High-efficiency Catalysts Research Articles

Efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production by employing a graphdiyne/NH2-MIL-88B(Fe) composite.

The electron transfer rate in photocatalysts is one of the factors determining their hydrogen production activity. In this work, NH2-MIL-88B(Fe) (NFM) was synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal synthesis method and NFM/GDY-25 (NFMG-25) was successfully synthesized by loading graphdiyne (GDY) onto the surface of NFM. The hydrogen production performance and the mechanism of the prepared photocatalysts were systematically investigated using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, XPS, UV-Vis, PL and photoelectrochemical tests. The results showed that the hydrogen production of NFMG-25 reached 61.7 μmol in 5 hours. Photoelectrochemical and Mott-Schottky tests demonstrated that the composite catalyst exhibited high photogenerated carrier separation efficiency and single catalysts were n-type semiconductors. The conduction bands of NFM and GDY were -0.36 V and -0.56 V, respectively, while the valence bands were 1.90 V and 1.12 V. NFM acted as an electron acceptor and donor, which accelerated the transfer of the electrons, and enhanced the photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency of the composite system. This study provides an effective method for using NFM in photocatalytic hydrogen production.

Unveiling the Promoting Effects of Zr and the Hydrothermal Treatment on the NH3-SCR Activity of the Cu-SAPO-18 Catalyst.

Selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3(NH3-SCR) remains challenging for diesel vehicles due to the complex exhaust condition. Cu-SAPO-18 zeolite has emerged as an efficient catalyst for the NH3-SCR process, attributed to its unique small pore configuration and high NH3-SCR activity. Herein, Zr-modified Cu-SAPO-18 has been fabricated and evaluated for the reduction of NOx. The addition of Zr to Cu-SAPO-18 led to enhanced activity, with the 0.05 wt % Zr-doped Cu-SAPO-18 catalyst achieving more than 90% NOx conversion across a temperature span of 230 to 470 °C. More importantly, hydrothermal aging at 750 °C further enhanced the activity significantly, achieving nearly 100% NOx conversion at 175 °C. The presence of Zr led to an increased amount of Cu2+ species and acid sites, while the hydrothermal treatment promoted a significant increase in acidity and facilitated the conversion of some Cu2+ to CuxOy species, which is crucial for the enhanced activity. The present research provides insights into the development of high-efficiency small-pore zeolite-based NH3-SCR catalysts, offering valuable implications for both fundamental research and industrial catalysis.

Boosting CO2 Hydrogenation by Synergistic Incorporation of Pure Silica Silicalite-1 Zeolite and CeO2 into Cu Catalysts.

Chemical conversion of CO2 is providing an opportunity to mitigate the global warming induced by the overconsumption of fossil fuel. Cu has been regarded as one of the most powerful contenders in catalyzing CO2 conversion, yet the precise manipulation of its surface state and the nearby chemical environment continues to pose a formidable challenge. In this work, we report a high-efficiency catalyst by utilizing CeO2 and pure silicon zeolite (S1) to co-activate Cu species. In CO2-to-methanol (CTM) conversion, the space-time yield of methanol (STYMeOH) of the obtained CuCe/S1 catalysts reaches 87.23 g kgCu -1 h-1, which represents a fivefold increase compared to that of the Cu/CeO2 catalysts. The following mechanistic investigations reveal that S1 serves as a pivotal stabilizer for the small-sized CeO2 particles, thereby significantly enhancing the synergistic interaction between Cu species and CeO2. The crafted interaface possesses abundant oxygen vacancies and a high content of Cu+, significantly enhancing the adsorption of CO2 and inhibiting the formation of CO. Our discovery presents a promising new direction for catalyst upgrading and performance enhancement for CTM processes in the foreseeable future.

The Degradation of Tetracycline Hydrochloride by Iron Sludge-Based Catalyst/Persulfate System

Advanced oxidation processes are one of the effective means for degrading tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) in water. Using pickling iron sludge as the raw material, an iron sludge-based catalyst was prepared through a two-step hydrothermal method, and an iron sludge-based catalyst/persulfate system was established to degrade TCH in water. Experimental data show that the iron sludge-based catalyst/persulfate system exhibits high efficiency in TCH degradation. This experiment demonstrates that simple modification of pickling iron sludge can be transformed into a low-cost, high-efficiency catalyst.

Asymmetric Pt1O4-Ov Dual Active Sites Induced by NbOx Clusters Promotes CO Synergistical Oxidation.

Pt/CeO2 single-atom catalysts are attractive materials for CO oxidation but normally show poor activity below 150 °C mainly due to the unicity of the originally symmetric Pt1O4 structure. In this work, a highly active and stable Pt1/CeO2 single-site catalyst with only 0.1 wt % Pt loading, achieving a satisfied complete conversion of CO at 150 °C, can be obtained through fabricating asymmetric Pt1O4-oxygen vacancies (Ov) dual-active sites induced by well-dispersed NbOx clusters. Specifically, the formation of new Ce-O-Nb interactions weakened the strength of the original Pt-O-Ce bond, thus transferring the originally near-perfect square-planar Pt1O4 into the distorted square-planar one, along with forming abundant Ov around the Pt site. Hence, the promoted CO activation on the asymmetric Pt1O4 structure and the facilitated dissociation of the O2 on the neighboring Ov site synergistically improved the CO catalytic oxidation performance. The fabrication of such asymmetric Pt1O4-Ov double-active sites was also active for the oxidation of other typical hydrocarbons pollutants such as C7H8 and C3H6 from exhaust gases, shedding light on engineering high-efficiency Pt-based oxidation catalysts for low-temperature environmental catalysis.

Enhancing the acidic oxygen evolution reaction efficiency of sol–gel synthesized SrCo0.5Ir0.5O3 catalysts through optimized ball milling and acid leaching

High-efficiency and low-cost catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic electrolytes are critical for electrochemical water splitting in proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzers to produce green hydrogen, a clean fuel for sustainable energy conversion and storage. Among OER catalysts, solid-state synthesized SrCo1−xIrxO3 has demonstrated superior activity compared to commercial standards, such as IrO2 and RuO2. However, the solid-state synthesis process is economically inefficient for industrial use due to the potential for impurities and low yield of the final product. In addition, the requirement for electrochemical cycling to activate the catalyst introduces contaminations and uncertainties for industrial applications. In this study, a modified solution-based sol–gel method was employed to produce SrCo0.5Ir0.5O3 (SCIO) with high purity and yield. Subsequent ball milling and acid leaching treatments were applied, resulting in a catalyst with higher efficiency than those activated solely by electrochemical cycling. The electrochemical analysis and physical characterizations of our SCIO catalyst after ex-situ post-synthesis treatments show a similar active phase in composition and structure to those obtained through in situ electrochemical cycling and activation. Our approach simplifies the preparation process, making the catalyst ready for direct use in PEM electrolyzers without further treatment, offering a promising solution for producing high-performance, industrial-scale OER catalysts.

In Situ Synthesis of Ternary Ni-Fe-Mo Nanosheet Arrays for OER in Water Electrolysis.

Water electrolysis is a promising path to the industrialization development of hydrogen energy. The exploitation of high-efficiency and inexpensive catalysts become important to the mass use of water decomposition. Ni-based nanomaterials have exhibited great potential for the catalysis of water splitting, which have attracted the attention of researchers around the world. Here, we prepared a novel Mo-doped NiFe-based layered double hydroxide (LDH) with a nanoarray microstructure on Ni foam. The doping amount of Mo can significantly change the microstructure of the electrocatalysis, which will further affect the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance of water splitting. This novel nanomaterial required only an overpotential of 227 mV for 10 mA cm-2 and a Tafel slope of 54.8 mV/dec in 1 M KOH. Meanwhile, there was no Mo, and the NiFe-LDH needed 233 mV to attain to 10 mA cm-2. Compared to the NiFe-LDH without Mo, the NiFeMo-LDH nanosheet arrays exhibited enhanced activities with 17.1 mV/dec less Tafel in OER. The good performance of the electrocatalyst is ascribed to the special nanosheet arrays and the heterostructure of the Ni-Fe-Mo system. These features help to increase the active surface, enhancing the efficient charge transfer and the reactive activity in OER.

A perspective on field-effect in energy and environmental catalysis.

The development of catalytic technologies for sustainable energy conversion is a critical step toward addressing fossil fuel depletion and associated environmental challenges. High-efficiency catalysts are fundamental to advancing these technologies. Recently, field-effect facilitated catalytic processes have emerged as a promising approach in energy and environmental applications, including water splitting, CO2 reduction, nitrogen reduction, organic electrosynthesis, and biomass recycling. Field-effect catalysis offers multiple advantages, such as enhancing localized reactant concentration, facilitating mass transfer, improving reactant adsorption, modifying electronic excitation and work functions, and enabling efficient charge transfer and separation. This review begins by defining and classifying field effects in catalysis, followed by an in-depth discussion on their roles and potential to guide further exploration of field-effect catalysis. To elucidate the theory-structure-activity relationship, we explore corresponding reaction mechanisms, modification strategies, and catalytic properties, highlighting their relevance to sustainable energy and environmental catalysis applications. Lastly, we offer perspectives on potential challenges that field-effect catalysis may face, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding and future direction for this emerging area.

ZIF-67-derived NiCo2O4 hollow nanocages coupled with g-C3N4 nanosheets as Z-scheme photocatalysts for enhancing CO2 reduction.

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction technology plays a significant role in the energy and environmental sectors, highlighting the necessity for developing high-efficiency and stable catalysts. In this study, a novel photocatalyst, xNiCo2O4/CN (x=1, 3, and 5wt%), was synthesized by depositing zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67)-derived nickel cobaltate (NiCo2O4) hollow nanocages onto porous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, CN) nanosheets for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Under visible light irradiation, the resulting 3NiCo2O4/CN photocatalyst demonstrated exceptional CO yields of up to 2879.5μmolg-1h-1, surpassing those of NiCo2O4 and CN alone by factors of 3.3 and 11.6, respectively. The introduction of hollow NiCo2O4 nanocages increased the specific surface area of the material and enhanced the number of active sites, while strengthening visible light absorption. The creation of a built-in electric field, induced by the Fermi level difference between the two materials, was confirmed through ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) characterization. This resulted in the formation of a Z-scheme heterojunction, significantly enhancing the separation and migration of photogenerated charge carriers. Notably, 3NiCo2O4/CN exhibits excellent stability during long-term photocatalytic reactions, ensuring reliable performance for practical applications. This study offers novel insights and methodologies for developing efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction catalysts.

One-pot synthesis of Co3S4/MnS2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites as a high efficiency catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

One-pot synthesis of Co3S4/MnS2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites as a high efficiency catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction

First-principles investigation of the photocatalytic properties of two-dimensional CdO/ZrSSe heterojunctions.

Two-dimensional van der Waals heterojunction materials have demonstrated significant potential for photocatalytic water splitting in hydrogen production, owing to their distinct electronic and optical properties. Among these materials, direct Z-scheme heterojunctions have attracted considerable attention in recent research. In this study, a novel CdO/ZrSSe heterojunction is designed using first-principles calculations. The structural stability, electronic properties, carrier mobility, optical absorption, and photocatalytic performance of this heterojunction are systematically investigated, with a particular focus on the influence of strain on the band structure. The results reveal that both type-I and type-II heterojunctions exhibit staggered, indirect bandgap structures, with bandgap values of 0.80 eV and 0.60 eV, respectively. A built-in electric field is established from the CdO layer to the ZrSSe layer, facilitating oxidation in the ZrSSe layer and reduction in the CdO layer. The highest carrier mobilities are calculated to be 462 cm2 V-1 s-1 and 2738 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. Under compressive strain, the bandgap widths of both I-CdO/ZrSSe and II-CdO/ZrSSe heterojunctions decrease, whereas tensile strain results in an increase in the bandgap width. Correspondingly, the optical absorption peaks of both heterojunctions are enhanced under compressive strain and diminished under tensile strain. These findings suggest that the performance of both type-I and type-II CdO/ZrSSe heterojunctions surpasses that of their individual monolayers, exhibiting a typical Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism, and thus positioning them as promising high-efficiency catalysts for water splitting.

Development of a high-efficiency catalyst for ventilation air methane reduction via magnetron sputtering

Development of a high-efficiency catalyst for ventilation air methane reduction via magnetron sputtering

Design and Synthesis of Mn-Fe-Cu Multi-Metal Oxide Catalysts for Efficient Degradation of Organic Pollutants

ABSTRACT Heterogeneous ozone-catalyzed oxidation technology is one of the effective ways of wastewater treatment, and the development of efficient ozone oxidation catalyst is the key to this process. Herein, this work proposes the design and synthesis of an efficient multi-metal composite oxide catalyst by metal salt precursor mixing-direct granulation. The successful loading of the main active metal components, such as Mn, Cu, Fe, etc. was clarified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and other systematic characterizations, the specific surface area of the catalyst spheres produced by pelletizing could reach 231.699 m2/g, and the pore volume was 0.414 cm3/g. And after the optimization of the catalyst preparation conditions and oxidation process conditions, the removal rate of COD could reach more than 50% for the simulated wastewater, and the catalytic activity was basically kept stable in a long-cycle operation of 1000 h, which indicated that the prepared multi-metal composite oxide catalyst had good catalytic activity and stability. Finally, the EPR characterization clarified that the degradation of organic pollutants in the catalytic process was mainly dominated by the singlet oxygen and proposed a possible catalytic oxidation mechanism, which provided a reference for the synthesis of new high-efficiency ozone oxidation catalysts.

Current Status and Prospects of Direct Hydrogen Production from Seawater in China

This paper summarizes the current research status and future outlook of direct hydrogen production technology from seawater in China. With the growth of global energy demand and prominent environmental problems, hydrogen energy has been attracting attention as a kind of clean energy. The research on direct hydrogen production from seawater in China involves various fields such as electrolysis of water, photoelectrochemistry, electrocatalysis, membrane technology and polygeneration technology, and has made progress in demonstration projects, joint test bases, system integration and optimization, and industrial chain development. Technology application scenarios include offshore oil platforms, coastal islands, ocean development and protection, emergency energy supply and industrial parks. Looking ahead, China will focus on technology development priorities such as high-efficiency catalysts, advanced membrane technology, intelligent control systems, optimization of multi-generation technology, application of new energy integration technology, exploration of low-cost materials and improvement of seawater pretreatment technology. At the same time, it will promote the large-scale application and industrialization of seawater direct hydrogen production technology by constructing large-scale demonstration projects, perfecting industrial chain, expanding policy support and financing channels, strengthening international cooperation and technical exchanges, building human resources, as well as market promotion and application scenario expansion.

Real-Time Detection of Dynamic Restructuring in KNixFe1- xF3 Perovskite Fluorides for Enhanced Water Oxidation.

Mechanistic understanding of how electrode-electrolyte interfaces evolve dynamically is crucial for advancing water-electrolysis technology, especially the restructuring of catalyst surface during complex electrocatalytic reactions. However, for perovskite fluorides, the mechanistic exploration for the influence of the dynamic restructuring on their chemical property and catalytic mechanism is unclear due to their poor conductivity that makes the definition of electrocatalyst structure difficult. Herein, for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), various operando characterizations are employed to investigate the structure-activity relationships of the KNixFe1- xF3@NF. Adding iron to the KNixFe1- xF3 structure increases metal vacancies, enhancing electrochemical reconstruction. For reconstructed KNixFe1- xF3 structure, the results from operando Raman, operando X-ray diffraction, operando UV-vis spectroscopy, and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry reveal that the surface Ni sites act as catalytic centers within the amorphous Ni(Fe)OOH active layer, and the incorporation of Fe activates oxidized oxygen ions during water oxidation. Theoretical calculations support this by demonstrating the optimized adsorption-free energy of oxygenated intermediates. Consequently, the KNi0.5Fe0.5F3@NF achieves an overpotential of 281mV to reach OER current of 150 mA·cm-2 and maintains stable operation for 200h. These results highlight a promising pathway to tuning OER mechanisms in perovskite fluorides and offer a new perspective for developing high-efficiency and durable OER catalysts.

Isolated p-Block Antimony Atoms Activated CuO@Co-CN Enable High Performances for Water Splitting and Zn-Air Batteries.

This study reports an effective strategy for designing 3D electrocatalyst via the deposition of ZIF67-derived Co-CN shell layer over CuO nanoarrays to form a CuO@Co-CN hybrid, followed by incorporation with p-block Sb single atoms (CuO@Co-CN/Sb) to obtain highly activated catalytic behaviors. Inheriting both the excellent intrinsic catalytic activity of the components and their synergy, the CuO@Co-CN/Sb material serves as a high-efficiency multifunctional catalyst for overall water splitting and zinc (Zn)-air batteries. The material yields a current density of 10 mAcm-2 at a low overpotential of 72 and 250mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, respectively. Furthermore, an electrolyzer based on CuO@Co-CN/Sb shows remarkable performance with a derived current density of 0.5 Acm-2 at low cell voltage of 2.67V and good stability for 50h continuous operation at a high current density of 0.5 Acm-2. Simultaneously, Zn-air battery using the CuO@Co-CN/Sb material as air cathode yields a high open circuit voltage of 1.455V and a discharge power density of 131.07 mWcm-2.

Effectively enhanced hydrogen storage properties of Mg90Al10 catalyzed by CeF3

Magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy serves as an ideal substance for hydrogen storage and transportation because of its high hydrogen storage capacity, low expense, and eco-friendly properties. However, the stable thermodynamic properties and poor kinetic properties during de/hydrogenation limit its application. In this work, a novel high-efficiency catalyst CeF3 was successfully synthesized and induced into Mg90Al10, which exhibited excellent performance during de/hydrogenation. In particular, the Mg90Al10 + 8 wt% CeF3 can absorb 4.0 wt% hydrogen within 600 s at 200 °C, and release 4.3 wt% hydrogen within 900 s at 275 °C, better than the Mg90Al10 that can only absorb 1.36 wt% and release 0.3 wt% hydrogen in similar conditions. Meanwhile, the introduction of CeF3 can also decrease the dehydrogenation apparent activation energy (Ea) of Mg90Al10 obviously from 155.95 kJ/mol to 79.31 kJ/mol. The Al4Ce and MgF2 formed in situ, combined with the high thermal conductivity of Al in charge of the good hydrogen storage behavior of Mg90Al10 + 8 wt% CeF3. The study results are of great importance for applying Mg-Al hydrides in solid-state hydrogen storage.

Strategic Design for High-Efficiency Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) Catalysts by Triggering Lattice Oxygen Oxidation in Cobalt Spinel Oxides.

High-efficiency catalysts with refined electronic structures are highly desirable for promoting the kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and enhancing catalyst durability. This study comprehensively explores strategies involving metal doping and oxygen vacancies for enhancing the acidic OER catalytic activity of Co3O4. Through extensive screening of 3d and 4d transition metals using density functional theory (DFT) simulations, we demonstrate that the incorporation of metal dopants and oxygen vacancies into Co3O4 potentially triggers a transition from the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) to the lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM) in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). While the formation of the O-O bond in the intermediate *OOH poses challenges, a significantly reduced overpotential facilitates efficient conversion of O to O2 through the LOM in *OH and lattice oxygen. Additionally, we find that Mn doping can significantly improve the stability of the catalyst. Building upon the rationale above, we employed a dual doping strategy in subsequent experiments to enhance both the activity and stability. Our final design involved the codoping of Mn and Ru in Co3O4, along with an appropriate amount of oxygen vacancies. This catalyst demonstrates a low overpotential (η10 = 230 mV) compared to pure Co3O4 and maintains stable operation for over 120 h, representing a 12-fold increase. By exploring and harnessing the LOM, more efficient, stable, and cost-effective OER catalysts can be designed, providing crucial support for technologies such as water electrolysis in clean energy.

Plasma-Induced Oxygen Vacancy-Controlled CuOx/N,Se Co-Doped Porous Carbon for Boosted Nitrate Reduction to Green Ammonia

Ammonia has recently emerged as a promising renewable energy carrier owing to its carbon-free nature and high energy density of 4.3 kW h kg−1. However, traditional industrial synthesis of ammonia via the Haber-Bosch process demands high temperatures (400–500°C) and pressures (100–200 atm), resulting in substantial energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The electrochemical nitrate to ammonia reduction reaction (NO3RR) presents a viable alternative to the Haber-Bosch process, although its efficacy is hindered by low reaction performance, particularly due to competitive hydrogen evolution reactions (HER).In this study, we successfully prepared oxygen vacancy-controlled copper oxide (CuOx) catalysts via a simple plasma treatment. These catalysts were supported on high surface area porous carbon supports co-doped with nitrogen and selenium species to enhance their electrochemical properties. Among these catalysts, the oxygen vacancy-increased CuOx catalyst supported on N,Se co-doped porous carbon (CuOx/NSePC) demonstrated the highest NO3RR performance, achieving a faradaic efficiency (FE) of 87.2% and a yield of 7.9 mg cm-2 h-1 for ammonia production. These results signify significant enhancements in FE and ammonia yield compared to the un-doped or oxygen vacancy-decreased catalysts. The observed high performance can be attributed to an increase in catalytic active sites facilitated by heteroatom doping and weakened N-O bonding strength, enhancing the adsorption of NO3 - ions on modulated oxygen vacancies.Our findings underscore the importance of co-doping heteroatoms and regulating oxygen vacancies as key factors for enhancing NO3RR catalyst performance, offering valuable insights for effective catalyst design. This work presents a novel approach in the realm of electrochemical nitrate reduction for green ammonia production, providing a foundation for the development of high-efficiency metal oxide-based catalysts and extending their applicability to diverse electrochemical reactions Figure 1

Plasma-Structured Molybdenum Oxycarbides Enabling Ultrastable Acidic Hydrogen Evolution up to 10 a cm-2

Fabricating electrocatalysts capable of stable operation at high current densities is crucial for the industrial proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. However, current catalysts suffer from high overpotentials and rapid degradation when working in acid electrolytes at high current densities. Despite these advantages, critical challenges still exist in designing efficient catalysts for HER in acidic electrolytes at high current densities: 1) Poor long-term stability. The corrosive environment of strong acids, combined with the heat and mechanical stresses from hydrogen (H2) bubble generation at high current densities, severely challenges the stability of existing catalysts, including those noble metal-based ones. Catalysts with both excellent thermodynamic stability and robust physical adhesion to substrates are required to ensure long-term stability under these harsh conditions. 2) High overpotential at large current densities. At high current densities, high activation energy is required to drive HER because of the rapidly consumed H3O+ near the catalyst surface and the blocked active sites by the high-level H2 bubble coverage at catalyst surfaces, leading to increased overpotential and reduced energy efficiency.Existing transition metal-based catalysts generally exhibit optimal activities only at low current densities (1-100 mA cm−2) with limited stability, making their operation in acidic electrolytes at industrial-level current densities (> 3 A cm−2) quite challenging. Non-equilibrium plasmas, characterized by highly energetic reactive species in a far-from-equilibrium state and the capability to operate at low temperatures, offer distinct advantages in the development and fabrication of innovative materials. The existence of non-equilibrium plasmas can significantly influence nucleation and crystal growth processes in material synthesis, facilitating thermodynamically unfavorable reactions that are difficult or impossible to achieve using conventional equilibrium thermal methods.In this paper, we report the in-situ growth of vertically standing nanoedge-enriched molybdenum oxycarbide nanosheets (MoOxCy) through plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) based on earth-abundant salts (i.e., MoO3 and NaCl) as precursors to achieve ultrahigh-throughput acidic electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution at high current densities up to 10 A cm-2. The plasma-structured nanoedge-enriched MoOxCy catalysts offer the following benefits toward HER: 1) Significantly improved long-term stability of catalysts because of the non-equilibrium plasma-engineered structures, which are kinetically unfavorable to obtain through conventional equilibrium thermal methods; 2) Strong localized electric field near the ultrasharp edges of the catalysts, enabling fast diffusion of H3O+ from the electrolyte to catalyst surface; 3) Efficient hydrogen bubble detachment from the nanoedge-enriched structure with high roughness, maintaining continuous exposure of catalytic sites to the surrounding electrolyte. Benefiting from the unique plasma-induced morphology and chemical composition, the MoOxCy exhibits outstanding HER performance with a low overpotential (η) of 415 mV at an ultrahigh current density (j) of up to 10 A cm-2 for 1,000 h in 0.5 M H2SO4. This performance leads to an ultrahigh H2 throughput of 4,477.4 L cm-2, substantially outperforming the state-of-the-art transition metal- and even noble metal-based catalysts. This work paves new avenues for the development of high-efficiency catalysts for practical industrial applications in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution.