High Energy Li-ion Capacitors Research Articles

Defect Engineered Dendritic Fibrous Nanosilica as Prospective Alloy Anode for the Fabrication of High-Energy Li-Ion Capacitors with Ultralong Durability

Defect Engineered Dendritic Fibrous Nanosilica as Prospective Alloy Anode for the Fabrication of High-Energy Li-Ion Capacitors with Ultralong Durability

Co3O4 Nanosheets as Battery-Type Electrode for High-Energy Li-Ion Capacitors: A Sustained Li-Storage via Conversion Pathway.

We report the excellent charge storage performance of high-energy Li-ion capacitors (LIC) fabricated from the mesoporous Co3O4 nanosheets as the conversion-type battery component and Jack fruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) derived activated carbon as a supercapacitor electrode, especially at high temperatures (50 and 40 °C). Prior to the fabrication, the electrochemical prelithiation strategy was applied to Co3O4 to alleviate the irreversibility and enrich the Li-ions for electrochemical reactions (Co0 + Li2O). The LIC delivered a maximum energy density of ∼118 Wh kg-1 at a high temperature of 50 °C. The significant difference is observed at a high rate of 2.6 kW kg-1 at 50 °C with excellent cycle stability up to 3000 cycles, with a retention of ∼87% compared with the LIC cycled at room temperature (∼74%). The magnificent electrochemical performance clearly demonstrates that the mesoporous structure and residual carbon synergistically facilitated the Li+/electron transport and hinder undesirable side reactions with electrolytes to realize high-energy density at high temperatures.

Carbon coated 3D Nb2O5 hollow nanospheres with superior performance as an anode for high energy Li-ion capacitors

Carbon coated porous hollow Nb2O5 nanospheres are designed for lithium-ion capacitors. The carbon layer limits the agglomeration of Nb2O5 and improves the conductivity. The hollow structure accommodates volume expansion and facilitates ion transport.

All-Solid-State Electrospun Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)/Li7.1La3Ba0.05Zr1.95O12 Nanohybrid Membrane Electrolyte for High-Energy Li-Ion Capacitors

Herein, we prepared all-solid-state electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)/Li7.1La3Ba0.05Zr1.95O12 nanohybrid membrane electrolytes (esHPMEs) by an electrospinning ...

All carbon based high energy lithium-ion capacitors from biomass: The role of crystallinity

We report all carbon-based high energy Li-ion capacitor from environmentally threatening bio-source, prosopis juliflora. The pyrolyzed carbon exhibits a few layers of graphene-like structure and tubular morphology with multiple inherent heteroatoms like N, S, and Ca. Presence of such heteroatoms are certainly beneficial to the betterment of electrical conductivity, and pore generation which eventually results in an enhancement in capacity/capacitance of carbonaceous materials. The electrochemical pre-lithiation strategy is used to mitigate the irreversibility observed, and eventually employed as a negative electrode in a hybrid configuration. This LIC delivered a high energy density of ∼216 and 185 Wh kg−1 at ambient (25 °C) and elevated temperature (55 °C) conditions, respectively. Further, ∼94% initial capacity is retained after 5000 cycles with minimum fading of 0.0013% per cycle at ambient temperature. This results clearly demonstrate that the surface functionality and heteroatom doping with tubular structure synergistically facilitates the Li+ and electron transport properties to realize higher energy density for this fascinating all carbon-based Li-ion capacitor.

T-Nb2O5 embedded carbon nanosheets with superior reversibility and rate capability as an anode for high energy Li-ion capacitors

A lithium-ion capacitor was fabricated by using T-Nb2O5/GCN anode and GCN cathode, which exhibits excellent energy/power density in 0–3.5 V and bridges the gap between batteries and supercapacitors.

Elongated graphitic hollow nanofibers from vegetable oil as prospective insertion host for constructing advanced high energy Li-Ion capacitor and battery

We report the facile and low temperature synthesis of one dimensional graphitic fibers with hollow structured morphology (VO-CF) by modified chemical vapor deposition using vegetable oil as a carbon source. Graphitization of the prepared phase is validated with various analytical tools. Prior to the fabrication of charge storage devices like Li-ion battery (LIB) and Li-ion capacitor (LIC), Li-insertion properties of VO-CF is studied in half-cell assembly. Mass adjustment between the electrodes are very crucial and adjusted for aforesaid energy storage devices. Pre-treatment or pre-lithiation is carried out using an electrochemical approach in Swagelok fittings with Li. LIB assembly with LiFePO4 delivered a maximum energy density of ∼233 Wh kg−1 whereas the LIC displayed the energy density of ∼112 Wh kg−1 when paired with activated carbon electrode. Both LIB and LIC assemblies rendered very decent cycling profiles for extended 500 and 10000 cycles, respectively.

Peculiar Li-storage mechanism at graphene edges in turbostratic carbon black and their application in high energy Li-ion capacitor

We report experimental evidence for the specific Li-storage at turbostratic graphene edges of a well-known and cheap Super P® carbon black (Csp) material, which is usually used as a conductive additive in composite electrodes. Indeed, operando XRD and HR-TEM consistently demonstrate Li insertion occurs with zero expansion of graphene layer up to a composition of Li0.4C6 (150 mA h/g) that is reached at 0.01 V vs. Li+/Li. 7Li NMR substantiates these results and suggests that the weak electronic transfer from the carbon host to the intercalant could help local reorganization of the layer order as suggested by the unexpected reversible changes of the (002) Bragg peak intensity during the charge-discharge process. Our observations also indicate this insertion mechanism is kinetically favored resulting in remarkable cycling stability over 1000 cycles and power capability allowing to sustain 110 mA h/g at 8 A/g (21 C) in half cell. The capability of Csp as an efficient anode is ultimately demonstrated in a lithium hybrid capacitor against a positive electrode of activated carbon. The full cell delivers a maximum energy of 120 Wh/kg (4.3–2 V) and remarkable capacity retention over 1800 cycles.

High energy Li-ion capacitor and battery using graphitic carbon spheres as an insertion host from cooking oil

We report a facile low-temperature synthesis of graphitic carbons with a spherically shaped morphology (CO-CS) and high purity by the modified catalytic chemical vapour deposition using vegetable cooking oil as a carbon source.

Exploring High‐Energy Li‐I(r)on Batteries and Capacitors with Conversion‐Type Fe3O4‐rGO as the Negative Electrode

AbstractWe report a microwave‐assisted solvothermal process for the preparation of magnetite (Fe3O4, ca. 5 nm)‐anchored reduced graphene oxide (rGO). It has been examined as a prospective conversion‐type negative electrode for multiple energy storage applications, such as Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) and Li‐ion capacitors (LICs). A LiFePO4/Fe3O4‐rGO cell is constructed and capable of delivering an energy density of approximately 139 Wh kg−1 with a notable cyclability (ca. 76 %) after 500 cycles. Prior to the fabrication of a LIB, the Fe3O4‐rGO is electrochemically pretreated to eliminate the irreversible capacity loss. In addition to the LIB, a high‐energy LIC is also fabricated by using the pre‐lithiated Fe3O4‐rGO composite as the anode and commercial activated carbon as the cathode. This LIC registered a maximum energy density of approximately 114 Wh kg−1 with good cyclability. For both the LIB and LIC, the mass loading between the electrodes was adjusted based on the performance with metallic Li. The improved electrochemical performance of Fe3O4‐rGO over existing materials is a promising development in the quest for novel, fast, low cost, and efficient energy storage systems without compromising the eco‐friendliness

Fabrication of High Energy Li–Ion Capacitors from Orange Peel Derived Porous Carbon

AbstractActivated carbon (AC) with high surface area (1,901 m2 g−1) is synthesized from bio‐waste orange (Citrus sinensis) peel for fabrication of high specific energy lithium ion capacitors (LICs). The composition, structure and electrochemical properties of orange peel derived AC (OP‐AC) are characterized by elemental analyzer, field emission‐scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammogram, charge‐discharge and impedance studies. Fabricated LIC using the high surface area OP‐AC with pre‐lithiated graphite (LiC6) delivered specific energy of ∼106 Wh kg−1. In addition, LIC configuration with Li4Ti5O12 was also fabricated and observed to be capable of delivering the specific energy of ∼35 Wh kg−1. Symmetric configuration of OP‐AC with aqueous and organic solutions was also made for comparison purpose. A systematic improvement from the specific energy of ∼7 to 106 Wh kg−1 is noted from aqueous to LIC assembly. The findings open up the possibility of developing high specific energy LICs from abundant, low‐cost, sustainable biomass waste.

Highly mesoporous carbon from Teak wood sawdust as prospective electrode for the construction of high energy Li-ion capacitors

We report the fabrication of high energy Li-ion capacitor (LIC) using teak wood sawdust derived mesoporous activated carbon (AC-HBP) with electrochemically pre-lithiated graphite (LiC6). Three interesting supercapacitor assemblies are constructed using AC-HBP to realize the high energy density. Amongst, AC-HBP paired with LiC6 delivered a maximum energy density of ∼111Whkg−1 compared to Li4Ti5O12 in LIC (∼53Whkg−1) and AC-HBP (∼37Whkg−1) in symmetric configurations. This excellent energy density is mainly ascribed to the tailored mesoporous nature (∼67%) of the high surface area activated carbon (2108m2g−1) obtained via hydrothermal carbonization process in the presence of processing agent, benzene tetracarboxylic acid followed by physico-chemical activation.

High energy Li-ion capacitors using two-dimensional TiSe0.6S1.4 as insertion host

A remarkable improvement in energy density was found using Se-substituted two-dimensional TiS2 (TiSe0.6S1.4) as the insertion matrix in a Li-ion capacitor (LIC) assembly with activated carbon (AC) as the counter electrode.

Unveiling two-dimensional TiS2 as an insertion host for the construction of high energy Li-ion capacitors

Herein, we report, for the first time, the possibility of using TiS2 as an insertion host for the fabrication of high energy and high power Li-ion capacitors with commercial activated carbon.

High energy Li-ion capacitors with conversion type Mn3O4particulates anchored to few layer graphene as the negative electrode

We report the fabrication of high energy Li-ion capacitors (LICs) using conversion type Mn3O4octahedrons anchored to few layer graphene (Mn3O4-G) as the negative electrode with activated carbon (AC) as the positive one.

Macroporous carbon from human hair: A journey towards the fabrication of high energy Li-ion capacitors

Human hair is a cheap and easily available source of carbon to be used as high performance electrode for electrochemical energy storage devices. In the present work, human hair is pre-treated and then activated using NaOH before being employed as electrode. The resulted activated carbon (ACHH) exhibits a high specific surface area of 1116m2g−1 which is one of the pre-requisite for it to be used as an electrode for supercapacitor applications. ACHH delivered a specific capacitance of ∼115Fg−1 at a current density of 100mAg−1 in single electrode configuration with Li in the presence of organic medium. This result was followed by the fabrication of symmetric supercapacitor and delivered an energy density of 19.2Whkg−1. The energy density has been further improved by introducing an insertion type electrode, Li4Ti5O12 in Li-ion hybrid electrochemical capacitor (Li-HEC) assembly. The combined battery-supercapacitor type reactions in Li-HEC recorded the maximum energy density of 23Whkg−1. An excellent cycleability is noted for both symmetric and Li-HEC in an organic medium.