High Energy Storage Properties Research Articles

Electrochemical Performance of MoB/Si3N4 Heterojunction as a Potential Anode Material for Li Ion Batteries.

In response to the current policy of high storage capacity, two-dimensional (2D) materials have revealed promising prospects as high-performance electrode materials. MoB, as a type of such material, is widely regarded as an anode candidate for Li-ion batteries due to its large specific surface area and abundant ion diffusion channels; the long-term cycling stability, however, is poor owing to material pulverization during the cycle. Therefore, MoB/Si3N4 heterojunction in this work is proposed as an anode material, with Si3N4 acting as a skeleton, maintaining the stability of the structure, while retaining the high energy storage properties of MoB as well. In addition, a certain built-in electric field is formed between them, which can play a role in regulating charge transfer, improving the ion transport channel, and accelerating the migration rate. Herein, the structural, electronic, and electrochemical properties are systematically investigated by first-principles calculations; the final results indicate that the heterojunction anode material does indeed have built-in electric fields, which promote the anode material to possess excellent electrical conductivity and outstanding electrochemical property. Meanwhile, the introduction of vacancy defects can bolster the diffusion kinetic performance of ion transport and greatly reduce the diffusion energy barrier of Li ions, which is conducive to the realization of rapid charge and discharge for the Li ion battery. Based on the synergistic effect of two single-component materials, the synthesized anode material displays a high theoretical capacity of 461 mAh/g, and the calculated open-circuit voltage is 0.66 V, within the range of the negative electrode criterion of 0-1 V, which can effectively play a role in preventing the formation of Li dendrites; these properties are comparable to other 2D anode materials as well. Given these intriguing properties, the MoB/Si3N4 heterojunction is an exceptional candidate for advanced LIB high-performance anode materials.

Superb energy density in biomass-based nanocomposites with ultralow loadings of nanofillers

Biomass dielectric polymers hold promise in developing renewable and biodegradable capacitive energy storage devices. However, their typical discharged energy density remains relatively low (<20 J/cm3) compared to other existing synthetic polymers derived from petroleum sources. Here a greatly enhanced discharged energy density is reported in diluted cyanoethyl cellulose (CEC) nanocomposites with inclusion of ultralow loadings (0.3%, in volume) of 30-nm-sized TiO2 nanoparticles. Owing to the interfacial polarization introduced by interface, the composite of 0.3% exhibits a large dielectric constant of 29.2 at 1 kHz, which can be described by interphase dielectric model. Meanwhile, the introduction of nanofillers facilitate the formation of deeper traps impeding electrical conduction in CEC, which results in an ultrahigh breakdown strength of 732 MV/m. As a result, a remarkable discharged energy density of 12.7 J/cm3 with a charge-discharge efficiency above 90% is achieved, exceeding current ferroelectric-based and biomass-based nanocomposites. Our work opens a novel route for scalable biomass-based dielectrics with high energy storage properties.

Superior energy storage performance in NaNbO3‐based lead‐free ceramics under low electric field

AbstractNaNbO3 (NN)‐based materials have attracted widespread attention due to their advanced energy storage performance and eco‐friendliness. However, achieving high recoverable energy storage densities (Wrec) and efficiency (η) typically requires ultrahigh electric fields (E &gt; 300 kV/cm), which can limit practical use. In this work, we present a synergistic strategy that employs the ferroelectric material Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) to augment the Pmax and the linear material Bi0.2Sr0.7TiO3 (BST) to optimize the P–E loops. Furthermore, a two‐step sintering process is implemented to preserve high Pmax values under lower electric field. As a result, ternary (1−x)(0.90NN‐0.10BNT)‐xBST was successfully prepared, achieving a high Wrec of 5.1 J/cm3 and a η of 85% in x = 0.20 samples at a low electric field of 290 kV/cm. Moreover, the x = 0.20 samples showed good frequency stability (1–200 Hz) and temperature stability (27°C–100°C). These results provide guidance for the development of ceramics with high energy storage properties under low electric fields.

Roll‐to‐Roll Production of High‐Performance All‐Organic Polymer Nanocomposites for High‐Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage

AbstractDielectric materials with significant performance in high temperatures are highly desired, especially in harsh environments. However, the polymer‐based dielectric films have developed so far, the production scale remains at the state of the lab. Here, an all‐organic strategy is proposed by introducing phenyl‐acid‐based polymer nanodots (PAPD) into Polyetherimide (PEI), achieving high capacitive energy storage properties even at 200 °C and mass production by an industrial continuous roll‐to‐roll process. The abundant hydrogen bonding between PAPD and PEI chains ensures uniform distribution for the enhanced interaction between nanofillers and polymer matrix. Under UV irradiation, the electron‐affinity and band gap of the film are further extended, which impede charge transfer and reduction of conductive loss. A low loading (0.3 wt.%) of PAPD renders the membrane significant improvement in breakdown strength and charge–discharge efficiency. An ultrahigh energy storage density of 5.1 J cm−3 with a charge–discharge efficiency of over 90% and charge–discharge cycle stability up to 2 × 104 cycles at 150 °C is observed. Furthermore, a 1000 m long roll of polymeric film is roll‐to‐roll fabricated on an industrial solution‐casting production line and the low cost makes practical commercial scale application possible. Considering the low loading and low cost of nanofiller, this all‐organic design strategy sheds light on the industrial application of high‐temperature dielectric materials.

Energy storage properties, transmittance and hardness of Er doped K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based ceramics

Transparent energy storage ceramics can balance energy storage characteristic and optical characteristic, and are expected to be used in areas such as transparent pulse capacitors. However, excellent energy storage performance and dramatic light transmittance are difficult to achieve simultaneously, limiting their subsequent development in the actual applications. The paper proposes a way to improve the transparent energy storage properties of KNN-based samples by regulating domain and grain size. By introducing an appropriate amount of Er2O3, fine cube grains and nanodomains are constructed. When doping 0.20 mol% Er2O3, the ceramics exhibited excellent recoverable energy storage density Wrec ∼ 6.2 J/cm3, superior energy-storage efficiency η ∼ 71.3 %, large dielectric breakdown strength Eb ∼ 670 kV/cm, ultrahigh hardness value of 6.9 GPa, and a maximum transmittance T ∼72 % at 880 nm. Dense microstructure, nanoscale grains, symmetrical lattice structure and relaxor behavior are the main reasons for obtaining high energy storage and transparency properties.

Theoretical exploration of AlB2 monolayer with high energy storage properties in the field of ion battery materials

The rapid development of electric vehicles has promoted researchers to explore the field of high-capacity batteries. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been proven to have ultra-high storage capacity due to their unique structural advantages. A first-principles approach was applied here to verify the feasibility of the novel AlB2 monolayer as an anode material with ultra-high storage capacity for Li/Na-ion batteries. The Li capacity of AlB2 monolayer is up to 3308.6 mAh/g. Meanwhile, the Na capacity up to 1654.3 mAh/g. It is worth noting that the diffusion barrier of the monolayer is extremely low (Li: 0.50 eV; Na 0.26 eV). The results show that AlB2 monolayer is a kind of anode material for high energy storage, which provides a new choice for the development of long-life battery.

Realizing enhanced energy storage performance of Na0.47Bi0.47Ba0.06TiO3-based relaxors with weak coupling behavior by manipulating phase fraction

Lead-free dielectric capacitors have attracted considerable attention as the core energy storage element of pulsed power systems due to their advantages of fast charging capability, high power density and environmental friendliness. However, the low recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) and narrow operating temperature range have become the bottleneck technical problems limiting its practical application. In this work, a class of weakly coupled relaxor ferroelectrics with excellent Wrec (9.06 J/cm3) and energy storage efficiency (η ∼ 85.3 %) were designed and prepared by manipulating phase fraction. Moreover, the materials exhibit excellent temperature stability with regard to energy storage, with a change in Wrec and η of less than 8 % over a wide temperature range (25 °C − 200 °C). The introduction of Sm(Mg0.5Hf0.5)O3 (SMH) enhances the insulating properties while refining the grains, effectively increasing the breakdown field strength (Eb) of the material. The emergence of weakly coupled nano-microdomains has the effect of suppressing the nonlinear polarization response of the material, which in turn results in a high polarization difference (ΔP). The preceding work presents a universal strategy for the future design and preparation of BNT-based lead-free dielectric capacitors with high energy storage properties (ESP) and good temperature stability.

Effect of analogue nucleating agent on the interface polarization and energy-storage performance of NaNbO3-based glass-ceramics

NaNbO3-based glass-ceramics have garnered considerable attention owing to their high dielectric constant (εr), low dielectric loss (tanδ), excellent chemical stability and tunable dielectric properties. Nonetheless, one major obstacle restricting the applications of NaNbO3-based glass-ceramics in energy-storage capacitors is their low breakdown strength (BDS) caused by interface polarization. In this work, the grains of glass-ceramics turn into fine and uniform from agglomeration via adding nucleating agent analogue HfO2 to Na2O–Nb2O5–CaO–SiO2–B2O3 (NNCBS–H) glass matrix. Thus, the long-range migration of space charge is frozen by the refined grains, which is conducive to diminishing the interfacial polarization of glass-ceramics. Moreover, the band gap energy (Eg) of NNCBS-H glass-ceramics elevates from 3.21 eV to 3.30 eV with the incorporation of HfO2 with wide band gap, enhancing its insulating performance. Ultimately, NNCBS-H4 glass-ceramics achieve a remarkable energy storage density (Wrec) of 3.8 J/cm3, establishing an effective approach and precedent for developing glass-ceramic materials with high energy storage properties.

PYN-based antiferroelectric ceramics with superior energy storage performance within an ultra-wide temperature range

Antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics are known for their rich field-induced phase transitions, which mainly contribute to their superior energy storage performance. However, the phase transitions instability caused by high temperature often limits its application scenarios. Developing AFE ceramics with high energy storage properties and wide application temperature ranges is challenging. Here, considering the B-site ordering characteristics of Pb(Yb0.5Nb0.5)O3, we propose a simple approach for introducing A-site distortion and adjusting B-site ordering to confront these challenges. In our Fe3+/Sr2+co-doping system, we realized an ultra-wide temperature range of 25–200 °C, within which the recoverable storage density was considerable: 8.48–13.39 J cm−3. In this interval, the discharge energy density could reach 6.15–9.67J cm−3, and the discharge current density and discharge power density were 755.09–1667.36 A cm−2 and 207.65–500.21 MW cm−3, respectively. The obtained high-temperature energy storage performance was superior to that of existing energy storage ceramics or polymer films. The introduction of A-site distortion improves the stability of AFE phase, the decrease in B-site ordering suppresses the remanent polarization and delays change in structural symmetry with temperature. This study forms a basis for further applications of dielectric capacitors and signifies the development of wide-temperature-range energy storage devices.

Outstanding energy storage properties under moderate electric field in BiMg2/3Nb1/3O3-modified NaNbO3-based relaxor ceramics

NaNbO3 (NN)-based ceramics have received a great deal of attention for the potential application in dielectric energy storage capacitors. However, the energy storage properties (ESP) remain low, particularly under moderate electric field. Herein, a Bi-rich doping unit of BiMg2/3Nb1/3O3 (BMN) was introduced into a 0.85NaNbO3-0.15Bi0.1Sr0.85TiO3 (NN-SBT) matrix, aiming to improve polarization along ESP. As a result, a large recoverable energy density (Wrec) of ∼6.1 J/cm3 and an efficiency (η) of ∼81 % were achieved in NN-SBT-0.08BMN ceramics under a moderate electric field of 337 kV/cm. The improved ESP can be attributed to the introduction of BMN, which delays the polarization saturation of NN-SBT ceramics, while maintaining the maximum polarization (∼43.6 μC/cm2), and generating polar nanoregions (PNRs). Moreover, the optimal ceramics exhibited good thermal (25–130 °C) and frequency (1–300 Hz) stabilities, and fatigue endurance (>105 cycles). These results illustrate that the designed NN-SBT-0.08BMN ceramics are promising for application in dielectric energy storage capacitors with high ESP under a moderate electric field.

High energy-storage properties of Sr0.7Bi0.2-xLaxTiO3 lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics for pulsed power capacitors

Ceramic capacitors are very promising to be commercialize with ease for high pulse power technology owing to their fast charging/discharging rate, high bending strength and as well as their high energy density. Small, fine, and compacted grains in conjunction with slim P-E loops, and high breakdown electric field strength (Eb) play crucial role in the improvement of recoverable energy storage density. In this work, the microstructure and electrical properties of La2O3 modified Sr0.7Bi0.2-xLaxTiO3 ceramics (SBLTO, x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05, and short for SBTO, SBLTO-0.01, SBLTO-0.02, and SBLTO-0.05, respectively) were investigated in details. Furthermore, introducing La2O3 into SBTO ceramics not only refined grains and increased insulation resistance, but also resulted in significantly better energy-storage characteristics, as compared with the pure SBTO ceramics. Recoverable energy-storage density (Wrec) was obtained up to 5.8 J/cm3 in SBLTO-0.01 lead-free ceramic, which is better than that of other reported SBTO-based ceramics. Moreover, the Wrec of the SBLTO-0.01 ceramic also presents good frequency (2–500 Hz) and thermal (25–120 °C) stabilities under an electric field strength of 150 kV/cm. Furthermore, the charge-discharge results demonstrated a high power density∼92 MW/cm3 and a short discharging speed time∼39 ns. As a result, our work offers SBTO-based ceramics with a feasible method for enhancing the energy-storage characteristic.

High energy storage properties for dielectric composite by asymmetric three-layer films design

Polymer dielectrics are extensively studied for applications in electronics pulsed power systems owing to their excellent processability, high breakdown strength and low energy loss. To synergistically achieve high energy density and high discharge efficiency, we report an asymmetric three-layer all-polymer composite, which consists of a mixture of P(VDF-HFP) and P(St-MMA) as an intermediate layer sandwiched between a linear polymer P(St-MMA) dielectric layer and a nonlinear polymer P(VDF-HFP) dielectric layer. The results of the study showed that a high efficiency of 94.14 % and a high energy discharge density of 14.86 J/cm3 were achieved concurrently. In this case, the linear dielectric layer provides high energy efficiency, and the high energy density is provided by the nonlinear layer dielectric layer. In particular, the middle layer can effectively balance the electric field distribution, which improves the breakdown strength and increases the energy density. The structural design of asymmetric three-layer all-polymer films provides an effective way to realize high-performance dielectric energy storage materials.

Superior energy storage properties with prominent thermal stability in lead-free KNN-based ceramics through multi-component optimization strategy

The advancement of high energy storage properties and outstanding temperature stability ceramics plays a decisive role in the field of pulsed power systems. The multi-component optimization strategy is conducted by introducing Li+, Bi(Ni1/2Zr1/2)O3 and NaNbO3 into KNN-based ceramics. An excellent energy storage (W) of 7.82 J/cm3 along with a large efficiency (η) of 81.8 % is achieved at the breakdown strength (BDS) of 500 kV/cm for the ceramics. Simultaneously, the remarkable energy storage thermal stability (ΔWrec: ∼ 2.9 %, Δη: ∼ 3.9 %) is acquired in the range from 20 ℃ to 100 ℃. The splendid charging-discharging performances (discharge energy density Wd = 1.78 J/cm3, current density CD = 1376 A/cm2, power density PD = 124 MW/cm3) are also realized in the ceramics after doping. By investigating the evolution of crystal structure and domain structure, complex impedance and first-principle calculations, the internal mechanism of obtaining superior energy storage properties is analyzed. Thus, this research proves that the ceramics can effectively broaden the temperature range of the applications for the pulsed power systems while maintaining high energy storage properties, which offers a valuable approach for the improvement of dielectric capacitors.

High energy storage properties of (Nb0.5La0.5)4+ complex-ion modified (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.10Ti0.90)O3 ceramics

In this work, a traditional solid-state method was adopted to prepare dense Ba[Formula: see text]Ca[Formula: see text][(Zr[Formula: see text]Ti[Formula: see text])[Formula: see text]–(Nb[Formula: see text]La[Formula: see text])x]O3(BCZT–xNL) lead-free relaxation ferroelectrics with excellent energy storage performance (ESP). Remarkably, a large breakdown field strength of BDS ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]kV/cm) resulting from decreased grain size by double ions doping at the B-site was achieved in BCZT–xNL ceramics. Especially, the BCZT–0.12NL ceramic displays a good recoverable energy density ([Formula: see text]) of 3.1[Formula: see text]J/cm3, a high efficiency of 86.7% ([Formula: see text]) and a superior fatigue resistance, as well as a superior charge–discharge performance ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]A/cm2, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]MW/cm3, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]J/cm3, [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]ns) and good thermal stability. Besides, upon NL doping, the FE to RFE phase transition results in a dielectric behavior traversing the relaxation phase ([Formula: see text]) accompanied by frequency dispersion, which is beneficial to improve ESP. The superior ESP in this work indicates that BCZT–0.12[Formula: see text]NL ceramics are a promising candidate used in energy storage capacitors.

High Energy Storage Performance in BiFeO3-Based Lead-Free High-Entropy Ferroelectrics.

Dielectric capacitors are widely used in advanced electrical and electronic systems due to the rapid charge/discharge rates and high power density. High comprehensive energy storage properties are the ultimate ambition in the field of application achievements. Here, the high-entropy strategy is proposed to design and fabricate single-phase homogeneous (Bi0.5Ba0.1Sr0.1Ca0.2Na0.1)(Fe0.5Ti0.3Zr0.1Nb0.1)O3 ceramic, the hierarchical heterostructure including rhombohedral-tetragonal multiphase nanoclusters and locally disordered oxygen octahedral tilt can lead to the increased dielectric relaxation, diffused phase transition, diverse local polarization configurations, grain refinement, ultrasmall polar nanoregions, large random field, delayed polarization saturation and improved breakdown field. Accordingly, a giant Wrec ≈13.3 J cm-3 and a high η ≈78% at 66.4kV mm-1 can be simultaneously achieved in the lead-free high-entropy BiFeO3-based ceramic, showing an obvious advantage in overall energy-storage properties over BiFeO3-based lead-free ceramics. Moreover, an ultrafast discharge rate (t0.9 = 18ns) can be achieved at room temperature, concomitant with favorable temperature stability in the range of 20-160 °C, due to the enhanced diffuse phase transition and fast polarization response. This work provides a feasible pathway to design and generate dielectric materials exhibiting high comprehensive energy-storage performance.

Covalently cross-linked CaCu3Ti4O12 and poly(arylene ether nitrile) hybrids with enhanced high temperature energy storage properties

Ensuring polymer dielectrics with stable high energy storage density at high temperatures via improving interfacial compatibility remains a challenge. Based on this principle, calcium copper titanate and poly(arylene ether nitrile) (CCTO-PEN) hybrids dielectrics are developed to exhibit improved high temperature energy storage properties through the interfacial cross-linked high-temperature resistant cyano. Herein, CCTO-PEN hybrid dielectrics are fabricated through the thermal induced self-crosslinking reaction of phthalonitrile between the phthalonitrile modified CCTO (CCTO-CN) and phthalonitrile end-capped PEN (PEN-CN). SEM, XPS, FTIR, mechanical, dielectric, and breakdown tests of the CCTO-PEN hybrids reveal that the phthalonitrile modified CCTO-CN possessed superior interfacial compatibility in PEN dielectrics, together with enhanced dielectric, breakdown, mechanical, and energy storage properties compared to CCTO directly doped PEN dielectrics. Benefitting from the improved interfacial compatibility and the appropriate distribution of CCTO-CN within PEN-CN matrix, the CCTO-PEN hybrids demonstrate stable dielectric properties from room temperature to 200 °C, and the energy storage density of CCTO-PEN hybrid reaches up to 0.785 J/cm3, suggesting that the CCTO-PEN hybrids can be utilized as high temperature dielectric materials.

Intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to energy storage performance in potassium sodium niobate–based ceramics

AbstractBoth the intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to the high energy storage properties of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 were investigated herein by employing Bi(Mg2/3Ta1/3)O3 as a second component to synthesize novel environment‐friendly energy storage ceramics. The role of the second component was confirmed to reduce the intrinsic activation of electrons, which effectively improves the band gap values and reduces the probability of intrinsic breakdown. Phase field simulation was employed to confirm that the smaller grain size of the modified ceramic microstructure enhances the extrinsic breakdown and dielectric breakdown strength. Moreover, ab initio molecular dynamics were used to investigate the critical role of the Mg ions in lowering the initial polarization and forming nanodomains, representing the intrinsic contribution to decreasing the initial polarization. An intrinsic structure with moderate polarization rapidly increases the polarization of ceramics under external electric fields, facilitating high energy storage density. The prepared ceramics achieve a recoverable energy density (Wrec) of 3.86 J/cm3 and energy efficiency (η) of 81.2% at 385 kV/cm.

Valence modulation induced high-energy storage properties in BNT-based ceramics

High-performance lead-free dielectric ceramics are key to energy storage ceramic capacitors. In this work, an effective strategy was adopted to improve the dielectric energy storage properties (ESP) of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 based ceramics using CeO2 doping. The introduction of Ce4+ refines the grain size and improves the dielectric temperature stability of the (1-x)Bi0.4Na0.4Ca0.2TiO3-xCeO2 ceramics. However, Ce4+ is susceptible to reductive valence changes at high temperatures, forming defects that deteriorate the breakdown electric field strength (Eb). To address this issue, Ce4+ valence transitions were successfully inhibited by sintering ceramics in an oxygen atmosphere. Remarkably, the Eb value increases from 160 kV cm−1 for x = 0 wt% to 220 kV cm−1 for x = 0.8 wt%, and the total energy storage density increases from 1.38 J cm−3 to 2.99 J cm−3, as well as realizing a high energy storage efficiency (η ∼ 81 %). This study offers a framework for optimizing the performance of BNT-based energy storage ceramics and elucidating the precise link between valence variations and ESP.

Achieved Excellent Low-field Energy Storage Properties and High Density in Bi0.48Na0.48Ba0.04TiO3-based Oxide Ceramics via The Interposing of (Na0.97Bi0.01)+/Ta5+ at A/B Sites

Lead-free dielectric ceramics are one of the most essential candidates for reforming pulsed power capacitors, nevertheless the formidable hurdles posed by the high hysteresis and low energy storage properties. Dielectric...

Enhanced Energy Storage Capabilities in PbHfO3-Based Antiferroelectric Ceramics through Delayed Phase Switching and Induced Multiphase Transitions

PbHfO3-based antiferroelectric ceramics have garnered considerable attention for their promising applications in energy storage due to their unique phase transition characteristics. However, the inherent conflict between breakdown field and phase...