High Fluorine Content Research Articles

Fluorinated Cyclic Olefin Copolymers (COCs) and Cyclic Olefin Polymers (COPs).

The demand for insulating materials with superior dielectric properties has increased. Among these materials, polymers containing cyclic structure including cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) and cyclic olefin polymer (COP) stand out because of their excellent dielectric properties originating from the pure hydrocarbon structure. Introducing fluorine into polymers is one efficient strategy for optimizing the dielectric and the related important properties. Here, three fluorinated norbornene derivatives with high fluorine content are synthesized and copolymerized via coordination-insertion polymerization (CIP) and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The obtained fluorinated COCs and COPs have high fluorine contents (up to 48.2 wt.%) and exhibit excellent dielectric properties with dielectric constant (Dk) of 2.11-2.24 and dielectric loss (Df) of 0.0021-0.0031 at 10GHz. Moreover, these fluoropolymers show good solvent tolerance, high toughness (elongation at break up to 779%), enhanced thermal stability (Td,5% of 427-440°C), low hydrophilicity (water uptake <0.01%), and excellent gas separation properties. These results imply that these fluoropolymers are suitable as a potential candidate for substrate material utilized in the application of insulating materials.

Visualizing enterohepatic circulation in vivo by sensitive 19F MRI with a fluorinated ferrous chelate-based small molecule probe.

Enterohepatic circulation (EHC) is a critical biological process for the normal regulation of many endogenous biomolecules and the increased retention of various exogenous substances. The status of EHC is closely related to the ordinary functioning of several digestive organs. However, it remains a challenge to achieve in vivo real-time visualization of this process. Herein, we rationally design and synthesize a ferrous chelate, DO3A-Fe(II)-9F, with high fluorine content and favorable water solubility for visualizing EHC via19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The assessments on imaging performance reveal an 18-time increase in signal intensity compared to the fluorinated ligand alone. This probe's capability of entering EHC via the mediation of organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) is validated with ex vivo bio-distribution analysis and in vivo uptake-blocking imaging experiments, which allows short-time sensitive 19F MRI of EHC in healthy mice. Additionally, we illustrate its capacity for clearly imaging tampered EHC in the mice with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), drug-induced liver injury (DILI) or orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These results illustrate the promising potential of this probe for in vivo visualization of EHC under different conditions, especially disease conditions, which is beneficial for the study, diagnosis, or even stratification of various diseases.

Efficient Defluorination: Application of Calcium Sulfate Precipitation Method in Zinc Sulfate Solution.

In the process of zinc hydrometallurgy, the content of fluorine in zinc sulfate solution directly affects the stripping of the zinc plate, which easily leads to the deterioration of working conditions. It not only has a serious impact on the entire zinc hydrometallurgical system but also causes huge economic losses. Especially in the process of zinc secondary resource utilization, the concentration of fluoride ions in the electrolyte exceeds the control standard of smelting enterprises, which has become a long-term technical challenge in the smelting industry. So far, no efficient and economical solution has been developed to effectively remove fluoride from a zinc sulfate solution with a high fluorine content. In view of this background, this study focuses on the application of the precipitation method, which stands out for its wide adaptability, simple operation, and cost advantages. The thermodynamic analysis of the purification and defluorination process of zinc sulfate solution was carried out, and the effects of different experimental conditions on the purification and defluorination of zinc sulfate solution were systematically explored. The results showed that when the solution was acidic, only a fluorite precipitated phase was formed in the system. In order to make the system only form a fluorite precipitated phase, the pH of the solution should be controlled below 7. Under the conditions of the molar ratio of Ca/F2 is 1, the reaction time is 45 min, the solution pH is 4.5, the reaction temperature is 24 °C, and the stirring speed of 900 r min -1, the fluorine removal rate can reach 83.19%, and the zinc loss rate is about 2%.

Multistage Regulation Strategy via Fluorine-Rich Small Molecules for Realizing High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells.

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are an ideal candidate for next-generation photovoltaic applications but face many challenges for their wider application, including uncontrolled fast crystallization, trap-assisted nonradiative recombination, and inefficient charge transport. Herein, a multistage regulation (MSR) strategy for addressing these challenges is proposed via the introduction of fluorine-rich small molecules with multiple active points (i.e., 1-[Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methyl]- 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzene (TFSP)) into the precursor solution of the perovskite film. The addition of TFSP effectively delays and regulates the crystallization and growth process of the perovskite film for larger grains and fewer defects, and it effectively improves the coverage of self-assembled molecules for efficient charge transport. The multiple active points of TFSP induce a strong binding affinity with uncoordinated defects in the perovskite film. Moreover, the high fluorine content of TFSP induces strong electronegativity to establish a high binding strength between the perovskite film and electron transport layer. Finally, PSCs prepared by the MSR strategy demonstrated an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.46% and maintained 91.16% of the initial PCE under nonpackaged air conditions and at a relative humidity of 45% after 3000h.

Fluorine-Free Binder-Based Dry Thick Electrodes Toward Sustainable and Efficient Libs

Dry electrodes are rigorously developed for sustainable and efficient battery manufacturing. Currently, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) binders dominate dry processes, yet their production contributes to significant CO2 emissions, and concerns persist regarding their high fluorine content, especially in light of evolving Per- and Polyfluorinated Substances (PFAS) restrictions. Moreover, the poor adhesion of bare current collectors necessitates a wet coating-based primer layer. In this study, we introduce an alternative dry processing concept based on a thermoplastic fluorine-free binder with low environmental impact and high productivity. Paraffin, a short-chain family of saturated hydrocarbons known as an n-alkane, is the most stable chemical species owing to its C-H covalent bonds and the wide gap between HOMO-LUMO energies. It also has a low melting temperature, allowing facile cohesion of the active materials to be interconnected by mild pressing activation. This new dry electrode binder provides substantial electrochemical properties based on both NCM cathodes and graphite anodes over 7 mAh cm−2. Furthermore, it implements true solvent-free adhesion without the wet-coating of primers on the current collector. This unique characteristic of paraffin enables a powder-to-electrode manufacturing strategy with pattern coating, which alters the well-known PTFE-based freestanding concept. This integrated approach bridges the gap between materials and processes, paving the way for sustainable advancements in battery electrode technology.

Probing the combustion characteristics of micron-sized aluminum particles enhanced with graphene fluoride

Graphene fluoride (GF) with its two-dimensional structure and high fluorine content on the surface can be used to enhance the combustion characteristics of micron-sized Aluminum (μAl) particles. However, the enhancing mechanisms of GF in Al combustion remain not fully understood. In this work, the effects of GF on combustion temperature, flame emission spectrum, ignition delay time, and condensed combustion products (CCPs) size of μAl were studied using laser ignition and optical diagnostic experiments. The combustion characteristics of GF- or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-modified μAl composite particles were compared to elucidate the ignition and combustion mechanism of different fluorides. The results show that the thermal decomposition behavior and the energy distribution among excited Al atoms differ significantly between GF and PTFE. Compared with PTFE, GF and its decomposition products have stronger excitation ability for high energy Al atoms, which is conducive to increasing the combustion temperature of particle flame. In addition, the ignition delay time and CCPs size of Al/GF are approximately 49∼66 % and 10 % less than those of Al/PTFE, respectively. These results provide a fundamental understanding and data support for the application of functionalized graphene in metal fuels and solid propellants.

Superhydrophilic Fluorinated Polymer Probe for Zero-Background 19F MRI with Adaptable Targeting Ability.

19F magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI), with zero background, high tissue penetration depth, excellent spatial resolution, and nonradioactive features, has attracted considerable attention but faces tough challenges due to the shortage of sensitive and selective targetable probes. Herein, we report a biocompatible and highly sensitive 19F MRI probe with an adaptable tumor-targeting ability. The fluorine-grafted polymer (PIBMA-FSON) probes were rich with sulfoxide and carboxy groups, containing a high fluorine content (∼17 wt %). The probes exhibit superhydrophilicity, strong 19F MRI signals (enhancement of ∼95-fold), long transverse relaxation time (T2, 422 ms), and excellent 19F MRI capability. Conjugation using a targeting peptide (Arg-Gly-Asp, RGD) afforded ultrasmall soft polymer probes (PIBMA-FSON-RGD) with superhydrophilicity and tumor-targeting ability suitable for the 19F MRI of orthotopic bladder cancer. Amidification of 5% of the carboxylate units with oleylamine resulted in PIBMAOAm-FSON nanoprobes (NPs) via self-assembly, displaying different targeting toward subcutaneous tumors. Further grafting with near-infrared (NIR) dyes renders the probe suitable for NIR-fluorescence and 19F MRI dual-modality imaging. This study provides a suitable approach for designing highly sensitive and zero-background 19F MRI probes with a tunable tumor-targeting ability.

Microbial communities of urban and industrial polluted soils in the Russian Arctic

The Russian Arctic presents a unique environment for studying the effects of anthropogenic pressure on soil microbial communities under severe climatic conditions. This study investigated the impact of chemical pollution on soil microbial properties by comparing urban and industrially polluted soils in Murmansk region with natural Podzols. Urban soils exhibited significant alterations, including shifts in pH and increased carbon and nutrient contents compared to natural soils. Industrially polluted soils near the copper‑nickel smelter were characterized by elevated heavy metal concentration, while those near the aluminum smelter showed high fluorine and aluminum content. In both cases, carbon content and pH remained similar to natural soils. Industrial emissions significantly changed the soil microbiome, with effects varying depending on the pollution source and chemical composition of the emissions. Soils near the copper‑nickel smelter showed a decline in bacterial gene copies and actinomycete mycelium length, with a predominance of Chloroflexii and Ascomycota. Conversely, soils near the aluminum smelter exhibited less pronounced changes, with Proteobacteria and Basidiomycota being prevalent. Despite these differences, both industrially impacted sites displayed reduced microbial diversity, regardless of the composition of the emissions. In contrast, urban soils demonstrated increased microbial diversity, likely attributed to the emergence of new, favorable ecological niches. Microbial communities in both cities were similar, dominated by Proteobacteria and Ascomycota, and displayed an increase in bacterial gene copies compared to natural soils. These findings highlight the contrasting influences of urban and industrial development on soil microbial communities. While industrial activities suppress microbial life, urbanization fosters the creation of new niches, promoting microbial diversity. This underscores the potential of urban soils to support diverse microbial communities, which is crucial for sustainable development and ecological strategies in Arctic cities.

Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Fluorosilicone Polymers by Using an Optimized Gradient Ring-Opening Reaction.

Fluorosilicone rubber is essential for sealing in extreme temperatures and non-polar environments due to its exceptional adaptability. However, achieving a high yield of fluorosilicone polymers with medium and high fluorine content remains a challenge. Herein, a facile gradient strategy is developed that involves modifying the method of cyclic monomer addition based on the rate of ring-opening polymerization (ROP), to improve yield and adjust fluorine content precisely. The polymerization process is designed and tailored based on the reaction rates of anionic ring-opening polymerization (AROP) and cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) via an efficient gradient strategy. The effects of the polymerization process on the viscosity and yield of vinyl fluorosilicone polymers and hydrofluorosilicone polymers are investigated and optimized. Notably, the as-prepared vinyl-terminated fluoromethylsilane with 60% fluorine content (FMS-Vi-60F) has a high yield (86.6%) and high viscosity (150000 mPa·s) in a short reaction time, which is superior to previous methods. Clearly, the gradient ring-opening method developed in this work provides a facile and efficient synthesis for fabricating fluorosilicone polymers with a high yield and tunable fluorine content.

The Influence of Fluoride Ions on the Forms of Lanthanide Migration in Natural and Polluted Waters of the Lovozero Massif (The Kola Peninsula)

A comprehensive study (monitoring, thermodynamic modeling) of natural and anthropogenically polluted waters of the Lovozero Massif has been carried out. A thermodynamic study of the weathering of the Lovozero Massif within the “water-rock-atmosphere” system at a temperature of 5 °C showed that the elements contained in the rocks of the studied massif influence the formation of the chemical composition of natural waters. It has been established that an increase in the degree of “water-rock” interaction leads to an increase in the concentrations of F−, Cl−, SO42−, and HCO3− in the solution. This affects the mobility of lanthanum, cerium, and other elements due to the formation of complex compounds with them. The relatively high content of fluorine, phosphorus, and HCO3− (weak and medium acids) in the solution promotes the dissolution of silicates while Si, Al, and P are released into the solution. Monitoring of water from a flooded mine in which there is an increase in the degree of interaction of water with rock showed higher pH values for the concentrations of Na, HCO3−, F−, P, Al, Si, V, U, La, and Ce. The conclusions are relevant in the context of the use of groundwater for drinking water supply purposes. The obtained information is useful to evaluate the health of the population of the region under study.

A new aspect of the effect of fluorine doping on structural and superconducting properties in the Bi2Sr1.6La0.4CuO5+δ(O1-xFx) ceramic system

In this study, ceramic samples with the nominal composition Bi2Sr1.6La0.4CuO5+δ(O1-xFx) (where x = 0, 0.2 and 0.4) were synthesized using the solid-state reaction method to investigate the effects of fluorine anionic doping on the Bi-2201 system's structural, microstructural, and superconducting properties. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) confirmed the Bi-2201 phase in all samples and total incorporation of fluorine. Doping with fluorine reduced orthorhombicity, leading to an orthorhombic-tetragonal transition. Scanning electron microscopy (EDS) revealed changes in grain shape and size, while energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX) confirmed fluorine incorporation. DC-electrical resistivity measurements showed that fluorine doping decreased the critical transition temperature TC (Onset), with a greater decrease observed at higher fluorine concentrations. The resistivity increase in the normal state of the sample with x = 0.4 was also noted. The conduction mechanism above TC (Onset) = 26.10 K followed the Arrhenius law, indicating thermally activated behavior due to a band gap.

Aggregation-Induced Emission Enhancement and Solid-State Photoswitching of Crystalline Carbazole N-Salicylidene Anilines.

The development of fluorescent stimuli-responsive organic materials has attracted substantial interest due to their increasing optoelectronic applications. This study systematically introduces fluorine atoms on one end of carbazole-based N-salicylidene anilines 5a-5f to elucidate the impact in their solution and solid-state photophysics. The addition of fluorine atoms at one end of the molecule induced significant changes, for example, a reduction in the quantum yield (QY) fluorescence emission in solution, going from QY near unity in compound 5a (QY ∼ 100%) to a negligible emission in 5f (QY < 1%). Similarly, compound 5a showed a very strong aggregation-induced enhancement emission behavior, whereas compounds with a higher fluorine content were almost quenched. Furthermore, the crystalline solid-state photoisomerization in N-salicylidene anilines is not trivial, and only compounds with three (5e) and five fluorine atoms (5f) exhibited reversible solid-state photoisomerization under 405 nm light source irradiation. We propose that the presence of the arene-perfluoroarene interaction in the crystalline array facilitates the latter behavior. Our findings present a comprehensive study of crystal engineering for the obtention of photoswitchable crystalline materials and adjustable photophysics response, paving the way for its implementation in other systems.

Hyperbranched Polymeric 19F MRI Contrast Agents with Long T2 Relaxation Time Based on β-Cyclodextrin and Phosphorycholine.

19F magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) is gaining attention as an emerging diagnostic technology. Effective 19F MRI contrast agents (CAs) for in vivo applications require a long transverse (or spin-spin) relaxation time (T2), short longitudinal (or spin-lattice) relaxation time (T1), high fluorine content, and excellent biocompatibility. Here, we present a novel hyperbranched polymeric 19F MRI CA based on β-cyclodextrin and phosphorylcholine. The influence of the branching degree and fluorine content on T2 was thoroughly investigated. Results demonstrated a maximum fluorine content of 11.85% and a T2 of 612 ms. This hyperbranched polymeric 19F MRI CA exhibited both great biocompatibility against cells and organs of mice and high-performance imaging capabilities both in vitro and in vivo. The research provides positive insights into the synthesis strategies, topological design, and selection of fluorine tags for 19F MRI CAs.

Trifluorovinyl-ether (TFVE) substituted side-chain polynorbornene for preparing crosslinked polymer with high performance

Characteristics and properties of polynorbornene can be regulated through side-chain engineering. In this contribution, a linear polynorbornene (PNI-TFVE) containing trifluorovinyl-ether (TFVE) side groups was synthesized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization. This linear polynorbornene was soluble in common organic solvents and showed good film-forming ability. Upon thermal post-polymerization, this linear PNI-TFVE can be easily transformed into crosslinked polynorbornene (PNI-PFCB) with perfluorocyclobutyl linkers. The resulted PNI-PFCB exhibited outstanding thermal stability with ultra-high glass transition temperature above 350 °C and a 5 % weight loss temperature of 479 °C. Due to the high crosslinking density and high fluorine content of PFCB, crosslinked PNI-PFCB also exhibited low thermal expansion of 73 ppm °C−1, as well as favourable storage modulus and hydrophobicity.

Cryolite as a Reference Mineral of Rare Metal Mineralization: An Experimental Study

Phase relations and the distributions of rare earth elements (REE), Sc, Y, and Li between aluminofluoride and aluminosilicate melts in the model granite system Si–Al–Na–K–Li–F–O–H were experimentally studied at 700°C, 1 and 2 kbar, and water contents of 3 to 50 wt %. Our original and available literature experimental data on phase relations in the granite system saturated with water and fluorine and containing trace elements are compared with the mineral assemblages of rare-metal cryolite-bearing granites from the Zashikhinsky, Katugin, and Ulug-Tanzek deposits in eastern Siberia. Liquid immiscibility between granite and salt aluminofluoride melts, which occurs at high contents of fluorine and lithium in the system, is proved to facilitate the accumulation of rare elements in salt cryolite-like melts. At a temperature of 700°C and pressures of 1 and 2 kbar, aluminofluoride melt in the granite system crystallizes and forms cryolite. Fluorine-bearing minerals of trace and rare earth elements, such as pyrochlore and gagarinite, occur at these deposits in association with cryolite and lithium micas. Comparison of experimental data and natural observations provides arguments in support of the hypothesis that liquid immiscibility should play an important role in the formation of cryolite. Cryolite is thought to be able to serve as a reference mineral for rare metal-rare earth mineralization in granites with high lithium and fluorine content.

Self-assembling dendrimer nanosystems for specific fluorine magnetic resonance imaging and effective theranostic treatment of tumors

Fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (19F-MRI) is particularly promising for biomedical applications owing to the absence of fluorine in most biological systems. However, its use has been limited by the lack of safe and water-soluble imaging agents with high fluorine contents and suitable relaxation properties. We report innovative 19F-MRI agents based on supramolecular dendrimers self-assembled by an amphiphilic dendrimer composed of a hydrophobic alkyl chain and a hydrophilic dendron. Specifically, this amphiphilic dendrimer bears multiple negatively charged terminals with high fluorine content, which effectively prevented intra- and intermolecular aggregation of fluorinated entities via electrostatic repulsion. This permitted high fluorine nuclei mobility alongside good water solubility with favorable relaxation properties for use in 19F-MRI. Importantly, the self-assembling 19F-MRI agent was able to encapsulate the near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) agent DiR and the anticancer drug paclitaxel for multimodal 19F-MRI and NIRF imaging of and theranostics for pancreatic cancer, a deadly disease for which there remains no adequate early detection method or efficacious treatment. The 19F-MRI and multimodal 19F-MRI and NIRF imaging studies on human pancreatic cancer xenografts in mice confirmed the capability of both imaging modalities to specifically image the tumors and demonstrated the efficacy of the theranostic agent in cancer treatment, largely outperforming the clinical anticancer drug paclitaxel. Consequently, these dendrimer nanosystems constitute promising 19F-MRI agents for effective cancer management. This study offers a broad avenue to the construction of 19F-MRI agents and theranostics, exploiting self-assembling supramolecular dendrimer chemistry.

Charge amplification in low pressure CF4:SF6:He mixtures with a multi-mesh ThGEM for directional dark matter searches

The CYGNO collaboration is developing next generation directional Dark Matter (DM) detection experiments, using gaseous Time Projection Chambers (TPCs), as a robust method for identifying Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) below the Neutrino Fog. SF6 is potentially ideal for this since it provides a high fluorine content, enhancing sensitivity to spin-dependent interactions and, as a Negative Ion Drift (NID) gas, reduces charge diffusion leading to improved positional resolution. CF4, although not a NID gas, has also been identified as a favourable gas target as it provides a scintillation signal which can be used for a complimentary light/charge readout approach. These gases can operate at low pressures to elongate Nuclear Recoil (NR) tracks and facilitate directional measurements. In principle, He could be added to low pressure SF6/CF4 without significant detriment to the length of 16S, 12C, and 19F recoils. This would improve the target mass, sensitivity to lower WIMP masses, and offer the possibility of atmospheric operation; potentially reducing the cost of a containment vessel. In this article, we present gas gain and energy resolution measurements, taken with a Multi-Mesh Thick Gaseous Electron Multiplier (MMThGEM), in low pressure SF6 and CF4:SF6 mixtures following the addition of He. We find that the CF4:SF6:He mixtures tested were able to produce gas gains on the order of 104 up to a total pressure of 100 Torr. These results demonstrate an order of magnitude improvement [1] in charge amplification in NID gas mixtures with a He component.

«Lace Miracle», lichens as an indicator of the ecological situation using the example of Turkey Creek, Florida

In this article, we took a walk-exploration of a piece of paradise called Turkey Creek in the center of Florida. Enjoying the spring period of the awakening of nature, accompanied by a multitude of birds and other unique sounds of the inhabitants of Turkey Creek, we paid special attention to the diversity of lichens, which, as bioindicators, react and reflect the state and quality of the environment. Lichens are very sensitive to air pollution and die when there is a high content of carbon monoxide, sulfur compounds, nitrogen and fluorine. The degree of sensitivity varies among species, so they can be used as living indicators of environmental cleanliness. Based on the composition of lichens, the concentration of various pollutants in the air can be quantified using developed scales and formulas. Lichens are a unique group of lower plants. Lichens combine two organisms with opposite properties: an alga (usually green), which creates organic matter through the process of photosynthesis, and a fungus that consumes this substance. Lichens are characterized by fairly high tolerance to climatic factors and sensitivity to environmental pollutants and are widely used as environmental indicators. Lichens contain many macro- and microelements, organic acids, hormones and enzymes. Vitamins are produced by lichens in very small quantities. Lichens produce specific substances that are not found in other organisms (lichen starch, lichen acids, etc.). Lichens have the ability to extract various elements from the environment and accumulate in their thallus. The number of currently known lichen substances exceeds 250, of which 75 are found only in lichens. Lichens are indicators of the environmental situation. Our goal is to find out whether recreational load affects the state of the environment in people’s recreation areas. We carried out our study of the state of the environment in the state of Florida in the Turkey Creek natural park. This territory was chosen because the natural complexes of the area are characterized by high environment-forming, environmental, and recreational significance. In the last decade, the anthropogenic load on ecosystems associated with the recreational use of the territory has been increasing. It is worth familiarizing yourself with the types of lichens that were seen in the study area.

Effects of filler content on non-linear viscoelasticity of high fluorine content fluoroelastomer mixture investigated through large amplitude oscillatory shear tests

Effects of filler content on non-linear viscoelasticity of high fluorine content fluoroelastomer mixture investigated through large amplitude oscillatory shear tests

Identification and quantification of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) migrating from food contact materials (FCM)

Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) can be added to food contact materials (FCM) to increase their water and/or grease repellent properties. Some well-known PFAS are perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCA), perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSA), and polyfluorinated telomer alcohols (FTOH). Due to the strength of the carbon-fluorine bond, PFAS are chemically very stable and highly resistant to biological degradation, posing a risk to human health and the environment.To examine the presence of PFAS in paper-based FCM, various samples were collected, including popcorn bags, muffin cups, and pizza boxes with high total organic fluorine (TOF) content from the Danish and Spanish markets. The FCM composition was characterised by FTIR. Quantification of some well-known PFAS such as PFCA, PFSA, and FTOH was performed in food simulants using LC-MS/MS, and in addition a non-targeted screening approach was performed by LC-Orbitrap-HRMS.Among analysed samples, the highest concentrations of PFAS were found in a muffin cup made of cellulose (PFCA ∼ 1.41 μg kg−1 food, FTOH ∼ 11.5 μg kg−1 food), and the results were used to estimate dietary exposures to PFAS migrated from this FCM. Compared to measured TOF value in this sample, the fluorine from all quantified PFAS accounted for only 0.6%. Thus, a more powerful analytical approach was used to further investigate PFAS occurrence in this sample. Using non-targeted screening, an additional twenty compounds were identified, among them five with confidence level 1 and ten with confidence level 2. Many of them were either fluorotelomer carboxylic acids or sulfonic acids or ether-containing compounds.