High Electronegativity Research Articles

“Cation/anion with co-solvation” type high-voltage aqueous electrolyte enabled by strong hydrogen bonding

Aqueous electrolytes are important charge transport media in various electrochemical applications. However, the water splitting seriously limits the operation voltage of aqueous electrolytes. Thus, further widening the electrochemical stability window (ESW) of aqueous electrolytes is great of importance. Here, based on the high charge density and high electro-negativity of halogen anions (F-), we proposed a “cation/anion with co-solvation” type 16 m KF aqueous electrolyte that can achieve a high conductivity of 196 mS cm−1, a record 3.4 V ESW based on stainless steel mesh and even 6.72 V ESW based on Al metal electrode that is much higher than the highest value currently reported. Such excellent feature is attributed to the strong hydrogen bonds between the F- anions and the water molecules at high concentrations. This work is helpful to provide a new path for design of ideal high-voltage aqueous electrolytes and to understand the important role of anions in aqueous electrolytes at the molecular level.

Effect of Low Chloride and Sulfate Concentrations on Corrosion Behavior of Aluminum and Zinc Arc Thermal Sprayed Coatings

The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of arc sprayed zinc and aluminum coatings as materials for protective coatings of different heating systems. The most aggressive chemical agents occurring in heating water are chloride and sulfate anions. Both ions are responsible for the corrosion of metals due to their high electronegativity and standard electrochemical potential. Water in heating systems should not contain more than 150 mg/L anions, including no more than 50 mg/L of chlorides and 100 mg/L of sulfates. To determine the corrosion resistance of three types of zinc and aluminum coatings, open circuit potential and linear polarization resistance (LPR) tests were conducted in eight alkaline solutions with different sulfate and chloride contents. The SEM/EDS structural properties of sprayed coatings at specific arc process parameters were investigated. Zinc coatings exhibit the most stable corrosion potentials in varying environments but have higher corrosion current density. Aluminum coatings exhibit much higher potential values in a chloride environment than in any other. A chloride environment also causes the lowest corrosion rates for aluminum-coated samples. A small addition of aluminum to the zinc coating (15 wt.%) does not appear to affect the stability of the corrosion potential but does result in a reduction in corrosion rates in chloride solutions.

ORAOV 1 Detection Made with Metal Organic Frameworks Based on Ti3C2Tx MXene.

In this work, a two-dimensional (2D) MOF sheet with electrochemiluminescence (ECL) activity is prepared with Ti3C2Tx MXene as the metal precursor and the meso-tetra(4-carboxyl-phenyl) porphyrin (H2TCPP) as the organic ligand. The atomically thin 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene is utilized as the metal precursor and soft template to produce the MOF with a 2D nanosheet morphology (Ti3C2Tx-PMOF). Ti3C2Tx MXene is a kind of strong electron acceptor, which can deprotonate H2TCPP due to the high electronegativity and low work function of its terminal atoms. The deprotonated H2TCPP continues to bind with Ti atoms to form the 2D MOF sheet. The ECL activity is inherited from H2TCPP and stabilized by introducing Ag NPs. Then, we construct an ECL biosensor based on the Ag NPs/Ti3C2Tx-PMOF to detect the oral cancer overexpressed 1 (ORAOV 1). A bipedal three-dimensional DNA walker strategy is adopted to further improve the biosensor sensitivity. As expected, the biosensor exhibits sterling sensitivity and selectivity. The ECL biosensor responds linearly to ORAOV 1 concentrations in the range of 10 fM-1 nM, and the detection limit is as low as 3.3 fM (S/N = 3). It means that Ag NPs/Ti3C2Tx-PMOF is a potential material to design and construct the high-performance ECL biosensors.

Characterization of 2-Fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine in Duplex, G-Quadruplex and i-Motif.

Among various kinds of fluorine-substituted biomolecules, 2-fluoroadenine (2FA) and its derivatives have been actively investigated as therapeutic reagents, radio-sensitizers, and 19 F NMR probes. In spite of their excellent properties, DNA containing 2FA has not been studied well. For fundamental understanding and future applications to the development of functional nucleic acids, we characterized 2FA-containing oligonucleotides for canonical right-handed DNA duplex, G-quadruplex, and i-motif structures. Properties of 2FA were similar to native adenine due to the small size of the fluorine atom, but it showed unique features caused by high electronegativity. This work provides useful information for future application of 2FA-modified DNA.

Modelling of Positive Streamers in SF6 Gas under Non-Uniform Electric Field Conditions: Effect of Electronegativity on Streamer Discharges

The use of SF6 in electrical insulation and fast-switching applications cannot be overemphasized. This is due to its excellent dielectric properties and high breakdown voltage, which are especially important for practical applications such as gas-insulated switchgears and pulsed power switches where pressurized SF6 is used. Breakdown in the gas occurs via streamer–leader transition; however, this transition is difficult to quantify numerically at atmospheric pressure because of the electronegativity of the gas. In the present work, streamer discharges in SF6 gas at pressures of 10 and 100 kPa were studied using a plasma fluid model implementation. Analysis of the electric field in the streamer body, streamer velocity, diameter, and the effect of the high electronegativity of the gas on streamer parameters are presented for positive polarity in a point-to-plane geometry. The streamers in SF6 for non-uniform background fields are compared to those in air, which have already been studied extensively in the literature.

Facile synthesis and lithium storage mechanism study of directly usable tin-based metal organic framework

• Tin-based MOFs have been successfully prepared and directly applied to Li-ion storage without annealing treatment. • The modified Sn-PA anode material has excellent electrochemical properties such as high reversible capacity and long-cycle stability. • The stable structural unit of Sn-PA and the active sites of Sn and O atoms are considered the reason for their excellent electrochemical performance. Tin-based materials have been demonstrated to be promising candidates for LIBs owing to their dramatic lithium storage properties. However, its large volume variation and poor cyclic stability severely impede practical utilization. In the present study, a novel Sn-based metal–organic framework (Sn-PA) has been one-step synthesized by a facile low-temperature aqueous solution method and has been directly used as anode materials, without subsequent annealing treatment. The simulated structure diagram and theoretically calculated revealed that in Sn-PA MOFs, Tin ions combine with four oxygen atoms from three organic ligands to form a stable and unique network structure. With a layered network structure and efficient electron transport channels, the Sn-PA electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, achieves a high reversible capacity of 1530 mAh g −1 after 400 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g −1 , and provides a highly stable capacity of 777 mAh g −1 at a high current density of 5 A g −1 . Kinetic analyses verified that the reversible synergistic effects between O atoms with high electro-negativity and Sn atoms with high capacity, as the main storage center of lithium ions, contribute to its excellent electrochemical performance.

Superhalogen Passivation for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Metal‐halide perovskites are optoelectronic materials applied to solar cells as a light absorber due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) reaches 25.7% certified, which stands in comparison with Si solar cells. Importantly, compositional engineering of perovskites has been one of the keys to the breakthrough. However, the presence of defects within perovskites is a matter of importance as it can cause nonradiative recombination of charge carriers. In addition, defect migration can degrade the photovoltaic performance and stability of PSCs. Previous studies have commonly addressed that iodide‐related defects such as interstitial iodide and iodide vacancy are problematic due to their low formation energy. Thus, halide engineering is imperative to mitigate the defect‐related dynamics and improve the materials quality of perovskites. In this sense, superhalogen is a promising candidate for defect passivation and stabilization of perovskites based on its higher electronegativity and electron affinity than halides, which are beneficial to the formation of a more robust interaction with adjacent elements in perovskites. This perspective gives an overview of studies regarding the use of superhalogen to develop efficient and stable PSCs and concludes with an outlook of further research directions.

Fluorine-doped carbon: A metal-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction to peroxide

Electrochemical synthesis in-situ of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an alternative to the anthraquinone oxidation (AO) process. The catalyst with high performance and excellent stability is the key part of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Fluorine (F) has high electronegativity, which can induce the polarization of adjacent carbon, produce active centers and increase the force between oxygen and carbon. In this work, we used a simple synthesis method to prepare F-doped carbon electrocatalyst in F2 atmosphere. The F-doped carbon as cathode was used to generate H2O2 via the two-electron pathway. The H2O2 concentration and selectivity of catalyst can reach 2837.5 mg L−1 and 95.7% after electrolyzing three hours, respectively. The linear sweep voltammetry shows that the onset potential of F-doped carbon is 37 mV more positive than that of pristine carbon, and its limited current density of catalyst reach 5.882 mA cm−2. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation demonstrates the covalent bonds CF2 can activate O2 and promote desorption of intermediate OOH to enhance H2O2 production. The prepared F-doped carbon with excellent performance and outstanding cycle durability is a promising electrocatalyst.

In Situ Anchoring Anion‐Rich and Multi‐Cavity NiS2 Nanoparticles on NCNTs for Advanced Magnesium‐Ion Batteries

Magnesium (Mg)‐ion batteries with low cost and good safety characteristics has attracted a great deal of attention recently. However, the high polarity and the slow diffusion of Mg2+ in the cathode material limit the development of practical Mg cathode materials. In this paper, an anion‐rich electrode material, NiS2, and its composite with Ni‐based carbon nanotubes (NiS2/NCNTs) are explored as the cathode materials for Mg‐ion batteries. These NiS2/NCNTs with excellent Mg2+ storage property is synthesized by a simple in situ growth of NiS2 nanoparticles on NCNTs. NiS2 with both a large regular cavity structure and abundant sulfur‐sulfur (S—S) bonds with high electronegativity can provide a large number of active sites and unobstructed transport paths for the insertion–disinsertion of Mg2+. With the aid of 3D NCNTs skeleton as the transport channel of the electron, the NiS2/NCNTs exhibit a high capacity of 244.5 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and an outstanding rate performance (94.7 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1). It achieves capacitance retention of 58% after 2000 cycles at 200 mA g−1. Through theoretical density functional theory (DFT) calculations and a series of systematic ex situ characterizations, the magnesiation/demagnesiation mechanisms of NiS2 and NiS2/NCNTs and are elucidated for fundamental understanding.

Ethynyl-SF4-Pyridines: Reagents for SF4-Alkynylation to Carbonyl Compounds.

The trans-tetrafluoro-λ6-sulfanyl (SF4) unit is medicinally attractive because of its high electronegativity, lipophilicity, and unique hypervalent structure. The trans-SF4 unit can characteristically connect two independent molecules linearly. However, there is no example of the use of this unit for medicinal chemistry due to difficulties in synthesis. We report the first synthesis of (ethynyl-trans-tetrafluoro-λ6-sulfanyl)pyridines (t-ethynyl-SF4-pyridines) and their use as versatile reagents for the first direct SF4-alkynylation to carbonyl compounds. The addition reaction of t-ethynyl-SF4-pyridines to the carbonyl group in the presence of MeLi smoothly afforded pyridine-SF4-propargylic tertiary and secondary alcohols in high yields.

Embedding of zinc peroxide (ZnO2) nano-particles into PEDOT:PSS for fabricating a new PEDOT:PSS/ZnO2 system with promising thermoelectric functions

Recently, conducting polymers have been widely used in thermoelectric (TE) technology, owing to their bendability, easy processability, their low intrinsic thermal conductivity and their distinct TE functions. Thus, in this respect, a new TE system based on Poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene):Poly(styrenesulphonate) and Zinc peroxide nano-particles (PEDOT:PSS/ZnO2) has been constructed for TE purposes. The impact of ZnO2 content on the anisotropic (in plane//and through plane ⊥) TE functions has been investigated at 300 K. At ZnO2 = 60 wt%, PEDOT:PSS/ZnO2 system owns an optimal σ//∼1348.33 ± 27.5 S/m and σ⊥∼791.68 ± 30.9 S/m higher than σ//∼870.16 ± 26.5 S/m and σ⊥∼512.59 ± 12.58 S/m of PEDOT:PSS thanks to the great surface area, high dispersion, high electronegativity nature of ZnO2, besides, the strong interactions between ZnO2 and PEDOT:PSS, and the increase in the carrier mobility. The PEDOT:PSS/ZnO2 system owns an optimal S// ∼31.63 ± 0.35 μV/K and S⊥∼25.76 ± 0.20 μV/K at ZnO2 = 60 wt% higher than S// ∼15.5 ± 0.5 μV/K and S⊥∼10.66 ± 0.37 μV/K for PEDOT:PSS thanks to the decrease in the carrier concentration. The PEDOT:PSS/ZnO2 system owns an optimal PF//∼1.34 ± 0.04 μW/mK2 and PF⊥∼0.52 ± 0.04 μW/mK2 at ZnO2 = 60 wt% higher than PF//∼0.20 ± 0.04 μW/mK2 and PF⊥∼0.05 ± 0.01 μW/mK2 for PEDOT:PSS owing to the energy filtering effects at the interfaces and the increase in the carrier mobilities. Accordingly, the obtained zT// ∼4.26 ± 0.2 × 10─4 and zT⊥ ∼2.72 ± 0.1 × 10─4 have been achieved at 300 K for ZnO2 = 60 wt%. The system displays a high environmental (humid and air) stability. Finally, the suggested system which is based on PEDOT:PSS and peroxide metals shows promising TE functions for many applications such as electronic, temperature sensing and wearable technology.

Effect of selected dopants on conductivity and moisture stability of Li3PS4 sulfide solid electrolyte: a first-principles study

The first principle computational screening was performed to investigate the effect of selected dopants for Li3PS4 sulfide solid electrolyte on its ionic conductivity and stability toward moisture. The results suggest that substitution P5+ using isovalent cations whose electronegativity (EN) value is closer to the value of S has more significant effects on the ionic conductivity, whereby W5+ and Sb5+ can improve most. Similarly, aliovalent cation substitutions with compensating changes in the lithium-ion concentration, particularly those with a lower oxidation state and higher EN, such as Cu2+, effectively enhance the lithium-ion conductivity in this structure. For cation dopants, it is found that ionic conductivity improvement of Li3PS4 is the synergetic effect of EN and oxidation number of the dopant as well as the material's lattice parameter change. Oxides of the considered cation dopants can also improve the ionic conductivity of the material but have much lower lithium-ion conductivity than the cases of cation dopants. However, the metal oxide dopants, particularly those derived from soft Lewis' acid cations, show a marginal improvement in moisture stability of the Li3PS4 electrolyte. The effect of halides and metal halide dopants on the lithium-ion conductivity and moisture stability of Li3PS4 electrolyte are also studied. It is found that metal halides are more effective than any other dopants in improving the ionic conductivity of Li3PS4.

A comparative study on the stability of the furfural molecule on the low index Ni, Pd and Pt surfaces.

We present a comparative density functional theory investigation of the furfural (Ff) molecule on the low index Ni, Pd and Pt surfaces to understand its geometrical and electronic properties to gain mechanistic insights into the experimentally measured catalytic reactivities of these metal catalysts. We show that the number of metal d-states, which hybridize with the nearest C and O p-orbitals of the Ff molecule, can be used to explain the stability of the Ff molecule on these surfaces. We find that the hybridization between atoms with higher electronegativity and the metal d-states plays a crucial role in determining the stability of these systems. Furthermore, we also find electron transfer from metal to the Ff molecule on the Ni and Pd surfaces, with a reverse process occurring on the Pt surface.

The assessment of physicochemical properties of Cisplatin complexes with purines and vitamins B group

The positively charged products of Cisplatin hydrolysis can form bonds with Guanine and Adenine, showing the ability to crosslink with nucleobases within the double helical DNA, and leading to apoptosis of the neoplastic cell. It has been proved that the presence of chemicals other than nucleobases, compound of aromatic rings with a nitrogen lone pair on the ring, such as B vitamins, may have a competitive character in relation to a chemotherapeutic drug. A theoretical study confirms the stability of bonds formed not only between Cisplatin and Guanine/Adenine but also Cisplatin and B vitamins, namely Thiamine (vit.B1), Niacin (vit.B3), Riboflavin (vit.B2) and Pyridoxal phosphate (vit.B6). That is why it seems to be justified to conduct the research on the physicochemical, thermochemical and optical properties of mono and diaqua complexes of Cisplatin with nucleobases and B vitamins. Equally important is carrying out such research as spectroscopic measurements, bond order analysis and vibrational analysis of the studied complexes. The complexation reaction is spontaneous and thermodynamically favored with the high electronegativity value, a shift of the electron density from the metal zone towards organic compounds, a reduction the value of gap parameter and a shift of the maximum absorbance ΔλABS towards longer wavelengths. Moreover, the performed density variation upon photoexcitation showed the contributions from HOMO→LUMO transition, where the maximum of the absorption band shifts towards shorter wavelengths compared to the cisPt derivatives, thereby lowering the photoexcitation energy. The formation of complexes causes the reduction of energy gap (ΔEgap) values and show higher kinetic stability with high values of gap. The bonding energies between Cisplatin and the target molecules were performed. Cisplatin forms the strongest bonds with Guanine and Pyridoxal phosphate (vit.B6). The vibrations of Pt–N7 bond in complexes occur in the low range of frequencies with low intensities. Only in case of nucleobases appeared vibrations of Pt–N7 in high frequencies. The highest intensity is shown by symmetry and asymmetry stretching vibrations of H–O(H2O) bonds in the high range of frequencies. The vibrations related with ammonium groups (NH3) of great importance appear in the medium and high range of frequencies. The complexes with Guanine show the highest intensities. A theoretical IR spectra were studied. The obtained calculated IR spectra for native nucleobases and vitamins from B group were compared with their experimental FT-IR. So the conducted research provides theoretical knowledge in practical terms regarding the physicochemical and spectral properties of the formed Cisplatin complexes with both nucleobases and B vitamins. Theoretical and partially experimental studies of the molecular and electronic structure or prediction of spectroscopic characteristics are quite useful for better understanding of the reactivity of this drug with physiological target molecules.

Electrochemical Performance of Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene/Silicene Composite as a Pseudocapacitive Anode for Lithium‐ion Battery

AbstractSilicene, as a two‐dimensional (2D) nanostructure of silicon with many active sites for charge distribution, suitable space to control the volumetric strain, and an adjustable bandgap has attracted more attention as an anode for lithium‐ion batteries. Nitrogen, with a small radius and high electronegativity, is pretty good to form an n‐type configuration of silicene. Herein, single‐crystal silicene with adjusting nitrogen atoms at pyrrolic and graphitic sites in the graphene layer is identified by XRD, XPS, and Raman analyses for nitrogen‐doped graphene/silicene (NG/SNS) composite. Electrochemical performance of silicene exhibits the first intercalation/deintercalation capacity of 1030/768 mAh/g with 74 % Columbic efficiency (CE) at a current density of 10 mA/g, whereas NG3‐SNS with 0.3 g NG precursor shows the first intercalation/deintercalation capacity of 795/600 mAh/g with 75.4 % CE. Interestingly, NG3‐SNS indicates a stable specific capacity of ∼600 mAh/g at 200thcycle with 100 % CE and a second volumetric capacity of 3352 mAh/cm3with 80 % retention after 200 cycles at a current density of 100 mA/g. Subsequently, the high electronegativity of nitrogen results in lone pair in both hybridized configurations of graphitic‐NG and pyrrolic‐NG; which may cause effortless adsorption/desorption of Li+‐ion at the nitrogen sites, as well as, pyrrolic sites help to develop diffusion of Li+‐ion and graphitic sites help to accelerate the kinetics and surface‐controlled contributions.

Theoretical study on plasmonic applications of Gallium alloy (GaX, X = Ag, Al, Hg and In) nanospheres and nanoshells

Gallium (Ga) being easily morphed due to its soft matter texture and having high electronegativity is widely researched metal in the world of plasmonics. Liquid metal (LM) alloys in the form of spheres (dense) and hollow shell nanostructures has the potential to provide more functionality and enhanced sensitivity to their optical properties. The optical properties can further be increased by using Ag coatings on these liquid nanostructures with an increased stability towards oxidation and shape formation. We here theoretically study Ga alloys (GaAg, GaAl, GaHg and GaIn) observing their plasmonic properties and absorption efficiencies to search alternatives to widely used Gallium-indium alloy. Mie theory is used which provides the exact calculations of plasmon induced optical properties of nanoparticles (NPs). The optimized size of these complex nanostructures is discussed along with their potential applications. The broad band absorption is shown between 100 to 400 nm, and the peak values are tuned by size and shell thickness factor. The maximum absorption efficiency of 4.57 is observed for GaAg LM alloy.

Pd loading, Mn+ (n=1, 2, 3) metal ions doped TiO2 nanosheets for enhanced photocatalytic H2 production and reaction mechanism

Pd nanoparticles (NPs) loading, main group metal ions doped TiO 2 nanosheets were prepared by a hydrothermal method, followed by photo-deposition of Pd. The samples were characterized, and their photocatalytic hydrogen production activities were tested in a methanol aqueous solution. The effects of cationic charge, radius and concentration of the doping ions (Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Al 3+ ) on the photocatalytic activities were investigated systematically. The photocatalytic reaction mechanism was discussed by considering the three aspects: specific surface area, light absorption and charge transfer/separation. The results show that the cation dopings significantly increased the photocatalytic activities of the TiO 2 nanosheets, which may be attributed to the enhanced UV-vis light absorption and accelerated charge transfer/separation of the catalysts. Particularly, the Pd/0.2%K + -TiO 2 possesses the highest photocatalytic H 2 production activity (76.6 μmol h −1 ), which is more than twofold higher than that of the undoped Pd/TiO 2 . The apparent quantum efficiency of hydrogen evolution system reaches 3.0% at 365 nm. The high activity of the Pd/K + -TiO 2 may be attributed to the lower electronegativity of K + , caused by the lower cationic charge or the larger cationic radius, compared to Na + , Mg 2+ and Al 3+ . The doping metal cations with higher electronegativity may compete electrons with H + , which eventually partly depressed the reduction of H + to H 2 . • Pd loading main group metal ions doped TiO 2 nanosheets were synthesized. • Effects of cation charge, radius and content on photocatalytic activity were explored. • Photocatalytic H 2 evolution mechanism was discussed based on experimental results. • 0.2% K + doping increased the H 2 production efficiency by more than two times. • Enhanced light absorption and charge transfer due to M + doping led to higher activity.

Sustainability of active bulk plasma with high electronegativity in capacitive high frequency plasma

In a high-frequency capacitively coupled plasma (HF-CCP), few studies have been carried out for the transport of charged particles in the active bulk plasma with high electronegativity. The electric field E(t), specifically, time-varying reduced field E(t)/N g provides key knowledge about the characteristics of collisional bulk plasma. Numerical modeling is the only method for estimating E(t)/N g , while a limited number of collision cross sections and related transport parameters are available. Under these circumstances, we discuss how to estimate the reduced field E(t)/N g , i.e. E(t) in active bulk plasma with high electronegativity in HF-CCP through investigation of the correlation between the DC-critical reduced field and the HF-effective reduced field . Our previous discussion on the correlation is validated by increasing the number of results of . The relation between the electronegativity and the ionization degree is derived from the sustainable condition in the bulk plasma.

Enzymatic hydrolysis improves the stability of UHT treated faba bean protein emulsions

As an alternative to bovine milk, plant-based milks are gaining popularity in the global food market. However, industry faces various technological hurdles such as colloidal instability and sedimentation of these plant-based milk alternatives. Colloidal stability of UHT legume-based milk alternatives made from native and partially hydrolysed faba bean protein concentrate (FBPC) was investigated. FBPC was hydrolysed with alcalase for 5−90 min. Hydrolysates were assessed for physicochemical properties viz., degree of hydrolysis (DH), protein solubility, ζ-potential, and surface hydrophobicity. Extended enzymatic hydrolysis resulted in increased DH, protein solubility, higher electronegativity, and reduced surface hydrophobicity. Subsequently, oil-in-water emulsions (protein 5%) were prepared using either native FBPC or hydrolysates (DH 0–35%), 1% sunflower oil and 0.2% sunflower lecithin. These emulsions were homogenised and UHT treated, and then assessed for physicochemical properties. The findings revealed that emulsions stabilised by FBPC hydrolysates viz., 9 and 16% DH had better colloidal stability than native FBPC and other hydrolysates viz., 0–2, 30 and 35% DH, as indicated by droplet size, polydispersity index, flocculation index, coalescence index, surface charge and surface hydrophobicity. Overall, study showed that partial enzymatic hydrolysis of legume proteins may promote the colloidal stability of plant-based dairy alternative drinks.

Fluorous Metal–Organic Frameworks with Unique Cage-in-Cage Structures Featuring Fluorophilic Pore Surfaces for Efficient C 2 H 2 /CO 2 Separation

Fluorous Metal–Organic Frameworks with Unique Cage-in-Cage Structures Featuring Fluorophilic Pore Surfaces for Efficient C ₂ H ₂ /CO ₂ Separation