Abstract
Many different photovoltaic technologies are being developed for better solar energy conversion. Until now, crystalline Si solar cell represents the dominant photovoltaic technology with a market share of more than 94% with an efficiency between (15%-20%). Organic-inorganic halide Perovskite Solar Cell (PSC) has emerged as the most promising candidate for the next generation high-efficiency solar cell technology that attracted interest from researchers around the world due to their high efficiency of more than 24.% in a short period from (2008-2019) and low fabrication cost. In this paper, we designed a lead-based PSC model with a cell structure of Glass/FTO/TiO<sub>2</sub>/CH<SUB>3</SUB>NH<SUB>3</SUB>PBI<SUB>3</SUB>/Spiro-OMeTAD/(Au, Ag, Al, Cu, Cr, Cu-graphite alloy, and Pt) and analyzed the structure with different contact materials using Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) which is well adopted by many researchers to study and analyze the hybrid solar cell. Using the software allows researchers to inexpensively and promptly, the effect of the absorber and the contact materials on the performance of the proposed solar cell model. We also studied the bandgap of the active layer, defect density, thickness, operating temperature, and the fabrication method of the model. Furthermore, the adoption of multibeam multi-target MAPLE and PLD or with acronym MBMT-MAPLE/PLD techniques as a new fabrication method in our simulation program mentioned above. A promising result was achieved. Efficiencies of 27.25%, 26.52%, 18.90%, 25.66%, 22.77%, 27.25%, and 27.25% were obtained for the devices with Au, Ag, Al, Cu, Cr, Pt, and Cu-graphite alloy, respectively. The effect of the work function on the back contact has a significant influence over the FF and efficiency.
Highlights
The fastest developing renewable energy globally is solargenerated electricity, whereby the net solar generation is increasing by approximately 8.3% annually [1]
We have examined the effect of the absorber layer thickness, electron transport layer TiO2, hole transport layer SPIRO-OMeTAD, work function of different back contacts, and the defect in the active layer on the overall performance of the perovskite solar cell, using Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) which is well adopted by many researchers to study and analyze the hybrid solar cell
The material is vaporized, becoming a thin film that is deposited on a substrate, for example, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) facing the target
Summary
The fastest developing renewable energy globally is solargenerated electricity, whereby the net solar generation is increasing by approximately 8.3% annually [1]. China has recorded the highest progression rates, followed closely by Japan and the USA, with the fourth to sixth positions being held by European nations, namely the United Kingdom (UK), Germany, and France in that order [2]. Ninety-eight percent of the current global market share consists of seven commercial technologies where the thin-film sector only contributes a meager 13% of the total. The thin film industry growth rate surpasses that of the crystalline silicon industry [3,4,5]. The 13% market share is further demarcated into different established and emerging PV technologies such as amorphous silicon, dye sensitive, polycrystalline CdTe thin films, CIGS, quantum dots, as well as organic solar cells.
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