High Frequency Structure Simulator Software Research Articles

A Novel Four Element Low Profile and Compact Conical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Wideband Applications

In this paper, a four element Conical Dielectric Resonator Antenna fed through coaxial probe is presented. This Low Profile and compact novel Antenna is designed for Wideband application and its input and radiation characteristics determined through the Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) Software. The proposed antenna provides wide Bandwidth (45%) and high average gain (5.15 dBi) with Monopole type Radiation Pattern.

Design and Analysis of a Micromachined LC Low Pass Filter For 2.4GHz Application

This paper reports design and analysis of a passive low pass filter with cut-off frequency of 2.4 GHz using MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems) technology. The passive components such as suspended spiral inductors and metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor are arranged in T network form to implement LC low pass filter design. This design employs a simple approach of suspension thereby reducing parasitic losses to eliminate the performance degrading effects caused by integrating an off-chip inductor in the filter circuit proposed to be developed on a low cost silicon substrate using RF-MEMS components. The filter occupies only 2.1 mm x 0.66 mm die area and is designed using micro-strip transmission line placed on a silicon substrate. The design is implemented in High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) software and fabrication flow is proposed for its implementation. The simulated results show that the design has an insertion loss of -4.98 dB and return loss of -2.60dB.

Novel Ultra Wide Band Polarisation Independent Capacitive Jaumann Radar Absorber

<p style="margin-bottom: 0.14in; line-height: 115%;" align="justify">An ultra wide band (UWB), reduced thickness four layers capacitive jaumann absorber (CJA) with measured reflectivity of -15 dB (minimum) from 2 GHz to 19 GHz is presented in this paper. The novel CJA is designed and implemented by modifying the jaumann absorber (JA) design. The crucial impedance matching layers of CJA are designed by conceptualizing hexagonal resistive grid on dielectric substrates. Reduced thickness of 24.8 mm is realised by capacitive loading of hexagonal resistive grids with hexagonal resistive patches. Absorption performance of CJA is verified by full wave analysis using high frequency structural simulator software. Polarisation independent absorption performance is realised. Absorption of 96.5 per cent (minimum) is achieved with variation in angles of incidence from 0° to 30°. Resistive capacitive layers of CJA are developed as electrically thin printed circuit boards and integrated with alternating low loss, low density foam dielectric spacers backed by metallic conducting plane. Size of panel CJA is 280 mm × 280 mm. Fabricated panel CJA is evaluated for radar cross section (RCS) performance in microwave anechoic chamber. Matching results are obtained in simulation and measurements. The reduced thickness, low weight, UWB CJA finds application in RCS reduction of air vehicles/unmanned air vehicle. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>

Synthesis and characterisation of novel low temperature ceramic and its implementation as substrate in dual segment CDRA

Li2O-(2-3x)MgO-(x)Al2O3-P2O5 (LMAP) (x = 0.00–0.08) ceramic system was prepared through solid state synthesis route at different sintering temperatures (800–925 °C). A small addition of Al2O3 (x = 0.02) in LMAP ceramics lowers the sintering temperature by more than 100 °C with good relative density of 94.13%. The sintered samples were characterized in terms of density, apparent porosity, water absorption, crystal structure, micro-structure and microwave dielectric properties. Silver compatibility test is also performed for its use as electrode material in low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) application. To check the performance of the prepared LTCC as substrate, a microstrip-fed aperture-coupled dual segment cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DS-CDRA) is designed using LMAP (x = 0.02) ceramic as substrate material and Barium Strontium Titanate with 10 wt% of PbO-BaO-B2O3-SiO2 glass (BSTG) and Teflon as the components of resonating material. The simulation study of the DS-CDRA is performed using the Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. A conductive coating of silver is used on the substrate. The simulated and measured −10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidths of 910 MHz (9.07–9.98 GHz at resonant frequency of 9.49 GHz) and 1080 MHz (8.68–9.76 GHz at resonant frequency of 9.36 GHz), respectively are achieved. The measured results of the fabricated antenna are found in good agreement with the simulation results. The prepared material can find potential applications in radar and radio navigation as well as radio astronomy and military satellite communication.

SIW Based Wideband Horn Antenna

In this paper, we have proposed CSRR (complementary split ring resonator) loaded Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) horn antenna. The whole system is designed on a single substrate, having advantages of small size, low profile, and low cost, etc. The design process and simulation results of a CSRR-loaded SIW horn antenna at K-band and Ka-band are presented. The proposed antenna is an outstanding choice for K, Ka bands and even higher frequency synthesis. It has well-behaved gain and suitable reflection coefficient value less than 1.5 (-10dB S11 and VSWR<1.5). The simulated gain of antenna attains 7.48±1dB over majority of the bandwidth and with radiation efficiency of 85%. The simulation has been done using full-wave package, High Frequency Structure Simulator Software (HFSS) based on Finite element method (FEM).

A Novel Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna for Bandwidth Optimization with Shorting Pin

Objectives: The aim is to design a Microstrip Patch Antenna (MSA) for enhancement of bandwidth and improved outcome for return loss. The approach for dimension decrease is also a parameter for designing of this antenna. Method: A shorted pin, coaxial feed, Microstrip Patch Antenna (MSA) is used for wireless communication. The patch with U type slot, cut at corner and also shorted by shorting pin is the design of an antenna. For good efficiency proposed antenna’s design parameters are optimized by HFSS’s Optometric. Findings: The proposed antenna has a wide band frequency ranged from 1.4 GHz to 4 GHz with Bandwidth of 210 MHz and 250 MHz return loss of-11.45db and -20.50dB respectively. In this design HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) software is used which is a FEM based electromagnetic solver. The parameteric analysis of return loss, gain and bandwidth is done in an extended form in the proposed antenna design. Application: This design is suitable for the function in wireless communication system and also for fabrication proposes design is very simple.

Performances of Symmetric and Asymmetric T-slot Microstrip Antennas for Bluetooth Communication

Bluetooth is a short distance unlicensed wireless communication technology operating at 2.4 GHz band and primarily used for data transfer between portable devices. In this paper, small size microstrip patch antennas, loaded by symmetric and asymmetric T-shaped slots are designed and a comparative study of their performance at Bluetooth frequency band is presented. High frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software is used for antenna simulation. Improved bandwidth, uniform radiation pattern and good gain of the antenna are achieved using asymmetric T-slot microstrip antenna compared to symmetric T-slot microstrip antenna. The dimension of asymmetric T-slot microstrip antenna is 75% less than the symmetric T-slot microstrip antenna. Performance of the antennas, through parametric studies, related to the dimensions of the symmetric and asymmetric T-slots, is also presented. Â

Performance and design of spear shaped antenna for UWB band applications

This paper presents a novel design of a spear shaped antenna for wireless communications. Presently many research groups are working on wireless communication technologies and proposed various types of antenna designs. This proposed antenna fulfills the requirement of low cost, less weight, small size for wireless devices. The design and simulation of proposed CPW fed antenna are carried out with RT Duroid substrate and dimension of antenna substrate is 14mm×18mm. The operating frequency of the proposed antenna is 3.1–10.8GHz. High Frequency Structure Simulator software HFSS's optometric is used for the proposed antenna for more accuracy and results are optimized. The simple configuration and low profile attributes of the proposed antenna made it easy for fabrication and suitable for the application in the UWB band applications.

An efficient small size electromagnetic energy harvesting sensor for low‐DC‐power applications

An efficient small size electromagnetic energy harvesting sensor for low-DC-power applications is proposed. The sensor consists of two main parts: a dual polarisation square patch antenna used to collect the RF energy at a central frequency of 2.45 GHz, and two voltage doublers rectifier circuit for the RF-to-DC conversion. The overall size of the design is 50 × 50 × 6.2 mm3. Firstly, the antenna is designed using high-frequency structure simulator software; followed by the design of the rectifier circuit in advanced design system. After simulations, a sensor prototype is fabricated using F4B as the antenna substrate. Measurements show that the sensor achieves a comparatively high maximum measured efficiency of 41% for a power level of −10 dBm. The sensor has a simple structure, it is compact sized, light weight, and presents a high RF-to-DC conversion efficiency for low-RF-power levels which can be used to charge different low-DC-power devices.

A Novel Reconfigurable MMIC Antenna with RF-MEMS Resonator for Radar Application at K and Ka Bands

This paper presents a new reconfigurable antenna based on coplanar waveguide (CPW). The design for reconfigurable antenna is based on monolithic microwave integrate circuit (MMIC). This scheme combines a CPW antenna and switchable resonator radio frequency micro-electro-mechanical system (RF-MEMS). The resonator RF-MEMS presents a meander inductor structure and tuning capacitor controlled by the applied DC voltage. This component can be used for the System on the Chip (SoC). Moreover, this device presents a compactness characteristic and the possibility to operate at high frequencies. The switch element allows changing the frequency band and the resonant frequency easily. The simulation results are shown between 10 and 40 GHz. The presented reconfigurable antenna can cover five bands: (26, 26.6) GHz, (26.4, 27.3) GHz, (27.3, 28) GHz, (29, 30.1) GHz and (30.13, 30.7) GHz. All simulation results were made by the High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) software and validated by Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio (CST MWS).

A novel design of ultra‐wideband quarter circular microstrip monopole antenna

ABSTRACTThis letter presents a specific design of an ultra‐wideband (UWB) microstrip monopole antenna of dimensions 35 × 25 × 1.6 mm3 realised on FR4 substrate. The UWB performance from 3.1 to 16.3 GHz is achieved with return‐loss better than 10 dB. To achieve UWB performance, a quarter circular patch with tapered microstrip feed line has been used. This antenna has compact and simple structure suitable for fabrication and integration with microwave integrated circuits (MIC). Effect of varying geometric parameters on return‐loss has been studied using Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:225–229, 2017

Operation of bolometer system using Pt foil on SiN substrate detector for EAST tokamak.

The foil resistive bolometer diagnostic on experimental advanced superconducting tokamak has been upgraded partly with a new generation of detectors. The new detectors have faster response time. However, the microwave interference is still a serious issue for the bolometer system. The system response to microwave is tested, and the test results show that the closed Wheatstone bridge circuit in the detector is the most sensitive component to high power microwave field. Simulation results of microwave transmission by the high frequency structure simulator software and shielding design are also presented.

Circularly Polarized Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna for High Gain Application

ABSTRACTDesign, simulation and measurement of high gain annular ring microstrip antenna with L-shaped strip for circular polarization is presented. The simulated and experimental results are obtained using Ansoft’s commercially available High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS, Brookfield WI) software and the Agilen (Santa Clara, CA) vector network analyzer (N5230A.PNA-L), respectively. Parametric study of input characteristics of the proposed antenna is carried out using modal expansion cavity model and circuit theory concept. Theoretical, simulated, and measured results show good accord between each other. For the TM12 mode, measured results illustrated an impedance bandwidth and axial ratio bandwidth of 28.20 and 10.4%, respectively. With high gain, low profile, good radiation pattern, and simple structure, it can find potential industrial application in X-band to communicate between peripherals with each other.

Triple band frequency selective surface design for global system for mobile communication systems

As a result of the enormous increase in mobile phone usage throughout the world, mobile phone base stations are located in almost everywhere nowadays. Many scientific studies have investigated possible health symptoms of mobile systems radiation. The globally recognised organisations have started to release maximum radio-frequency (RF) exposure levels that are regarded as safe. An efficient approach to decrease the RF exposure levels inside the buildings is to transform building walls to a frequency selective surface which filters out global system for mobile communication signals but allows the others, such as radio and television signals. This study proposes a new frequency selective surface element geometry which leads to a minimum 20 dB attenuation in 900, 1800 and 2100 MHz mobile communication bands according to Swiss electromagnetic radiation prevention limit values (NISV, 23 December 1990). High-frequency structure simulator software is used for simulation and design purposes. Due to a given good insight into the resonance characteristics of the FSS structures, it is benefited from the equivalent circuit model in the optimisation process. Achieved results show that the proposed FSS element geometry has a stable frequency response with minimum 20 dB of attenuation levels for transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) polarisations when the angle of incident wave is varied from 0° to 60°.

Study of microstrip line‐fed flower‐shaped patch antenna providing enhanced bandwidth and radiation efficiency

ABSTRACTThis article presents the simulation and experimental studies of a broadband flower‐shaped patch antenna with semi‐elliptical partial ground plane fed through tapered microstrip line. The conventional circular patch is reshaped to obtain the proposed broadband flower‐shaped patch, which has distinct smaller segments and larger perimeter without changing the (largest) patch radius. The effect of different configurations of feed line and ground plane on the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is studied through simulation using Ansys' High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software. The simulated and measured bandwidths of the proposed antenna with optimum configurations of feed line and ground plane for input VSWR ≤ 2 are found to be 142% (2.3–13.6 GHz) and 135.88% (2.1–11.0 GHz), respectively. The radiation patterns of the antenna are bidirectional and omni‐directional in E‐ and H‐plane respectively. The proposed antenna has high radiation efficiency of more than 80% and reasonable gain over whole operating frequency band. Further, the input and radiation characteristics of the proposed antenna are compared with the respective characteristics of identical antenna excited using coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed. The bandwidth improvement of proposed antenna compared to reference one is explained using leaky wave concept. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2041–2046, 2016

Design of Miniaturized Dual-Band Microstrip Antenna for WLAN Application.

Wireless local area network (WLAN) is a technology that combines computer network with wireless communication technology. The 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands in the Industrial Scientific Medical (ISM) band can be used in the WLAN environment. Because of the development of wireless communication technology and the use of the frequency bands without the need for authorization, the application of WLAN is becoming more and more extensive. As the key part of the WLAN system, the antenna must also be adapted to the development of WLAN communication technology. This paper designs two new dual-frequency microstrip antennas with the use of electromagnetic simulation software—High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). The two antennas adopt ordinary FR4 material as a dielectric substrate, with the advantages of low cost and small size. The first antenna adopts microstrip line feeding, and the antenna radiation patch is composed of a folded T-shaped radiating dipole which reduces the antenna size, and two symmetrical rectangular patches located on both sides of the T-shaped radiating patch. The second antenna is a microstrip patch antenna fed by coaxial line, and the size of the antenna is diminished by opening a stepped groove on the two edges of the patch and a folded slot inside the patch. Simulation experiments prove that the two designed antennas have a higher gain and a favourable transmission characteristic in the working frequency range, which is in accordance with the requirements of WLAN communication.

Compact microwave planar band pass filter

The need for the compactness of microwave filter at high frequency application has lead to the design of microwave planar band pass filter which passes certain range of frequencies. The aim of this paper is to study and implement a compact microwave planar band pass filter operates in 3.1GHz-10.6GHz which is the ultra-wide band range. It uses multiple mode resonator (MMR) and inter digital coupled lines to improve upper stop band performance and coupling degree. Simulation of the proposed microwave filter structures is done with the help of HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) software.

Fast and accurate synthesis of electronically reconfigurable annular ring monopole antennas using particle swarm optimisation and artificial bee colony algorithms

The synthesis of a simple electronically reconfigurable annular ring monopole antenna using a designing optimisation process based on particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithms is proposed. Several antenna dimensions are selected as objective functions of PSO and ABC and their best solutions are considered as the optimised dimensions of the antenna geometry. Two radio-frequency p–i–n diodes, connecting the antenna feeding line to two microstrip stubs are used to change the antenna frequency response from ultra-wideband (UWB), from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz, to narrowband (NB) operation about 5.8 GHz. The antenna design and simulation are performed using Ansoft high-frequency structure simulator software. PSO and ABC algorithms are written in Java language. Thereafter, antenna prototypes are fabricated and measured for validation purposes. Simulation and measurement results are obtained showing good agreement. The measured optimised impedance bandwidths of the UWB and NB bands are up to 128 and 23%, respectively. Additionally, simulated and measured radiation patterns are very similar when the reconfigurable antenna is operating in OFF-state (UWB sensing antenna) and in ON-state (NB transmitting antenna) modes, indicating the proposed antenna geometry as a promising candidate for applications such as UWB and cognitive radio.

Sectored annular ring microstrip antenna with DGS for circular polarization

ABSTRACTA novel and simple design of circularly polarized sectored annular ring microstrip antenna with coplanar and concentric circular microstrip antenna is presented. The proposed antenna has single microstrip line feed with defected ground structure. Simulation analysis has been carried out using Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSSTM) software and measurement is carried out using the AgilentTM Vector Network Analyser (N5230A:PNA‐L). Parametric analysis of return loss and axial ratio versus frequency for different physical parameter of antenna has been studied. Experimental results of the proposed antenna show the 34.61% impedance bandwidth and 8.08% axial ratio bandwidth at 2.6 GHz center frequency with 6.96 dB peak gain. Simulated results are in good agreement with measured results. Due to low profile and simple geometry, it can be applicable for S‐band application effectively as wireless LAN, Wi‐Fi, Bluetooth, Zig‐Bee, and radio frequency identification antennas. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:569–573, 2016

DESIGN AND ANALYSING OF COMPACT MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH DEFECTED GROUND STRUCTURE FOR UWB APPLICATION

In this paper a small size microstrip antenna with DGS (Defected ground structure) is designed and analyzed for UWB(Ultra Wide Band) application. This antenna cover the complete frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz with a very small geometry as compared to a conventional antenna Dielectric substrate use in this antenna is Fr-4. This antenna is designed with a dimension is 36mm × 34 mm on a dielectric substrate Fr-4 whose permittivity er =4.4 and height h = 1.6 mm. The result for return losses and radiation patterns is simulated by using HFSS (High Frequency structure simulation) software. The High frequency structure simulator is employed to analyze the planned antenna and simulated results on return loss, The ground element of the proposed antenna is taken in the form of defected ground structure (DGS).