Concentrations of heavy metal ions in the soils of different sites of Kyzylorda region, Kazakhstan, were sampled and correlated with incidence of cancer in 2021. Chromium content in the soil exceeded maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in the samples for all sites except Kazaly and Shieli, and the highest excess of 2.8 MPC was found in Terenozek. Content of copper, lead, and cobalt ions was also increased and varied in the range 1.9-15.4, 1.2-4, and 1.2-2.44 MPC, respectively. In addition, lung cancer incidence was statistically significantly correlated with soil concentration to MPC ratio of copper, cobalt, and lead; colorectal cancer was correlated with soil concentration of chromium. Cases of invasive cancer and mutations were recorded Terenozek and Kyzylorda areas. The higher the soil concentration correlate with higher cancer incidence in Kyzylorda region, Kazakhstan.

Epidemiological profile of Ophir Loyola Cancer Hospital: A snapshot of the incidence of solid neoplasms in the eastern Amazon.

e22515 Background: The geographical distribution of cancer is a major concern in global public health, associated with this reality, the susceptibility of a population is closely linked to risk factors and carcinogenic profiles in different groups, which explain the heterogeneous prevalence and incidences among countries. In Brazil the region delimited by the Legal Amazon has a distinct epidemiological profile with a high prevalence of breast cancer and a low survival rate compared to countries with the highest human development index. Furthermore, the North and The Northeast has more than half of the country's penile cancer cases. In Pará, Ophir Loyola Cancer Hospital(OLCH) accounts for 71.11% of hospital visits in the state. The results of this study indicate the importance of OLCH as the reference center in Pará for the care and treatment of cancer patients. Methods: This was an ecological, exploratory, and mixed descriptive studythat investigated the epidemiological profile of patients with cancer treated at OLCH from January to December 2020. Sociodemographic data at admission were the primary variables, which were analyzed according to spatial distribution. Results: In this study, the data of 2952 patients were analyzed, with the majority being between the ages of 50 and 79 years (62.47%), and diagnosed but without previous treatment (87.30%). The most common cancers were breast (16.50%), cervical (13.40%), stomach (8.98%), and prostate (7.72%). The spatial distribution of the total number of cases, by the location of the primary solid tumor, was heterogeneous with regard to the number of cases per municipality. In Tucuruí Lake and Carajás, thyroid cancer was the second most frequent neoplasms, and in the Lower Amazon, it was the third most frequent . Previous studies have indicated the high mining activity in Carajás and the Lower Amazon with a strong relationship between methyl mercury and Mercury contamination in the Tapajós River and the adjacent gold extraction territory and and fish contamination. In some regions of Pará, cervical cancer is more prevalent than breast câncer in womans, which is different from the national data where it ranks second or third in the female population. Within the relationship between females and males, there was a higher proportion of cases of stomach cancer among men, representing the second more prevalent tumor in men, indicating a high incidence of gastric cancer in the region. Conclusions: The care profile at OLCH showed a high incidence of solid malignancies compared to other regions of Brazil, such as gastric cancer, cervical and thyroid cancer, indicating environmental and sociocultural influences on the carcinogenic profile present in the Eastern Amazon. Just as a heterogeneous incidence of tumors was seen in the regions of Pará.

The role of self-examination in the early diagnosis of breast cancer: routine or real opportunities?

Approximately 90% of breast tumors are detected by women themselves, but about 50% of them already have significant sizes and metastases in the lymph nodes at the time of detection. Breast self-examination is an effective means of detecting cancer in its early stages, especially among women who regularly perform it. The objective: to determine the level of awareness of Ukrainian women about the role of breast self-examination in the early diagnosis of breast cancer.Materials and methods. In order to realize the set goal, a voluntary internet survey of 508 women aged 18 to 65 was conducted in the period from December 20, 2022 to April 20, 2023, based on a previously prepared questionnaire. The previously compiled questionnaire contained 27 questions, which are divided into 6 sections.The surveyed women are divided into two groups by profession:I group – 206 women with medical education;II group – 302 women without medical education.During the survey female respondents independently made a decision to refuse to answer certain questions, which was later taken into account during the statistical processing of the obtained results.Results. During the survey, almost all the women of the studied groups stated that they were aware of the high incidence of breast cancer among Ukrainian women, the extreme difficulty of treatment and the fatal consequences of its late diagnosis. However, 132 (64.08%) female respondents of the 1st group and 243 (80.46%) female respondents of the 2nd group were confident in the impossibility of contracting breast cancer (p&lt;0.05). Thus, women who voluntarily participated in the survey are from the category of the most active and informed, but with unfounded confidence in their absolute safety regarding breast cancer.Conclusions. As the research shows, the vast majority of women consider themselves to be sufficiently informed about breast cancer, however, existing unfounded confidence in the impossibility of getting the disease reduces their cancer bias, which is significantly higher among women of non-medical professions. Social networks and the Internet remain the main source of information about breast cancer and methods of self-monitoring of the condition of the mammary glands. The majority of women are aware of the presence of risk factors for precancerous diseases and breast cancer, however, most of them have delayed the debut of self-examination of the mammary glands, perform it irregularly and do not follow the rules of its conduct, which significantly reduces its diagnostic and prognostic value. Trusted family doctors do not conduct an annual clinical examination of the mammary glands during scheduled visits of women, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of screening programs in women of all age groups. From our point of view, self-examination, as part of breast cancer screening, does not play a leading role in the diagnosis of this disease, but instills in women an urgent need to constantly worry about their health.

Oral and non-oral lichen planus show genetic heterogeneity and differential risk for autoimmune disease and oral cancer

Lichen planus (LP) is a T-cell-mediated inflammatory disease affecting squamous epithelia in many parts of the body, most often the skin and oral mucosa. Cutaneous LP is usually transient and oral LP (OLP) is most often chronic, so we performed a large-scale genetic and epidemiological study of LP to address whether the oral and non-oral subgroups have shared or distinct underlying pathologies and their overlap with autoimmune disease. Using lifelong records covering diagnoses, procedures, and clinic identity from 473,580 individuals in the FinnGen study, genome-wide association analyses were conducted on carefully constructed subcategories of OLP (n= 3,323) and non-oral LP (n= 4,356) and on the combined group. We identified 15 genome-wide significant associations in FinnGen and an additional 12 when meta-analyzed with UKBB (27 independent associations at 25 distinct genomic locations), most of which are shared between oral and non-oral LP. Many associations coincide with known autoimmune disease loci, consistent with the epidemiologic enrichment of LP with hypothyroidism and other autoimmune diseases. Notably, a third of the FinnGen associations demonstrate significant differences between OLP and non-OLP. We also observed a 13.6-fold risk for tongue cancer and an elevated risk for other oral cancers in OLP, in agreement with earlier reports that connect LP with higher cancer incidence. In addition to a large-scale dissection of LP genetics and comorbidities, our study demonstrates the use of comprehensive, multidimensional health registry data to address outstanding clinical questions and reveal underlying biological mechanisms in common but understudied diseases.

Management of the Devastated Bladder Outlet after Prostate CANCER Treatment.

Devastating complications of the bladder outlet resulting from prostate cancer treatments are relatively uncommon. However, the combination of the high incidence of prostate cancer and patient longevity after treatment have raised awareness of adverse outcomes deteriorating patients' quality of life. This narrative review discusses the diagnostic work-up and management options for bladder outlet obstruction resulting from prostate cancer treatments, including those that require urinary diversion. The devastated bladder outlet can be a consequence of the treatment of benign conditions, but more frequently from complications of pelvic cancer treatments. Regardless of etiology, the initial treatment ladder involves endoluminal options such as dilation and direct vision internal urethrotomy, with or without intralesional injection of anti-fibrotic agents. If these conservative strategies fail, surgical reconstruction should be considered. Although surgical reconstruction provides the best prospect of durable success, reconstructive procedures are also associated with serious complications. In the worst circumstances, such as prior radiotherapy, failed reconstruction, devastated bladder outlet with end-stage bladders, or patient's severe comorbidities, reconstruction may neither be realistic nor justified. Urinary diversion with or without cystectomy may be the best option for these patients. Thorough patient counseling before treatment selection is of utmost importance. Outcomes and repercussions on quality of life vary extensively with management options. Meticulous preoperative diagnostic evaluation is paramount in selecting the right treatment strategy for each individual patient. The risk of bladder outlet obstruction, and its severest form, devastated bladder outlet, after treatment of prostate cancer is not negligible, especially following radiation. Management includes endoluminal treatment, open or robot-assisted laparoscopic reconstruction, and urinary diversion in the worst circumstances, with varying success rates.

Environmental Levels of Volatile Organic Compounds, Race, and Socioeconomic Markers Correlate with Areas of High Colorectal Cancer Incidence.

Ambient levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from nearby industrial plants have shown positive associations with increased colorectal cancer (CRC) rates. The objective of this study is to analyze the distribution of CRC in the context of socioeconomic status and its correlation with community environmental data. A retrospective study analyzed CRC patients from 2021 to 2023. The census tracts of the patients' residential addresses were obtained, and CRC rates were calculated for each census tract. Socioeconomic data was gathered on these communities. Environmental VOC measurements were obtained from the National Scale Air Toxics Assessment. All datapoints were compared to statewide levels. Three census tracts in the county had higher CRC cases comparatively. These areas exhibited higher incidence rates and localized clusters of CRC cases, higher distribution of Black or African Americans, lower household incomes, lower home values, and lower educational attainment. VOC measurements in these census tracts had higher levels compared to county and state averages: specifically, 10.68% higher than county and 48.07% higher than state benzene levels (0.52 µg/m3 clusters vs 0.47µg/m3 county vs 0.35 µg/m3 state), 10.84% and 129.15% higher toluene (1.65 µg/m3 vs 1.49 vs 0.72 µg/m3), and 15.64% and 141.87% higher butadiene (0.048 µg/m3 vs 0.041 µg/m3 vs 0.020 µg/m3). This study illustrates a positive correlation between higher ambient exposure to VOCs with increased CRC incidence. These findings underscore the potential interplay of environmental factors, socioeconomic determinants, and environmental injustice when considering strategies to address health disparities and CRC incidence.

Breast cancer awareness messages: investigating response among Lebanese women.

While national Lebanese studies done on breast cancer attest to the importance of awareness campaigns none, however, examine the type of content that most effectively reaches women. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine, through an experiment, the effectiveness of direct versus indirect messaging, in altering knowledge, risk perception, attitudes, behaviors and self-efficacy among two groups of women, those aged 18-40 and 41-65 years. Findings suggest that the designed breast cancer communication messages were perceived as informative, trustworthy and believable regardless of message type. An interaction effect indicated that the older age group (41+) who were exposed to the indirect message felt more confident in taking proactive measures than the 18- to 40-year-old participants. In addition, those exposed to the indirect message were more likely to behave as communicated than those in the direct message condition. At the very least, the messages, both direct and indirect, helped minimize misconception or correct people's knowledge about the subject. This shows that participants and by extension people, in general, pay attention to breast cancer awareness messaging. Making these messages available to all age groups and motivating them to take proactive/preventative measures becomes even more significant, especially with the higher incidence of cancer among women aged 18-40 years in Lebanon.

Thyroid Cancer Incidence Among Korean Individuals: A Comparison of South Korea and the United States.

To compare thyroid cancer incidence rates and trends between Korean, non-Korean Asian, and non-Hispanic White populations in the United States, and between the US Korean population and the South Korean population. Population-based analysis of cancer incidence data. Cases of thyroid cancer diagnosed during 1999-2014 from the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 9 detailed Asian/Pacific Islander subgroup incidence and population dataset were included. Incidence rates were obtained from the datasets, and annual percent change (APC) of the incidence rates was calculated using Joinpoint regression analysis. Thyroid cancer incidence rate for 1999-2014 was significantly higher for South Korea (48.05 [95% CI 47.89-48.22] per 100,000 person-years) than for the US Korean population (11.12 [95% CI 10.49-11.78] per 100,000 person-years), which was slightly higher than the Non-Korean Asian population (10.23 [95% CI 10.02-10.43] per 100,000 person-years), and slightly lower than the Non-Hispanic White population (12.78 [95% CI 12.69-12.87] per 100,000 person-years). Incidence rates in South Korea increased dramatically (average APC 17.9, 95% CI 16.0-19.9), significantly higher than the US Korean population (average APC 5.0, 95% CI 3.1-6.8), which was similar to the non-Korean Asian (average APC 2.5, 95% CI 0.9-4.2) and the non-Hispanic White (average APC 5.1, 95% CI 4.7-5.6) populations. South Korea's high thyroid cancer incidence rates cannot be attributed to genetic factors, but are likely due to health care system factors. 3 Laryngoscope, 134:4156-4160, 2024.

Human papillomavirus circulating tumor DNA assays as a mechanism for head and neck cancer equity in rural regions of the United States.

The rates of human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer (HPV-OPC) are rising worldwide and in the United States, particularly in rural regions including Appalachia. Rural areas face unique health challenges resulting in higher cancer incidence and mortality rates, and this includes HPV-OPC. The recent advent of highly sensitive liquid biopsies for the non-invasive detection of HPV-OPC recurrence (circulating tumor HPV DNA, HPV ctDNA) has been swiftly adopted as part of surveillance paradigms. Though knowledge gaps persist regarding its use and clinical trials are ongoing, the ease of collection and cost-effectiveness of HPV ctDNA make it more accessible for HPV-OPC survivors than usual surveillance methods of frequent exams and imaging. Herein, we discuss how implementing HPV ctDNA assays in rural regions of the United States provide one poignant example of how liquid biopsies can improve cancer care equity.