High Economic Benefits Research Articles

Lightweight steering equipment based on prestressed modal analysis

As the key component to control the driving direction of the vehicle, the steering device always bears large vibration and load. In order to improve structural performance and reduce costs, a multi-objective optimization method based on the results of prestressed modal analysis was proposed, which can achieve significant lightweight and cost-effectiveness improvement. Based on the principle and working characteristics of the steering device, the minimum value of mass, minimum value of maximum stress, maximum value of equivalent stiffness were set as optimization objectives. Through finite element analysis, the prestressed modal module was constructed, and the strength and modal characteristics of the steering device were obtained. In order to verify the accuracy of prestressed modal analysis, the vibration testing experimental platform was built in a non free state. The excitation and response signals can be obtained through sensors and data acquisition devices and used as input and output data. According to the comparative analysis of simulated vibration modes, it can be concluded that the coupling analysis of strength and mode is more in line with actual boundary conditions and has high reliability. The DOE (Design of Experience) method was adopted to construct discrete corresponding values between design variables and optimization objectives based on the results of prestressed modal analysis. In order to better evaluate the cost-effectiveness of lightweight, a comparative analysis was conducted on the results of primary and secondary lightweight. The results show that the prestressed modal analysis method can achieve good dynamic analysis accuracy. Without reducing strength and equivalent stiffness, the mass of the steering device can be reduced by 14 %, achieving high economic benefits.

Evaluating Losses from Water Scarcity and Benefits of Water Conservation Measures to Intercity Supply Chains in China.

The severe water scarcity in China poses significant economic risks to its agriculture, energy, and manufacturing sectors, which can have a cascading effect through the supply chains. Current research has assessed water scarcity losses for global countries and Chinese provinces by using the water scarcity risk (WSR) method. However, this method involves subjective functions and parameter settings, and it fails to capture the adaptive behaviors of economies to water scarcity, compromising the reliability of quantified water scarcity loss. There is a pressing need for a new method to assess losses related to water scarcity. Here, we develop an agent-based complex network model to estimate the inter-regional and intersectoral impacts of water scarcity on both cities and basins. Subsequently, we evaluate the supply chain-wide economic benefits of four different water conservation measures as stipulated by the 14th Five-Year Plan for the Construction of a Water-Saving Society. These measures include increasing the utilization rate of recycled water in water-scarce cities, reducing the national water consumption per industrial value-added, and implementing agricultural and residential water conservation measures. Results show that direct losses constitute only 9% of the total losses from water scarcity. Approximately 37% of the losses can be attributed to interregional impacts. Among the water-scarce cities, Qingdao, Lanzhou, Jinan, and Zhengzhou pose a significant threat to China's supply chains. Agricultural water conservation yields the highest amount of water savings and economic benefits, while residential water conservation provides the highest economic benefit per unit of water saved. The results provide insights into managing water scarcity, promoting cross-regional cooperation, and mitigating economic impacts.

Yield Response of Chick Pea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties to NPS Fertilizer

Low soil fertility status and reduced biological nitrogen fixation are some of the major constraints in limiting chickpea yield. Thus, an experiment was conducted with the objective of assessing the effect of blended NPS fertilizer rates on the yield and yield components and economic advantages of chickpea varieties. The experiment was done using randomized complete block design with five NPS rates (0, 50, 75, 100 and 125 kg ha-1) and three chick pea varieties (Arerty, Shasho and Teketay) in three replications. The result showed that the main effect of variety had significant effect on days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, population at harvest, number of secondary branches, number of pods per plant, number of seed per pod, 100 seed weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. Application of NPS significantly influenced number of pod per plant, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. In addition, the pooled effect of the two factors showed highly significant differences on days to 50% germination, population at emergence and primary plant branches. Hence, Arerty variety showed an increased yield throughout the applied rates and attained its highest yield (3166.70 kg) at 125 kg ha-1 NPS applied along with the highest profit gaining. Shasho variety also showed a positive yield response at all treated plots as compared to the control; but attained maximum yield (2861 kg ha-1) at 100 kg ha-1 NPS applied. However, maximum profit was attained at rate of 75 kg ha-1 NPS. Teketay variety attained highest yield (3138.70 kg ha-1) at 100 kg ha-1 NPS applied; however its highest benefit to cost ratio (1.73) with highest economic benefit was reached at 50 kg ha-1 NPS applied. Thus, based on results obtained from this study, it can be concluded that using 100kg, 75kg and 50kg of NPS fertilizer ha-1 application for Arerty, Shasho, and Teketay varieties respectively improved productivity of chickpea with economically significant amount at the vicinity of the research area.

Cost-Effectiveness and Policy Implications of Personalised Medicine

Purpose: Personalised medicine’s integration into healthcare systems around the world, as well as its policy implications and economic impact, are all thoroughly examined in this article. Personalised medicine holds great potential for better patient outcomes through pharmacogenomic-guided therapies; however, there are substantial financial and regulatory hurdles to overcome. Methods: Our extensive work included cost-utility analyses and cost-effectiveness analyses. The long-term economic impacts of various scenarios were modelled using Monte Carlo simulations. These scenarios included increasing the scale of genetic testing in high-risk populations and expanding the use of pharmacogenomic treatments for cardiovascular disease. Additionally, data about ethical considerations were discarded from case studies and regulatory documents. Results: For high-risk cancer patients, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for expanding genetic testing averaged $58,500 per quality life years (QALY), and it was likely cost-effective 75% of the time. Cardiovascular pharmacogenomic testing had a higher economic benefit, with an 88% likelihood of cost-effectiveness and an ICER of $42,000 per QALY. With a 40% likelihood of cost-effectiveness and an ICER of $115,000 per QALY, personalised cancer immunotherapies were less cost-effective. Conclusions: Despite obstacles such as high initial costs and disjointed regulatory frameworks, personalised medicine shows great promise for improved outcomes and cost savings through genetic testing and pharmacogenomics.

Study on the Equivalent Conversion and Utilisation Model of Solar Energy and its Benefits

Relying on the energy local area network (LAN), we study the equivalent conversion relationship between different “energy qualities” in the process of solar energy conversion and utilisation and its benefit model. Considering the impact of load demand characteristics and current energy consumption price factors on solar energy utilization, a multi-objective optimization model of solar energy conversion and utilization is constructed with the goals of maximizing solar energy utilization and maximizing the comprehensive benefits of system operation; then, the particle swarm optimization algorithm with quantum behaviour is used to optimize and solve the model, and a comparative analysis is carried out with the traditional single-energy supply mode. The results show that the proposed model can effectively improve the comprehensive utilisation and consumption of solar energy by the energy consumption system, and achieve higher energy sales benefits. Therefore, with the help of energy storage technology, the fluctuation and intermittency of the solar PV system output can be suppressed, and flexible grid connection can be realised, so as to enhance the grid-connected capacity of solar energy; at the same time, higher economic benefits can be obtained with the help of optimisation, coordination and control system operation. Optimised control of solar PV power generation systems under different scenarios ensures the safety and stability of the system’s power output and improves the grid-connected capability of solar PV power generation systems. The validity and feasibility of the proposed model and its operation mode are verified, providing a new idea for the development and utilisation of large-scale solar energy.

Synthesis of low-cost multi-element Pt-based alloy nanoparticles as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction.

Due to their high catalytic activity, stability, and economic benefits, Pt-based multi-element alloyed nanoparticles (NPs) are considered promising electrodes for oxygen reduction reactions. However, a synthesis method capable of controlling the reduction reaction of elements with different redox potentials to synthesize multimetallic alloy NPs is yet to be developed. In this study, monodisperse NiPtPd alloy NPs with varying compositions were synthesized using 1-heptanol as a reducing solvent. The selection of low-reducing noble metal precursors and complexing agents is done strategically to adjust the reduction time of metal ions. The spectroscopic results confirmed that olelylamine (OAm) preferentially coordinates with Pt ions, while trioctylphosphine (TOP) preferentially coordinates with Pd ions. Consequently, control of the elemental distribution within the particle is successfully achieved by adjusting the OAm/Pt and TOP/Pd molar ratios. Subsequently, Ni78Pt11Pd11 alloy NPs were designed, and their catalytic properties as electrodes in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) were examined. Despite a low noble metal content of 22%, the catalytic performance and stability were superior to and comparable to those of commercial Pt NPs, respectively.

Evaluation of the quality of cow’s milk when using a mineral feed additive

Optimal cow feeding is the basis for successful dairy production, since feed costs can be up to half the cost of milk. An effective feeding program should achieve several goals: planned milk productivity, increased consumption of dry matter and improved functioning of the rumen microflora. Feed additives that affect the animal’s body play an important role in the diet, which is expressed in an increase in the average daily weight gain, a decrease in conversion rates and an improvement in metabolic processes. However, it is important to remember that additives alone cannot guarantee high productivity or economic benefits of dairy production. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of the multicomponent feed additive “Felucene” on the hygienic quality and safety of cow’s milk. The experiment was carried out in an educational and experimental farm, where, according to the principle of analogues, two groups of dairy cows of 40 heads each were formed. Both groups received the basic diet adopted by the farm, but the first group additionally received “Felucene” at the rate of 5 g per 1 kg of body weight. The analysis of milk composition and productivity was carried out on the 10th, 30th, 60th and 90th days of the study. The use of Felucene led to a 10% increase in dairy productivity of cows and improved milk quality characteristics: the mass fraction of fat increased by 0.09%, protein — by 0.20%, lactose — by 0.18%. The number of fat globules increased by 22%, and the content of the casein fraction increased by 10%. At the same time, the volume of milk corresponding to Class I in rennet fermentation and thermal stability increased by 18% and 17%, respectively.

Recycle waste PET yarn on site by feeding waste yarn as grinded powder to improve product quality, increase energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact

A technical approach was proposed to recycle waste PET yarn on site with the aim of building green manufacturing plant with no waste accumulation. In the recycling process, the waste PET yarn with almost infinite aspect ratio was first treated with custom-designed grinder prior to recycling, which breaks the yarn into small pieces and produce powder-like final product (waste yarn/fiber powder, WYP/WFP). Then it could be mixed with PTA and EG to form slurry and fed into manufacturing unit using well-established method rather than be fed as melt by screw-extruder that is known for its high energy intensity. Furthermore, the wetting of WYP by EG during slurry formation facilitates the de-oxygenation process and is beneficial to improve the quality of product, which produces higher quality products with lower cost compared to conventional methods. PET containing 20 wt.% WYP addition using the proposed technical approach could give best balance between performance and profit margin. The properties of the produced PET products (20% WYP addition) were found similar to that of virgin counterparts and meet the specs for various commercial application. With the help of energy benign treatment and feeding processes, the energy intensity and CO2 emission of this method compared to conventional method were reduced by 78.96% and 62.02%, respectively. The method proposed a novel energy efficient and cost-effective approach to reliably recycle waste PET to high quality PET products on site. It partially solves the problems that the industry currently encountered, such as high recycle cost, relatively low product quality, high energy intensity and low economic benefit. It moves one step forward to the greening of the manufacturing process and may help on the sustainable development of the PET industry.

A Computer Science-Based Study of Resource Recycling Strategies in the Process of Continuous Urbanization

Abstract In the face of limited resources, recycling, as an advanced form of resource waste recovery and treatment, can effectively achieve the comprehensive goals of optimal utilization of resources, environmental protection, and sustainable economic development. A resource waste recycling system is established in this paper that is based on the reverse logistics system in circular logistics and takes into account the requirements of resource recycling. The MILP model of stochastic planning is established by analyzing the objective function and constraints of each parameter in the system and then using the genetic algorithm to solve the optimal scheme of resource recycling planning. Example analysis shows that the planning model proposed in this paper can design a reasonable and effective plan for resource recycling in the city, and the recycling volume of plastic bottles in City Z will reach 6.85 kilotons in 2024 after the implementation of the plan, which can bring high economic benefits to the city. The model presented in this paper takes into account as many factors in resource recycling as possible, which aids in providing an accurate scientific basis for resource recycling management decisions.

상수관망 관리를 위한 3D 공간정보 시스템 및 모델 프로토타입 개발

Recently, water supply problems and the advent of the 4th Industrial Revolution, smart water supply network management using digital twin technology is becoming needs. In this study, to develop a prototype of the model and system 3D visualization information system for water supply network management based on own technology without restrictions on licenses. Based on the data from the ME(2017), an inventory DB according to the Level classification was established, and for 3D visualization based on 2D information systems, 9-steps of implementation process and verification were conducted. Comparing and analyzing the values of latitude and longitude of polygons, it was confirmed that the reliability and accuracy of the two-dimensional information system implemented in this study were secured. Therefore, 3D visualization was performed using this, and the process of designing data linkage plans within the program and implementing 3D visualization was established. The results of this study are considered insignificant in the construction of a network management space server with high economic benefits and high reliability and accuracy of GIS.

Atomically dispersed silver atoms incorporated in spinel cobalt oxide (Co3O4) for boosting oxygen evolution reaction

Incorporating noble metal single atoms into lattice of spinel cobalt oxide (Co3O4) is an attractive way to fabricate oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts because of the high activity and economic benefit. The commonly used high valence noble metal dopants such as ruthenium, iridium and rhodium tend to supersede Co3+ at octahedral site of Co3O4 and result in great activity, the origins of admirable activity were also wildly investigated. However, bare explorations on doping noble metal single atom into tetrahedral site of Co3O4 to construct OER catalyst have been reported, corresponding catalytic activity and mechanism remain mystery. Here, a promising structure that tetrahedrally substituent Ag single atom embedded in Co3O4 nanoparticles on the surface of carbon nanotube (Ag-Co3O4/CNT) was presented, and its performance in OER was probed. The high angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) demonstrate the successful embeddedness of atomical Ag atom in Co3O4 lattice, the resultant electronic interaction is conducive to promote charge transfer for OER. Theoretical calculations further disclose that atomical Ag dopant prefers to replace tetrahedral Co2+ rather than octahedral Co3+. The substitution Ag acts as the active site through Ag-Co bridge and facilitates the desorption process, which improves the turnover frequency (TOF) and boosts the intrinsic activity of Ag-Co3O4/CNT. Benefiting from the essentials above, Ag-Co3O4/CNT displays remarkable activity (236 mV@10 mA cm−2) and robust stability for alkaline OER. This finding offers a potential direction for the design of noble metal single atom involved Co3O4 based OER electrocatalysts.

Optimized nitrogen application for maximizing yield and minimizing nitrogen loss in film mulching spring maize production on the Loess Plateau, China

Excessive use of N fertilizers (driven by high-yield goals) and its consequent environmental problems are becoming increasingly acute in agricultural systems. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three N application methods (application of solid granular urea once (OF) or twice (TF), application of solid granular urea mixed with controlled-release urea once (MF)), and six N rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 kg N ha−1) on maize yield, economic benefits, N use efficiency, and soil N balance in the maize (Zea mays L.) film mulching system on the Loess Plateau, China. The grain yield and economic return of maize were significantly affected by the N rate and application method. Compared with the OF treatment, the MF treatment not only increased the maize yield (increased by 9.0–16.7%) but also improved the economic return (increased by 10.9–25.8%). The agronomic N use efficiency (NAE), N partial factor productivity (NPFP) and recovery N efficiency (NRE) were significantly improved by 19.3–66.7, 9.0–16.7 and 40.2–71.5%, respectively, compared with the OF treatment. The economic optimal N rate (EONR) of the OF, TF, and MF was 145.6, 147.2, and 144.9 kg ha−1 in 2019, and 206.4, 186.4, and 146.0 kg ha−1 in 2020, respectively. The apparent soil N loss at EONR of the OF, TF, and MF were 97.1–100.5, 78.5–79.3, and 50.5–68.1 kg ha−1, respectively. These results support MF as a one-time N application method for delivering high yields and economic benefits, with low N input requirements within film mulching spring maize system on the Loess Plateau.

Comparative Analysis of Leaf Vegetable Productivity, Quality, and Profitability among Different Cultivation Modes: A Case Study

In recent years, vegetable production has been in the transitional stage from traditional cultivation mode to modern cultivation mode. Therefore, evaluating the actual productivity and economic benefits of different cultivation modes is instructive for leafy vegetable production. This research chose a vegetable production company (Shanghai, China) as a demonstration case to cultivate various leaf vegetables under different cultivation modes (hydroponic, substrate, and soil cultivation). By investigating the yield and quality of vegetables, as well as all production costs and selling prices, we drive a comparative evaluation of comprehensive features and economic benefits of different cultivation modes. The results showed that leafy vegetables cultivated by hydroponic mode gain the highest fresh weight at the early growth stage, but the greatest unit yield (0.98~1.21 kg·m−2) emerged under the soil cultivation mode. Vegetables grown under substrate mode had the best comprehensive quality with high soluble solids content and low nitrate content. The unit costs of the soilless cultivation modes (8.26~10.3 CNY·m−2) were 3–4-fold higher than that of soil cultivation, mainly due to the high fixed costs and input costs, especially for substrate mode. According to actual prices, the soil cultivation mode had the highest economic benefits as a whole (4.83~8.83 CNY·m−2), and only hydroponic cabbage which had comparable yield gained considerable benefits (8.94 CNY·m−2). Quality-based pricing scheme can make substrate mode achieve profitability. The pricing scheme that guarantees a 40% revenue is within acceptable limits for consumers. Based on this actual production case, it can be concluded that a low unit yield of hydroponic mode and a high unit cost of substrate mode are the predominant factors affecting their profitability and economic viability.

Numerical Simulation Analysis and Research of Large Scale Garden Construction Waste Mounding Hill Landscaping

Along with the rapid development of international metropolis, China's urbanization is developing faster and faster. In the process of China's urbanization development, mountain mounding with construction waste is one of the most direct, effective and economical means to deal with construction waste, not only that, but also, one of the important methods for ecological restoration project of landscape gardening, this method has several advantages such as green construction, green low carbon, energy saving and carbon reduction, etc. It also improves the utilization rate of resources, has high economic and environmental benefits, and also has high High research value and social significance.Since there are differences in the mechanical properties of the original soil and the mounded hill materials in the process of construction waste mounding, as well as, differences in the soil quality in different regions, it is necessary to study the stability of the hill. In this paper, the following research results are obtained through actual case studies of typical landscape projects: first, geomechanical tests are conducted on the raw soil and construction waste mound hill materials to obtain the particle size ratios, maximum dry density and optimum moisture content, and compression modulus of specific mixes, and the triaxial shear test proves that each stress-strain curve basically conforms to the Duncan-Zhang hyperbolic relationship assumption before the peak occurs.Finally, numerical simulations were carried out for different working conditions in combination with the three-dimensional calculation model, and the calculation and analysis of the Bishop consolidation theory were used to obtain the settlement displacement, horizontal displacement development and pore pressure dissipation process of the calculation model. The landslide stability of the slope is calculated and the minimum safety coefficient under normal conditions and the minimum safety coefficient under seismic conditions are both calculated by Swedish method and Bishop method respectively, both of which meet the requirements and determine the technical feasibility and reasonableness of the scheme. In the conclusion part of this paper, the problems and handling measures in the construction process are summarized to provide valuable experience for similar projects.

Synthesis of X@DRHC (X=Co, Ni, Mn) catalyst from comprehensive utilization of waste rice husk and spent lithium-ion batteries for efficient peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation

Highly efficient resource recycling and comprehensive utilization play a crucial role in achieving the goal of reducing resource wasting, environmental protection, and achieving goal of sustainable development. In this work, the two kinds waste resources of agricultural rice husk and metal ions (Co, Ni, and Mn) from spent lithium-ion batteries have been skillfully utilized to synthesize novel Fenton-like catalysts. Desiliconized rice husk carbon (DRHC) with rich pore structure and large specific surface area from rice husk has been prepared and used as scalable carrier, and dandelion-like nanoparticles cluster could be grown in situ on the surface of the carrier by using metal ions contained waste water. The designed catalysts (X@DRHC) as well as their preparation process were characterized in detail by SEM, TEM, BET, XRD and XPS, respectively. Meanwhile, their catalytic abilities were also studied by activating potassium peroxomonosulfate (PMS) to remove methylene blue (MB). The results indicate X@DRHC displays excellent degradation efficiency on MB with wide pH range and stable reusability, which is suitable for the degradation of various dyes. This work has realized the recycling and high-value utilization of waste resources from biomass and spent lithium-ion batteries, which not only creates an efficient way to dispose waste resources, but also shows high economic benefits in large-scale water treatment.

Selection of suitable reference genes for qPCR normalization in different developmental stages of Oenanthe javanica.

Gene expression analysis is widely used to unravel molecular regulatory mechanisms and identify key genes in plants. Appropriate reference gene is an important prerequisite to ensure the accuracy and reliability of qPCR analysis results. Water dropwort is a plant of the Oenanthe genus in the Apiaceae family, which has high economic benefits. However, the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms in the growth and development of water dropwort have not been fully understood and the appropriate reference genes in different developmental stages of water dropwort not yet reported. In this study, 10 candidate reference genes (ACTIN, PP2A, SAND, EF-1α, GAPDH, UBQ, MIP, TBP, RPS-18, eIF-4α) were identified and cloned from Oenanthe javanica. The qPCR primers of candidate reference genes were designed and verified. Four statistical algorithms, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper and RefFinder were used to evaluate the expression stability of 10 candidate reference genes in different developmental stages of water dropwort. The results showed that TBP and UBQ were the most stable genes in different developmental stages of water dropwort, while GAPDH was the most unstable gene. The normalization of EXP1 genes at different developmental stages further confirmed the reliability of internal reference genes. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for selecting appropriate internal reference genes in different developmental stages of water dropwort. This study also provides technical support and reliable basis for the expression analysis of key genes in different developmental stages of water dropwort.

ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE AND BENEFITS OF EVENT MARKETING

In today's environment, where consumers have a wide range of information available to them, it is important for companies to use more effective and flexible approaches to the market. Modern information technology helps the marketer to be closer to the buyer than in the past and to understand the customer's needs and desires well. In addition, marketers need to have a good understanding of the capabilities and benefits of different marketing communication tools and media channels. In today's competitive environment, it is becoming increasingly important for companies to use incentives that are better suited to today's targeted strategies. Effective marketing communications play an important role in a company's success in the marketplace. It is important in creating an impression of the company and its brands. Events help companies to achieve this goal. The purpose of this paper is to summarise and present the main benefits that companies can achieve through the intelligent use of events. Events are used by many companies to impress other people. And companies can gain their favour by making a great impression on the public. Thus, event marketing influences consumer attitudes towards different brands, consumer behaviour and stimulates purchases. An important question is when and how special events will be implemented. Their proper planning, organisation and execution will bring the company high recognition and economic benefits. Methodology. Secondary data was used in the course of writing this article. Modern scientific works of scientists and researchers were studied, and information was searched for using Internet sources. The paper examines modern forms of event marketing, individual approaches to work in this area and aspects of its development. Research results. Based on various reliable sources of information, a clear picture of the current situation in Georgia in this area was created. It has been found that companies do not use measures with the frequency that would bring them high results. They use only certain approaches. The paper examines the conceptual aspects of event marketing, analyses the definitions and opinions of various scientists and specialists in this area. Practical implications. The article discusses the risks and problems associated with the implementation of events, and presents a number of conclusions and recommendations to improve the efficiency of the use of events.

Water management, planting slope indicators, and economic benefit analysis for Panax notoginseng production decision under shaded and rain-shelter cultivation: A three-year sloping fields experiment

Panax notoginseng cultivation planting conditions are harsh and require high soil moisture and slope of cultivated land, plus it takes 3–7 years from planting to harvesting. At present, the continuous crop barrier of Panax notoginseng has not been solved, which makes the arable land suitable for planting significantly reduced. And yet, there is almost no report on the impact of coupling water and slope on the growth of Panax notoginseng. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effects of different irrigation levels and slopes on soil water content (SWC) in the root zone, soil nutrient content, root characteristics, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), partial fertilizer productivity (PFP) and economic benefits of Panax notoginseng. During 2018–2020, a field experiment was conducted in the Panax notoginseng growing seasons with three irrigation levels (I1: 70–75% θFC, I2: 75–80% θFC, I3: 80–85% θFC) and three slopes (S1: 2.43°, S2: 6.38°, S3: 16.38°). The results evidenced that soil water and nutrient content increased with increasing irrigation and decreased with increasing slope. The yield of Panax notoginseng, root morphological characteristics, WUE, PFP, and economic benefits showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of irrigation amount and slope, which increased with the increase of planting years. These parameters reached their maximum at the irrigation I2 (75–80% θFC) and slope S2 (6.38°) treatments. Thus, based on the results of this study, medium irrigation I2 (75–80% θFC) and slope S2 (6.38°) should be considered as the best slope and water management strategy to obtain both high Panax notoginseng yield and economic benefits. Through establishing a multi-objective optimization model with binary quadratic regression analysis. It was indicated that Panax notoginseng yield, WUE, PFP, and economic benefits simultaneously reached ≥ 98% of their maximum values when irrigation interval was 152–193 mm and slope interval was 5.4–9°. In summary, the results obtained in this study have important practical significance for the water management of Panax notoginseng cultivation in slope farmland in Yunnan Province, China.

Utilizing a settling pond-based constructed wetland for the treatment of shrimp aquaculture wastewater – From laboratory to field scale: A case study in Ben Tre Province, Vietnam

The shrimp aquaculture industry, while bringing high economic benefits, simultaneously presents many environmental challenges for many countries, including Vietnam. Our survey results regarding shrimp farming management in 30 representative rural households within Ben Tre province have revealed that 96.7% of wastewater does not meet the allowable standards. Although approximately 76.66% of which is crudely treated by settling ponds, the percentage of substandard wastewater is reduced only to 70%. Unfortunately, >93% of the wastewater is discharged directly into the environment. Faced with that situation, a proposed wastewater treatment option suitable for the rural areas is to utilize settling ponds and indigenous reeds (P.australis and P.vallatoria) to build constructed wetlands (CW). A lab-scale CW was designed to mimic a settling pond on the surveyed farm, which was scaled down to a ratio of 1:500, aiming to validate the efficacy of the CW approach. Accordingly, the P.vallatoria-planted CW with a density of 25 roots/m2 effectively treats the wastewater to meet the permissible standard within 4 weeks. The removal efficiencies of organics, nutrients, heavy metals, and total coliform could reach up to 80, 85, 91, and 41%, respectively. Upon transitioning to the field scale, these efficiencies increased up to 13.09, 18.79, 29.47, and 5%, respectively. More importantly, the treatment time could be shortened to 3 and 2 weeks, respectively, when the wastewater is diluted 1.5 and 3 times, thereby serving as a foundation to upgrade the current farming model from intensive to super-intensive.

CFHTF2 Is Needed for Vegetative Growth, Conidial Morphogenesis and the Osmotic Stress Response in the Tea Plant Anthracnose (Colletotrichum fructicola).

Tea is an important cash crop worldwide, and its nutritional value has led to its high economic benefits. Tea anthracnose is a common disease of tea plants that seriously affects food safety and yield and has a far-reaching impact on the sustainable development of the tea industry. In this study, phenotypic analysis and pathogenicity analysis were performed on knockout and complement strains of HTF2-the transcriptional regulator of tea anthracnose homeobox-and the pathogenic mechanism of these strains was explored via RNA-seq. The MoHox1 gene sequence of the rice blast fungus was indexed, and the anthracnose genome was searched for CfHTF2. Evolutionary analysis recently reported the affinity of HTF2 for C. fructicola and C. higginsianum. The loss of CfHTF2 slowed the vegetative growth and spore-producing capacity of C. fructicola and weakened its resistance and pathogenesis to adverse conditions. The transcriptome sequencing of wild-type N425 and CfHTF2 deletion mutants was performed, and a total of 3144 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, 1594 of which were upregulated and 1550 of which were downregulated. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses of DEGs mainly focused on signaling pathways such as the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In conclusion, this study lays a foundation for further study of the pathogenic mechanism of tea anthracnose and provides a molecular basis for the analysis of the pathogenic molecular mechanism of CfHTF2.