High Genotypic Coefficient Of Variation Research Articles

Appraisal of Magic Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Genetic Variability, Character Association and Path Analysis Studies

An investigation was carried out to estimate genetic parameters, assess association and path coefficient analysis among growth, yield and yield attributes in Multiparent Advanced Generation Intercross (MAGIC) lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.). A total of 100 MAGIC lines along with seven checks were evaluated in augmented design during summer 2022 at ZAHRS, KSNUAHS, Shivamogga. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the advanced lines for all the traits under study. The variability studies among the lines revealed a higher Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV), Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV), heritability and Genetic Advance as Percent of Mean (GAM) for majority of traits. The correlation and path coefficient analysis revealed that traits tillers per plant, productive tillers per plant, panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, spikelet fertility, test weight and length/breadth ratio were positively associated with yield. Selection of lines with higher filled grains per panicle would be effective for yield improvement program along with the higher percentages of productive tillers per plant, panicle length and spikelet fertility.

Estimation of genetic parameters and variability of various cayenne peppers under net shading

Abstract. Siahaan GF, Chozin MA, Syukur M, Ritonga AW. 2023. Estimation of genetic parameters and variability of various cayenne peppers under net shading. Biodiversitas 24: 5912-5919. The intercropping systems are important concerning the decreasing agricultural land and the increasing population. Chili could be planted as intercrops, but not all chili genotypes were adapted to low light-intensity stress. This study aims to determine the genetic diversity of cayenne pepper under 50% plastic net shade conditions based on morphological and agronomic traits. The study was conducted at the Cikabayan Experimental Field, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Dramaga, Bogor, from January to July 2021. The genetic material consisted of ten genotypes of cayenne pepper from Capsicum annuum L. and ten from Capsicum frustescens L.. Each genotype of chili was planted with three replications, so there were 60 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of six plants planted in an area of 1.5 m2. The shade used was a plastic net shade with a 50% shading level. The estimation of genetic parameters showed that leaf area, number of leaves, fruit weight, number of fruits, and yield per plant had a high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and broad-sense heritability (Hbs). Cluster analysis resulted in two main clusters based on twelve chili growth and agronomic characters. All chili genotypes included in Cluster 1 were C. annuum chilies. On the other hand, all the chili genotypes in Cluster 2 were C. frutescens chilies except for the G19 genotype. Cayenne pepper in Cluster 2 had a higher number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, fruit diameter, pedicle length, fruit weight, number of fruits, and yield per plant than cayenne pepper in Cluster 1. The result of this study indicates that C. frutescens cayenne pepper has more potential to be planted under shading conditions and used in intercropping than C. annuum.

Genetic variability and divergence analysis in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) accessions for storage root yield and other agronomic characters

Understanding the character of genetic variability and diversity is crucial to enhancing selection efficiency in plant breeding programs. This study aimed to estimate the magnitude of genetic variability and diversity among 64 accessions based on quantifiable characteristics to provide valuable information for breeding programs and conservation. The 64 accessions were evaluated in the two locations using an 8x8 lattice design. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference among the tested accessions for the characters studied, indicating the presence of variability and the possibility of character selection and improvement. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation revealed for the aboveground biomass, storage root yield, and storage root number indicates that the possibility of selection of those characters might be effective for their improvement. High heritability along with high genetic advance as a percent of the mean was observed for number of storage roots, length of storage roots, storage root yield, aboveground biomass, and harvest index, suggesting the existence of additive gene effects. The first three principal components explained 49 % of the total variation, with PC I accounting for 22.5 %, PC II for 15.6 %, and PC III for 10.9 % of the total variation. The 64 accessions were grouped into five clusters, and the number of accessions in each cluster was varied from 3 in cluster V to 31 in cluster II. The maximum inter-cluster diversity was found between IV and V (82.60), while cluster V (6.12) had the highest intra-cluster diversity. Accessions G8, G16, G40, G43, G46, G53, and G57 have been identified as the best candidates for the breeding program in terms of storage root yield. The various analyses performed in the present study confirmed the presence of wide variability & diversity among accessions, which could be used to develop cassava cultivars with optimal storage root yield through effective selection.

The Genetic Dissection of Economically Important Traits in Chilli Genotypes (Capsicum annuum L.) through Multivariate Analysis

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivar share a variety of different and intriguing growth and yield characteristics, for a plant breeder studies on genotypic and phenotypic relationship for horticulture cum vegetable spicy crop and its traits are useful to design, evaluate and to develop selection criteria for desired traits. With this background information the present study focused on identification of crucial characteristics required for boosting yield and to determine the parameters for the selection of superior genotypes. A total of 30 chilli genotypes were subjected to variability, divergence and mutual correlation studies for yield and yield component traits by using multivariate analysis.
 Results from the analysis of variance and variability revealed highly significant differences at (p≤0.01) and (p≤0.05) for all the studied traits. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were observed for FL fallowed by FYP, NFP, IFW, WPDM, FD, PH and NSF respectively, except for MC has revealed low GCV and PCV. All the traits were shown the presence of high heritability ( ) in broad sense (>60%) coupled with high GAM (>20%), except for MC, indicating the presence of positive additive gene action and effective transmission of characters to the next generation with selection. Highly significant and positive strong correlation was observed for IFW (r = 0.68**), WPDM (r = 0.54**), TW (r = 0.40*) and FD (r = 0.37*) with FYP, while the path analysis revealed highest direct effect for the traits such as FPT, FL and NFP. Principle component analysis revealed a 70.60% total variation accounted with first four PCAs with Eigen vector values more than one.
 Further cluster analysis grouped the 30 chilli genotypes into four major cluster (Cluster I, II, III and IV) and combined cluster analysis identified genotypes contributing to the maximum variability, viz., cultivars such as LIPSTICK, B.KADDI, B.DABBI, BHOOT JALOKIA, SUM- 17, BCH- 42, PBC- 80, LCA- 310, M- 262, KA2- L, S. SELECTION 1, JCH- 42 and 9608- U, so these genotypes serves as a donor for further breeding programme to develop superior cultivars.

Assessment of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance among Different Characters in Tomato [Solanum lycopersicum (Mill.) Wettsd

The field experiment was carried out at Horticulture Research Farm No.1, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow during Rabi season 2021-22. In this, twenty genotypes including check cultivars were evaluated to estimate the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for different characters. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Characters viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, polar diameter of fruit, equatorial diameter of fruit, total soluble solids, number of fruits per cluster, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant, marketable fruit yield per plant, unmarketable fruit yield per plant and total fruit yield per plant were studied during the experiment. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all the characters under study during the investigation. The Phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of the variation (GCV) for the characters studied. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was observed for unmarketable fruit yield per plant. The moderate GCV was reported for total fruit yield per plant followed by plant height and average fruit weight, polar diameter of fruit, no. of primary branches per plant, marketable fruit yield per plant and equatorial diameter of fruit whereas it was least for TSS followed by days to 50% flowering and number of fruits per cluster. Therefore these characters exhibited high heritability coupled with genetic advance thus show some scope for improvement through selection.

Studies of Genetic Variability and Inter-Relationship among Some Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata L.) Landrace of Assam, India

Thirty diverse landraces of pumpkin comprising from eight districts of Assam viz., four landraces from each district, Sivasager, Dibrugarh, Karbi Anglong, Haflong, Jorhat & Majuli and three landraces from each Lakhimpur and Kokrajhar. The landraces were subjected to analyses of variance and covariance for estimation of genetic variability parameters and correlation coefficients among the 19 characters. The experiment was carried out during the rabi season of 2017-18 at the Instruction Cum and Research (ICR) Farm of Assam Agricultural University in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. From the analysis of variance, it was recorded that the presence of variation among thirty pumpkin landraces for all characters. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was recorded for single fruit weight with 51.47 per cent and 54.88 per cent, indicating presence of greater variability for the trait. The heritability in the broad sense was recorded highest for the petiole length. The GA calculated as per cent of the mean was recorded for single fruit weight (99.44%), followed by yield per plant. In character association five traits were positively correlated with fruit yield per plant out of 18 characters.

Nutritional analysis of rice landraces from southern Odisha, India.

Rice landraces conserved by tribal farmers are important for their nutritional richness. Landraces are rich in essential amino acids, vitamins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids useful to cure noncommunicable diseases and metabolic disorders. A study was carried out with 10 rice landraces from the tribal-dominated belt of Southern Odisha to investigate grain nutrition, proximate composition, and vitamin and mineral contents. The protein content of the landraces was higher (>6 g/100 g) and the fat content was lower (<0.6 g/100 g) than popular Indian rice varieties. The mean nutrient content of 10 rice landraces was as follows: protein 6.3 ± 0.313 g/100 g, total dietary fiber 1.6 ± 0.094 g/100 g, fat 0.536 ± 0.008 g/100 g, ash 10.514 ± 6.753%, and total sugar 77.18 ± 2.118 g/100 g. The high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was observed for alkali spreading value (31.11%), capacity of grain hydration (52.705), index of hydration (171.439), moisture (46.343%), and vitamin B2 (23.994%) in rice landraces. Few landraces had superior iron content: Kalamalli (1.49 mg/100 g), Kandulakathi (1.42 mg/100 g), and Dudhamani (1.39 mg/100 g) compared to popular Indian rice varieties. Tikichudi had highest moisture (19%) and fat (0.53 g/100 g) content, which signifies the taste quality of rice. Kanakchudi exhibited the highest fiber content (1.8 g/100 g) and ash content (22.80%). Kalamalli contained higher zinc (0.49 mg/100 g), iron (1.49 mg/100 g), potassium (108.33 mg/100 g), magnesium (78.33 mg/100 g), and phosphorus (125.00 mg/100 g), whereas Muktabali was found to have higher Ca (3.88 mg/100 g) and Baunsidubraj exhibited higher niacin (4.9 mg/100 g). The indigenous landraces Kalamalli, Kandulakathi, and Dudhamani had considerably high iron content, whereas Kalamalli, Baunsidubraj, and Muktabali possessed less phytic acid in comparison with existing varieties and other landraces reported from various states of our country. Landraces Kalamalli, Kanakchudi, Tikichudi, and Muktabali from southern Odisha, India, represented nutritionally better genetic pool for future rice improvement.

GENETIC VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF 12 IMPORTANT JHUM RICE (Oryza sativa. L.) GENOTYPES OF NAGALAND

With 12 jhum rice genotypes, the experiment was conducted with a randomized block design and replicated thrice in the year 2022. For every character under the study, the variance estimates between genotypes varied significantly, pointing to a large variation in the samples.Effective tillers/plant followed by 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant had the highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). Maximum heritability and genetic advance were seen for the 1000-grain weight, the number of grains per panicle and effective tillers/plant. Therefore, using these attributes as selection criteria might result in the accumulation of more additive genes, which will improve their performance, Indicating the relative usefulness of this character for selection,The number of effective tillers per plant, leaf length, leaf width, plant height, panicle length, and 1000- grain weight were significantly correlated positively with grain yield per plant. Thestudy recommended that in order to increase the seed yield, consideration should be given to the number of effective tillers per plant, leaf length, leaf width, plant height, and panicle length. The 12 genotypes of rice were divided into four distinct clusters. Cluster I had two genotypes, Cluster III had two, and Cluster IV had one genotype. Cluster II had six genotypes. Cluster I and cluster IV were found to have the highest inter-cluster divergence, whereas cluster II and cluster III had the lowest divergence. As a result, hybridization programs including genotypes from clusters IV and I can be used.

Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Ash Gourd (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.) Genotypes

The present investigation was carried out during kharif season, 2018-2019 on 37 genotypes of ash gourd in Randomized Block Design to study the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advances, correlation and path coefficient. Results revealed high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) for seediness (44.197 and 44.09), fruit diameter (36.41 and 36.26), average fruits weight (32.308 and 32.27), number of lobes (21.73 and 21.63), peduncle length (25.72 and 25.651), petiole length (22.25 and 22.02), fruit length (25.82 and 25.68), seed width (24.84 and 24.62), number of fruit per plant (21.93 and 21.81), nodes at which first female flower appears (28.54 and 28.48), yield per plant (25.35 and 25.11) and yield per hectare (25.35 and 25.11), respectively. Whereas, high heritability (h2) coupled with genetic advance over mean (GAM) was registered highest in seediness (99.52% and 90.61%) followed by fruit diameter (99.23% and 74.41%), fruit length (98.87% and 52.60%), respectively. Fruit yield per plant showed highly significant positive phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients with avg fruit weight (0.708 and 0.709), vine length (0.359 and 0.368), fruit diameter (0.304 and 0.307), seed width (0.337 and 0.342), crop duration (0.370 and 0.356) and cotyledon length (0.295 and 0.305), respectively. The highest positive direct effects on fruit yield was exerted by average fruit weight (1.034) followed by number of fruit/plant (0.738) and vine length (0.062) whereas number of lobes (-0.087) shown highest negative direct effect followed by ovary length (-0.062) and cotyledon width (-0.059).

Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) for genetic variability, character association and path analysis

Different accessions of saffron were studied to analyze genetic diversity and heritable component of variation in yield and yield related traits. Dry pistil weight, fresh pistil weight, fresh flower weight corm-1 line-1, number of flowers corm-1 line-1, and big corm index, all had high genotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance. The traits included in the selection scheme, correlation among traits (floral and agronomic) are important as varieties must have high yield associated with exemplary quality parameters. At both phenotypic and genotypic levels, the association was found significant among the traits. Stigma length and fresh flower weight had strong direct effect with respect to dry pistil weight followed by number of flowers corm-1 line-1, fresh pistil weight and big corm index. Therefore, these parameters can be taken as criteria for selection.

Assessment of Various Variability Parameters and Correlation of Quantitative Characters in Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines

The present research problem was carried out to assess the variability parameters, heritability, genetic advance and correlations among various quantitative traits in maize inbred lines. A total of 69 inbred lines were evaluated in alpha lattice design with 2 replications at Winter Nursery Centre, Hyderabad. ANOVA results displays genotypes were significantly different from each other. From the results it was depicted that Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) was higher than Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) indicating the influence of environment. The traits, No. of kernels per row, Cob weight, Grain yield per cob showed high GCV and PCV values likewise Days to 50% tasseling, Days to 50% silking and Days to 75% dry husk showed low GCV and PCV values. Most of the characters showed high heritability and traits such as Plant height, Tassel length, Ear length, No. of kernels per row, Cob weight and Grain yield per cob showed high GAM and its values ranged from 21.5% to 101.30%. So, the traits such as No. of kernels per row, Cob weight and Grain yield per cob can be used for further crop improvement in the breeding programme. Of all the traits under study except, Days to 50% tasseling, Days to 50% silking and Days to 75% dry husk showed positive significant correlation with grain yield per cob indicating selection for the traits will enhance the grain yield whereas the excepted traits showed negative significant association with grain yield per cob indicating selection for these traits is also essential as it reduces duration of crop.

Study on Genetic Variability for Quantitative and Quality Parameters in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Genetic variability is the prime and fundamental requirement for any crop breeding to develop superior varieties which yields more and fulfills the demanding requirements of increasing population.The current study investigates twenty genotypes of rice, including one check variety NDR-359, that were raised in the Field Experimentation Centre of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, Prayagraj during Kharif 2022 using a Randomized Block Design with three replications.The best genotypes for grain yield per plant were chosen based on the mean performance of genotypes RNR – 1446, followed by MTU - 1121, JGL – 24423, and Rango Komal. All of the qualities under examination had significant differences, according to the analysis of variance. The characters viz., Biological yield, Grain yield per hill, Number of spikelets per panicle exhibited high Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) and Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV). For all the features under study, there were very slight variations between GCV and PCV, indicating that the environment had little to no impact on these individuals. High heritability recorded in Biological yield (95.92%), Grain yield per hill (91.89%), Panicle length (91.80%), Plant height (91.00%) and Days to 50% flowering (87.81%), whereas moderate heritability observed in Flag leaf width (47.08%). High heritability coupled with genetic advance as percent mean is recorded in Biological yield (77.10), Grain yield per hill (59.72), Panicle length (24.65) and Plant height (34.50) indicating that simple selection could be effective for improving these characters. Correlation results shown that grain yield per hill exhibited highly and significantly correlation with biological yield and Number of spikelets per panicle. The results of the Path coefficient analysis revealed that both phenotypic and genotypic levels, had positive direct effects on grain yield while compare with parameters like Biological yield, Harvest index %, Number of panicles per hill and Days to 50% flowering. Quality characters i.e., hulling (%), cooking and eating characters i.e., kernel length and breadth before and after cooking, elongation ratio was taken for 19 genotypes. As per mean performance highest maximum grain length was observed in Kasturi, DRRH2, highest elongation ratio observed in MTU - 1121 and NLR - 40024.

Studies on Genetic Variability, Correlation Analysis in Mithipagal (Momordica charantia var. muricata) Genotypes

The present investigation was carried out in Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to study the “Genetic variability and correlation analysis in Mithipagal (Momordica charantia var. muricata) genotypes”. Observations on vine length, days to male flower inflorescence, days to female flower inflorescence, node of first male flower appearance, node of first female flower appearance, sex ratio, number of fruits per vine, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit girth, number of seeds per fruit, yield per vine, ascorbic acid, protein content, iron content and total soluble solids were recorded. Variability and correlation analysis among genotypes were examined. The results, showed that yield per plant had high positive and high significant correlation with fruit weight, fruit girth, number of seeds per fruit, vine length and fruit length. High genotypic co-efficients of variation (GCV) were found for fruit yield per vine, fruit weight, TSS, fruit length, vine length, fruit girth, node of first female flower, number of fruits per vine, number of seeds per fruit, iron, protein content when genetic characteristics were taken into account, However low GCV was found for days to the first male and female flowering. Phenotypic variants were always greater than genotypic variances. For traits such asyield per vine, fruit weight, TSS, fruit length, vine length, fruit girth, number of fruits per vine, number of. seeds per fruit, node of first male flower appearance, node of first female flower appearance, sex ratio, vitamin C, protein, iron content high heritability was found together with high genetic advance in percent of mean, indicating that these features are under additive gene control and hence selection for genetic improvement would be successful. Node of first male flower appearance showed low heritability combined with low genetic advance as a percentage of the mean indicating that non-additive gene effects were involved in the expression of this trait and hence selection for such a trait could not be beneficial. The knowledge of these statistical factors would be useful in identifying genotypes with greater yield potential that might be used in the improvement of mithipagal.

Enumeration of Genetic Parameters and Genetic Diversity of Morpho-Physiological Traits in CIMMYT Bread Wheat Accessions [Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell

Fifty genotypes of CIMMYT bread wheat were evaluated at Agricultural Research Farm, BHU, Varanasi during 2019-2020.The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all traits. High Phenotypic coefficient of variation was recorded compared to the genotypic coefficient of variation. However, high genotypic coefficients of variation were found particularly for: grain yield per plot (8.71), harvest index (9.22), test weight (8.9), normalized difference vegetative index (9.59) and chlorophyll content (9.79), suggesting that these traits are having ample genetic potential for selection amongst genotypes, in breeding programs. The highest broad sense heritability manifested for harvest index (91.61%); remaining traits showed moderate estimates of heritability. Low to moderate genetic advance as percent mean was estimated for all the traits studied. This suggests the existence of variability for agronomic traits in the studied wheat genotypes which, should be exploited during future breeding programmes. Fifty genotypes were divided into six non-overlapping distinct clusters using tocher's method based on Euclidean distances. Thirty-one genotypes were classified in the first cluster accounting 62% of total genotypes followed by 15 genotypes categorized in the second cluster. The remaining four clusters have one genotype each. Divergence and cluster mean show that, crossings between genotypes of clusters (II, III), and VI could lead to recovery of good transgressive segregants for maximum heterosis in wheat varietal improvement.

Study of Evaluation of Genetic Variability of Gladiolus Cultivars under Agro-climatic Conditions of Prayagraj, India

A field experiment was carried out to “Study of Evaluating Genetic Variability of Gladiolus (Gladilous grandiflorus L.) Cultivars Under Agro –Climatic conditions of Prayagraj” was conducted at the Departmental research field of Horticulture, Naini, Agriculture Institute during Rabi season of 2022-2023. The experiment involved 15 cultivars arranged in randomized block design with three replication. The analysis of the data showed that phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all characters studied, indicating that environmental factors had a significant influence on these characters. Several traits, including number of leaves at 30DAS, corm yield per plant, number of cormels per hectare, cormel diameter, number of corms per hectare, and number of corms per plant, exhibited high PCV and GCV. Furthermore, the study found high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a percentage of the mean for traits such as the number of leaves at 30DAS, corm yield per plant, number of cormels per hectare, cormel diameter, number of corms per hectare, and number of corms per plant. This suggests that these traits are under strong genetic control and have the potential for effective selection and improvement. Moreover, positive and highly significant correlations were observed between corm yield per plant (in grams) and various other traits, including the number of leaves at 30DAS, 60DAS, and 90DAS, number of shoots per plant, days to first flowering, rachis length, number of florets per spike, number of spikes per plant, floret length, floret diameter, number of corms per plant, corm diameter, weight of corm, number of corms per hectare, and number of cormels per hectare. These correlations indicate that these traits have a strong influence on corm yield. Based on the study's results, genotypes Yellow stone, followed by Joshka, Pusa suhagan, and Arka Naveen, were identified as high spike and corm-yielding genotypes under the agro-climatic conditions of Prayagraj.Overall, the study highlights the significant impact of environmental factors on the observed traits and provides valuable insights into the selection of gladiolus genotypes with desirable characteristics for cultivation in the Prayagraj region.

Genetic Variability of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandifloras L.) Varieties Under Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh Agro-Climatic Conditions

A study on genetic variability of gladiolus (Gladiolus grandifloras L.) varieties under prayagraj agro-climatic conditions was carried out at Departmental research field of Horticulture, Naini Agriculture Institute during the Rabi season of 2021-2022 with ten cultivars in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications viz.,. Punjab Flame, Source Biscuts, Arka Naveen, White Prosperity, Dhanvantri, Phule Neelrekha, Pusa Srijan, Arka Amar, Priscilla, Yellow Stone were evaluated. Out of these ten cultivars, genetic variability, heritability, phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and genetic correlation for the characters viz., plant height at (30, 60, 90 DAS), number of leaves per plant at (30,60,90 DAS), no. of shoot per plant, days taken for corm sprouting, rachis length, days taken to spike emergence, days taken colour break stage, no. of floret per spike, no. of spike per plant, no. of days taken for first basal open, no. of days taken for last floret open, spike length, floret diameter, weight of daughter corm, weight of mother corm, corm diameter, corm weight, no. of corm per hectare, and corm yield/ plant were observed. for all characters, the highest GCV and PCV were recorded for the characters viz., weight of daughter corm (g) (33.6786 and 47.569), number of leaves per plant at 30 DAS (25.70 and 37.81), number of leaves per plant at harvest (24.73 and 35.25), number of shoots per plant ( 25.47 and 31.19), weight of mother corm (25.18 and 33.90), corm weight (25.11 and 33.38), days taken for corm sprouting (23.7566 and 23.7566) and the lowest GCV and PCV were recorded for floret diameter (17.50 and 40.95).The genotypes Phule Neelrekha followed by Arka Amar were identified as high corm yielding and no. of cormsper hectare and produced more no. of spikes/ plot and also yield per plotwhich indicated that these genotypes have resultedfor higher yield and indicated good response to selection owing to their high heritability, variability and genetic advance showing additive gene effect. These genotypes can be used for improvement of yield and component traits by selection.

Genetic variability of F2 foxtail millet population derived from ICERI-5 and Botok-10 cross

Abstract. Sintia M, Ardie SW, Suwarno WB. 2023. Genetic variability of F2 foxtail millet population derived from ICERI-5 and Botok-10 cross. Biodiversitas 24: 3559-3567. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.) is a carbohydrate source with good tolerance to abiotic stress. High productivity, short stature, and early flowering time are the breeding targets of this species. This study aimed to obtain genetic variability of F2 foxtail millet population derived from ICERI-5 and Botok-10 crossand to predict selection response based onweighted selection index. This experiment was conducted in Bogor and consisted of 522 F2 individuals and two parental genotypes. The results showed that the F2 population had shorter plant height and earlier flowering time compared to Botok-10, and higher grainweight per plant compared to ICERI-5. Plant height, flowering time, and grainweight per plant showed moderate to high genotypic coefficient of variation with moderate to high broad-sense heritability. Weighted selection index using the three target traits resulted in ten F2 individuals with higher selection index compared to both parents, with individual number I5B10-4-96 having the highest selection index. Selection responses based on a weighted selection index indicate an expected decrease in flowering time and an increase in grain weight per plant in the next generation.

Studies on PCV, GCV, Heritability, and Genetic Advance in Rice Genotypes for Yield and Yield Components

The present experiment was carried out in twelve genotypes including IRRI introgression lines and a Japonica cultivar to analyse the genetic variability, heritability, and genetic gain. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes. All the traits under study recorded a high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) indicating the presence of environment controlling the traits. But, the less difference between PCV and GCV implies that the involvement had a negligible role in the trait expression. High PCV and GCV were observed for the characters plant height, number of productive tillers, 1000 grain weight, L/B ratio, protein content, phenol content, and reducing sugar, representing that these characters in genotypes are contributed by additive gene action and the direct selection will improve the trait easily. Among the traits studied, high heritability and genetic advance were obtained for plant height, number of days to 50% flowering, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, grain breadth, L/B ratio, protein content, phenol content, and ascorbic acid, representing that these characters are predominant in additive gene action.

Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance Studies in Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) for Yield and its Attributing Traits

An investigation was carried out with 48 genotypes of pea obtained through line x tester mating and were tested using a randomized block experimental design with three replications. The result showed a highly significant difference for all the 14 characters under study. The variability, heritability and genetic advance as percent mean were studied for all the characters. A high genotypic coefficient of variation was observed for the traits number of secondary branches, plant height, number of pods per plant, harvest index, nodules fresh weight and nodules dry weight. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance estimates was recorded for the number of secondary branches, plant height, pod length, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight, grain yield per plant, harvest index, nodules fresh weight and nodules dry weight indicating the role of additive gene action and selection for these traits could be reliable.

Genetic analysis of anthracnose resistant and heat tolerant chili inbreed lines based on morpho-physiological characteristics

A better understanding of the various desirable characteristics present in chili (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes has aided in developing more effective selection methods for crop improvement. Identifying genetically superior parents is critical in selecting the best parents and inbred lines for breeding purposes. This study was conducted over two planting seasons in glasshouse using morpho-physiological parameters to evaluate the heritability variation of selected chili genotypes based on their genetic diversity for future breeding program. Significant variances were observed in all the studied parameters across the chili pepper accessions with an inclusive range of diversity. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (≥ 20%) was observed for all physiological and yield characteristics. While the highest phenotypic coefficient of variation (≥ 20%) was seen for all examined characteristics. All studied parameter had high broad sense heritability (˃ 55%) except total number of branches per plant (47.9%) while the moderate to high genetic advance were observer for all studied traits demonstrating that the extents of heritability and variability are due to their genetic makeup and environment had little influence on these characters. The evaluated genotypes were grouped into seven clusters based on the cluster analysis and Group I recorded highest yield with eight genotypes while Groups III, IV, V, VI, and VII recorded one each. Plant height and total branch number showed a highly significant positive correlation with the number of fruits per plant and yield per plant. Similarly, the number of fruits per plant had a highly significant positive correlation with fruit yield per plant. The study revealed that genetic variability might be usefully exploited through selection for further breeding purposes to increase yield and production.