Higher Fasting Blood Glucose Levels Research Articles

Plasma fibrinogen: a driver of left ventricular remodeling in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis and its related risk factors

Background and aim Plasma fibrinogen has been proven to be significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). The study aimed to investigate the role of fibrinogen in left ventricular (LV) remodeling and functions in patients on PD, and explore risk factors related to high fibrinogen level. Methods From February 2008 to July 2018, adult patients on regular PD for at least 1 month were recruited and followed up for two years. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the fibrinogen level and echocardiography measurements. Pathogenic factors correlated to the left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) progression were explored by logistic regression models and the role of fibrinogen in it was verified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Linear regression models were conducted to identify factors associated with fibrinogen level. Results A total of 278 patients undergoing PD (168 males, 60.4%) were recruited. Patients were trisected according to fibrinogen levels at baseline. Mean wall thickness (MWT), relative wall thickness (RWT), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were positively associated with fibrinogen level while E/A ratio was negatively associated with it. Multivariate logistic regression and ROC curve showed that fibrinogen was an independent risk factor for LVH progression. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified age, total cholesterol (CHO), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were significantly related to plasma fibrinogen level. Conclusions An elevated fibrinogen level was independently associated with LVH progression in patients undergoing PD. Older age, higher level of FBG, CHO, and hsCRP were risk factors for elevated plasma fibrinogen level.

Body mass index and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Korean adults before and after the COVID-19 outbreak: a retrospective longitudinal study.

Studies evaluating weight changes during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have yielded inconsistent results, and most of those studies were based on self-reported anthropometric measures. We investigated changes in body mass index (BMI), professionally measured waist circumference (WC), and metabolic syndrome components from before to during the pandemic in a sample of the adult population in Korea. This retrospective study included 1,118 male and female (age≥18 years) who underwent health checkups at a university medical center between January 1, 2016 and March 31, 2022. Changes in BMI, lifestyles, and metabolic syndrome components during the pandemic were analyzed using the paired t-test, McNemar test, generalized estimating equations, and repeated-measures analysis of variance. Changes in body weight, BMI, and body fat percentage during the pandemic were not clinically significant. However, statistically significant results were found for decreased physical activity (p<0.001) and WC (p<0.001), and exacerbation of all metabolic syndrome components (except serum triglyceride levels). Moreover, the metabolic syndrome prevalence increased significantly from 20.2% to 31.2% during the pandemic (p<0.001). The prevalence of abdominal obesity and high fasting blood glucose levels also significantly increased from 2019 to 2021. Metabolic syndrome, its components, and fat distribution worsened significantly after the implementation of social distancing and lockdowns, despite no clinically significant changes in body weight and BMI. Further studies on the post- pandemic period should investigate the long-term impact of social lockdowns on BMI and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.

Sex Differences among Overweight/Obese Kidney Transplant Recipients Requiring Oxygen Support Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background and Objectives: Overweight/obesity puts individuals at greater risk for COVID-19 progression and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the impact of overweight/obesity on oxygen (O2) requirement outcomes of male and female kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of a cohort of KTRs diagnosed with COVID-19. Participants were stratified based on BMI categories, and data on the need for O2 therapy outcome were collected and analyzed separately for male and female KTRs. Results: In total, 284 KTRs (97 males and 187 females) were included in the study. Overweight/obesity was observed in 60.6% of male KTRs and 71% of female KTRs. Strikingly, overweight/obese women had a significantly higher requirement for supplemental O2 (63.3% vs. 41.7%, OR = 2.45, p = 0.03), particularly among older individuals (OR = 1.05, p = 0.04), smokers (OR = 4.55, p = 0.03), those with elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (OR = 1.01, p = 0.006), and those with lower admission and basal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels. Within this cohort, the necessity for O2 supplementation was correlated with more unfavorable outcomes. These included heightened mortality rates, transfers to the intensive care unit, employment of invasive mechanical ventilation, and the emergence of acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis. On the other hand, although overweight/obese male KTRs had a higher prevalence of hypertension and higher fasting blood glucose levels, no significant association was found with COVID-19-related outcomes when compared to lean male KTRs. Conclusions: Overweight/obesity is highly prevalent in KTRs, and overweight/obese women demonstrated a higher need for supplemental O2. Therefore, the early identification of factors that predict a worse outcome in overweight/obese female KTRs affected by COVID-19 contributes to risk stratification and guides therapeutic decisions.

Genetic Association Study of Stat4 Polymorphisms and Type 1 Diabetes in Pakistani Children

The present study investigated the relationship of STAT4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs7574685, rs10181656, and rs3821236 with T1D susceptibility visiting tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. One hundred and fifty-five T1D patients and one hundred and five healthy individuals were enrolled. An expert endocrinologist collected the clinical data of T1D patients. The genotyping of three potential STAT4 SNPs was performed through Tetra ARMS-PCR assay. The relationship between SNPs and T1D susceptibility under several genetic models, including dominant, recessive, and codominant models, was assessed by regression analysis. All clinical features of T1D demonstrate a significant difference from control groups (P&lt;0.01) except blindness. The characteristic biochemical analysis determined that participants with T1D had significantly higher fasting blood glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels than the control group (P&lt;0.01). Genetic analysis of rs7574685 depicts GT genotype was found to be the risk allele for the development of T1D when compared to the control group. For rs10181656 and rs3821236, the GC genotype and GA genotype were observed to be the risk alleles in the T1D cases as compared to the control group (P=0.04, P&lt;0.01, respectively). Genetic models showed that the STAT4 GG genotype of rs7574685 in the dominant model (OR=1.73, 95% CI=1.05-2.86), GC genotype of rs10181656 in the codominant model (OR=2.079, 95 % CI=1.16-3.71), and AA genotype of rs3821236 showed significant risk association with T1D (OR=3.486, 95% CI=1.72-7.03). It is concluded that the risk of T1D is highly correlated with the STAT4 variants of rs7574685 and rs10181656 among children of the Pakistani population.

Diabetes, fasting blood glucose and the efficacy of remote ischaemic conditioning: A secondary analysis of the RICAMIS trial.

To investigate whether diabetes and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels affect the efficacy of remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC) using the database included in the Remote Ischaemic Conditioning for Acute Moderate Ischaemic Stroke (RICAMIS) trial. A total of 1707 patients were enrolled in this post hoc study, including 535 patients with diabetes and 1172 without diabetes. Each group was further divided into RIC and control subgroups. The primary outcome was excellent functional outcome, defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0 to 1 at 90 days. The difference in the proportion of patients with excellent functional outcome between the RIC subgroup and control subgroup was compared in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, respectively, and the interactions of treatment assignment with diabetes status and FBG were evaluated. Compared with the control group, RIC produced a significantly higher proportion of patients with excellent functional outcome in the non-diabetic group (70.5% vs. 63.2%; odds ratio [OR] 1.487, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.134-1.949; P = 0.004), while a similar, but not significant difference was observed in the diabetic group (65.3% vs. 59.8%; OR 1.424, 95% CI 0.978-2.073; P = 0.065). Similar results were observed in patients with normal FBG levels (69.3% vs. 63.7%; OR 1.363, 95% CI 1.011-1.836; P = 0.042) and those with high FBG levels (64.2% vs. 58%; OR 1.550, 95% CI 1.070-2.246; P = 0.02). Furthermore, we did not find an interaction effect of intervention (RIC or control) by different diabetes status or FBG levels on clinical outcomes (P > 0.05 for all). However, diabetes (OR 0.741, 95% CI 0.585-0.938; P = 0.013) and high FBG (OR 0.715, 95% CI 0.553-0.925; P = 0.011) were independently associated with functional outcomes in patients overall. Diabetes and FBG levels did not influence the neuroprotective effect of RIC in acute moderate ischaemic stroke, although diabetes and high FBG levels were independently associated with functional outcomes.

Cognitive assessment in patients with acute COVID-19: A cross-sectional study

Purpose: Many reports have revealed a high percentage of patients suffering from cognitive impairment due to COVID-19. However, data are limited at the acute phase of COVID-19. We investigated cognitive functions using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in mild COVID-19 patients compared with non-COVID-19 patients within 5 days after the initial respiratory symptoms of infection.&#x0D; Materıals and Methods: 113 patients with mild COVID-19 and 109 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in this prospective cross-sectional study. Cognitive functions were evaluated using the MoCA.&#x0D; Results: We found that the MoCA scores were significantly lower in the COVID-19 patients than in the controls (P &lt; 0.001). Compared with the controls, we found point deficits within some MoCA items such as visuospatial (P &lt; 0.001), memory (P = 0.017), and attention (P &lt; 0.048) domains. In the multivariate model, female sex (2.06 [1.02–4.16], P = 0.044), low education level (150.05 [5.16–43.90], P &lt; 0.001), high fasting blood glucose level (0.98 [0.96–1.00], P = 0.043), and the presence of COVID-19 (24.24 [9.52–61.72], P &lt; 0.001) were independently associated with cognitive impairment (OR, 95% CI).&#x0D; Conclusion: We detected cognitive dysfunction, involving the visuospatial domain, memory, and attention, during the acute phase in patients with mild COVID-19.

The prevalence of underweight and obesity in Chinese children and adolescents with major depressive disorder and relationship with suicidal ideation and attempted suicide.

The high rates of obesity and suicide have become serious public health problems worldwide, especially in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). This research aimed to explore the rates of underweight, overweight or obesity, suicidal ideation and attempted suicide in hospitalized children and adolescents with MDD. Then, we analyzed the correlation between underweight or obesity and suicidal ideation and attempted suicide, and finally obtained the independent influencing factors of underweight or obesity. A total of 757 subjects in the Third People's Hospital of Fuyang from January 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled in this study. According to the underweight, overweight and obesity screening table for school-age children and adolescents published and implemented by the health industry standard of China, all subjects were divided into different body mass index (BMI) categories. We measured fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid levels in all subjects and assessed suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, and the severity of depressive symptoms. The socio-demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed by SPSS 22.0. The rates of underweight, overweight, obesity, suicidal ideation and attempted suicide were 8.2% (62/757), 15.5% (117/757), 10.4% (79/757), 17.2% (130/757), and 9.9% (75/757), respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that BMIs level was positively correlated with age, age of first hospitalization, total duration of disease, number of hospitalizations, FBG, TG (triglyceride), TC (total cholesterol), LDL (low density lipoprotein), and negatively correlated with HDL (high density lipoprotein). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that male and high level of HDL were risk factors for MDD inpatients with underweight, while high level of TG was a protective factor. Meanwhile, higher levels of FBG, TG and CGI-S were risk factors and suicidal ideation and high dose of antidepressant drugs were protective factors for obesity in children and adolescents with MDD. The prevalence of underweight, obesity, suicidal ideation and attempted suicide were high in children and adolescents with MDD, and severe depressive symptoms are independent risk factors for obesity, while suicidal ideation and high dose of antidepressants may be protective factors for obesity.

Analysis of independent risk factors for progression of different degrees of diabetic retinopathy as well as non-diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients.

To study the independent risk factors for development of different degrees of diabetic retinopathy (DR) as well as non-DR (NDR) among type 2 diabetic patients. This cross-sectional study included 218 patients with type 2 diabetes between January 2022 and June 2022. All the patients were divided into two groups: the DR group and the NDR group. The DR group was subdivided into the mild, moderate and severe non-proliferative DR (NPDR) group and the proliferative DR (PDR) group. Data recorded for all patients included age, gender, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipids, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and renal function. Logistic regression methods were used to analyze the risk factors for DR. The prevalence of DR in type 2 diabetes was 28.44%. The duration of diabetes, age, mean arterial pressure (MAP), HbA1c, FBG, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR), BCVA, AL, and ACD were significantly different between the DR and the NDR groups (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age, FBG, UACR, and AL as the independent risk factors for DR (OR = 0.843, 2.376, 1.049, 0.005; p = 0.034, 0.014, 0.016, p < 0.001). Young age, short AL, higher levels of FBG and UACR were the independent risk factors for the progression of DR in type 2 diabetes.

KCNQ1 rs2237892 polymorphism modify the association between short-term ambient particulate matter exposure and fasting blood glucose: A family-based study

BackgroundThe association between particulate matter and fasting blood glucose (FBG) has shown conflicting results. Genome-wide association studies have shown that KCNQ1 rs2237892 polymorphism is associated with the risk of diabetes. Whether KCNQ1 rs2237892 polymorphism might modify the association between particulate matter and FBG is still uncertain. MethodsData collected from a family-based cohort study in Northern China, were used to perform the analysis. A generalized additive Gaussian model was used to examine the short-term effects of air pollutants on FBG. We further conducted interaction analyses by including a cross-product term of air pollutants by rs2237892 within KCNQ1 gene. ResultsA total of 4418 participants were included in the study. In the single pollutant model, the FBG level increased 0.0031 mmol/L with per 10 μg/m3 elevation in fine particular matter (PM2.5) for lag 0 day. After additional adjustments for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), similar results were observed for lag 0–2 days. As for particulate matter with particle size below 10 μm (PM10), the significant association between the daily average concentration of the pollutant and FBG level was observed for lag 0–3 days. Additionally, rs2237892 in KCNQ1 gene modified the association between PM and FBG level. The higher risk of FBG levels associated with elevations in PM10 and PM2.5 were more evident as the number of risk allele C increased. Individuals with a CC genotype had the highest risk of elevation in FBG levels. ConclusionShort-term exposures to PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with higher FBG levels. Additionally, rs2237892 in KCNQ1 gene might modify the association between the air pollutants and FBG levels.

Metabolic Health, Obesity, and Intraocular Pressure.

Obesity has been associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP), but the results are inconsistent. Recently, a subgroup of obese individuals with good metabolic profiles were suggested to have better clinical outcomes than normal-weight individuals with metabolic diseases. The relationships between IOP and different combinations of obesity and metabolic health status have not been investigated. Therefore, we investigated the IOP among groups with different combinations of obesity status and metabolic health status. We examined 20,385 adults aged 19 to 85 years at the Health Promotion Center of Seoul St. Mary's Hospital between May 2015 and April 2016. Individuals were categorized into four groups according to obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) and metabolic health status (defined based on prior medical history or abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high blood pressure, or high fasting blood glucose levels upon medical examination). ANOVA and ANCOVA were performed to compare the IOP among the subgroups. The IOP of the metabolically unhealthy obese group (14.38 ± 0.06 mmHg) was the highest, followed by that of the metabolically unhealthy normal-weight group (MUNW, 14.22 ± 0.08 mmHg), then, the metabolically healthy groups (p < 0.001; 13.50 ± 0.05 mmHg and 13.06 ± 0.03 mmHg in the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically healthy normal-weight groups, respectively). Subjects who were metabolically unhealthy showed higher IOP compared to their counterparts who were metabolically healthy at all BMI levels, and there was a linear increase in IOP as the number of metabolic disease components increased, but no difference between normal-weight vs. obese individuals. While obesity, metabolic health status, and each component of metabolic disease were associated with higher IOP, those who were MUNW showed higher IOP than those who were MHO, which indicates that metabolic status has a greater impact than obesity on IOP.

Predicting the Risk of Insulin-Requiring Gestational Diabetes before Pregnancy: A Model Generated from a Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea.

The severity of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. We aimed to generate a risk model for predicting insulin-requiring GDM before pregnancy in Korean women. A total of 417,210 women who received a health examination within 52 weeks before pregnancy and delivered between 2011 and 2015 were recruited from the Korean National Health Insurance database. The risk prediction model was created using a sample of 70% of the participants, while the remaining 30% were used for internal validation. Risk scores were assigned based on the hazard ratios for each risk factor in the multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model. Six risk variables were selected, and a risk nomogram was created to estimate the risk of insulin-requiring GDM. A total of 2,891 (0.69%) women developed insulin-requiring GDM. Age, body mass index (BMI), current smoking, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol, and γ-glutamyl transferase were significant risk factors for insulin-requiring GDM and were incorporated into the risk model. Among the variables, old age, high BMI, and high FBG level were the main contributors to an increased risk of insulin-requiring GDM. The concordance index of the risk model for predicting insulin-requiring GDM was 0.783 (95% confidence interval, 0.766 to 0.799). The validation cohort's incidence rates for insulin-requiring GDM were consistent with the risk model's predictions. A novel risk engine was generated to predict insulin-requiring GDM among Korean women. This model may provide helpful information for identifying high-risk women and enhancing prepregnancy care.

Relation of Red Cell Distribution Width to Glucose Metabolism and Adverse Long-Term Prognosis in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Red cell distribution width (RDW) reflects the heterogeneity of red blood cell size. However, few studies examined whether RDW is related to glucose metabolism indices, such as fasting blood glucose (FBG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), diabetic mellitus (DM) state or long-term outcomes of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. A total of 448 consecutive patients with ACS were enrolled in this study. All patients were followed up for major cardiovascular adverse events (MACEs), and the mean follow-up was 952 days. Linear regression analysis showed that RDW inversely correlated with FBG but not HbA1c or DM. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis demonstrated that higher RDW levels were significantly positively associated with MACEs in the whole study population and the ACS patients with high FBG but not the low FBG group. Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed the independent function of RDW on MACEs in all ACS patients and ACS patients with high FBG. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated the optimal cutoff value of RDW for MACEs. We first reported that higher RDW was associated with decreased FBG but not HbA1c or DM and an increased risk of MACEs in patients with ACS. This relationship was also found in ACS patients with higher FBG levels but not in ACS patients with lower FBG.

261. COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus: Glycemic Control and Risk Factors for Mortality, experience from Pakistan.

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by glucose dysregulation by insulin deficiency or resistance. DM is one of the risk factors and found to be associated with high mortality in patients with corona virus disease-19 (Covid-19). There are challenges in managing poorly controlled DM among Covid-19 patients. Our aim is to highlight the effect of Covid-19 and DM on each other by studying glycemic control and risk factors for mortality. Methods This study is a single center retrospective observational review from Pakistan. Covid-19 diagnosed patients admitted during the months of March 2020 to March 2021were included. The patients were divided into DM and non-DM. Demographics, clinical variables and outcome were collected and compared between these groups. Glycemic control during hospitalization (blood sugar level fasting and pre-meal twice a day) was noted. Fasting glucose level &amp;gt;120 mg/dl, and random &amp;gt;200 mg/dl were considered as poor glycemic control. Survivors and non- survivors among DM patients were compared. Results A total of 366 patients were included in this study, 113(30.87%) were DM and 253(69.12%) were non-DM. Mean age was comparable in two groups, however, patients in DM group were older (age &amp;gt;45 years, p=value 0.039). Significantly more patients with hypertension (p value&amp;lt; 0.001) and ischemic heart disease (p value&amp;lt; 0.001) developed Covid-19 in DM group. There was no difference in mortality among both groups (p=0.29). (Table 1) .In DM patients, the significant risk factors for mortality were age &amp;gt;60years, hypertension and renal disease. High fasting and pre-dinner blood glucose levels (mean) obtained at admission and day 5 were significantly associated with mortality. (Table2). Conclusion Diabetic patients with advanced age and concomitant other comorbid conditions is associated with increased risk of death. In diabetic patients, more attention should be focus on dynamic monitoring and strict glycemic control as severe COVID 19 infection and its treatment with steroids can have a negative impact on outcome. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.

Body Mass Index is The Most Associated Anthropometry Indicators of Obesity with Insulin Resistance in Female College Students

Background: Dysfunction of body tissues due to excessive food consumption is often referred to obesity. Excess storage of visceral fat can develop insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is associated with cardiovascular diseases. Anthropometric measurements can illustrate the early risk of insulin resistance. The aim of this study is to identify the association between anthropometric indicators and insulin resistance.Materials and Methods: The participants in this study were 163 female students aged 19-24 years who live in Semarang. This is a cross sectional study with a purposive sampling method using the "google form". Anthropometric data that were collected in this study include weight, height, waist cirrcumference, hip, sagittal abdominal diameter. Biochemical data that were collected include blood sugar and insulin levels. The data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation test and Multiple Linear Regression test.Results: Anthropometric indicators with high risk were 72.4% for Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR); 22.1% for Waist Hip Ratio (WHR); 35.6% for Body Mass Index (BMI); 12.2% for Sagittal Abdominal Diameter (SAD) and 55.2% for waist cirrcumference. Meanwhile, subjects with high Fasting Blood Glucose levels was 16.6%, subjects had the Conicity Index (C-Index) at risk was 74.8% and based on the Relative Fat Mass (RFM) it was 23.9% of the participants were at risk of obesity and high Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were 74.2%. Anthropometric indicators of obesity, including Conicity Index, Relative Fat Mass, WHtR, WHR, BMI, SAD, and waist and hip ratio were all positively associated with insulin resistance. Therefore, multivariate analysis showed that an increase in body mass index is an indicator that is most associated with the insulin resistance (p&lt;0,001).Conclusion: Body Mass Index is the anthropometric indicator that is most associated with insulin resistance.

The association between metabolic parameters and evening chronotype and social jetlag in non-shift workers: A meta-analysis.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between evening chronotype and social jetlag (SJL) with obesity, blood glucose and lipid levels in non-shift working adults. The databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Reviews were searched for studies analyzing the metabolic parameters among groups of different chronotypes or SJL until Feb 2022. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to analyze the association between these parameters and chronotypes or SJL. A total of 27 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with morning chronotype, the participants with evening chronotype had higher body mass index (BMI) (WMD= 0.44 kg/m2, 95%CI, 0.30 to 0.57 kg/m2, p<0.001), higher fasting blood glucose level (WMD= 5.83mg/dl, 95%CI, 3.27to 8.38 mg/dl, p<0.001), higher total cholesterol level (WMD= 6.63mg/dl, 95%CI, 0.69 to 12.56 mg/dl, p=0.03), and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level (WMD= -1.80mg/dl, 95%CI, -2.30 to -1.31 mg/dl, p<0.001). Compared with the participants with small SJL, the participants with large SJL had larger waist circumference (WMD= 0.80cm, 95%CI, 0.77 to 0.83cm, p<0.001). Evening chronotype and SJL were associated with obesity and unfavorable metabolic parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022303401.

Diabetes and the Prostate: Elevated Fasting Glucose, Insulin Resistance and Higher Levels of Adrenal Steroids in Prostate Cancer.

Although epidemiological studies suggest a lower prostate cancer incidence rate in patients with type 2 diabetes, cancer survival is markedly reduced. Underlying mechanisms that connect the two diseases are still unclear. Potential links between type 2 diabetes and prostate cancer are hallmarks of the metabolic syndrome, such as hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Therefore, we explored the systemic metabolism of 103 prostate cancer patients with newly diagnosed and yet untreated prostate cancer compared to 107 healthy controls, who were carefully matched for age and BMI. Here, we report that patients with prostate cancer display higher fasting blood glucose levels and insulin resistance, without changes in insulin secretion. With respect to lipid metabolism, serum triglyceride levels were lower in patients with prostate cancer. In addition, we report increased adrenal steroid biosynthesis in these patients. Our results indicate that higher fasting glucose levels in patients with prostate cancer may be explained at least in part by insulin resistance, due to the enhanced synthesis of adrenal steroids.

Dietary patterns and cardiovascular biomarkers in adults with and without type 1 Diabetes mellitus

To identify dietary patterns and assess their association with the presence or absence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and biochemical markers of cardiovascular risk. The study involved patients with T1D and healthy individuals (n=90). Patients with T1D were recruited at the Endocrinology and Diabetes Outpatient Clinic of the Hospital from the Federal University of Ceará (HUWC-UFC) and healthy adult individuals were recruited at the State University of Ceará (UECE) and UFC, in the period from 2016 to 2017. Dietary intake was obtained through 24-hour recalls. Dietary patterns were identified by principal component factor analysis, followed by orthogonal varimax rotation. Poisson regression estimated the prevalence ratios of independent variables in relation to outcomes. Three main patterns were identified: prudent (poultry, fish, tame fruits, whole grains, vegetables, fruits, skimmed milk, and with a negative charge for beef, pork, cereal, legumes, and whole milk), snack (sandwich and fruit smoothie) and western (industrialized drinks, sweets, snacks, and foods rich in fats). Association was observed between prudent pattern with lower HDL cholesterol level; snack pattern with lower fasting blood glucose and higher triglyceride level and the western one with higher fasting blood glucose level. There was no association between patterns and the presence or absence of T1D. The patterns identified were not associated with the presence or absence of T1D, but have been related with HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood glucose.

Higher fasting blood glucose was associated with worse in-hospital clinical outcomes in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage: From a large-scale nationwide longitudinal registry.

Studies that investigated the relationship between fasting blood glucose (FBG) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) outcomes were insufficient. We aimed to investigate the association between FBG level and in-hospital clinical outcomes in patients with primary ICH. A total of 34,507 patients were enrolled in the final study. Compared with the reference group, the ≥6.1 and <7 mmol/L group showed nonsignificant higher in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.69-2.11, p=0.52), and a significant higher proportion of intracranial hematoma evacuation (adjusted OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.26-1.92, p < 0.001). The ≥7 mmol/L group showed both significant higher in-hospital mortality (adjusted OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.42-3.04, p=0.52) and a significant higher proportion of intracranial hematoma evacuation (adjusted OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.78-2.47, p < 0.001). Higher FBG level was correlated with both higher mortality and proportion of evacuation of intracranial hematoma.

Relationship of miRNA‑126 and miRNA‑122 expression with type 2 diabetes mellitus and related glucose metabolism parameters: A systematic review and meta‑analysis.

There are increasing numbers of studies investigating the potential link between microRNAs (miRNAs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk. Based on the prior evidence and the differentially expressed candidate plasma exosome miRNAs in our established discovery study, the current meta-analysis studied miR-126 and miR-122 specifically. The purpose of the present study was to systematically and quantitatively evaluate the relationship of miR-126 and miR-22 expression level with T2DM risk as well as related glucose metabolism parameters. Moreover, the present study was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline (PRISMA 2020 statement). PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure electronic databases were used to identify eligible original studies prior to May 3, 2022. The random-effects models were employed to explore the overall effect estimates [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), or correlation coefficient (r, 95% CI)]. The subgroup analyses were conducted to examine the potential sources of heterogeneity. The potential publication bias was assessed by the Begg's funnel plot and Egger's tests. A total of 46 articles were included in the present meta-analysis. The results revealed that higher exposure level of miR-126 was related to lower T2DM risk in 5 analytical epidemiological studies [OR=0.73, 95% CI: (0.55, 0.96)], lower fasting blood glucose (FBG) [N=22, r=-0.26, 95% CI: (-0.42, -0.10)], and lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index [N=9, r=-0.28, 95% CI: (-0.52, -0.05)]. Besides, positive correlations were observed between miR-122 expression and FBG [N=10, r=0.34, 95% CI: (0.20, 0.48)], as well as HOMA-IR index [N=9, r=0.40, 95% CI: (0.16, 0.64)]. The relationship of miR-126 and miR-122 expression with T2DM risk and these glucose metabolism parameters may be influenced by study types, sample size, different source and mean age of participants. In conclusion, in the general healthy population, higher miR-126 expression was related to lower T2DM risk, FBG level and HOMA-IR index; higher miR-122 expression was closely correlated with higher FBG level and HOMA-IR index. These findings have notable clinical and public health implications for screening and control glucose metabolic disorders, insulin resistance and T2DM development.

The impact of pulmonary tuberculosis on immunological and metabolic features of diabetic patients.

Impaired immune responses have been observed in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which increases susceptibility to tuberculosis infection. However, the effect of the tuberculosis infection on the immunological and metabolic features of T2DM is largely unknown. To investigate this question, age- and sex-matched patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), T2DM, or T2DM combined with PTB were recruited from the Infectious Disease Hospital of Heilongjiang Province between January and September 2020. Healthy subjects were used as controls. Cytokines and chemokines in fasting serum samples were determined using the Quantibody Inflammation Array. Compared with T2DM alone, patients with T2DM combined with PTB have higher fasting blood glucose levels and monocyte counts in circulation. Among the four groups, circulating IL-10 levels peaked in patients with T2DM and PTB (p<0.05). Univariate linear analysis showed that serum IL-10 levels were positively associated with myeloid cells but negatively correlated with lymphocyte counts in these patients (p<0.05). Serum IL-6 levels were 1.6-fold higher in patients with T2DM plus PTB than in those with T2DM alone. In conclusion, PTB infection in patients with T2DM had distinct inflammatory profiles and sustained hyperglycaemia compared with PTB or T2DM alone. IL-10 levels and elevated monocyte counts could be hallmarks of patients with T2DM infected with PTB.