High Electrical Output Research Articles

Biomass‐Inspired Solar Evaporator for Simultaneous Steam and Power Generation Enhanced by Thermal‐Electric Effect

Solar‐driven interfacial evaporation systems have been considered to achieve broad application prospects in the field of cogeneration of steam and electricity. However, the electricity generated is often independent of the photothermal system, hindering their integration. Compared with traditional materials such as metals and semiconductors, the application of biomass materials can solve the problems of high cost and environmental pollution in the expansion and relevance of interfacial evaporation technology. Herein, the solar evaporator composed of carbonized sphagnum palustre with cellulose fabric (CSPF) is fabricated for simultaneous steam production and power generation. Additionally, a device consisting of the CSPF and other accessories such as heating wires is designed to enhance steam production by self‐driven electrothermal heating. The self‐driven solar evaporator endows enhanced evaporation rates to 2.12 kg m−2 h−1 under electrothermal effect and the high electrical energy outputs of 520 mV. The solar evaporator has good salt tolerance and excellent cycle stability, maintaining a high evaporation rate in high‐salt solutions and after 24 cycles of testing. The outdoor evaporation tests reveal the encouraging performance of the steam and energy generators in real environment. Such superior performance of comprehensive device has great potential for integrated and sustainable application in cogeneration systems.

A review of failure prognostics for predictive maintenance of offshore wind turbines

Offshore wind turbines (OWTs) are important facilities for wind power generation because of their low land use and high electricity output. However, the harsh environment and remote location of offshore sites make it difficult to conduct maintenance on turbines. To upkeep OWTs cost-effectively, predictive maintenance (PdM) is an appealing strategy for offshore wind industry. The heart of PdM is failure prognostics, which aims to predict an asset’s remaining useful life (RUL) based on condition monitoring (CM). To provide references to PdM of OWTs, this paper presents a systematic review of failure prognostic models for wind turbines. In this review, data-driven models, model-based models, and hybrid models are classified and presented for model selection. The findings reveal that it is promising to develop hybrid models in the future and combine the advantages of data-driven and model-based models. Currently, the internal combinations of machine learning methods and statistical approaches in data-driven models are more common than exterior linkages between data-driven models and model-based models. The limitations and strengths of different models are discussed, and opportunities for developing hybrid models are highlighted in the conclusion.

Ultralight, Elastic, Hybrid Aerogel for Flexible/Wearable Piezoresistive Sensor and Solid-Solid/Gas-Solid Coupled Triboelectric Nanogenerator.

Aerogels have been attracting wide attentions in flexible/wearable electronics because of their light weight, excellent flexibility, and electrical conductivity. However, multifunctional aerogel-based flexible/wearable electronics for human physiological/motion monitoring, and energy harvest/supply for mobile electronics, have been seldom reported yet. In this study, a kind of hybrid aerogel (GO/CNT HA) based on graphene oxide (GO) and carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CMWCNTs) is prepared which can not only used as piezoresistive sensors for human motion and physiological signal detections, but also as high performance triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) coupled with both solid-solid and gas-solid contact electrifications (CE). The repeatedly loading-unloading tests with 20000 cycles exhibit its high and ultrastable piezoresistive sensor performances. Moreover, when the obtained aerogel is used as the electrode of a TENG, high electric output performance is produced due to the synergistic effect of solid-solid, and gas-solid interface CEs (3D electrification: solid-solid interface CE between the two solid electrification layers; gas-solid interface CE between the inner surface of GO/CNT HA and the air filled in the aerogel pores). This kind of aerogel promises good applications for human physiological/motion monitoring and energy harvest/supply in flexible/wearable electronics such as piezoresistive sensors and flexible TENG.

A Biocompatible Self-Powered Piezoelectric Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Based Hydrogel for Diabetic Wound Repair.

Acute and chronic wounds, caused by trauma, tumors, diabetic foot ulcers, etc., are usually difficult to heal, while applying exogenous electrical stimulation to enhance the endogenous electric field in the wound has been proven to significantly accelerate wound healing. However, traditional electrical stimulation devices require an additional external power supply, making them poor in portability and comfort. In this work, a self-powered piezoelectric poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composite hydrogel is constructed by establishing a distinctive preparation process of freezing/thawing-solvent replacement-annealing-swelling. The hydrogen bonding in the hydrogel is remarkably enhanced by the annealing-swelling process, which is stronger between PVA/PVDF molecules than that between PVA molecules, promoting transformation of the α-phase into the electroactive β-phase PVDF and facilitating formation of a much more crystalline structure with high cross-linking density. Hence, an obvious piezoelectric response with high piezoelectric coefficient and electrical signal output with superior stability and sensitivity and excellent mechanical strength and stretchability was achieved for hydrogels. PVA/PVDF composite hydrogels with good cytocompatibility significantly promote proliferation, migration, and secretion of extracellular matrix proteins and growth factors of fibroblasts, possibly through activating the AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. In a wound model of diabetic rats, piezoelectric hydrogels could not only rapidly attract wound exudate and maintain the wet environment of the wound bed but also convert the mechanical energy generated by rats' physical activities into electrical energy, so as to provide local piezoelectric stimulation to the wound bed evenly and symmetrically in real time. Such an effect significantly promotes re-epithelialization and collagen deposition and increases angiogenesis and secretion of growth factors in wound tissue. Besides, it regulates the macrophage phenotype from the M1 subtype (pro-inflammatory subtype) to the M2 subtype (anti-inflammatory subtype) and reduces the expression levels of inflammatory factors, thus accelerating wound healing. The development of such a novel piezoelectric hydrogel provides new therapeutic strategies for chronic wound healing.

Triboelectric nanogenerators stimulated electroacupuncture (EA) treatment for promoting the functional recovery after spinal cord injury

Electroacupuncture (EA), as a particular type of electrostimulation treatment, has an extensive application in the field of biomedicine. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has sparked significant concern attributed to the high electrical output with low cost, whose electrical signals can also be directly usable for electrical stimulation. Here we propose a Chinese medicine EA treatment with the assistance of TENG technology, in which a bidirectional continuous current from a soft-contact freestanding rotary TENG (FR-TENG) is applied to two effective acupoints of rats by inserting electric needles. The TENG-driven EA treatment promotes the performance of gait 2 weeks after as well as the Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan (BBB) score. This elevation last as long as 4 weeks post injury. Moreover, the TENG-driven EA treatment enhances neuron survival in the ventral horn and inhibits astrocyte activation in the lesion site. Therefore, the TENG-driven EA treatment provides a significant neuroprotection effect on spinal cord contusion in rats. Our studies not only demonstrate the possibility of the TENG-driven EA treatment for traumatic central nervous system injuries but also provide an experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of diseases by traditional Chinese medicine treatment.

Fully stretchable, porous MXene-graphene foam nanocomposites for energy harvesting and self-powered sensing

The growing demand for intelligent wearable electronic devices has spurred the rapid developments of high-performance deformable power supplies such as triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) with high output performance. However, the intrinsically stretchable TENGs especially those prepared with low-cost manufacturing approaches still suffer from poor performance. To address the challenge, this paper presents a fully stretchable TENG consisting of an intrinsically stretchable MXene/silicone elastomer and silver nanowires (Ag NWs)-graphene foam nanocomposite. The intrinsically stretchable TENG exhibits high output performance (voltage, current, and power of 73.6 V, 7.75 μA, and 2.76 W m−2), long-term reliability, and stable electrical output under various extreme deformation conditions. In addition to the application on the human skin and clothing for human motion monitoring and detecting the strength training postures, the intrinsically stretchable TENG can also harvest the intermittent mechanical energy from human bodies to charge various energy storage units such as commercial capacitors for driving wearable electronic devices. The resulting systems have been demonstrated in applications from home anti-theft to water resources early warning systems, which provide the proof-of-the-concept demonstrations for the next-generation standalone device platforms.

A nano-micro structure engendered abrasion resistant, superhydrophobic, wearable triboelectric yarn for self-powered sensing

Smart wearable electronics with harvest energy are rapidly developing in modern life. Fiber-based triboelectric generators (TENGs) are gaining extensive attention for energy harvesting and human motion sensing, due to flexible, lightweight, and comfortable properties. However, it is difficult to coordinate the high electrical output performance of fiber-based TENGs with the requirements of human wearing comfort (abrasion resistant, air permeability and skin-friendliness). Herein, a novel nano-micro structure yarn (NMSY) with three layers was proposed via combining conjugated electrospinning as well as ring spinning together. Therein, electrospinning Nylon 11 nanofibers were applied as the intermediate layer to enhance electrical output performance and ring spinning polyester fibers wrapped as the outermost layer to improve abrasion resistance. The obtained NMSY exhibits high output voltage (17.5 V in 3.5 cm) and wear resistance (4500 abrasion cycles). Furthermore, an electronic textile (e-textile) was knitted with NMSY (2.5 × 2.5 cm2), which exhibited a power density of 487.8 mW/m2 at a load resistance of 700 MΩ. Owing to the unique interconnected loop structure of knitted textiles, NMSY e-textile shows good air permeability (147.3 mm/s), water vapor transmission rate (3470 g/(m2·24h)) and excellent skin-friendly. In practical application, NMSY e-textile can lit up 22 LEDs and also can charge the commercial capacitors efficiently. Besides, NMSY as well as the corresponding e-textile can also be used as self-powered sensors to monitor body movement. In summary, the superior NMSY presented in this work could enhance energy harvest and wearability, which would pave the way toward full-fledged commercialization of the TENGs in the future.

Active Deformable and Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Super-Light Clay

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are demonstrated to possess great superiority in the field of low-frequency and high-entropy energy harvesting. Here, a kind of friction material, super-light clay (SLC), with outstanding stretchability and shape/size changeability is introduced to develop contact-separation triboelectric nanogenerators (SLC-TENGs), which exhibit outstanding flexible, shape-changeable, and adaptable properties but simple preparation processes. A high and stable electrical output can be achieved from the simple-structured SLC-TENG. The peak power density of the SLC-TENG output reaches up to 0.33 W/m2 under an effective contact with an area of 9 cm2 and an external load resistance of 50 MΩ. In addition, a balloon-structured TENG was also prepared with the filling of several SLC balls. The electrical signals can be generated even just by a slight shaking, revealing great application potential in the Internet of Things systems and self-powered sensors by energy harvesting from wind, ocean, human body movements, etc.

High power-output and highly stretchable protein-based biomechanical energy harvester

To meet the rising demand for wearable electronics with high power demand, biomechanical energy harvester based on stretchable materials with high triboelectric charge densities are required. Soy protein (SP) represents a prospective tribopositive material; however, its application is limited due to its brittle nature. Herein, we report the doping of SP with hygroscopic CaCl2 to afford a tribolayer film with improved tribopositivity and stretchability, where Ca2+ disperses evenly in SP via electrostatic interactions. The water molecules adsorbed by CaCl2 form hydrogen bonds with SP chains and improve the charge-donating ability. The optimal SP–CaCl2-0.30 film with CaCl2-doping concentration of 0.30 mmol exhibits high resilience (elongation at break: 130 %) compared with the pristine SP film (elongation at break: 4 %). The device based on SP–CaCl2-0.30 as the positive tribolayer and Ecoflex as counterpart yields open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and short-circuit transferred charge of 130 V, 4.4 µA, and 44 nC, respectively. When the load resistance matches the device’s internal resistance, the peak transient power reaches 1125 mW/m2. Moreover, the device output is maintained even after 5000 of stretch and release cycles, and the harvested charge from the bending and release motions of the finger and elbow reach 3.5 nC and 40 nC, respectively. This study demonstrates a prospective approach toward protein-based energy harvesting with high stretchability and electrical output, showing significant potential for application in wearable electronics for biomechanical energy harvesting and relative humidity monitoring.

Robust Control and Thermal Analysis of a Reduced Model of Kirchhoff Composite Plate with Random Distribution of Thermopiezoelectric Sensors and Actuators

This paper presents an implementation of a robust control LQG-Kalman model applied to composite Kirchhoff plate dynamics. A reduced model of a finite element method and control procedure is considered in the modeling of a structure because of the important number of piezoelectric patches used in control. Replacing the full model with a short model reduces the computational and time costs, especially when the number of degrees of freedom is significant. In robust control, the measurement of all states is not necessary and the observability and estimability criteria can be exploited, while conventional LQR control assumes that the data accessibility of all states is available. For this reason, robust control is proposed to control the random external disturbances and is compared to LQR control to illustrate its practicability and efficiency. The sensors and actuators in the thermo-piezoelectric material are randomly distributed on both sides of the plate to establish the control procedure. A Monte Carlo simulation is used in the selection of the degrees of freedom of sensors presenting high electrical outputs. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control procedure in a reduced model and under mechanical and thermal disturbances in comparison with the LQR control.

A stretchable and helically structured fiber nanogenerator for multifunctional electronic textiles

Fiber-based triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) possess advantages of good air permeability, excellent mechanical compliance, and easy integration into electronic textiles, and have wide application prospects in new-generation wearable electronics. However, few studies show the capability to unite favorable merits of excellent stretchability, high electrical generation, and conversion of multiple mechanical stimuli into a single fiber device. Here, we proposed a helically structured fiber-based triboelectric nanogenerator (HS-TENG) using Ti3C2Tx as the triboelectric coating. The unique architecture endows the HS-TENG with large stretchability (~ 200 % strain), and high electric output (52 V, 1.5 µA, 4.2 μW) under compression for a 2 cm long device, superior to most stretchable triboelectric yarns. The HS-TENG also realizes multi-mode (i.e., stretch, press, twist, and bend) mechano-electrical conversion. The HS-TENG fiber can be integrated into electronic textiles (E-textiles) for versatile applications, including an insole for energy harvesting, a kneepad for motion sensing, and a glove for wireless signal control. This work provides new capabilities for multifunctional wearable systems.

Optimal Reconfiguration of Thermoelectric Generation System Under Heterogeneous Temperature Difference

In view of the low efficiency of thermoelectric generation systems in different regions, this paper designs an optimization and reconfiguration of thermoelectric power generation system under heterogeneous temperature difference (HTD) based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, so as to make full use of various thermal energy resources and obtain higher electrical output power, which realize multi-directional utilization of energy. In addition, PSO algorithm is a simple optimization strategy with a straightforward operation mechanism and fewer parameters to control during calculation. The research shows that when TEG array is in multiple HTD states, PSO algorithm has a stronger ability to get rid of local optimization, which can reduce power loss and improve energy conversion efficiency. On this basis, PSO algorithm is used to reconfigure the 15 × 15 symmetric TEG array. The experimental simulation analysis based on MATLAB platform is carried out to verify the feasibility of PSO algorithm.

Flexible V-shaped piezoelectric-triboelectric device for biomechanical energy harvesting and sensing

The vast proliferation of wearables and smart sensing devices in the last decade has created an immense demand for new and efficient powering solutions. The research focus has shifted towards developing simple, cost-effective, flexible device topologies capable of capturing kinetic energy associated with the human body. Piezoelectric and triboelectric mechanisms are widely employed to convert biomechanical energy to electrical power due to their inherent merits in terms of affordable designs and high energy conversion efficiencies. In this work, we propose a flexible hybrid generator topology incorporating both piezoelectric and triboelectric mechanisms to achieve high electrical output from human motion. To enhance the efficiency and obtain a symmetric output, dual triboelectric generators are employed, which generate time-multiplexed output across the same set of electrodes. The device displays a characteristic ability to distinguish between different body movements as its output depends on the contact area as well as the pressure generated by the motion. This creates numerous avenues for employing the device in self-powered tactile sensing applications. The unique single substrate design makes the device robust and increases its longevity. The V-shaped prototype having an active area of 3.5 cm × 2 cm, is tested under a wide range of biomechanical stimuli, including touching, tapping, and pressing motions. The practical applications of the proposed device as an add-on patch on fabrics, as an in-sole device, and for powering commercial electronics are demonstrated. Apart from this, the reported generator can also fuel low-power devices from various other day-to-day human activities.

Coupling Indonesian indigenous Citrobacter freundii and Chlorella pyrenoidosa strain on the anode of microbial fuel cell with various substrates

Abstract. Fauzan IA, Meryandini A, Ridwan R, Fidriyanto R, Agustini NWS, Santosa DA. 2022. Coupling Indonesian indigenous Citrobacter freundii and Chlorella pyrenoidosa strain on the anode of microbial fuel cell with various substrates. Biodiversitas 23: 2471-2481. Microorganism plays a crucial role in the development of MFC systems. Indigenous to Indonesia, Citrobacter freundii GBH253 is a potential exoelectrogenic bacterium that could be developed into an MFC system. Coupling C. freundii GBH253 with potentially electricity-producing microalgae indigenous to Indonesia, such as Chlorella pyrenoidosa INK, in the anode of an MFC, could result in a more stable and higher electricity output. This study used C. freundii GBH253 and C. pyrenoidosa INK to produce electricity in various substrates. This research was conducted using a Factorial Randomized Block Design and Tukey’s test to determine significant differences between treatments. The result shows that electricity was generated in all treatments. The Bacterium-microalgae combination in acetate substrate can generate power density up to 211,97 mW m-2 and is the most stable compared to others. Bacterium dominates the electricity production in this combination, but the microalgae also play a role in producing electricity and increasing Chemical Oxygen Demand. The pH value of all treatments was higher than 7. Volatile Fatty Acids, like acetate and phenol, were produced in all treatments, whereas butyric acid and propionic acid were produced in several treatments. The Pearson correlation showed that some VFAs are highly correlated with power density.

Extreme environment-adaptable and fast self-healable eutectogel triboelectric nanogenerator for energy harvesting and self-powered sensing

Hydrogel-based triboelectric nanogenerators (H-TENGs) are emerging as an appealing platform for the wearable electronics owing to their attractive mechanical flexibilities and conductive properties. However, time- and energy-consuming polymerization process of hydrogel and inevitable freezing of water within hydrogel networks at sub-zero temperature severely limit the practical applications of H-TENGs. To address the issues, we herein report a transparent, stretchable, anti-freezing, and self-healable TENG based on the ultrafast fabricated eutectogels for energy harvesting and self-powered sensors. The eutectogel electrode is initially constructed by a dynamic oxidation and coordination system composed of sulfonated lignin (SL) and Fe3+. After immersed in deep eutectic solvent (DES), the obtained eutectogels with high stretchability (~450%), transparency (93.5%) and ionic conductivity (8.70 mS cm−1) can be retained even in extreme temperature as low as − 80 °C. Notably, the eutectogel assembled TENGs (E-TENGs) show high and stable electrical output performances including open-circuit voltage of 105 V, short-circuit current of 0.5 µA, short-circuit charge of 10 nC, and power density up to 53 mW m−2. The E-TENG with a self-charging system can easily light up 20 light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and charge up capacitors to drive commercial electronics by harvesting energy. Moreover, as a proof of concept, the flexible E-TENG can serve as a self-powered biomechanical sensor to realize the real-time monitoring of various human motions, which provide a promising and versatile platform for environment adaptable hydrogel-based TENG with reliable output performance and self-healing ability.

Triboelectric nanogenerator based on direct image lithography and surface fluorination for biomechanical energy harvesting and self-powered sterilization

Due to the high electric output, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) have gained extensive attention in recent years for their abilities to power the wearable and portable electronic devices. Surface charge density and effective contact area are pivotal for the electric output of the TENG. In this work, the maskless direct image lithography (DIL) method with high precision and rapid prototyping was used to fabricate the polyurethane (PU) layers with surface microcones within 3 min for increasing the contact electrification area. After chemically modified with trichloro (1 H,1 H,2 H,2 H-perfluorooctyl) silane (FOTS) vapor, the contact area further increases accompanying with the enlarged electron affinity difference because of the roughened morphology in micro-nanoscale and the introduced surface fluorine. The TENG based on PU and fluorinated polyurethane (F-PU) layer with microcones can achieve a high current of 22 μA, which is 5 times higher than that of the flat PU and F-PU layers. The microcones, surface roughened morphology and fluorine on the microcones have conjunct effects on the enhancement of electric output. Moreover, because of the customizability of DIL method and the prominent stability and favorable flexibility of PU and F-PU layers, the TENG can be fabricated into different shapes to harvest mechanical energy from various human motions. Furthermore, when the TENG was connected with the cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanowire electrode and served as the electric supply, the antibacterial and antifungal properties of the nanowire show obvious enhancement. Thus, this work provides a rapid and effective way to enhance the output of TENG from perspectives of surface microstructure design without any templates.

Construction of MXene/PDMS‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for High‐Performance Cathodic Protection (Adv. Mater. Interfaces 11/2022)

Triboelectric Nanogenerators In article number 2102085, Hui Xu, Xiutong Wang, and co-workers report a MXene/PDMS composite film with microscopic raised surface formed by spraying, and the potential of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) for marine corrosion protection. The high electrical output performance and long service life of MXene/PDMS can prove that the conductivity of MXene and the sealing effect of PDMS complement each other. The TENG can provide electrons for marine platform and be used as an external power source for protection of metals.

Anti-freezing and stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator based on liquid electrode for biomechanical sensing in extreme environment

The development of intelligent and wearable electronics raises an urgent requirement for stretchable, durable power sources and sensors. Especially, self-powered sensor that can work with high sensing sensitivity and stability in harsh environments is greatly desired for wilderness exploration and urgent rescue. Herein, an anti-freezing, stretch-matched, and liquid electrode-based TENG (Abbr. as AS-TENG) is developed and demonstrated for biomechanical sensing in extremely cold environments. The liquid electrode with the integration of lithium chloride electrolyte, graphene oxide micro-/nano- sheets and ethylene glycol (LiCl/GO/EG) acted as the electrode is encapsulated within a dielectric elastomer as the electrification layer, allowing the resultant single-electrode AS-TENG to achieve a high stretchability of 200% and high electrical performance output with open-circuit voltage of 317 V, short-circuit current of 27 μA, and short-circuit charge of 100 nC. It can be used as a self-powered wearable sensor to be attached on human body for monitoring the biomechanical motion, and can also be used as a power source of a self-charging system to power electronic devices. Most importantly, the AS-TENG can work under severe condition within a wide temperature range (−40 ~ +25 °C) without sacrificing its sensing performance. This work provides a broad application prospect for the development of anti-freezing, stretchable, and liquid electrode-based TENG as wearable sensor under harsh conditions.

Large‐scale fabrication of core‐shell triboelectric braided fibers and power textiles for energy harvesting and plantar pressure monitoring

AbstractFlexible and wearable energy harvesting devices and multifunctional sensors have been widely reported, but challenges in the large‐scale manufacturing process still exist. This work reports a large‐scale fabrication method of core‐shell triboelectric braided fibers that exhibit stable structure and strong tensile strength, which can be further integrated into power textiles with different fabric structures, such as weaving and knitting, with the purpose of biomechanical energy harvesting or plantar pressure monitoring. The triboelectric braided fibers integrating on the knitting power textiles exhibit good pressure sensitivity and fatigue resistance, which is combined with traditional socks to measure the pressure distribution of the plantar in different positions. The weaving power textiles exhibit high electrical output, which can be used for biomechanical energy harvesting and can easily light up 116 commercial LEDs. This large‐scale preparation approach provides more possibilities for power textiles applications in self‐powered wearable electronics and human–computer interfacing.

All-inorganic halide perovskite tuned robust mechanical-energy harvester: Self driven posture monitor and power source for portable electronics

Scavenging electric power at ambient from biomechanical movements and mechanical vibrations using piezoelectric nanogenerators (PNGs) has become an accessible energy alternative for the development of self-powered electronic systems and miniaturized power sources for small-scale wearable/portable devices. Here, caesium lead chloride (CsPbCl3)-embedded β-phase comprising polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hybrid films turns to a suitable functional material for piezoelectric-based mechanical energy harvesters. Incorporation of CsPbCl3 in the PVDF matrix enables high crystallinity and nucleation of electroactive β-phase ∼86% in the PVDF with piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 49 pm/V, much higher as compared to pristine PVDF. Dielectric study as a function of perovskite concentration at room temperature reveals dielectric constant of ∼ 66 and low dissipation factor of 0.21 at 1 kHz for optimized hybrid. Saturated ferroelectric P-E hysteresis loop analysis of the synthesized samples indicates variation in remanent polarization with perovskite content. The fabricated PNG delivered instantaneous output voltage of 168 V and peak-to-peak output current of 2 μA. High sensitivity of the flexible PNGs enables us to measure even a slight deformation due to bending by 2˚. Considering its good flexibility and high electrical output performance, optimized PNG was utilized for the fabrication of wearable self-powered posture sensor to monitor regular movement of our spine. Walking based wearable PNGs are also devised for powering up normal android mobile phone batteries. Fatigue test of PNG for continuous 10,000 cycle operation, even after 5 months from the fabrication time, highlights its robustness. Considering such simple and unique amalgamation of polymer and perovskite, these highly flexible PNGs can be easily integrated in portable electronic devices and with the advantage of biomechanical movements as the source of power.