High-energy Production Processes Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of Mycelium Biocomposites as Potential Next-Generation Green Building Materials

The construction industry is responsible for approximately 40% of the environmental damage due to carbon emissions resulting from high energy consumption, production processes, product logistics, and application methods. The production and use processes of traditional building materials contribute to the depletion of natural resources and the disruption of ecological balance. The search for sustainable and eco-friendly materials is becoming increasingly important in this context. This study emphasises the potential and significance of fungal mycelium for the construction industry. Mycelium biocomposites offer environmental benefits and exhibit important performance criteria such as thermal performance, acoustic performance, compressive strength, flexural strength, and radioactive shielding properties. In this research, the characteristics of the developed mycelium composites are compared with conventional environmentally harmful alternatives in the construction industry. The comparison is based on thermal conductivity, acoustic performance, compressive strength, and flexural strength tests, and the values of widely used products such as MDF, rock wool, and gypsum board in the literature are considered. The findings demonstrate that mycelium biocomposites are a sustainable alternative and superior in some performance metrics. Specifically, they can compete with existing products in thermal and acoustic performance and exhibit superior compressive strength and flexural strength compared to certain products. Given the current environmental impacts of the construction industry, mycelium-based materials stand out as an innovative solution that preserves ecological balance and offers long-term sustainable building practice.

A Multimessenger Picture of the Flaring Blazar TXS 0506+056: Implications for High-energy Neutrino Emission and Cosmic-Ray Acceleration

Abstract Detection of the IceCube-170922A neutrino coincident with the flaring blazar TXS 0506+056, the first and only ∼3σ high-energy neutrino source association to date, offers a potential breakthrough in our understanding of high-energy cosmic particles and blazar physics. We present a comprehensive analysis of TXS 0506+056 during its flaring state, using newly collected Swift, NuSTAR, and X-shooter data with Fermi observations and numerical models to constrain the blazar’s particle acceleration processes and multimessenger (electromagnetic (EM) and high-energy neutrino) emissions. Accounting properly for EM cascades in the emission region, we find a physically consistent picture only within a hybrid leptonic scenario, with γ-rays produced by external inverse-Compton processes and high-energy neutrinos via a radiatively subdominant hadronic component. We derive robust constraints on the blazar’s neutrino and cosmic-ray emissions and demonstrate that, because of cascade effects, the 0.1–100 keV emissions of TXS 0506+056 serve as a better probe of its hadronic acceleration and high-energy neutrino production processes than its GeV–TeV emissions. If the IceCube neutrino association holds, physical conditions in the TXS 0506+056 jet must be close to optimal for high-energy neutrino production, and are not favorable for ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray acceleration. Alternatively, the challenges we identify in generating a significant rate of IceCube neutrino detections from TXS 0506+056 may disfavor single-zone models, in which γ-rays and high-energy neutrinos are produced in a single emission region. In concert with continued operations of the high-energy neutrino observatories, we advocate regular X-ray monitoring of TXS 0506+056 and other blazars in order to test single-zone blazar emission models, clarify the nature and extent of their hadronic acceleration processes, and carry out the most sensitive possible search for additional multimessenger sources.

Scaling Behavior of Transverse Momenta Distributions in Hadronic and Nuclear Collisions

It has been recently noticed that transverse momenta ($p_T$) distributions observed in high energy production processes exhibit remarkably universal scaling behavior. This is seen when they are in some suitable variable, replacing the usual $p_T$. On the other hand, it is also known that transverse momenta distributions in general follow a power-like Tsallis distribution, rather than an exponential Boltzmann-Gibbs, with a (generally energy dependent) nonextensivity parameter $q$. We now show that it is possible to choose a suitable variable such that $p_T$ distributions of particles produced in proton-proton interactions in a wide energy range can be fitted by the same Tsallis distribution (with the same, energy independent, value of the $q$-parameter). Similar scaling behavior in nucleus-nucleus collisions is also observed. The possible dynamical origin of the q parameter used in these fits will be discussed.

Method of systems of equations of P-adic coverages for fractal analysis of events

Self-similarity in high-energy multiparticle production processes is discussed. A parton shower and hadronization are assumed to give rise to a set of particle with a fractal structure. It is noted that the box counting (BC) and P-adic coverage (PaC) methods determine the fractal dimension with permissible 1/k ranges. A new method of systems of equations of P-adic coverages (SePaC) is proposed that extends the PaC method to fractals with permissible m/k ranges. The SePaC method is shown to determine the fractal dimension of a shower with a prescribed accuracy, the number of fractal levels, the type of the cascade (random or regular), and its structure.

On the possibility of q-scaling in high-energy production processes

It has recently been noted that transverse momenta (pT) distributions observed in high-energy production processes exhibit remarkably universal scaling behaviour. This is the case when a suitable variable replaces the usual pT. On the other hand, it is also widely known that transverse momentum distributions in general follow a power-like Tsallis distribution, rather than an exponential Boltzmann–Gibbs one, with a (generally energy dependent) nonextensivity parameter q. Here we show that it is possible to choose a suitable variable such that all the data can be fitted by the same Tsallis distribution (with the same, energy-independent value of the q-parameter). They thus exhibit q-scaling.

Information theory in high-energy physics (extensive and nonextensive approach)

The application of information theory approach (both in its extensive and nonextensive versions) to high-energy multiparticle production processes is discussed and confronted with experimental data on e + e − annihilation processes, pp and p ̄ p scatterings and heavy ion collisions.

Information theory approach (extensive and nonextensive) to high-energy multiparticle production processes

We present an overview of information theory approach (both in its extensive and nonextensive versions) applied to high-energy multiparticle production processes. It will be illustrated by analysis of single-particle distributions measured in proton–proton, proton–antiproton and nuclear collisions. We shall demonstrate the particular role played by the nonextensivity parameter q in such analysis as summarizing our knowledge on the fluctuations existed in hadronizing system.

Fluctuation studies at the subnuclear level of matter: Evidence for stability, stationarity, and scaling

It is pointed out that the concepts and methods introduced by Bachelier and by Mandelbrot to Finance and Economics can be used to examine the fluctuations observed in high-energy hadron production processes. Theoretical arguments and experimental evidences are presented which show that the relative variations of hadron-numbers between successive rapidity intervals are non-Gaussian stable random variables, which exhibit stationarity and scaling. The implications of the obtained results are discussed.

Towards the light front variables for high energy production processes

Scale invariant presentation of inclusive spectra in terms of light front variables is proposed. The variables introduced go over to the well-known scaling variables \(x_F = 2 p_z /\sqrt s\) and \(x_T =2 p_T / \sqrt s\) in the high \(p_z\) and high \(P_T\) limits respectively. Some surface is found in the phase space of produced \(\pi^\pm\)-mesons in the inclusive reaction \(\bar pp \to \pi^\pm X\) at 22.4 GeV/c, which separates two groups of particles with significantly different characteristics. In one of these regions a naive statistical model seems to be in a good agreement with data, whereas it fails in the second region.

Towards the light front variables for high energy production processes

Scale invariant presentation of inclusive spectra in terms of light front variables is proposed. The variables introduced go over to the well-known scaling variables $x_F = 2 p_z /\sqrt s$ and $x_T =2 p_T / \sqrt s$ in the high $p_z$ and high $P_T$ limits respectively. Some surface is found in the phase space of produced $\pi^\pm$ -mesons in the inclusive reaction $\bar pp \to \pi^\pm X$ at 22.4 GeV/c, which separates two groups of particles with significantly different characteristics. In one of these regions a naive statistical model seems to be in a good agreement with data, whereas it fails in the second region.

Light-cone approach to the quantum space-time description

Proofs have been given that the light-cone approximation can be analyzed in terms of the extended quantum-mechanical description of the space-time measurements by the complex numbers. It is then proved that the so established description is able to support both the asymptotical scale-invariant cross sections and the threshold behavior of the high-energy production processes.

Lorentz deformation and the jet phenomenon

It is shown that the Lorentz-deformation property discussed in previous papers is consistent with the hadronic jet phenomenon in high-energy production processes.

On semi-inclusive rapidity correlations

A model-independent qualitative discussion on semi-inclusive rapidity correlations in high-energy multi-particle production processes is presented. Connection with previous results on the same subject are pointed out. Finally, one discusses semi-inclusive rapidity correlations in terms of reduced rapidities.

Nuclear Structure and High-Energy Production Processes

Nuclear Structure and High-Energy Production Processes

Imprecision description of the threshold behaviour of the high-energy pairs annihilation and production processes

The time operators corresponding to the whole Dirac and Klein-Gordon fields and the expressions of the time imprecisions associated to the pairs annihilation and subsequent production processes have been evaluated. In these conditions there exists the possibility of assuming the existence of a threshold behaviour of the above processes. Certain peculiarities of the threshold behaviour obtained in this way are related with certain results obtained by virtue of the imprecision description of the coulombian interaction. Finally, the meaning and role of the electromagnetic natural space unit is also discussed.

Quark-Fragmentation Models for Very-High-Energy Production Processes

The qualitative features of models for high-energy production processes based on the fragmentation of the dressed quarks assumed to make up hadrons are discussed. It appears that, if quarks are very massive (i.e., quark mass $\ensuremath{\approx}10 \frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{{c}^{2}}$), such models could explain in a simple way the experimental elusiveness of quarks, the limitations on transverse momenta observed in production reactions, the average inelasticity observed in cosmic-ray proton interactions, the abundance of pions produced in high-energy collisions, and the large transverse momenta observed in air showers for primary particle energies above ${10}^{6}$ GeV.

Models for high-energy production processes: A critical discussion

Models for high-energy production processes: A critical discussion

Correlations Between Neutral and Charged Pions in Multiparticle Production

We investigate the dynamical significance of correlations between ${〈{n}_{0}〉}_{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${n}_{\ensuremath{-}}$, where ${〈{n}_{0}〉}_{\ensuremath{-}}$ is the mean number of neutral pions observed in conjunction with ${n}_{\ensuremath{-}}$ negative tracks in high-energy multiparticle production processes. Several models are treated in turn. Pions are assumed to be produced either singly or in clusters, according to a Poisson or inverse-power distribution. Influences of charge, isospin, and energy-momentum conservation are studied. The linear rise of ${〈{n}_{0}〉}_{\ensuremath{-}}$ vs ${n}_{\ensuremath{-}}$ observed experimentally at very high energies is shown to rule out some models of multiperipheral type, but is in accord with fragmentation models and with a multiperipheral model in which $\ensuremath{\rho}$- or $\ensuremath{\omega}$-type meson clusters are emitted.

Analysis of the reaction pp → p( ππ) 0 p, and the question of double pomeron exchange in high-energy production processes

A low-mass S-wave ( ππ) 0 enhancement is observed in the reaction pp → p ( ππ) 0 p at 12 and 24 GeV/ c incident momentum. The mechanism for producing these low-mass pion pairs is investigated, and it is shown that double pomeron exchange can contribute at most 5% to their production cross section at 24 GeV/ c.

Asymptotic behaviour in some eikonal models for production

The high energy behaviour of the total cross section is investigated in the frame of eikonal models for high-energy production processes. The dynamics is introduced by means of phenimenological Hamiltonians; the results are compared with the results of other kinds of dynamics, particularly with some procedure of unitarization of the multiperipheral model.