Higher Educational Background Research Articles

Examination of the Role of Family Socioeconomic Status and Parental Education in Predicting English as a Foreign Language Learners' Receptive Skills Performance

There is a stereotype of a correlation between family socioeconomic status and parental educational background with the student's achievement. Therefore, this study aims to know in-depth roles. Examine 60 students of Melati Junior High School Samarinda in their performance on reading and listening comprehension tasks. There is a significant relationship between SES and parents' educational background using the correlational method, non-experimental. Nevertheless, it s not always that students with low socioeconomic and parents' educational backgrounds get low scores and vice versa. Likewise, students with high educational backgrounds of their parents do not necessarily get high grades in school. Several factors revealed that SES and Educational background is the main predictor of academic achievement.

Teacher's Higher Education and Students' Achievements: A Research of the Perception of the Second Cycle Teachers in the New Juaben Area, Ghana

The study's goal was to gather data on the perception of Social Studies teachers on whether higher educational background or qualification of teachers results in higher students' academic achievements in the New Juaben Senior High Schools in the Eastern Region. In this investigation, the researcher employed a semi-structured interviewer's guide to obtain qualitative data. The researcher utilised a simple random sampling precisely the lottery method to choose 24 respondents (24 teachers) for the study. This study looked at the perception of teachers teaching the subject within New Juaben Municipality, Eastern Region on whether the teacher's higher qualification leads to higher students' achievements. The majority of the social studies experts agreed with the school of thought that says the teacher's higher education or qualification would lead to students' academic achievements. A few social studies teachers disagree with the saying that the teacher's higher education or qualification leads to students' higher achievements.

Classed trajectories in higher education and the graduate labour market: affective affinities in a ‘meritocracy’

In this article, we draw from a recent empirical study to consider how a person’s classed trajectory impacts students from different class backgrounds in higher education (HE). Students face rapidly evolving social and academic circumstances and must build reasonable strategies to navigate their trajectory from education to work. In these situational processes, social class becomes emotionally exposed as a durable relational social ordering principle. Affinities with educational and labour market norms provide emotional advantages. To explore the classed nature of accumulated being in Australian HE in the context of widening participation, we examine experiences of access to and participation in HE, and strategies towards entry into the labour market. The movement into, through and out of HE orders and organises classed experience, demonstrating the durability of class in the face of doxic meritocratic choice discourse.

CONSUMER PERCEPTION OF FOOD QUALITY AND PACKAGED FOOD LABELLING: A STUDY IN LALMONIRHAT DISTRICT, BANGLADESH.

Human health mostly depends on quality food habits. In the rural area of Bangladesh, the people are in ill health due to the consumption of impure food which affects normal daily life. The study investigates rural, educated people thinking about purchasing quality foods and package food labelling. A field study was conducted at Hatibandha and Kaliganj Upazila of the Lalmonirhat district of Bangladesh with a structured questionnaire. The study shows that the people of rural areas are highly aware of their attitudes about food quality. Those with a comparatively high educational background are more conscious of maintaining food quality.The Study results also find that the rural people have very little knowledge and understanding of government rules and regulations regarding food quality and labelling

헤어미용업의 서비스 공정성과 점포 속성이 고객 몰입에 미치는 영향

This study aims to investigate the difference of customer commitment according to the demographic characteristics of hair salon customers and the service justices and store attributes of the hair salon that affect customer commitment. The questionnaire for empirical research was collected from customers of hair salon in Gyeongnam, and the analysis results are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing the difference of customer commitment according to the demographic characteristics of hair salon customers, customer commitment was statistically high in the group with high educational background. Second, as a result of analyzing the causal relationship between service justices and customer commitment, and the causal relationship between store attributes and customer commitment, it was found that service justices factors all had a statistical effect on customer commitment. In addition, of the store attribute factors, technical factors and marketing factors were found to have a statistical effect on customer commitment. Comprehensive analysis of the results of this study means that service justices and store attributes have a relatively high impact on customer commitment in groups with high educational background. Therefore, this study suggests that the management performance of the hairdressing business can be improved by utilizing service justices and store attributes while considering the educational background of customers.

The Dissemination, Influence, and Efficiency of Jameson's Cultural Theory Combined with Chinese Mass Culture and Mass Sports Culture in the Sustainable Development of China.

Fredric Jameson's cultural theory forms a crucial part of the Western Marxist theory. Jameson's postmodern cultural theory includes cultural expansion, cultural history, cultural hyperspace, cultural ideology, and so on. The cultural expansion includes the outline of popular sports culture. (1) Content: In order to further understand the acceptance of Jameson's cultural theory in China, this paper explores the communication of Jameson's cultural theory in different cultural groups, different regions, and different communication channels in China based on the questionnaire survey in a larger span of social groups. Meanwhile, based on Jameson's theory, it also reveals that sports is an effective way to achieve national stability and rejuvenation. Mainstream culture not only leads fashion, educates the people, serves society, and promotes development but also has the common characteristics of mass culture, commerce, entertainment, popularity, and media dependence. Sports is both mainstream culture and mass culture, which is the positive energy shared by both. (2) Methods: In order to understand the special meaning of Jameson's cultural theory and its influence on Chinese mass culture and sports, this paper systematically explains Jameson's cultural theory and gives a critical explanation to Jameson's cultural theory, different regions, and different communication channels in China based on the questionnaire survey in a large span of mass culture and sports groups. (3) Results: the majority of readers who buy and read Jameson's cultural works are mainly 25–35 years old with high educational background. The top three regions for the number of consumers who buy his papers and books are Zhejiang, Hubei, and Guangzhou; the top three regions in the number of understanding Jameson's cultural theory are Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen; 41.62% of the respondents only know Jameson's name but have not been exposed to his work; and 34.59% of the respondents have learned about his work through news feeds. (4) Conclusion: the influence of Jameson's cultural theory on Chinese mass culture and sports community is on the rise. Systematic sorting and interpretation of Jameson's cultural knowledge can provide support for Chinese mass culture and mass sports culture to carry forward socialist cultural thoughts.

Influence of Management Education on Enterprise Scientific and Technological Innovation Based on K-Means Clustering Algorithm

Scientific and technological innovation is the source of the survival and development of enterprises and the key to the realization of the goal of prosperity. In recent years, more and more companies have begun to focus on technological innovation, but the results are not significant, so companies have begun to explore the factors that affect their technological innovation. The management is the helm of the development of the enterprise, the main body of the company’s actual production activities, and the direct person in charge of the company’s management. Its influence on the innovation of the enterprise is self-evident, and the education level of the management directly determines the manager’s ability and vision. However, the current research on management mainly focuses on the position change of management and the rights of management and does not involve the level of education of management. Based on this, this article started from the management education and subdivided it with the K-means clustering algorithm, so as to explore the impact of management education on the technological innovation of enterprises. The experiment showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the educational level of management and the technological innovation ability of enterprises, and the correlation coefficient was 1.521. It fully shows that the management with a higher education background will promote the enterprise to carry out scientific and technological innovation practice and continuously improve the enterprise’s innovation ability.

Media Edukasi Tumbuh Kembang Bayi 0 – 12 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Tangerang Selatan

The motor development of children in Indonesia is relatively low, based on the Center for Nutrition Research and Development of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2012, the results of the Denver Development Screening Test (DDST) II survey found that the prevalence of fine and gross motor disorders in toddlers was 25%, or every 2 out of 1,000 toddlers had motor developmental disorders. Based on Riskesdas 2013 there were 14 million children who experienced emotional development disorders. Toddler period is an important because this period is a critical for memory development to get to know something, so the right stimulus is needed so that the potential of children develops optimally.The purpose of this research is to develop and design educational media for the growth and development of children aged 0 – 12 months. This research was conducted in 2 stages. The first stage is to analyze the understanding of the mother's condition and needs regarding information on growth and development of babies aged 0-12 months, and the compilation of an educational media that can be used to provide a good and easy-to-understand understanding according to the mother's needs, the second stage is the stage of testing the information media . The sample of this research is mothers who have babies aged 0 – 12 months, the test carried out is T-Test Dependent. The results of the study, most of the respondents had a high school education background (52.9%), most of the respondents had more than one child (76.5%) with good socio-economic conditions (70.6%). The results of the statistical test obtained a P Value of 0.001 > (0.05) meaning that there was a significant difference in mother's knowledge about infant growth and development before and after being given the child's PANTASI educational media.

Related Factors of Anxiety Level in Covid-19 Patient during Self Quarantine

Coronavirus disease-19 was a pandemic in the world. One of the efforts to reduce the spread of Covid-19 cases was to self-quarantine. Self-quarantine impacted emotional mental disorders in the form of anxiety. This study aimed to identify factors related to the anxiety of Covid-19 patients who were undergoing self-quarantine. METHODS: This study used a descriptive research design with a cross-sectional study. The population was all confirmed COVID-19 patients who underwent self-quarantine in Wonogiri Regency as many as 70 respondents. Samples used clustered randomized sampling with 40 respondents. The instrument used a sociodemographic questionnaire, and anxiety was measured using Hamilton Rating Scale-Anxiety. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. RESULTS: The results showed that the mean age was 33.58 ± 11.08 years. Most participants were women 52.5%, 87.5% of the respondents had high education background, 37.5% were medical workers, 37.5% were private workers, and 95% of the participants had received information about covid-19. The mean of the time they were self-quarantined was 8.1 ± 4.77 days. 55% of the participants had no anxiety, 15% had mild anxiety, 10% had moderate anxiety, and 20% had severe anxiety. Factors that affect the level of anxiety are age (p-value = 0.047), occupation (p-value = 0.031), education (p-value = 0.035) and length of self-quarantine (0.023). CONCLUSION: The conclusion said that age, occupation, education, and length of self-quarantine have a strong relationship and have a significant effect on anxiety. Social support is needed to reduce the anxiety of COVID-19 patients during self-quarantine.

Karakteristik Pasien COVID-19 di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. H. Chasan Boesoirie

<p><em>Coronavirus disease-19 (Covid-19) is an infectious disease that is currently a topic of conversation and attention worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of patients both clinically, laboratory results, co-morbidities, and outcomes of Covid-19 patients who were hospitalized in the Covid-19 Isolation Room (RIC) at Dr. H. Chasan Boesoirie Ternate Hospital. This research method is descriptive by using medical record data of 112 patients. The results of this study were mostly adults (26-45 years) 42.9%, female gender 54.5%, high school education background 49.1% and not having a job 36.6%, clinical symptoms of cough (64.3 %), co-morbidities of diabetes mellitus (22.3 %), and an increase in the parameters of leukocyte examination, NLR, INR, and D-Dimer. From 112 patients, 107 patients were declared cured with a negative result of the Covid-19 PCR-RT swab test (95.5%) and 5 people died (4.5%). The conclusion is that the characteristics of Covid-19 patients at the Dr. H. Chasan Boesoirie Ternate Hospital is an adult, female, high school education, does not have a job, has cough symptoms, comorbidities with diabetes mellitus, increased leukocytes, NLR, INR, and D-Dimer, and the patient went home because they was declared cured.</em></p>

Community empowerment and mental wellbeing: longitudinal findings from a survey of people actively involved in the big local place-based initiative in England.

Community empowerment initiatives are receiving increased interest as ways of improving health and reducing health inequalities. Longitudinally examine associations between collective control, social-cohesion and mental wellbeing amongst participants in the Big Local community empowerment initiative across 150 disadvantaged areas of England. As part of the independent Communities in Control study, we analysed nested cohort survey data on mental wellbeing (Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale-SWEMWBS) and perceptions of collective control and social-cohesion. Data were obtained in 2016, 2018 and 2020 for 217 residents involved in the 150 Big Local areas in England. Adjusted linear mixed effect models were utilized to examine changes in SWEMWBS over the three waves. Subgroup analysis by gender and educational level was conducted. There was a significant 1.46 (0.14, 2.77) unit increase in mental wellbeing score at wave 2 (2018) but not in wave 3 (2020) (0.06 [-1.41, 1.53]). Across all waves, collective control was associated with a significantly higher mental wellbeing score (3.36 [1.51, 5.21]) as was social cohesion (1.09 [0.19, 2.00]). Higher educated participants (1.99 [0.14, 3.84]) and men (2.41 [0.55, 4.28]) experienced significant increases in mental wellbeing in 2018, but lower educated participants and women did not. Collective control and social cohesion are associated with better mental wellbeing amongst residents engaged with the Big Local initiative. These health benefits were greater amongst men and participants from higher educational backgrounds. This suggests that additional care must be taken in future interventions to ensure that benefits are distributed equally.

Health Risk Assessment and Influencing Factors Analysis of High Temperatures on Negative Emotions

The emotional health of urban residents has been seriously threatened by frequent and normalized heat waves. This study constructed the VI-level assessment standard for emotional health risk using data from satellite images, meteorological sites, questionnaire surveys, and statistical yearbooks to assess the effect of high temperatures on negative emotions in Hangzhou. The results showed that the morphological changes of urban high-temperature areas were aggregated from a cross-shape to a large patch shape, then dispersed into cracked patch shapes. Additionally, the health risk of daytime negative emotions peaked at the VI-level from 1984 to 2020, and the influence level of the typical period risk increased by 1–2 levels compared with the daytime. Additionally, driven by urban spatial structure policies, the risk pattern of emotional health expanded outward from a single center into multiple centers. The emotional health risk level rose and then descended in urban centers, and the innovation industries drove the variation tendency of hot spots. Furthermore, high educational background, employment, and couples living together were critical variables that could alleviate the emotional health risk to the middle-aged and elderly population. This study aimed to optimize the urban spatial structure and alleviate residents’ emotional health hazards for healthy urban planning.

Educational level and the use of mental health services, psychotropic medication and psychotherapy among adults with a history of physician diagnosed mental disorders.

The prevalence of mental disorders is increased among people of low socioeconomic status or educational level, but it remains unclear whether their access to treatment matches their increased need. Our objective was to examine whether educational level as an indicator of socioeconomic status is associated with use of mental health services, psychotropic medication and psychotherapy in Finland. Cross-sectional data from a follow-up survey of a longitudinal, population-based cohort study were used to form a sample of 3,053 men and women aged 24 to 68 with a current or previous physician diagnosed mental disorder. The prevalence of mental disorders, mental health service use and educational level were assessed with self-report questionnaire. Educational level was determined by the highest educational attainment and grouped into three levels: high, intermediate and low. The associations between educational level and mental health service -related outcomes were assessed with binary logistic regression. Covariates in the fully adjusted model were age, gender and number of somatic diseases. Compared to high educational level, low educational level was associated with higher odds of using antidepressants (OR 1.35, 95% CI [1.09, 1.66]), hypnotics (OR 1.33, 95% CI [1.07, 1.66]) and sedatives (OR 2.17, 95% CI [1.69, 2.78]), and lower odds of using mental health services (OR 0.80, 95% CI [0.65, 0.98]). No associations were found between educational level and use of psychotherapy. The results do not suggest a general socioeconomic status related mismatch. A pharmacological emphasis was observed in the treatment of low educational background participants, whereas overall mental health service use was emphasized among high educational background participants.

The Role of Women in Supporting the Economic Condition of the Poor: An Analysis of Gender Issues on Farming Families

Basically everyone agrees that women and men are different. Women and men in the household are generally subject to the division of labor. This division of labor led to the development of limited social roles for both sexes and the creation of power differences in some respects that were more favorable to men. This role is seen in poor families in Padang Bolak Tenggara District. Thus, research was carried out to find out more about the role of women in supporting the economy of poor households in farming families in the District of Padang Bolak Tenggara, the profile of women (farmer's wives) who worked, the time spent required by farmers' wives, and what gender issues arose due to the involvement of the farmer's wife in supporting the family's economy. This paper is a gender perspective. The essence of gender perspective research is a study that clearly seeks to express women's experiences and gender relations according to a central issue that needs attention. Data collection methods using observation and interviews. In conducting data processing and analysis, researchers use Harvard analysis techniques. This technique is often referred to as Gender Framework Analysis (GFA), which is an analysis used to look at the gender profile of a social group and the role of gender in development. Based on observations in the District of Padang Bolak Tenggara of the farming family, it is known that the farmer's wife is very involved in helping the family economy. The profile of women (farmers' wives) in the District of Padang Bolak Tenggara can be seen from the average age of 40-50 years, 65% have a junior high school education background, only 3 people who have makeup/salon and sewing skills, besides farming. The intensity of time spent by women (farmer's wives) working outside is quite high at around 8-10 hours per day. This still does not include homework, i.e. doing homework and caring for children. This makes the workload and working time span of farmer's wives much longer than men. Thus, the gender issue that arises is injustice in the division of labor.

Peer Effects on Farmers' Purchases of Policy-Based Planting Farming Agricultural Insurance: Evidence from Sichuan Province, China.

The tendency to conform with peers, and learning by imitation, have become new influencing factors that affect farmers’ purchases of policy-based planting agricultural insurance. Based on the survey data of 540 farmers in Sichuan Province in 2021, this study empirically analyzed the impact of peer effects on farmers’ purchases of policy-based planting agricultural insurance and its mechanism. The results show that: (1) Regardless of whether farmers’ relatives and friends visit during the New Year period, the purchase of policy-based planting agricultural insurance by relatives and friends will positively and significantly affect the purchasing behavior of the farmers. (2) The impact of the peer effect on the behavior of farmers purchasing policy-based planting agricultural insurance is related to the relationship between the strengths and weaknesses. (3) The results of the mechanism analysis show that, through the mediating variables of social network and trust, the influence of the peer effect is weakened. (4) Heterogeneity analysis shows that farmers having a larger land scale and higher educational background are more influenced by the same peer effect. The results of the study emphasize the importance of the peer effect on the behavior of farmers purchasing policy-based planting agricultural insurance, and can provide a decision-making reference for the formulation of related policies.

Ethnobotanical study of the non-medicinal plant by village communities in the karst area of Pacitan, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Cahyaningsih AP, Arifiani KN, Aprilia D, Nugroho ME, Setyawan AD. 2022. Ethnobotanical study of the non-medicinal plant by village communities in the karst area of Pacitan, East Java, Indonesia. Intl J Trop Drylands 6: 1-10. The local community of Pacitan District, especially in the karst area in several villages of Tulakan Sub-district, has a yard and farm usually planted with many species of plants that have various benefits. These plants are edible, animal feed, spices, biopesticides, and plant growth hormones. However, the knowledge of the local community of Tulakan Sub-district regarding the various benefits of plants is only known from generation to generation, conveyed orally and in daily practice habits, so a study is needed to document this information. This study aims to reveal the knowledge of local communities and the diversity of non-medicinal plant species to meet communities' daily lives. The location of research was carried out in 2 villages located in Tulakan Sub-district, Pacitan District, East Java, Indonesia, namely Bungur Village and Tulakan Village. Data was collected through field surveys and direct interviews using the snowball sampling technique. A total of 40 respondents were interviewed, with details 14 male and 26 female. Respondents with the majority of high school educational backgrounds have around 46-55 years old. The inventory of non-medicinal plants amounted to 60 species of angiosperm plants from 43 families. The plants used consisted of 34 species for the edible plants, 20 species for the fodder plants, 6 species for herbs, 1 species used for biopesticide, and 1 species used for natural growth hormone. Based on the study results, it is known that local people use plants as an edible plants with more diverse plant species compared to other uses.

Analysis of Infertility Factors Caused by Gynecological Chronic Pelvic Inflammation Disease Based on Multivariate Regression Analysis of Logistic.

In order to solve the complex and recurrent problem of chronic pelvic inflammation disease (CPID) in the process of the clinical treatment, a method of understanding the influencing factors of CPID by investigating the actual situation of clinical cases and using logistics regression analysis was proposed in this study. A total of 204 outpatients were selected from a certain hospital. The ratio of the cases in the experimental group to those in the control group stands at 1 : 1. The results were obtained as follows. According to the data of CPID patients collected in the paper, the majority of patients had a high school education background or below technical secondary school education background, accounting for 66.7%. And the majority of patients were manual workers, accounting for 69.1%. All the exp (B) values of the frequency of sex life per month ≥ 9 times, frequent sex life during menstruation, IUD contraception, no contraception, abortion ≥ 3 times, vaginal irrigation per week ≥ 1 time, and intrauterine surgery ≥ 3 times were more than 1. These seven factors were the risk factors for chronic pelvic inflammation. Oral contraceptives were a weak protective factor of chronic pelvic inflammation. These factors including early drug withdrawal (53.1%), without understanding the condition of the disease (35.7%), no time to review the disease (24.5%), and irregular medication (21.4%) accounted for a large proportion. They were associated with the recurrence of CPID. This method is aimed at providing some foundations for establishing effective prevention and control measures for chronic pelvic inflammation and providing a recognized clinical diagnosis and efficacy evaluation criteria for the treatment of chronic pelvic inflammation.

Women directors, educational background and firm value of Spanish listed companies

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate changes in the presence of women on Spanish boards after the Unified Good Governance Code of Listed Companies (2006) and the Organic Law 3/2007 on Gender Equality, and this study compares the educational background of women and men directors. Also, this study analyses the influence of gender diversity and educational background of women directors on economic performance, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and, ultimately, firm value. In addition, this study explores the differences in board gender composition and its effect on firm value during the crisis and post-crisis periods. Finally, this study analyses the different influence of women directors depending on their typology.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a system of structural equations and a sample of 4,101 directors of 30 Spanish companies listed on IBEX-35 over 2008–2017.FindingsThe results show that women’s presence on boards has grown since 2008, and they have higher educational background than men. This study finds that women directors improve economic performance and CSR, though results are non-significant for firm value. Women directors with a bachelor’s or master’s degree increase economic and social performance but reduce firm value. Women directors with business or industry-related studies positively influence CSR but business specialisation negatively affects economic performance and firm value.Originality/valueThis study analyses the direct and indirect effect of women directors on firm value, the influence of their educational background and the potential differences arising from the economic situation (crisis) and the type of board position they hold.

Association between periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment: a clinical pilot study

Objective: To evaluate the association between periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and explore the potential local oral risk factors for MCI. Methods: The study included 70 middle-aged and elderly subjects (44 females and 26 males) with periodontal disease who were first diagnosed by the Department of Periodontology or referred by the Department of Geriatrics in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2021 to January 2022. In this study, the control group consisted of periodontal disease patients without cognitive impairment, and the case group (MCI group) consisted of those diagnosed with MCI referred by the geriatrics specialists. Full-mouth periodontal examinations of all subjects were performed and periodontal indicators were recorded by periodontists, while digital panoramic radiographs were taken. The severity of periodontitis was defined according to the 1999 classification, and the staging and grading of periodontitis were defined according to the 2018 American Academy of Periodontology and European Federation of Periodontology classification. The mini-mental state examination scale was chosen by geriatricians to evaluate the cognitive function of the included subjects. The cubital venous blood was drawn to detect the expression levels of inflammatory factors such as hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in serum. Independent-samples t test and chi-square test were used to analyze the differences in population factors, periodontal-related indexes and serum inflammatory factors between the two groups (α=0.05). Odds ratios (OR) for MCI according to the severity of periodontitis and main periodontal clinical indexes were calculated by binary Logistic analysis. Results: Thirty-nine subjects were included in the control group and thirty-one in the MCI group. The age of the study population was (58.3±6.2) years (range: 45-70 years). The comparison between two groups showed that the control group was with higher educational background (χ²=9.45, P=0.024) and 2.6 years younger than the MCI group [(57.1±6.0) years vs. (59.7±6.3) years, t=-1.24, P=0.082]. The number and proportion of moderate to severe periodontitis in control group were significantly lower compared to those in MCI group (17 cases with 43.6% vs. 23 cases with 74.2%, χ²=6.61, P=0.010), and the OR of moderate to severe periodontitis adjusted by age and educational background was 3.00 (95%CI: 1.01-8.86, P=0.048). Compared with the grading (χ²=5.56, P=0.062) of periodontitis, staging had a greater impact on MCI (χ²=7.69, P=0.041), moreover the proportion of MCI in stage Ⅰ grade A periodontitis was significantly lower than any other type of periodontitis (χ²=13.86, P=0.036). In addition, less presence of deep periodontal pockets [probing depth (PD)≥6 mm] (17.9% vs. 41.9%, χ²=4.87, P=0.027), fewer number of PD≥4 mm (6.48±6.70 vs. 11.03±8.91, t=-2.44, P=0.017), lower plaque index (1.42±0.56 vs. 1.68±0.57, t=-1.91, P=0.059) and gingival index (1.68±0.29 vs. 1.96±0.30, t=-3.93, P<0.001) were in the control group than in the MCI group. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the levels of serum inflammatory factors, such as hs-CRP, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α (P>0.05). Conclusions: It appears a strong correlation between moderate to severe periodontitis and the incidence of MCI in middle-aged and elderly people. Moreover, deep and increased number of periodontal pockets, poor oral hygiene, and severe gingival inflammation can be potentially associated risk factors for MCI.

Digital transformation and corporate environmental performance: The moderating role of board characteristics

AbstractDigital transformation, board characteristics, and environmental performance are increasingly important in the field of corporate sustainability. However, despite the growing literature on digital transformation, there is a paucity of literature that considers board characteristics. This paper aims to fill this gap by exploring the relationship between digital transformation and environmental performance from the perspective of board characteristics. Chinese listed companies from 2010 to 2019 were taken as the original data, the moderating effect of the board characteristics was tested by using the moderating effect model. We find that digital transformation can significantly improve corporate environmental performance. A low willingness to digital transformation was showed in the board of directors with age diversity, nationality diversity, shareholding concentration, and political connections. In contrast, digital transformation strategies were preferred in the boards with more female directors and higher educational backgrounds. Our study is of significant value for companies undergoing digital transformation.