High-efficiency Solar Cell Technology Research Articles

ALGORITHM FOR ONLINE COEFFICIENT CORRECTION ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK IN MPPT CONTROLLERS FOR SOLAR BATTERIES

The main element of solar power plants is usually a power cascade (DC/DC converter, inverter). Converters in such generation systems should have high efficiency (at least 90%), high output signal quality and ensure operation of the power plant with maximum selection of power from the solar battery. The characteristics of solar panels depend heavily on weather conditions such as light and temperature. During the day, the temperature and power of the solar generator are constantly changing. These changes result in a shift in the maximum power point and a partial loss of power. In order to obtain the maximum possible power from the solar battery, it is necessary to use the appropriate maximum power point tracking algorithm (MPPT). For MPPT, specialized controllers are used, which use one of the algorithms to optimize the working point of the photomodules. The most commonly used methods are perturbation and observation, increasing conductivity, constant voltage. The maximum power point tracking method used will largely determine the efficiency of the photovoltaic generation system. Maximum power recovery from solar panels is possible only when the battery voltage is continuously regulated at an optimal operating point. Thus, the design and development of modern efficient photovoltaic generation systems should address not only the improvement of high efficiency solar cell technology, but also a number of issues of designing photovoltaic converters and their control systems to significantly improve their energy efficiency.

Simulation and Analysis Method of Different Back Metals Contact of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Solar Cell Along with Electron Transport Layer TiO<sub>2</sub> Using MBMT-MAPLE/PLD

Many different photovoltaic technologies are being developed for better solar energy conversion. Until now, crystalline Si solar cell represents the dominant photovoltaic technology with a market share of more than 94% with an efficiency between (15%-20%). Organic-inorganic halide Perovskite Solar Cell (PSC) has emerged as the most promising candidate for the next generation high-efficiency solar cell technology that attracted interest from researchers around the world due to their high efficiency of more than 24.% in a short period from (2008-2019) and low fabrication cost. In this paper, we designed a lead-based PSC model with a cell structure of Glass/FTO/TiO₂/CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PBI<SUB>3</SUB>/Spiro-OMeTAD/(Au, Ag, Al, Cu, Cr, Cu-graphite alloy, and Pt) and analyzed the structure with different contact materials using Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) which is well adopted by many researchers to study and analyze the hybrid solar cell. Using the software allows researchers to inexpensively and promptly, the effect of the absorber and the contact materials on the performance of the proposed solar cell model. We also studied the bandgap of the active layer, defect density, thickness, operating temperature, and the fabrication method of the model. Furthermore, the adoption of multibeam multi-target MAPLE and PLD or with acronym MBMT-MAPLE/PLD techniques as a new fabrication method in our simulation program mentioned above. A promising result was achieved. Efficiencies of 27.25%, 26.52%, 18.90%, 25.66%, 22.77%, 27.25%, and 27.25% were obtained for the devices with Au, Ag, Al, Cu, Cr, Pt, and Cu-graphite alloy, respectively. The effect of the work function on the back contact has a significant influence over the FF and efficiency.

Synthesis and characterization of mixed iodide–bromide methylammonium lead perovskite

The research field of perovskite based solar cells has recently been developed as the most promising candidate for next-generation because of their high efficiency solar cell technology that is compatible with low-cost, low-temperature processing, long-term stability and simple structure of solar cells production such as the hybrid halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 in solar cells have high power conversion efficiency exceeding 22%. However, the unstable nature of perovskite was observed when exposing it to continuous moisture, illumination and high temperature obstructing the commercial development in the long run and thus becoming the main problem that needs to be solved immediately. In this work, the preparation of organic – inorganic halide perovskite by mixing halide group between iodide with bromide, CH3NH3PbIxBr3-x compound under the annealing temperature condition was investigated. The structure of the product was identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, High Resolution SEM image was used to study the presence morphology of crystalline domains within the sample. We examine the thermal properties of samples using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer (STA). To check the variation of optical properties in these compounds, we measured the UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) which showed the survival of organic group. It is concluded that the annealing affects phase formation and thermal stability of CH3NH3PbIxBr3-x compounds. A small powder amount of lead bromide (PbBr2), a product of the degradation, was observed with increasing annealing temperature. Accordingly, appropriate annealing temperature should be chosen to produce a high efficiency photovoltaic.

Si paste technology for high-efficiency solar cells

This study demonstrates the successful implementation of industrially feasible local B doping as a local back surface field via the Si paste technology to fabricate high-efficiency solar cells. Si paste formed by 25wt% p-type Si nanoparticles and 75wt% organic solvent is used as the B source. Si paste is fully screen-printed on the preprocessed p-type Si rear surface, and then a homogenous Si cladding layer is formed by picosecond laser cladding. During this process, B diffuses into the Si substrate. The Si cladding layer itself is a heavily doped layer and forms a metallurgical bond between Si substrate. After co-firing with Al paste, cells obviously avoid Kirkendall void formation at contact regions. The heavily doped Si cladding layer and localized B doping can decrease the contact resistance and reduce the minority carrier recombination at the local metal contacts. This optimized rear surface design finally contributes to push the overall average cell efficiency over 20.3% on p-type CZ wafers.

Edge photoluminescence of single-crystal silicon with a p-n junction: Structures produced by high-efficiency solar cell technology

The systematic features and kinetics of edge photoluminescence of silicon structures produced by the high-efficiency solar cell technology is studied at different voltages applied to the p-n junction. It is shown that the effect of modulation of the edge photoluminescence intensity by a dc voltage applied to the p-n junction is qualitatively similar to the effect induced by excitation of photoluminescence by laser radiation at the wavelengths 658 and 980 nm. The possibility of modulating the edge photoluminescence power by varying the resistance parallel to the p-n junction is demonstrated. It is found that, at zero voltage, the rise time constant of the photoluminescence intensity far exceeds the decay time constant. However, as the dc forward current is increased, the decay time constant approaches the rise time constant. To interpret the results, the concepts of the second, more efficient saturable recombination channel coexisting with the common Shockley-Read-Hall recombination channel in the structure are developed. The study extends the functional capabilities of the luminescence technique in determining the effective lifetimes of charge carriers.