High Dropout Rates Research Articles

Investigation of the Problems of Vocational Education in China

With the rapid development of China's industrialised society, the state has actively carried out vocational education-related courses and policies, however, there are still serious problems to overcome. This study focuses on analyzing and reflecting on the dilemmas and challenges of vocational development in China, such as the lack of teachers and the high dropout rate in today's vocational education by presenting appropriate views and conducting research. The paper suggests that the low quality of teachers is due to the public's elitist ideology, where good teachers prefer to go to formal schools or private institutions to gain higher social status and salary. The high dropout rate is because more Chinese students choose vocational schools. After all, they do not get into high school and the curriculum is unsatisfactory. In addition, Sweden and Finland, as leading countries in vocational education, were used as a control study, China can learn from the appropriate policies to improve the current dilemma of vocational education in China. However, due to differences in national systems and policies, China still needs to consider its situation while adopting the recommendations.

Legal Perspectives on the Rehabilitation of Sex Offenders: Efficacy, Ethical Considerations, and the Pursuit of Recidivism Reduction

This dissertation critically examines the efficacy of group-based therapeutic interventions for sex offenders within correctional facilities, aiming to enhance rehabilitation and reduce recidivism. Despite contemporary treatment paradigms demonstrating some effectiveness, as indicated by lower recidivism rates among treated offenders, the success of these programs is not uniform, prompting a need for reevaluation. Treatment challenges include infrastructural limitations, the need for individualized approaches due to offenders' diverse psychosocial profiles, and the complexity of achieving group cohesion. Furthermore, high dropout rates and short assessment periods undermine the establishment of evidence-based practices. The dissertation advocates for a stratified approach to therapy, recognizing individual psychological profiles and tailoring treatment accordingly. It calls for advancements in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) methodologies within Sex Offender Treatment Programs (SOTPs), considering ethical dimensions of interventions such as chemical castration, and employing Multisystemic Therapy (MST) with biometric monitoring to better assess and manage recidivism risks. This synthesis of academic literature and analysis of programmatic limitations highlights the necessity of refining sex offender rehabilitation to ensure public safety effectively.

CLINICAL TRIAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN INTERVERTEBRAL DISC REGENERATION: INSIGHTS FROM PUBLICATION STATUS AND FUNDING SOURCES

Low back pain (LBP) is the main cause of disability worldwide and is primarily triggered by intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Although several treatment options exist, no therapeutic tool has demonstrated to halt the progressive course of IDD. Therefore, several clinical trials are being conducted to investigate different strategies to regenerate the intervertebral disc, with numerous studies not reaching completion nor being published. The aim of this study was to analyze the publication status of clinical trials on novel regenerative treatments for IDD by funding source and identify critical obstacles preventing their conclusion.Prospective clinical trials investigating regenerative treatments for IDD and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov were included. Primary outcomes were publication status and investigational treatment funding. Fisher's exact test was utilized to test the association for categorical variables between groups.25 clinical trials were identified. Among these, only 6 (24%) have been published. The most common source of funding was university (52%), followed by industry (36%) and private companies (12%). Investigational treatments included autologous (56%) or allogeneic (12%) products alone or in combination with a carrier or delivery system (32%). The latter were more likely utilized in industry or privately funded studies (Fig. 1, p=0.0112). No significant difference was found in terms of funding regarding the publication status of included trials (Table 1, p=0.9104).Most clinical trials investigating regenerative approaches for the treatment of IDD were never completed nor published. This is likely due to multiple factors, including difficult enrollment, high dropout rate, and publication bias3. More accurate design and technical support from stakeholders and clinical research organization (CROs) may likely increase the quality of future clinical trials in the field.For any figures or tables, please contact the authors directly.

EXPANSÃO E MERCANTILIZAÇÃO DOS CURSOS DE PEDAGOGIA: DEFORMAÇÃO EM LARGA ESCALA DE FUTUROS PEDAGOGOS

ABSTRACT: This paper brings the analysis of characteristics of the expansion of Pedagogy courses in Brazil, especially in the last decade, based on data from the Higher Education Census and the National Student Performance Exam (known by the acronym ENADE, in Portuguese), from the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (INEP), updated until 2021. The process of expansion of the Pedagogy course follows two trends: at a macro level, there is the process of growth in private Higher Education, especially concentrated in a few financialized groups; at the micro level, there is a set of legal inductions for teacher education to take place at a higher level and the consolidation of the Pedagogy course as a privileged place for teacher education for Early Childhood Education and early grades of Elementary School as opposed to other courses like the course of Normal Colleges (Teacher training colleges which prepare teachers for Elementary School). The results presented by this work point to what was here called “large-scale deformation”, considering the increasing concentration of enrollments in private universities focused almost exclusively on teaching (with little articulation with research and extension), in distance learning courses, with high dropout rates and low scores in ENADE compared to federal and state public institutions.

The status of immunization program and challenges in Ethiopia: A mixed method study.

Immunization helps reduce morbidity and mortality attributable to severe vaccine-preventable childhood illnesses. However, vaccination coverage and the quality of immunization data remain challenging in Ethiopia. This has led to poor planning, suboptimal vaccination coverage, and the resurgence of vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks in under-immunized pocket areas. The problem is further compounded by the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic and the disruption of the health information system due to recurrent conflict. This study assessed the current status of the immunization service and its challenges in Ethiopia. A mixed-methods study was conducted in three regions of Ethiopia from 21 to 31 May, 2023. A survey of administrative reports was done in a total of 69 health facilities in 14 woredas (districts). Nine KIIs were conducted at a district level among immunization coordinators selected from three regions to explore the challenges of the immunization program. Linear regression and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data. Thematic analysis was applied to analyze the qualitative data. The findings from the qualitative data were triangulated to supplement the quantitative results. Two-thirds (66.4%) of the children were fully vaccinated, having received all vaccines, including the first dose of the MCV1, by 12 months of age, as reported through administrative reports collected from health facility records. Catchment area population size and region were significantly associated with the number of fully immunized children (p < 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). The vaccination dropout rates of the first to third dose of pentavalent vaccine and the first dose of pentavalent vaccine to the first dose of MCV1 were 8.6% and 7.4%, respectively. A considerable proportion of health facilities lack accurate data to calculate vaccination coverage, while most of them lack accurate data for dropout rates. Longer waiting time, interruptions in vaccine supply or shortage, inaccessibility of health facilities, internal conflict and displacement, power interruption and refrigerator breakdown, poor counseling practice, and caretakers' lack of awareness, fear of side effects, and forgetfulness were the reasons for the dropout rate and low coverage. The result also showed that internal conflict and displacement have significantly affected immunization coverage, with the worst effects seen on the most marginalized populations. The study revealed low vaccination coverage, a high dropout rate, and poor quality of immunization data. Access and vaccination coverage among marginalized community groups (e.g., orphans and street children) were also low. Hence, interventions to address organizational, behavioral, technical, and contextual (conflict and the resulting internal displacement) bottlenecks affecting the immunization program should be addressed.

A study on the factors influencing users’ willingness to continue using online learning platforms

The rapid development of information technology and various information terminals has contributed to the advancement of online learning platforms, and the "Internet + education" has greatly contributed to the development of online learning platforms, which have become a new way for people to receive education. However, many online learning platforms also suffer from low user satisfaction, high dropout rates and low willingness to continue using them. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of both the platform and user perceptions to explore the factors that influence users’ willingness to use. This paper uses a combination of exploratory and validation analyses to verify the factors influencing users’ intention to continue using online learning platforms, construct an Interpretative Structural Model, further analyze the mechanism of the influencing factors and clarify the relationship between them, which is of great significance for improving the service experience of users’ online learning platforms and promoting the sustainable development of online learning platforms.

Navigating online learning challenges and opportunities: Insights from small group of lecturers during pandemic

The implementation of e-learning platforms in higher education offers opportunities to enhance education quality and increase access to flexible learning. However, challenges arise, including limited guidance for students, high dropout rates, and obstacles faced by instructors. This qualitative case study explores the challenges and opportunities of online learning from instructors' perspectives. Data was collected through a survey administered to 23 instructors, and thematic analysis was conducted to identify the themes of challenges and opportunities. Findings reveal challenges in interaction, practical session delivery, monitoring, assessment, and identity verification. Institutional support challenges include insufficient training and socialization. Individual Challenges encompass digital skills, health concerns, and fatigue. Technological challenges involve availability, integration, capacity, and network-related issues. Despite these challenges, online learning provides opportunities for time effectiveness, flexibility, personal development, innovative teaching methods, and collaboration with external experts.

Digital mental health interventions for treating mental disorders in young people based in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review of the literature.

Young people (YP) (between 10 and 24years) are disproportionally vulnerable to developing and being affected by mental health conditions due to physical, social and emotional risk factors. YP in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) have poorer access to, and quality of, mental health services compared to those in high-income countries. Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) have been proposed as tools to address this burden of disease and reduce the global treatment gap in youth mental health outcomes. This study aimed to examine the evidence for DMHIs for treating mental disorders in YP based in LMICs. To do this, the author searched academic databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase and Web of Science) for primary studies on DMHIs targeting YP in LMICs. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria were followed. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme) framework. A narrative synthesis methodology was used to summarise and explain the findings. The authors identified 287 studies of which 7 were eligible in the final review. The authors found evidence of the effectiveness of multiple forms of DMHI (especially internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy) on anxiety and depression outcomes. Studies reported a lack of long-term benefits of treatment, high dropout rates, and did not include key geographical settings or data on cost-effectiveness. No studies were judged to be of high quality. This review highlights the available evidence showing that DMHIs can improve mental health outcomes for YP in LMICs, but due to the limited number of studies and lack of high-quality data, increased adoption and scaling up of digital interventions require more rigorous studies showing clinical effectiveness and ability to provide return on investment.

Enrollment and associated factors of the national health insurance program of Nepal: Further analysis of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022.

The focus of this study was on the current enrollment status of the government-funded health insurance (HI) program in Nepal, which is necessary to achieve universal health coverage by 2030. Despite the government's commitment, the program faces challenges of low enrollment and high dropout rates, hindering progress towards this goal. With a purpose to find out the associated factors for enrollment in HI, the cross-sectional study employs secondary data obtained from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022. A multi-stage sampling method yielded a representative sample of 14,280 households, and an interview was conducted with 14,845 females and 4,913 males aged 15-49. A weighted sample was employed and subsequently analyzed through the use of R. The analysis reveals a concerningly low enrollment rate, with only 10% of the surveyed population possessing government HI. Furthermore, significant geographical disparities were found to exist-Koshi Province had the highest coverage (21.8% men and 20.4% women), while Madhesh Province lagging far behind (3.1% men and 2.7% women). Additionally, the enrollment rates correlated positively with urban residence, higher socioeconomic statuses, and employment, with no subgroup surpassing 30% coverage, though. The study demonstrates a positive association between HI and healthcare utilization, with insured individuals exhibiting a higher likelihood of visiting health facilities and reporting fewer access-related issues. Respondents with higher levels of education and greater wealth were significantly more likely to enroll in HI than those with basic education and middle-level wealth, respectively. This pattern holds consistently for both males and females. These findings suggest that the program, aiming for 60% coverage by 2023/24, is currently off-track. Policymakers should interpret these data as a call for action, prompting the development and implementation of the targeted interventions to address enrollment disparities across Nepal. By focusing on the low-coverage areas and the vulnerable populations, the program can be strengthened and contribute meaningfully to achieving universal health coverage by 2030.

Effect of a nurse-led integrated care intervention on quality of life and rehospitalisation in patients with severe exacerbation of COPD-a pilot study.

To explore the feasibility and effect of a nurse-led integrated care intervention on health-related quality of life (QoL) and unplanned 90-day rehospitalisation in patients hospitalised due to acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD). A monocentric non-randomized parallel cluster design was applied. The primary endpoint was the difference between Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) Mastery Scores at hospital discharge and 13weeks post-discharge. Secondary endpoints were differences between other CRQ scores, numbers of rehospitalisations and self-reported exacerbations. The study would end either 13weeks after the full sample size was achieved or when study time ran out. The study was terminated before reaching the targeted sample size. Of 174 invitees, 69 (39.7%, 30 control, 39 intervention) consented to participate. Of those, 47 completed the study, 45 of whom had complete data sets for the primary endpoint. No differences in QoL scores, unplanned COPD-related rehospitalisations or unplanned all-cause rehospitalisations were detected. The mean number of self-reported moderate exacerbations was higher in the intervention group (p = 0.006). The pilot study had slow recruitment, high drop-out rates, and no significant effect on 3-month outcomes. Further research should focus on enhancing the current understanding of how to motivate and recruit patients in this setting. NCT04011332.

Recognizing and Treating Major Depression in Fibromyalgia: A Narrative Primer for the Non-Psychiatrist.

Fibromyalgia (FM) affects 2% to 8% of the general population. FM patients often experience self-stigma and feel rejected by healthcare providers and families, resulting in isolation and distressing symptoms of pain, fatigue, and poor cognitive functioning, increasing the risk of depressive symptoms. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is the most common comorbidity in FM patients (Any depression: 43%; MDD: 32%). Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a common genetic risk loci for major depression and fibromyalgia. Given that even minor symptoms of depression worsen the outcomes of FM patients, clinicians are challenged to identify and manage depression in these patients. However, due to overlapping symptoms, limited screening, and contamination bias, MDD often goes undiagnosed and presents a critical challenge. Unrecognized and untreated MDD in FM patients can exacerbate fatigue, sleep disturbances, and pain, reduce physical functioning, and increase the risk of developing comorbid conditions, such as substance abuse and cardiovascular disease. These comorbidities are associated with a lower treatment response rate, a higher dropout rate, and a greater risk of relapse. Clinicians may effectively identify and treat MDD in FM patients with appropriate pharmacologic agents combined with aerobic exercise and cognitive-behavioral therapies for core FM symptoms, thus significantly reducing symptom severity for both MDD and FM. Such a comprehensive approach will result in a much-improved quality of life. MedLine content was searched via PubMed to identify eligible articles between 1995 and 2023 using search terms fibromyalgia, major depressive disorder, and treatment of depression in fibromyalgia, and the most current information is presented. In this primer for clinicians caring for FM patients, we describe clinically relevant pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic management approaches for treating MDD in FM patients.

Analyzing emotions in online classes: Unveiling insights through topic modeling, statistical analysis, and random walk techniques

High dropout rates globally perpetuate educational disparities with various underlying causes. Despite numerous strategies to address this issue, more attention should be given to understanding and addressing student emotions during classes. This lack of focus adversely affects learner engagement and retention rates. While previous studies on online learning have primarily emphasized the effectiveness of technology, infrastructure, cognition, motivation, and economic benefits, there is still a gap in understanding the emotional aspects of distance learning. First, this study addresses this gap by employing thematic modeling and utilizing non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) for emotion recognition through students’ deep learning techniques and facial emotion recognition (FER). Second, statistical analysis of these findings further augments the depth of the study. Finally, the research proposes a mathematical model based on the random walk of emotional state transitions. The findings of this study underscore the importance of considering emotions in distance learning environments and their significant impact on student’s academic performance and satisfaction. By acknowledging and addressing these emotional factors, educators can enhance learner engagement, promote positive emotions, mitigate negative emotions during online learning, and ultimately improve the effectiveness of online courses.

ARE THE REASONS FOR STUDENT DROPOUT RATE AT COMMUNITY EDUCATION AND TRAINING COLLEGE JUSTIFIABLE?

Community Education and Training Colleges are established to develop and improve skills in South Africa, especially those skills that are not taught in Institutions of Higher Learning such as Universities. However, these Colleges as a relatively new sector are faced with a number of challenges ranging from infrastructure to high drop-out rates. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish whether there was any significant relationship between factors influencing students to quit this sector and drop-out rate in Community Colleges. A quantitative method was used wherein a questionnaire was administered to the students to conduct the study. A sample of (n=66) was drawn from the population (N=200) students. Eighty percent of the questionnaires were returned, representing fifty-three (53) students. There were three hypotheses of the study; (Ho1): there is no significant relationship between lack of student support services and drop-out rate; (Ho2): there is no significant relationship between less teaching and learning hours and drop-out rate and (Ho3): there is no significant relationship between learning and teaching support material and drop-out rate. The study produced the following results (r=.24, n=53, p-value-.00); (r=.25, n=53, pvalue=.00); (r=.23, n=53, p=.00), respectively. The results indicated a statistically significant relationship between independent variables (lack of student support services, less teaching and learning hours, learning, and teaching support material) and a dependent variable (drop-out rate).

PERMANÊNCIA DISCENTE EM CURSOS DE PEDAGOGIA A DISTÂNCIA: UM ESTUDO A PARTIR DA UNIVERSIDADE ABERTA DO BRASIL

ABSTRACT: Distance Education (DE) is growing rapidly in Brazil and nowadays it comprises more than a third of all enrollments in undergraduate programs (BRASIL, 2022a). However, the high dropout rates put pressure on Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to define strategies to promote the permanence of their students until graduation. In this sense, this research was structured from the need to look at the institutions and to evaluate the way they are committed to the permanence of the students in distance learning. This research aims to identify and analyze how the HEIs affiliated with the Open University of Brazil (UAB) promote the permanence of students in the Pedagogy (teacher training) distance learning programs. For this purpose, eight semi-structured interviews were conducted with coordinators of six different HEIs, and institutional documents were analyzed. Both the understanding of the managers’ statements and the analysis of the documents emphasized that the institutions have different levels of commitment to the consolidation of distance education, which reflects directly on their performance to mitigate the dropout of students. Based on the identification of weaknesses of the programs, as well as on the good practices referred to in the literature, guidelines were presented that aim to promote the permanence of students in the contexts investigated.

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Follow-Up of Giant-Cell Arteritis: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Giant-cell arteritis (GCA) is the most common type of vasculitis in the elderly and is associated with high risks of visual loss and recurrence. Owing to its rarity in Asian populations, the current clinical interventions for these patients are not well known. Here we aimed to characterize the current management status of patients with GCA using Korean multicenter data. This retrospective study analyzed medical records of patients with GCA at six Korean university hospitals from February 2009 to November 2022. GCA had originally been diagnosed based on the 1990 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, and cases were selected for inclusion in this study based on the 2022 ACR/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology criteria. We evaluated treatments, follow-up periods, and outcomes (relapse, remission, and adverse drug reactions) in patients with GCA with or without arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AAION). This study analyzed 18 patients with a median age of 75.5 years that included 12 females (66.7%). Seven patients (38.8%) had AAION. All patients initially received prednisolone treatment, while four (22.2%) underwent adjuvant treatment with methotrexate and azathioprine during prednisolone tapering. During the median follow-up of 3.5 months (interquartile range: 2.0-23.2 months), 4 patients (22.2%) had prednisolone-related adverse reactions, 2 (11.1%) relapsed, and 13 (72.3%) dropped out. Nine patients (50.0%) experienced remission, with this being sustained in four (36.4%). This study observed high dropout rates and short follow-ups. Adverse effects of prednisolone were common, and relapses occurred in approximately one-tenth of Korean patients with GCA. Thus, optimizing GCA treatment necessitates regular monitoring and long-term follow-up.

Predicting college retention rates from Google Street View images of campuses

Every year, around 40% of undergraduate students in the United States discontinue their studies, resulting in a loss of valuable education for students and a loss of money for colleges. Even so, colleges across the nation struggle to discover the underlying causes of these high dropout rates. In this paper, the authors discuss the use of machine learning to find correlations between the built environment factors and the retention rates of colleges. They hypothesized that one way for colleges to improve their retention rates could be to improve the physical characteristics of their campus to be more pleasing. The authors used image classification techniques to look at images of colleges and correlate certain features like colors, cars, and people to higher or lower retention rates. With three possible options of high, medium, and low retention rates, the probability that their models reached the right conclusion if they simply chose randomly was 33%. After finding that this 33%, or 0.33 mark, always fell outside of the 99% confidence intervals built around their models’ accuracies, the authors concluded that their machine learning techniques can be used to find correlations between certain environmental factors and retention rates.

Penentuan Program Indonesia Pintar (PIP) Pada Siswa Kurang Mampu dengan Metode Preference Selection Index (PSI) Berbasis Web

The Indonesia Smart Program (PIP) is a scholarship assistance provided to individuals with the aim of continuing their education as tuition assistance. This program is the government's idea to reduce the high number of children who drop out of school due to lack of funds. This high dropout rate will also later lead to a high crime rate because children who drop out of school cannot work properly. To determine whether or not students are eligible to receive the Indonesia Pintar Program, a decision support system (SPK) is needed that can provide input for schools to assess properly, which students really deserve the scholarship. By using the Preference Selection Index (PSI) method, it is hoped that this method will be able to select the best alternative from a number of alternatives based on criteria from predetermined aspects. In the Preference Selection Index (PSI) method which is used as a measure of assessment is the value of alternatives, matrix normalization, average performance value, preference variation value, preference value deviation, criteria weight, calculate the final value, and determine the ranking that will determine the optimal alternative, namely students who are entitled to a scholarship. The purpose of this research is to determine which students are eligible and not eligible to receive assistance from the government in the form of PIP. The results of this study are in the form of rankings with the highest value of 0.7686 and ranked first or rank 1 and the lowest value of 0.7091 is ranked 5th.

Exploring the Causes of Child Labour and its adverse Implications on Children's Education

This study looks at the various reasons why child work occurs as well as how it affects kids' schooling. Using a thorough literature analysis, the study explores the cultural, social, andeconomic aspects that contribute to the continued use of child labor across the world. It examines how cultural norms, poverty, and a lack of educational opportunities contribute to the continuation of this phenomena. This study Examined the detrimental effects on kids' education, such as decreased academic achievement, restricted access to educational materials, and higher dropout rates. The study also looks at possible legislative changes and intervention strategies to lessen child labor and protect kids' right to an education. This research is to educate methods for the prevention and elimination of child labor by illuminating the linked challenges and creating an environment that is favorable to children's holistic development.

Factors associated with dropout from outpatient tertiary mental health services

Background and Objective:&#x0D; There is a paucity of mental health hospital-based studies from Pakistan that have observed the contributing factors of dropout. This study aims to understand contributing factors to dropouts from mental health services.&#x0D; Method:&#x0D; This telephonic survey was conducted as a cross-sectional study from dropout outpatients of Karwan-e-Hayat Institute for Mental Health Care, a tertiary mental care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Using a simple questionnaire to assess socio-demographic variables, psychosocial assessment, and patient perspectives on treatment termination. A total of 158 participants out of 200 patients provided insight into their dropout experiences.&#x0D; Result: &#x0D; Results revealed that younger adults, particularly those aged 18-40, demonstrated a greater tendency to discontinue treatment. Level of education was also associated with dropout rates, with uneducated and less educated individuals showing greater tendencies to drop out of treatment than their educated counterparts. Schizophrenia emerged as a leading psychiatric diagnosis associated with high dropout rates. Lack of insight into psychotherapy, patient dissatisfaction, and geographic distance from treatment centers were identified as key contributors to dropout.&#x0D; Conclusion:&#x0D; Factors such as age, educational status, diagnosis, insight into the disease, dissatisfaction with the treatment and distance from the treatment center were related to the dropout rate. Insights gained from this investigation advocate for tailored interventions focusing on education, patient satisfaction, and proximity to treatment facilities.

Prehabilitation of dysphagia in the therapy of head and neck cancer- a systematic review of the literature and evidence evaluation.

Prehabilitation is becoming increasingly important in oncology because of the significant survival benefits that the reduction of malnutrition provide. Specifically, tumor- and therapy-related dysphagia leads to malnutrition in more than half of head and neck tumor patients. Studies describe the positive effects of an early onset of swallow-specific prehabilitation on the protection of the swallowing function. This paper intents to evaluate the existing evidence on the efficacy of preventive forms of swallowing therapy. A systematic literature search was performed in February 2022 in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via PubMed, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for randomized controlled trials investigating preventive swallowing therapy in head and neck tumor patients. This Procedure complies with the PRISMA statement. The RCTs were evaluated by using the PEDro Scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool RoB2. Five randomized-controlled trials with 423 participants were identified. Four Studies showed moderate to high quality in the PEDro analysis, one showed less. The risk of bias was high in all studies because there was no possibility for blinding and there were high dropout rates. Heterogeneity in interventions, measurement instruments, measurement time points, and outcomes limits a general statement about which swallowing exercises are suitable for the prevention of dysphagia in head and neck tumor patients. Evidence is provided for short-term effects (≤24 months) on functional aspects of swallowing and quality of life. Overall, a decreasing adherence over time was observed in the intervention groups. Initial studies describe swallowing-specific prehabilitation programs in head and neck tumor patients as effective, at least in the short term, whereas long-term effects need to be further investigated. At the current time the evidence base for clear recommendations does not appear to be sufficiently high and studies share a high risk of bias. Further well-designed research, especially considering the conditions in the national health care system, is needed. There was no funding and no registration.