High Energy Storage Devices Research Articles

A Novel Ultra Local Based-Fuzzy PIDF Controller for Frequency Regulation of a Hybrid Microgrid System with High Renewable Energy Penetration and Storage Devices

A new ultra-local control (ULC) model and two marine predator algorithm (MPA)-based controllers; MPA-based proportional-integral-derivative with filter (PIDF) and MPA-based Fuzzy PIDF (FPIDF) controllers; are combined to enhance the frequency response of a hybrid microgrid system. The input scaling factors, boundaries of membership functions, and gains of the FPIDF con-troller are all optimized using the MPA. In order to further enhance the frequency response, the alpha parameter of the proposed ULC model is optimized using MPA. The performance of the pro-posed controller is evaluated in the microgrid system with different renewable energy sources and energy storage devices. Furthermore, a comparison of the proposed MPA-based ULC-PIDF and ULC-FPIDF controllers against the previously designed controllers is presented. Moreover, a vari-ety of scenarios are studied to determine the proposed controller’s sensitivity and robustness to changes in wind speed, step loads, solar irradiance, and system parameter changes. The results of time-domain simulations performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK are shown. Finally, the results demonstrate that under all examined conditions, the new ULC-based controllers tend to further enhance the hybrid microgrid system’s frequency time response.

Solid Interhalogen Compounds with Effective Br0 Fixing for Stable High-energy Zinc Batteries.

Though massive efforts have been devoted to exploring Br-based batteries, the highly soluble Br2 /Br3 - species causing rigorous "shuttle effect", leads to severe self-discharge and low Coulombic efficiency. Conventionally, quaternary ammonium salts such as methyl ethyl morpholinium bromide (MEMBr) and tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr) are used to fix Br2 and Br3 - , but they occupy the mass and volume of battery without capacity contribution. Here, we report an all-active solid interhalogen compound, IBr, as a cathode to address the above challenges, in which the oxidized Br0 is fixed by iodine (I), thoroughly eliminating cross-diffusing Br2 /Br3 - species during the whole charging and discharging process. The Zn||IBr battery delivers remarkably high energy density of 385.8 Wh kg-1 , which is higher than those of I2 , MEMBr3 , and TPABr3 cathodes. Our work provides new approaches to achieve active solid interhalogen chemistry for high-energy electrochemical energy storage devices.

Textile PAN Carbon Fibers Cathode for High-Voltage Seawater Batteries

Rechargeable sodium seawater batteries (SWBs) are gaining the world leadership of high voltage energy storage devices for marine environments. With natural seawater as the source of active material, SWBs can be supplied infinitely with Na cations. Because of their open-structured cathode, the cathode material’s specific surface area, porosity and wettability need to be optimized to achieve a high-performance cell. In this work, activated textile polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers were used to produce an activated carbon felt with a facile manufacturing process. The easy and low-cost production of these fibers makes them excellent candidates for energy storage applications involving oxygen evolution and reduction reactions. The electrochemical performance results of the fabricated activated PAN fibers and of commercial carbon felts were measured and compared, being characterized through galvanostic charge discharge cycles, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetries. A performance improvement was observed with PAN activated carbon felt as half cell with a capacitance increase (about 9000%), and as full cell with a smaller voltage gap (about 10%) and increased gravimetric capacitance (about 260%) when compared to the commercial carbon felt. The successful implementation of PAN activated carbon felts in an aqueous environment opens new paths toward high performance seawater battery’s cathodes.

Copper Indium Sulfide Enables Li‐CO2 Batteries with Boosted Reaction Kinetics and Cycling Stability

High energy density Li‐CO2 batteries have attracted much attention owing to the “two birds with one stone” feature in fixing greenhouse gas CO2 and providing renewable energy. However, poor reversibility of the discharge product Li2CO3 is one of the main problems that limit its application, resulting in poor cycling stability and severe polarization. Herein, copper indium sulfide (CIS), a semiconducting non‐precious metal sulfide, is fabricated as cathode catalysts for high‐performance Li‐CO2 batteries. Combined with the synergistic effect of bimetallic valence bonding and coordinated electron transfer, Li‐CO2 batteries using CIS cathodes exhibit high full specific discharge capacity, excellent rate capability and cycle stability, namely it delivers a high specific full discharge capacity of 8878 μAh cm−2, runs steadily from 10 to 100 μA cm−2, and performs a stable long‐term cycling behavior (>1050 h) under a high energy efficiency of 84% and a low charge voltage of approximately 3.4 V at 20 μA cm−2 within 100 μAh cm−2. In addition, a flexible Li‐CO2 pouch cell is constructed to reveal the potential of employing CIS to fabricate flexible high energy storage devices in practical applications. This work shows a promising development pathway toward next‐generation sustainable energy storage devices.

Vanadium and Niobium MXenes-Bilayered V2 O5 Asymmetric Supercapacitors.

MXenes offer high metallic conductivity and redox capacitance that are attractive for high-power, high-energy storage devices. However, they operate limitedly under high anodic potentials due to irreversibleoxidation. Pairing them with oxides to design asymmetric supercapacitors may expand the voltage window and increase the energy storage capabilities. Hydrated lithium preintercalated bilayered V2 O5 ( δ-Lix V2 O5 ·nH2 O) is attractive for aqueous energy storage due to its high Li capacity at high potentials; however, its poor cyclability remains a challenge. To overcome its limitations and achieve a wide voltage window and excellent cyclability, it is combined with V2 C and Nb4 C3 MXenes. Asymmetric supercapacitors employing lithium intercalated V2 C (Li-V2 C) or tetramethylammonium intercalated Nb4 C3 (TMA-Nb4 C3 ) MXenes as the negative electrode, and a δ-Lix V2 O5 ·nH2 O composite with carbon nanotubes as the positive electrode in 5m LiCl electrolyte operate over wide voltage windows of 2 and 1.6V, respectively. The latter shows remarkably high cyclability-capacitance retention of ≈95% after 10 000 cycles. This work highlights the importance of selecting appropriate MXenes to achieve a wide voltage window and a long cycle life in combination with oxide anodes to demonstrate the potential of MXenes beyond Ti3 C2 in energy storage.

Sustainable Biomass-Derived Carbon Electrodes for Potassium and Aluminum Batteries: Conceptualizing the Key Parameters for Improved Performance.

The development of sustainable, safe, low-cost, high energy and density power-density energy storage devices is most needed to electrify our modern needs to reach a carbon-neutral society by ~2050. Batteries are the backbones of future sustainable energy sources for both stationary off-grid and mobile plug-in electric vehicle applications. Biomass-derived carbon materials are extensively researched as efficient and sustainable electrode/anode candidates for lithium/sodium-ion chemistries due to their well-developed tailored textures (closed pores and defects) and large microcrystalline interlayer spacing and therefore opens-up their potential applications in sustainable potassium and aluminum batteries. The main purpose of this perspective is to brief the use of biomass residues for the preparation of carbon electrodes for potassium and aluminum batteries annexed to the biomass-derived carbon physicochemical structures and their aligned electrochemical properties. In addition, we presented an outlook as well as some challenges faced in this promising area of research. We believe that this review enlightens the readers with useful insights and a reasonable understanding of issues and challenges faced in the preparation, physicochemical properties and application of biomass-derived carbon materials as anodes and cathode candidates for potassium and aluminum batteries, respectively. In addition, this review can further help material scientists to seek out novel electrode materials from different types of biomasses, which opens up new avenues in the fabrication/development of next-generation sustainable and high-energy density batteries.

Hierarchical MnO2/NiS–MnS with Rich Electro-Microstructural Physiognomies for Highly Efficient All-Solid-State Hybrid Supercapacitors

To revolutionize the charge storage efficiency of electrode materials for their utilizations in high Ragone efficient electrochemical energy storage devices, herein, a slow-precipitation-induced material growth approach has been innovated to design a hetero oxide–sulfide [MnO2/NiS–MnS (MnO2/Ni–Mn–S)] material with smaller crystallite size, ultrathin assembled-sheet-like microstructure, and perceptible phase physiognomies (α-MnO2, MnS, and α-NiS). The electroredox assessment of MnO2/Ni–Mn–S illustrates high pseudocapacitive energy storage efficiency, significant redox reversibility, lowly constrained bulk accessibility of the OH– ions at higher rate electrochemical reaction conditions, dominance of semi-infinite diffusion-controlled electrochemical processes, and extremely low charge-transfer resistance (∼1.45 Ω), total series resistance (∼0.51 Ω) and diffusion (Warburg) resistance. A fabricated 1.8 V MnO2/Ni–Mn–S||nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) all-solid-state hybrid supercapacitor (ASSHSC) device with N-rGO as the negative electrode material delivers high area and mass specific capacitance/capacity, ∼100% Columbic efficiency at high-rate operating conditions, and very low charge-transfer and Warburg resistance. The MnO2/Ni–Mn–S||N-rGO ASSHSC device also delivers excellent Ragone efficiency (ED = 31.5 W h kg–1 at PD = 937.5 W kg–1 and ED = 15.5 W h kg–1 at PD = 2767.5 W kg–1) and ∼97.6% retention of charge storage after 11,000 uninterrupted charge–discharge cycles. The significantly improved supercapacitive charge storage efficacy of MnO2/Ni–Mn–S is ascribed to the cohesive redox activity of Ni2+, Ni3+, Mn2+, and Mn3+ and nonstoichiometric Ni2±δ, Ni3±δ, Mn2±δ, and Mn3±δ ions, rich ion-disseminating bulk, S2– vacancy-induced electronic conductivity, and suitable electro-microstructural physiognomies for the electrochemical processes.

Multidimensional visualization of the dynamic evolution of Limetal via insitu/operando methods.

The growing demands for high-energy density electrical energy storage devices stimulate the coupling of conversion-type cathodes and lithium (Li) metal anodes. While promising, the use of these "Li-free" cathodes brings new challenges to the Li anode interface, as Li needs to be dissolved first during cell operation. In this study, we have achieved a direct visualization and comprehensive analysis of the dynamic evolution of the Li interface. The critical metrics of the interfacial resistance, Li growth, and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) distribution during the initial dissolution/deposition processes were systematically investigated by employing multidimensional analysis methods. They include three-electrode impedance tests,in situ atomic force microscopy, scanning electrochemical microscopy, and cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy. The high-resolution imaging and real-time observations show that a loose, diffuse, and unevenly distributed SEI is formed during the initial dissolution process. This leads to the dramatically fast growth of Li during the subsequent deposition, deviating from Fick's law, which exacerbates the interfacial impedance. The compactness of the interfacial structure and enrichment of electrolyte species at the surface during the initial deposition play critical roles in the long-term stability of Li anodes, as revealed by operando confocal Raman spectroscopic mapping. Our observations relate to ion transfer, morphological and structural evolution, and Li (de)solvation at Li interfaces, revealing the underlying pathways influenced by the initial dissolution process, which promotes a reconsideration of anode investigations and effective protection strategies.

Direct growth of AC/ZnS-Ni7S6/Ni(OH)2 on nickel foam as a porous electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors

In this study, an AC/ZnS-Ni7S6/Ni(OH)2 composite with nanoflower structure is synthesized in situ on a nickel foam by three-step hydrothermal method. The thickness of the sample can be controlled by the time of hydrothermal reaction. AC/ZnS-Ni7S6/Ni(OH)2 with excellent electrochemical properties is attributed to the fact that the ultrathin nanoflower structure provides a large number of electrochemical active sites in the electrochemical reaction process, good electrical conductivity and synergy between multiple components. AC/ZnS-Ni7S6/Ni(OH)2 possesses superior electrochemical properties with a maximum specific capacity of 1034.52 C g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. The assembled AC/ZnS-Ni7S6/Ni(OH)2//AC hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) device achieves a maximum energy density of 48.99 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1, and excellent cycle stability with about 90.6% capacitance retention after continual charge/discharge of 3000 cycles. The supercapacitor prepared in this study has potential application prospect in high efficiency energy storage devices.

Realizing high performance bifunctional energy storage devices and electrocatalytic water splitting catalysts through regulated interface engineering of ZnCo2O4@Co3O4 nanosheets

ZnCo2O4@Co3O4 nanowires are successfully synthesized through hydrothermal synthesis and electrodeposition. As electrocatalysts for water splitting, ZnCo2O4@Co3O4 shows an excellent electrocatalytic performance. The fabricated product also shows a specific capacitance of 1316 F g−1 at 1 A g−1.

Crystal phase and morphology engineering of ω-Li3V2O5nanospheres for high-rate lithium-ion capacitors

Lithium ion capacitors provide both high energy and high power density. Li3V2O5//AC, which is based on Li3V2O5nanospheres with fast kinetics reveals the potential for the application in high rate and long lifespan energy storage devices.

Enhanced Ferroelectric and Dielectric Properties in Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 Doped with BaTiO3 (BNT-BT) Nanoparticles for High Energy Storage Device

Enhanced Ferroelectric and Dielectric Properties in Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 Doped with BaTiO3 (BNT-BT) Nanoparticles for High Energy Storage Device

Design and Optimization of Nanomaterial-based High-Energy Storage Devices

Design and Optimization of Nanomaterial-based High-Energy Storage Devices

Battery-Super Capacitor-based Hybrid E-Vehicle

A growing concern in today’s world is environmental protection and energy conservation. Automotive manufacturers are developing alternatives to existing fossil fuel-driven vehicles. This has paved way for the development of Electric Vehicles (EV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV). While HEVs tend to reduce the emissions from internal combustion vehicles as a result of greater fuel efficiency, they do not completely solve theproblem. Electric vehicles on the other hand are much more energy efficient, produce absolutely no tail pipe emissions and requires less maintenance as compared to the conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. However, the reason the automotive industry has not gone pure electric or able to compete favorably with existing gasoline cars, lies in the inherent problem of existing battery technologies. Presently the only viable solution to this problem is to combine a high energy storage device such as an electrochemical battery or fuel cell with a high-power device such as an Electric Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) or ultra-capacitor or more often called a super capacitor. The research work classified in to two different categories, i.e., simulation in MATLAB and its hardware implementation. In this paper Supercapacitor is connected in parallel with Batteries and its comparison is done. These paper presents simulation on BLDC motor with battery and supercapacitor. Key words – Battery, Super Capacitor, Boost Converter, Electric hybrid vehicles, HESS.

Insights into nickel nanoparticles modified porous biomass-derived carbon as sulfur host matrix for advanced rechargeable lithium-sulfur battery

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are regarded as promising high energy density energy storage devices, but their commercial applications are limited due to the poor conductivity of sulfur and the harsh shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Herein, nickel-embedded porous carbon materials (Ni/PC) with high electrical conductivity, abundant pores and large space for storage of sulfur were synthesized by instantaneous expansion, nickel salt treatment and high-temperature calcination using corn kernels as precursors. According to the electrochemical results of the designed sulfur-carbon (S@Ni/PC) composite cathode, it delivers a high initial capacity of 1100 mAh·g−1 at 0.5 C as well as maintaining a capacity of 579.3 mAh·g−1 after 500 cycles with coulombic efficiency close to 100%, while the pure sulfur cathode can only remain 143.9 mAh·g−1. Furthermore, the rate performance test displays that a high reversible capacity of 1189 mAh·g−1 can still be maintained when returning to 0.1 C after different current densities, which is nearly 643.5 mAh·g−1 higher than the PC cathode. Such excellent electrochemical performance benefits from the synergistic effect of the interconnected porous structure and polar Ni nanoparticles (NPs). On the one hand, porous carbon materials provide large space for efficiently immobilizing sulfur, and the staggered pores physically hinder the diffusion of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). On the other hand, in-situ intercalated Ni NPs can both improve electrical conductivity and afford abundant adsorption sites for chemically anchoring LiPSs to suppress shuttle effect. This work reports a facile and useful strategy for the application of biomass carbon in Li-S batteries.

Tuned High Dielectric Constant, Low Dielectric Loss Tangent of Novel Structure Au/PPy-MWCNTs/TiO2/Al2O3/p-Si/Al

This document offered a novel construction of Au/PPy-MWCNTs/TiO2/Al2O3/p-Si/Al, which did not give in a lecture earlier. We synthesized this construction for request in manufactured electronic devices, sensors, supercapacitors, diodes, and high-energy storage devices. Remarkably tuned the dielectric constant ε′ and dielectric loss tangent tan δ by variable frequency, temperature, and voltage. At high frequency 2 × 107 Hz, the dielectric constant ε′ and dielectric loss tangent tan δ have positive and negative values from (250 to–3500), (−2 to 8). However, at all frequencies (107,106,105) Hz, the ε′ has high positive values (1000,3500,10000), but tan δ has low values (2.6,1.8,4.5). However, at frequencies (103,102) Hz, the ε′ and tanδ have positive and negative values. At a frequency of 10 Hz, the ε′ and tan δ have negative values only. The ε′ with lnf at all voltages and temperatures have negative values at high and low frequencies. In mid frequencies, the ε′ have positive values. Also, the Col-Col diagram and the current conduction mechanism of this construction Au/PPy-MWCNTs/TiO2/Al2O3/p-Si/Al were studied.

Microgravimetric contributions of multivalent metal ions, water molecules and protons to the energy storage at the electrolyte/electrode interface of aqueous ion batteries

The aqueous battery employing multivalent metal ions as charge carriers is theoretically a high energy density electrochemical energy storage device due to the fact that it carries more charges. However, the storage mechanism of multivalent metal ions, especially Al3+ ions, in TiO2 materials has not been established.A new model associated with the contribution of multivalent metal ions, water molecules and protons in the charging/discharging process of the electrode is established in this work. The storage mechanism of aqueous Al3+ ion batteries is revealed from a new perspective by studying the relationship between the charge inside the TiO2 film and the mass at the interface. More importantly, a highlighted work is to reveal the changes in the amount of interfacial free water molecules and the hydration number of Al3+ ions due to the adsorption/desorption of hydrated ions during the charging/discharging process.The present work is of great significance for revealing the mechanism of multivalent cations on metal oxide surfaces in aqueous batteries, and meanwhile, the model established can also be extended to other fields such as supercapacitors, photovoltaics, and photocatalysis. The results obtained in this work may have an impact on the performance of energy storage batteries, especially the influence of the rearrangement of interface hydration ions and water molecules on the energy storage mechanism.

Regulating Lithium Plating/Stripping Behavior by a Composite Polymer Electrolyte Endowed with Designated Ion Channels.

The urgent demand for high energy and safety storage devices is pushing the development of lithium metal batteries. However, unstable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation and uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth are still huge challenges for the practical use of lithium metal batteries. Herein, a composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) endowed with designated ion channels is fabricated by constructing nanoscale Uio66-NH2 layer, which has uniformly distributed pore structure to regulate reversible Li plating/stripping in lithium metal batteries. The regular channels within the Uio66-NH2 layer work as an ion sieve to restrict larger TFSI- anions inside its channels and extract Li+ across selectively, which result in a high Li-ion transference number ( ) of 0.6. Moreover, CPE provides high ion conductivity (0.245 mS cm-1 at room temperature) and expanded oxidation window (5.1V) and forms a stable SEI layer. As a result, the assembled lithium metal batteries with CPE exhibit outstanding cyclic stability and capacity retention. The Li/CPE/Li symmetric cell continues plating/stripping over 500h without short-circuiting. The Li/CPE/LFP cell delivers a reversible capacity of 149.3 mAh g-1 with a capacity retention of 99% after 100 cycles.

Experimental investigation on high energy-density and power-density hydrated salt-based thermal energy storage

• High energy and power density hydrated salt-based TES device. • Performance evaluation of TES device at different conditions for hot water heating. • Phase-change temperature of 50 ℃ and phase-change enthalpy of 184.5 kJ·kg −1 . • Energy storage density is 2.6 times higher than that of conventional water tank. • High energy storage density (∼88.4 kWh·m −3 ) and high power density (669.9 W·kg −1 ) Thermal energy storage based on phase change materials (PCMs) plays a key role in bridging the gap between energy supply and demand for renewable energy applications. Hydrated salt is one kind of the most promising PCMs due to high phase-change enthalpy, non-flammability and low cost. Herein, we design and fabricate a lab-scale high energy-density and power-density thermal energy storage (TES) device using hydrated salt-based phase change composite (PCC). The thermophysical properties of the hydrated salt-based PCC are characterized and the thermal performances of the PCC-based TES device are analyzed at different operating conditions during charging and discharging processes. The Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) analysis shows that the PCC has high phase-change enthalpy of 184.5 kJ·kg −1 and suitable phase-change temperature of 50 ℃ for hot water heating. The experimental results show that the PCC-based TES device exhibits high specific energy storage density up to 88.4 kWh·m −3 , approximately 2.6 times higher than the conventional water tank storage device. In discharging process, the PCC-based TES device exhibits high energy density (∼81.6 kWh·m −3 ), high efficiency (∼92.3 %), high power density (∼669.9 W·kg −1 ), and stable output hot water temperature (45 ∼ 47 ℃) at different water flow rates (0.42 ∼ 2.42 L·min −1 ) and inlet cold water temperatures (8 ∼ 25 ℃).

Novel 2D/2D NiCo2O4/ZnCo2O4@rGO/CNTs self-supporting composite electrode with high hydroxyl ion adsorption capacity for asymmetric supercapacitor

The energy storage device has been urgently studied and developed to meet the increasing demand for energy and sustainable development. Due to the excellent conductivity of graphene and high performance of ZnCo2O4 and NiCo2O4, we design a self-supporting electrode based on vertically grown two-dimensional/two-dimensional (2D/2D) NiCo2O4/ZnCo2O4 hierarchical flakes on the carbon-based conductive substrate (NiCo2O4/ZnCo2O4@graphene/carbon nanotubes, [email protected]). The density functional theory calculations indicate that the high OH− adsorption capacity of the NiCo2O4/ZnCo2O4 nanosheets can significantly enhance the electrochemical reaction activity. [email protected] shows a high capacitance of 1128.6 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. The capacitance retains 84.0% after 6000 cycles even at 10 A g−1. A hybrid supercapacitor is fabricated using [email protected] and activated carbon, exhibiting a large energy density of 50.8 W h kg−1 at the power density of 800 W kg−1. After 9000 charge/discharge cycles, the supercapacitor still has 86.1% capacitance retention. The [email protected] film has showed the potential as promising electrodes in high efficiency electrochemical energy storage devices.