High Economic Value Research Articles

First Report of Curvularia trifolii Causing Leaf Spot on Zanthoxylum bungeanum in China.

Chinese prickly ash (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.), which is a Rutaceae plant as shrubs or small trees and indigenous to China, is widely grown in this country for its flavor, as well as its high economic and ecological value. So far, in China, the cultivated area and yield of Chinese prickly ash rank first in the world. In June 2023, a leaf spot disease with approximately 30% incidence was observed on Z. bungeanum in Zhenfeng County (25°44'21.38″ N, 105°56'47.15″ E, 1,083 m), Guizhou Province, China. Foliar symptoms appeared as irregularly shaped lesions, yellowish-brown with dark brown margins surrounded by yellow halos, which enlarged, resulting in the lesions dropping from the leaves and leaving holes. To isolate and identify the pathogen, symptomatic leaves were taken and cut into 5 mm × 5 mm pieces, surface sterilized with 2% NaClO for 3 min, 75% ethanol for 30 s, rinsed three times with sterile water, and incubated on PDA at 28°C. Ten isolates with identical morphology were obtained. After one week of incubation at 28℃, the colonies on PDA were brown, reverse dark brown, fluffy, reaching 7.0-7.5 cm in diameter. Conidia were straight or slightly curved, narrowly ellipsoidal or fusiform, 1-3 but mostly 3 septate, light or dark brown, with the middle cells usually darker than the terminal cells, smooth, 20.5-31.0 × 9.0-19.0 μm (x̄ = 26.0 × 14.0 μm, n = 30). The morphological features matched the description of Curvularia trifolii (Kauffman) Boedijn (Ellis 1971; Falloon 1976). Additionally, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit (LSU) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) genes were amplified by PCR with primers ITS5/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), LROR/LR5 (Vilgalys & Hester 1990) and GPD1/GPD2 (Berbee et al. 1999), and the ITS, LSU and gapdh sequences of the isolate GUCC 23-321 (PP837870, PP837881, PP855474) were deposited in GenBank. The BLAST showed 98.5% (ITS, HG779023, 598/709 bp), 99.87% (LSU, HG779077, 779/858 bp), and 97.79% (gapdh, HG779124, 543/498 bp) identities with C. trifolii (CBS 173.55). Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree of ML analysis based on the combined sequence data of ITS, LSU and gapdh revealed that GUCC 23-321 clustered with C. trifolii. Both morphology and phylogenetic analyses supported the identification of GUCC 23-321 as C. trifolii. Pathogenicity tests were carried out twice according to Koch's postulates. Five healthy 2-year-old Chinese prickly ash plants were sprayed with a conidial suspension (1 × 106 conidia/mL) of the isolate GUCC 23-321, while the controls (five other plants) were sprayed with sterile water. All plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 28°C, 80% relative humidity. After 8 days, the inoculated plants developed leaf spots similar to those showed in the field, but control plants were asymptomatic. Re-isolation of pathogenic fungi from the leaf lesions of the inoculated plants and according to molecular analysis and morphology, the fungi were identified as C. trifolii, fulfilling Koch's postulates. C. trifolii is a common fungal phytopathogen that has been reported to infect a variety of plants and cause leaf spot disease, such as Trifolium alexandrinum (Khadka 2016) and Nicotiana tabacum (Chen et al. 2017). This is the first worldwide report of C. trifolii causing Z. bungeanum leaf spot. The report will be beneficial for accurately diagnosing this disease, and proposing specific control measures.

Compiling molecular evidence from a tetraploid rose genome into a near-saturated map for the identification of pigment-related genes

With their high economic value and cultural significance, modern roses are one of the most important ornamental plants. Because of their complicated genetic background and tetraploid nature, the creation of high-density genetic maps of roses has been a challenge that has slowed the pace of molecular breeding for modern roses. The current construction of tetraploid genetic maps based on existing diploid rose genomes could lead to inaccurate marker information and genotyping results. Therefore, we generated the first high-quality tetraploid genome of Rosa chinensis ‘Yunzheng Xiawei.’ Utilizing Illumina, PacBio, and Hi-C sequencing technologies, we assembled a genome of 858.59 Mb with 14 pseudo-chromosomes. Mode of inheritance analysis using PolyOrigin indicated that modern roses show both quadrivalent and bivalent pairing. Based on this reference genome, high-density genetic maps were constructed using MSTmap with nearly saturated markers. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis was conducted using WinQTLCart and R/qtl for flavonoids and carotenoids, and 11 QTL clusters were identified. By combining the genome annotation, phylogenetic analyses, and gene expression analyses, we were able to identify several key genes related to flavonoid and carotenoid biosynthesis. This study provides the basis for further genetic analyses of highly heterozygous tetraploid roses and could facilitate the progress of marker-assisted selection in modern roses.

Preface

The International Conference on Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (ICNREC) is an annual event dedicated to discussing various topics and issues regarding the conservation of natural resources and the environment. The 4th ICNREC was held on October 26, 2023, at the IPB International Convention Center (Botani Square) in Bogor, Indonesia. This year, the conference raised the theme: “Origin of Land Status, History of Land Use, and Development of Plantation Land Cover.” Over the past 25 years, driven by its high economic value, the area of oil palm plantations in Indonesia has nearly tripled. Since 2008, Indonesia has been the largest palm oil producer in the world, contributing 48% of the total global palm oil production. With an area of no less than 16.32 million hectares, palm oil plantations have brought various positive impacts, including generating foreign exchange, alleviating rural poverty, and creating jobs for approximately 21.49 million people. However, this success has also drawn accusations that oil palm plantations originate from primary or secondary forests, leading to deforestation, biodiversity loss, and a decline in plant diversity. Although these accusations are still debatable and not scientifically valid, they have significantly harmed Indonesia’s position in global trade. On May 16, 2023, the European Union officially implemented the European Union Deforestation-free Regulation (EUDR), which aims to ensure that products entering the EU market come from legal sources and do not cause deforestation. This regulation requires companies to trace these commodities back to the land where they were produced. In response, there is an urgent need to develop a scientifically valid and internationally recognized Deforestation Verification or Certification System for every oil palm plantation and palm oil mill. Research collaborations have shown that data and information about the “Origin of Land Status, History of Land Use, and Development of Plantation Land Cover” in various provinces are relatively easy to obtain and scientifically valid. To achieve both national and international legitimacy, it is necessary to discuss these findings with experts from various parts of the world with relevant disciplines. Therefore, the 4th ICNREC is themed “Origin of Land Status, History of Land Use, and Development of Plantation Land Cover.” Given the strategic position of palm oil as Indonesia’s main foreign exchange source and to avoid systemic negative impacts on the future progress of Indonesia’s palm oil industry, developing a deforestation verification/certification system based on data and information about the origin of land status, land cover development, and land use history is crucial. The 4th ICNREC was organized in partnership with the Center for Study, Advocacy, and Nature Conservation (PUSAKA KALAM), the Faculty of Forestry and Environment of IPB University, and the French Agricultural Research for International Development (CIRAD). It also received support from various sponsors, including the Indonesia Oil Palm Plantation Fund Management Agency (BPDPKS), Sampoerna Agri, the Indonesian Palm Oil Association (GAPKI), Asian Agri, the French Embassy in Indonesia, and the Indonesian Oil Palm Farmers Association (APKASINDO), along with many others who contributed to the event’s success. The conference resulted in a proceeding featuring 23 papers on various aspects of biodiversity. We appreciate all the support received in organizing the conference and preparing the proceedings and hope that these proceedings will benefit many people. Best Regards, Prof, Dr. Ir. Yanto Santosa, DEA Chairman of Committee of The 4th ICNREC List of Committee is available in this Pdf.

Ultrasound-assisted low-temperature extraction of polysaccharides from Lavandula angustifolia Mill.: Optimization, structure characterization, and anti-inflammatory activity

Lavandula angustifolia Mill. is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb with high economic and pharmacological value. In this study, we optimized the conditions for low-temperature ultrasound-assisted extraction of L. angustifolia Mill. polysaccharides using response surface methodology (RSM), and two homopolysaccharides LAPW1 (33.6 kDa) and LAPS1 (95.9 kDa) were obtained after isolation and purification by DEAE-650 M and Superdex™ 200 chromatography. The primary structure of LAPS1 was determined using “partial acid hydrolysis, methylation, two-dimensional (2D NMR) spectroscopy” as the core method. The results revealed that LAPS1 is a heteropolysaccharide whose main chain consists of [-1)-β-Galp-(6→1)-α-Araf-(5→]3-1-α-Araf-(3→1)-α-Araf-(5→[1)-β-Galp-(6→1)-α-Araf-(5→]3-1-α-Araf-(5→1)-α-Araf-(5→[-1)-β-Galp-(6→1)-α-Araf-(5→]3. In vitro experiments revealed that LAPW1 and LAPS1 significantly reduced the production of the inflammatory cytokines Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), as well as the expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 (NOS2) and release of nitric oxide (.NO) free radical in the inflammatory model established by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW264.7. Besides, the zebrafish inflammatory model, stimulated by CuSO4, was employed to assess the impact of polysaccharides on neutrophil migration, indicating a notable decrease in zebrafish neutrophils and confirming their potential anti-inflammatory activity. These results indicate that polysaccharides from L. angustifolia Mill. be used in the development of functional foods and pharmaceutical products.

VvbZIP22 regulates quercetin synthesis to enhances cold resistance in grape

Grapes are one of the important fruit crops widely cultivated in the world, with high nutritional and economic value. However, with the intensification of global warming, extreme low temperature has seriously affected the development of the grape industry. Quercetin is a highly antioxidant active substance that can enhance the tolerance of plants to external environmental stress, but its function and mechanism in response to low-temperature stress in grapes are still unclear. Here, we found that grapes accumulate more quercetin under low-temperature stress, and exogenous quercetin can significantly improve the cold resistance of grapes. The key quercetin synthesis gene VvFLS1 (flavanol synthase 1) is up-regulated after low-temperature treatment, and overexpression of VvFLS1 increases quercetin content and enhances the cold resistance of grape. Yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase reporter systems demonstrate that VvbZIP22 (basic-leucine zipper 22) directly binds to the VvFLS1 promoter, and VvbZIP22 has cold-induced expression characteristics. Overexpression of VvbZIP22 significantly improves the cold resistance of grape. The above results indicate that quercetin plays an important role in the response of grapes to low-temperature stress. Under low temperature, VvbZIP22 can mediate quercetin synthesis through regulating VvFLS1, alleviate oxidative damage, and improve the cold resistance of grapes.

Daya Saing Kacang Mete Indonesia Di Pasar Negara Tujuan Ekspor

Cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale) are a leading plantation commodity with high economic value, essential for the development of the agricultural industry. Despite their significant potential as an export commodity, the export value of Indonesian cashew nuts has tended to decline during the period from 2013 to 2022. The aim of this study is to measure the competitiveness and development position of Indonesian cashew nuts from 2013 to 2022 in export destination countries. The data used in this research are secondary data in the form of time series data. The time series data includes annual data over 10 years (2013-2022) with export destination countries being Vietnam, India, Malaysia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Japan, and China. The methods used in this study are the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), and X-Model Potential Export Product methods. The results of the study show the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Export Product Dynamics (EPD) values of Indonesian cashew nuts for the period 2013-2022 in the Vietnamese market with an RCA of 4.47 and a Lost Opportunity market position, India at 0.88 with a Retreat status, Singapore at 0.019 with a Falling Star status, Malaysia at 0.43 with a Lost Opportunity status, Sri Lanka at 21.55 with a Falling Star status, Japan at 7.36 with a Falling Star status, and China at 0.21 with a Rising Star market position. Meanwhile, the X-Model analysis shows that the market potential in Vietnam, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Japan, and Malaysia is classified as potential markets, the market potential in China is classified as an optimistic market, and the market potential in India is classified as a less potential market. As an export commodity, cashew nuts require proper handling and special attention. To ensure the quality, selling value, and strong competitiveness of cashew nuts, the government must continuously strive to enhance the selling value of cashew nuts through plantation development, garden and plant maintenance, and processing improvements.

Isolation of linalool compounds of nampu rhizome essential oil (Homalomena occulta) by vacuum fractionation distillation method

The perfume industry in various countries is increasingly expanding and the appeal of perfume comes from its distinctive scent. One of Indonesia's potential needs in the organic perfume industry is essential oils. Nampu rhizome (Homalomena occulta) has great potential and is widely spread on the island of Java. This is because the Nampu rhizome has the main chemical component in the form of linalool compounds, which are essential oil components with high economic value, so it needs to improve quality by increasing its purity. A technology that was developed to improve the purity of essential oils was vacuum fractionation distillation. The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of temperature on the quality of distillation in the fractionation results of Nampu rhizome essential oil (linalool compound). The experiment used a material temperature factor between 135-160°C and > 160°C.The analysis of fractionation results was carried out on physical properties including refractive index, specific gravity, optical rotation, colour, and linalool compound with GC-FID and yield. The results showed a refractive index value of 1.4620 nD, specific gravity of 0.8647, optical rotation of -19.80, clear oil colour and yield of 69.80%. Chemical analysis with GC-FID improves the purity level of the final product against the linalool fraction increased by 10.02% or linalool purity by 90.92%.

The polyphasic approach reveals ten novel and one known Ascomycota taxa from terrestrial agarwood‐producing trees

AbstractAquilaria (Thymelaeaceae), a tropical and subtropical plant, is one of the main genera that can produce agarwood. Aquilaria sinensis and Aquilaria yunnanensis are native Chinese tree species, and A. sinensis is China's main agarwood source. Agarwood is a nontimber forest product with high economic and medicinal value. First‐grade agarwood is sold as much as $100 000 per kilogram. There has been little research on the saprobic fungi associated with Aquilaria, with only 11 records having been reported. In the present study, 10 terrestrial saprobic fungi associated with A. sinensis and A. yunnanensis were collected in China. Based on morphological and phylogenetic studies, these 10 collections are introduced herein as one new genus (Aquilariomyces), nine new species – Aquilariomyces aquilariae, Corynespora aquilariae, Melomastia maomingensis, Nigrograna aquilariae, Parathyridariella aquilariae, Peroneutypa maomingensis, Phaeoseptum aquilariae, Pseudothyridariella aquilariae, and Triangularia aquilariae, and one known species (Camarographium clematidis). Descriptions, illustrations of morphological characteristics, photo plates, phylogenetic trees, and the results of a pairwise homoplasy index test (PHI) test results are provided.

Biological characteristics of Moolgarda cunnesius (Valenciennes, 1836) in Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam

Moolgarda cunnesius (Valenciennes, 1836) is a species of the Mugilidae family, commonly known as a delicious fish with high nutritional and economic value, making it very promising. Zoological research methods and DNA barcoding are used to study this fish. Morphological Characteristics: The Leaf mullet has 62 to 75 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch. The upper jaw is slightly curved downward, and the anterior margin of the anterior alveolar is slightly concave. The body has 37 to 43 scales. The first dorsal fin has 4 spines, while the second dorsal fin is smaller and starts behind the anal fin. Pectoral Fins: These fins are 2/3 of the head length. Anal and Pelvic Fins: These fins are small. The second dorsal and anal fins have few scales, with scales only on the anterior and basal parts. The dorsal surface is green, the flanks and abdomen are iridescent silver, and the fins are slightly dull. There is a difference in the measurement criteria between the study areas, but there is no difference between male and female groups. Mahalanobis distance analysis showed no conformational difference between male and female groups of M. cunnesius and no similarity between sexes. Nutritional biological characteristics: The food composition includes a variety of zooplankton phytoplankton benthic animals, and organic detritus. Organic humus has the highest occurrence, followed by dinoflagellates, blue-green algae, diatoms, and the lowest is arthropods. This diverse food composition illustrates that M. cunnesius is an omnivorous species. Genetic Characteristics: COI gene DNA barcoding was used to study the genetic diversity of M. cunnesius in two regions of the North and the South of Tam Giang lagoon. Amplified and sequenced 10 samples of the COI gene of M. cunnesius in Tam Giang lagoon recorded a size of 650 bp. The rate of difference in COI sequences of the 2 samples is low compared to previous studies. The similarity coefficient of M. cunnesius in the two areas of Tam Giang lagoon is very high (0.9953).

Unraveling the Mitogenomic Characteristics and Phylogenetic Implications of Leuciscus merzbacheri (Zugmayer, 1912), an Endangered Fish in the Junggar Basin of Xinjiang, Northwest China.

Leuciscus merzbacheri is a rare and endangered fish in Xinjiang, China. As a representative species of the fauna in the Junggar Basin, it is of high economic and scientific value. The genetic data are still limited, and the mitochondrial genomic characteristics remain unexplored. A high-throughput sequencing method was used to obtain the complete mitogenome of L. merzbacheri. The full length of the circular DNA was 16,609 bp, and it consisted of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs and 2 non-coding regions. The overall nucleotide compositions of both the mitogenome and PCGs showed an obvious AT preference with percentages of 54.20% and 53.60%, respectively. Three commonly used amino acids were Leu (16.43%), Ala (8.95%) and Thr (7.85%) in turn. All tRNAs could form the typical clover structures excluding tRNA-Ser AGY. The presumed secondary structures of two rRNAs contained several stem-loop domains, and the structure of 12S rRNA seemed to be more stable than that of 16S rRNA. Extended termination sequence regions (ETASs), central conserved regions (CSB-F, CSB-E and CSB-D), and conserved sequence regions (CSB-1, CSB-2 and CSB-3) were identified in the control region. The phylogenetic tree showed that L. merzbacheri was recovered with strong supports as a sister to the other members of the genus. The location in the outermost branch implied that it might be a relatively ancient species among its congeners. This study would complement the genetic data on L. merzbacheri and contribute to a better understanding of molecular evolution in Leuciscus as well.

DIGITAL MARKETING IN THE CREATIVE ECONOMY

The urgency of this research is focused on Mina Padi Integrated Agriculture education in order to increase rice production and freshwater fish production by Cibahayu Village farmers as well as digital marketing training in the creative economy of making fish-based culinary that has high economic value, as well as digital-based marketing education so as to increase economic opportunities from these marketing strategies. Through this research activity, it is hoped that digital literacy related to production marketing can be a provision in utilizing existing economic opportunities. The purpose of this research activity is to provide experience and knowledge for farmers to be able to carry out the mina padi system, besides that the community is able to apply the creative economy by making fish-based culinary, and understand the digital-based production marketing process.

ANALYSIS Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) AND Maimum Sustainable Yield (MSY) MALE MACKEREL (Rastrelliger kanagurta) FLYING IN THE SAMUDERA FISHING LAND (PPS) KENDARI

The Banda Sea is an Indonesian water body that holds potential for small pelagic fisheries resources. Situated between Sulawesi Island and Maluku, it is part of the Fisheries Management Area Of The Republic Of Indonesia (WPP-NRI 714), Male mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) is one of the fish species with high economic value, greatly favored by the community for consumption. This has led to an increase in its capture rates. Therefore, the research aims to determine the CPUE and MSY of Indian mackerel in the Kendari Ocean Fisheries Port. Data collection was conducted at the Kendari Ocean Fisheries Port from logbooks, and the research lasted from November to December 2023. The results showed that the standard fishing gear used to catch these fish is purse seine. The status of the utilization of the fishery resources is said to be experiencing underfishing. Based on the research results, the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is 96,386 kg/year, with an optimal fishing effort of 2,300 trips/year (Fox model).

The economic value of reducing avoidable mortality.

Living longer and healthier boosts individual and family welfare. As part of the World Bank's Healthy Longevity Initiative, we quantified the economic value of achieving the highest possible life span. We estimated the economic value of reducing avoidable mortality, defined as the difference between observed (or projected) mortality and lowest achieved (or projected) mortality, by world regions, sex, and age, between 2000 and 2021, with projection to 2050. In 2019, 69% of mortality, or 40 million deaths, was avoidable. The economic value of avoidable mortality globally was 23% of annual income, meaning that, globally, populations would be willing to give up about one-fifth of their current income in exchange for a year living at the lowest achieved mortality rate. This value ranges from 19% in China to 34% in sub-Saharan Africa. Under the rapid-progress scenario, in which countries experience fast but plausible mortality reductions from 2019 to 2050, we would expect globally the gap between projected and frontier life expectancy to be halved by 2050, and the economic value after achieving this scenario is equivalent to 14% of annual income. Our work provides supportive evidence on the high economic value placed on improving health.

Combined Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Provides Insights in Response Mechanism under Heat Stress in Avocado (Persea americana Mill.)

Plants generate a range of physiological and molecular responses to sustain their growth and development when suffering heat stress. Avocado is a type of tropical fruit tree with high economic value. Most avocado cultivars delete, wither, or even die when exposed to heat stress for a long time, which seriously restricts the introduction and cultivation of avocados. In this study, samples of a heat-intolerant variety (‘Hass’) were treated under heat stress, and the transcriptomics and metabolomics were analyzed, with the expectation of providing information on the variety improvement and domestication of avocados. The differentially expressed genes identified using transcriptome analysis mainly involved metabolic pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction, plant–pathogen interaction, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis indicated that the down-regulation of Hass.g03.10206 and Hass.g03.10205 in heat shock-like proteins may result in the reduced Trehalose and Sinapoyl aldehyde content. Metabolomics analysis results indicated that the decrease in Trehalose and Sinapoyl aldehyde content may be an important factor for heat intolerance. These results provide important clues for understanding the physiological mechanisms of adaptation to heat stress in avocados.

Vegetative Growth Response of Chili Pepper Plants (Capsicum frutescens L.) Absolut 69 Variety to Rice Husk Biochar Application

Chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is one of the raw material crops with high economic value in Indonesia. This research aims to determine the effect of rice husk biochar on the vegetative growth of cayenne pepper plants (Capsicum frutescens L.) Absolute 69 variety. This research was conducted from June to August 2024 in Kertasura Village, Kapetakan District, Cirebon Regency. The technique used in this research was a randomized block design (RAK) with six treatments. The rice husk biochar treatments tested consisted of B0 (0 t/ha control), B1 (2.5 t/ha), B2 (5 t/ha), B3 (7.5 t/ha), and B4 (10 t /ha) and B5 (12.5 t/ha) and each treatment was repeated four times so that resulting in 24 trials. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, root length, root volume, and plant dry weight. The results showed that applying rice husk biochar affected all parameters except root volume. Providing 10 tons of rice husk biochar per hectare is most effective for the vegetative growth of chili peppers.

The Effect of Probiotic Administration with Different Time Intervals on Water Quality in Shrimp Cultivation Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) Biofloc System

Vaname shrimp is one of the marine fishery commodities that has high economic value. Water in vaname shrimp cultivation must be maintained in quality. Ammonia can be harmful to shrimp, control of ammonia and organic matter content can be done biologically with the application of probiotics. Therefore, this study needs to be conducted to determine the right time interval in providing probiotics to the water quality of vaname shrimp cultivation in the biofloc system. The method used in this study is the experimental method, using RAL with 4 treatment levels and 3 repetitions, with treatment P0 (Once during maintenance), P1 (once every 5 days), P2 (once every 10 days) and P3 (once every 15 days), the probiotic used in this study is the probiotic Probio-7. The results of the study during 56 days of maintenance showed that the average value of water quality salinity 26.7-27 ppt, temperature 27.7-28°C DO 7.13-7.16 mg/L, nitrate 0.63-0.87 mg/L and Total Ammonia 0.76-0.92 mg/L. Based on the research activities that have been carried out, the interval of probiotic administration has a significant effect on water quality. Probiotic administration can increase the Total Ammonia content and reduce the amount of ammonia in this study. Probiotic administration with an interval of 5 days once (P1) gave a total ammonia value of 0.78 mg/L with an ammonia amount of 0.067 mg/L. P1 also gave the highest growth, absolute weight 5.61 g, absolute length 8.82 cm, SGR 5.779%/Day and FCR 1.47.

THÀNH PHẦN LOÀI CÁ LƯU VỰC SÔNG NGÀN PHỐ, HUYỆN HƯƠNG SƠN, TỈNH HÀ TĨNH

The composition of fish species in the Ngan Pho River basin, Huong Son district, Ha Tinh province, was studied from 2020 to 2022. The study aims to evaluate the diversity of fish species and their situation of exploitation in the area. Our results have found 78 species of fish distributed in 8 sampling points in the basin. Forty-eight fish species have been identified as high economic value, of which 16 species were found to be cultivated. Combined with the results of previous research, we have determined 107 fish species belonging to 72 genera of 20 subfamilies and 29 families belonging to 11 orders in the Ngan Pho River basin. Moreover, 39 species were discovered for the first time distributed here. In addition, some species were not reencountered during the field survey, including marine species migrating for food, such as Echidna polyzona, Ophichthus microcephalus, and Pisodonophis boro. They are possibly impacted by anthropogenic factors such as sand exploitation along the basin and changes in the flow from the Lam River estuary to the La River tributary and then to the Ngan Pho River. Keywords: Freshwater fish; Huong Son; Fish fauna; Ngan Pho river.

Deep recovery of clean coal from coking middlings: Pre-separation in liquid-solid fluidized bed and subsequent flotation

The coking middlings remaining after the production of coking coal contain a significant amount of clean coal, which has the high economic and environmental value if it can be effectively enriched. To improve resource utilization and avoid the negative environmental impacts of coking middlings, this study evaluated a new comprehensive separation process (i.e., pre-gravity separation in liquid-solid fluidized bed and subsequent flotation) to achieve high-yield recovery of clean coal from coking middlings. Preliminary enrichment by gravity separation achieved a combustible recovery rate, a clean-coal yield, and an ash content of 64.43 %, 49.62 %, and 15.89 %, respectively. This product was ground for 20 min to further dissociate clean coal and inorganic minerals and was further enriched by flotation separation. Under optimal flotation conditions (rotational speed, 2200 rpm; mass of collector, 2 kg/t; mass of frother, 200 g/t; and pulp concentration, 40 g/L), a clean-coal combustible recovery rate of 84.19 % was achieved. Overall, the comprehensive separation process achieved a clean-coal product with a high yield of 38.82 % and low ash content of 9.08 %, which is suitable for use as coking coal for steel plants. The tailings, with an ash content of 51.49 % and a yield of 61.18 %, are suitable as fuel for power plants. Therefore, the comprehensive separation process provides good economic benefits.

Efficient Plantlet Regeneration from Branches in Mangifera indica L.

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most significant tropical and subtropical fruit species, with high ecological and economic value. However, research on the in vitro culture of mangoes is relatively weak, so establishing an efficient and stable mango plant regeneration system is of great significance. In this study, a preliminary mango regeneration system was established with Mangifera indica L. cv. Keitt from young branches as the starting explants. The results showed that the optimal plant growth regulator (PGR) formula for direct adventitious shoot induction on the branches was 1 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) + 0.1 mg/L a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), with an adventitious shoot induction rate of 73.63% and an average of 6.76 adventitious shoots. The optimal basal medium for adventitious shoot induction was wood plant medium (WPM), with an adventitious shoot induction rate of 63.87% and an average of 5.21 adventitious shoots. The optimal culture medium for adventitious shoot elongation was WPM + 1 mg/L 6-BA + 0.5 mg/L NAA, with an adventitious shoot elongation rate of 89.33% and an average length of 5.17 cm. The optimal formula for the induction of mango rooting was Douglas fir cotyledon revised medium (DCR) + 3 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), with a maximum rooting rate of 66.13% and an average rooting quantity of 6.43. The genetic fidelity of the in vitro-regenerated plants was evaluated using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. There was no difference between the in vitro-regenerated plants and the parent plant. This study provides an efficient and stable propagation system for Mangifera indica L., laying the foundation for its rapid propagation and genetic improvement.

Phytochemical profiling and bioactivity analysis of Citrus japonica leaves volatile oil from Palestine

BackgroundExploring the therapeutic potential of unutilized plant parts from agricultural crops represents a promising strategy for discovering novel medications with high positive economic value. This study aimed to characterize the composition, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antioxidant, and cytotoxic effects of volatile oil (VO) extracted from the leaves of Citrus japonica trees. This is the first research to assess the C. japonica VO’s anti-obesity, anti-lipase, and cytotoxic properties. Using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assays and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, the components of VO and its capacity to suppress the growth of cancer and other abnormal cells were ascertained, respectively. Stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals, p-nitrophenyl butyrate (PNPB), and dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) assays were employed to determine antioxidant, anti-obesity, and antidiabetic activities, respectively.ResultsThe C. japonica leaf showed significant diversity in type and percentage of VO molecules. Overall, 45 compounds were identified in the VO, constituting 99.69% of the total oil composition. γ-Muurolene (28.12%), β-eudesmol (10.93%), γ-eudesmol (8.44%), germacrene B (7.39%), and elemol (7.27%) are the major characterized molecules. According to the inhibition percentage results of DPPH free radicals, porcine pancreatic lipase, and α-amylase, the VO exhibits strong antioxidant properties and weak inhibitory effects on lipase and α-amylase enzymes. The C. japonica VO showed a moderate cytotoxic effect against Hep3B and considerable activity on B16F1, CaCo-2, HeLa, MCF-7, and HepG2, with IC50 doses in the range of 69.7–171.96 µg/mL. The VO cytotoxic effect IC50 against the normal cell line LX-2 was 224.95 µg/mL.ConclusionThe current study collectively presented the chemical constituents of C. japonica leaf VO from Palestine for the first time and demonstrated its inhibitory effects against DPPH free radicals, porcine pancreatic lipase, and α-amylase. The results suggest that C. japonica leaf VO has the potential to be used as a natural supplement to prevent or treat cancer, as well as in the food industry as a natural antioxidant.Graphical