High Doses Of Anabolic Steroids Research Articles

The Effect of Abuse of Some Anabolic Steroids on Hormonal and Testicular Function in Male Rats

Anabolic androgenic steroids are complex molecules contain innate male hormone, the prolonged uses of these molecule cause destructive effects on health, thus, the investigation goals of this study to clarify the effect of high doses of anabolic steroids on follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH),), testosterone hormone, prolactin and estrogen hormones levels, sperm parameters (sperm count, motility, abnormality and viability), also to clarify the effect on body ,Epididymis and test weight. This study was carried out by treating rats with a high doses of anabolic steroids (testosterone and nandrolone) hormones. After 35 days of treatment ,the result indicated that ,there was a significant decrease in FSH,LH and testosterone hormones level while prolactin and estrogen will be increased, Although there was a significant decrease in sperm count ,motility and viability while abnormality will be increased ,body and test weight show statistically decrease.

Combined effects of exercise training and high doses of anabolic steroids on cardiac autonomic modulation and ventricular repolarization properties in rats.

Several studies have reported that high doses of synthetic anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) can have serious negative effects on health, including the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined effects of AAS and exercise training on ventricular repolarization and cardiac autonomic modulation in rats. Male Wistar rats were allocated into 4 groups: sedentary rats treated with vehicle, sedentary rats treated with nandrolone decanoate, swimming-trained rats treated with vehicle, and swimming-trained rats treated with nandrolone decanoate. Ventricular repolarization was evaluated by electrocardiographic analysis of QT interval and QT dispersion. Cardiac autonomic modulation was assessed by heart rate variability. Our results show that AAS increased QT interval and QT dispersion in sedentary rats treated with nandrolone decanoate as compared to sedentary rats treated with vehicle, indicating AAS-induced ventricular repolarization abnormalities. When rats treated with nandrolone decanoate were subjected to concomitant exercise training, ventricular repolarization was normalized. On the other hand, AAS-induced reduction in cardiac parasympathetic modulation was not prevented by exercise training. In conclusion, AAS produced cardiac autonomic dysfunction and ventricular repolarization disturbances in rats. Combining an exercise training protocol during the AAS treatment attenuated the ventricular repolarization abnormalities and did not prevent cardiac autonomic dysfunction.

Elevated Interleukin-10 and “Disappearing HDL Syndrome” in Lymphoproliferative Disorders

BACKGROUND: Acquired severe HDL deficiency is relatively uncommon. It may occur with use of high doses of anabolic steroids or in severe liver diseases, which can lead to low LCAT activity and decreased apoA-I production. “Disappearing HDL Syndrome”*, a term first used by Goldberg and Mendez, refers to cases of severe HDL deficiency in patients that are not critically ill, sometimes long before the clinical or biochemical features of the underlying primary disease become evident. Disappearing HDL Syndrome can also result from an idiosyncratic reaction to medications, such as peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists. Additionally, autoantibodies against LCAT in non-Hodgkin lymphoma have been described as a possible cause. Low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is a risk factor for coronary artery disease.OBJECTIVE: To determine the cause of low HDL-C in patients with severe acquired HDL deficiency noted as an incidental finding associated with lymphoma and autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS)** as well as following recombinant human IL10 therapy in psoriatric arthritis patients. Investigating mechanisms underlying acquired severe HDL deficiency in non-critically ill patients (“Disappearing HDL Syndrome”) could provide new insights into HDL metabolism and its role in lymphomagenesis.PATIENTS AND RESULTS: Patients with intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL, n=2), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL, n=1), and ALPS-FAS (n=1) presenting with markedly decreased HDL-C, low LDL-C and elevated triglycerides were identified. The abnormal lipoprotein profile returned to normal following therapy in all four cases (Figure). All of them were found to have markedly elevated serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels at presentation that also normalized following therapy. Besides accumulation of abnormal lymphocytes in lymph nodes and spleen, ALPS patients have elevated serum IL-10. In a cohort of ALPS patients with genetic mutations in FAS (n=93), IL-10 showed a strong inverse correlation with HDL-C (R2=0á3720, P<0á0001). A direct causal role for increased serum IL-10 in inducing the observed changes in lipoproteins was established in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of recombinant human IL-10 (rhIL-10) in psoriatic arthritis patients (n=18). Within a week of initiating subcutaneous rhIL-10 injections, HDL-C precipitously decreased to near-undetectable levels. LDL-C also decreased by over 50% (P<0.0001) and triglycerides increased by approximately 2-fold (P<0.005). All values returned to baseline after stopping IL-10 therapy.CONCLUSION: Increased IL-10 causes severe HDL-C deficiency, low LDL-C and elevated triglycerides. IL-10 is thus a potent modulator of lipoprotein levels, a potential new biomarker for B-cell disorders, and a novel cause of Disappearing HDL Syndrome. Elevated IL-10 plays a key role in linking inflammation and lipoprotein metabolism. As evidence for its causality, rhIL-10 treatment in a clinical trial of psoriasitic arthritis patients precipitously lowered HDL-C. Finding elevated IL-10 as a cause of “Disappearing HDL Syndrome” in patients with 3 different types of B-cell disorders suggests that IL-10 and low HDL-C could be useful biomarkers of disease activity in these conditions. Finally, future research focusing on strategies to alter lipoprotein levels by modulating circulating IL-10 levels or its signaling pathways may be useful for developing novel targeted therapies.*Ref: Severe acquired (secondary) high-density lipoprotein deficiency. Goldberg RB, Mendez AJ. J Clin Lipidol. 2007;1:41-56**Ref: Natural history of autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome associated with FAS gene mutations. Price S, Shaw PA, Seitz A et al. Blood. 2014 Mar 27;123(13):1989-99. [Display omitted] DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Esteróides anabolizantes: do atleta ao cardiopata

Athletes frequently use anabolic steroids in order to improve their physical performance. However, their indiscriminate and abusive use by recreational physical activity practitioners has also been growing with the aim of improving their physical appearance. These users are used to high doses of anabolic steroids and this might induce serious deleterious effects, such as cardiovascular damages. Thus, it has been an important public health problem. Therefore, the present review intends to arouse interest among readers and physical education teachers regarding their dangerous effects on the cardiovascular system.

Schwere Cholestase mit Nierenversagen durch Anabolika bei einem Bodybuilder

A 28-year-old body builder was admitted because of jaundice. For 80 days, until 3 weeks before hospitalization, he had been taking moderately high doses of anabolic steroids: metandienone (methandienone), 10-50 mg daily by mouth, and stanozolol, 50 mg intramuscularly every other day. Physical examination was unremarkable except for yellow discoloration of the skin and sclerae. Bilirubin concentration was raised to 4.5 mg/dl, cholestasis enzymes were normal, while transaminase activities were raised. Liver biopsy was compatible with cholestasis induced by anabolic steroids. Although the steroids had been discontinued, the patient's general condition deteriorated over 7 weeks. Serum bilirubin rose up to a maximum of 77.9 mg/dl. In addition renal failure developed with a creatinine concentration of 4.2 mg/dl. The patient's state improved simultaneously with the administration of ursodeoxycholic acid and the biochemical values gradually reached normal levels after several weeks. Anabolic steroids can cause severe cholestasis and acute renal failure. In this case there was a notable temporal coincidence between the administration of ursodeoxycholic acid and the marked clinical improvement.

Modulation of immune responses by anabolic androgenic steroids

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AS) have recently been placed on the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) list of controlled substances, because of the adverse effects seen in athletes taking accelerated dosages in attempts to enhance performance. Reported deleterious effects on abusers include sterility, gynecomastia in males, acne, balding, psychological changes, and increased risks of heart disease and liver neoplasia. Considering the roles of the immune and neuroendocrine systems and their interactions in many of these pathologies, it is important to determine the effects of these derivitized androgens on this connection. Little is known in this respect. We therefore determined the effects of anabolic steroids on certain immune responses and their effects on the extrapituitary production of corticotropin by lymphocytes. We present evidence that (1) both 17-β and 17-α esterified AS, nandrolone decanoate and oxymethenelone, respectively, significantly inhibited production of antibody to sheep red blood cells in a murine abuse model; (2) the control androgens testosterone and dehydroepian-drosterone (DHEA) or sesame seed oil vehicle had no significant effects on antibody production; (3) nandrolone decanoate and oxymethenelone directly induced the production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α from human peripheral blood lymphocytes but had no effect on IL-2 or IL-10 production; (4) control androgens had no direct cytokine inducing effect; (5) nandrolone decanoate significantly inhibited IFN production in human WISH and murine L-929 cells; and (6) nandrolone decanoate significantly inhibited the production of corticotropin in human peripheral blood lymphocytes following vital infection. These data indicate that high doses of anabolic steroids can have significant effects on immune responses and extrapituitary production of corticotropin. Furthermore, the mouse model should provide an effective means by which to study other deleterious effects of anabolic steroid abuse in humans.

Anabolic steroids and semen parameters in bodybuilders

The influence of high-dose anabolic steroid administration on endocrine and semen parameters of 41 bodybuilders (age, 26.7 +/- 0.7 years [mean +/- SEM]; height, 182 +/- 1 cm; weight, 97.5 +/- 2.0 kg) was investigated. History of anabolic steroid administration was recorded retrospectively, and results of semen analysis were compared with data from 41 consecutively recruited normal volunteers not using any steroids or other drugs. Doses of anabolic steroids taken by bodybuilders exceeded those generally applied for clinical purposes by up to 40-fold. Although only 5 of the normal volunteers had sperm counts below the lower normal limit of 20 x 10(6) sperm/mL, 24 of the bodybuilders showed subnormal values. Depending on the duration of anabolic steroid use and the period since last drug intake before the investigation, percentages of motile and normally formed sperm were significantly reduced in bodybuilders compared with normal volunteers. In those bodybuilders who had stopped consumption of anabolic steroids greater than 4 months previously, sperm numbers were in the normal range. Results suggest that even after prolonged use of extremely high doses of anabolic steroids, sperm production may return to normal.

Morphologic and histologic abnormalities in female and male rats treated with anabolic steroids.

A two-part study was performed to determine the effects of high doses of anabolic steroids on weight, appetite, and organ histology. Initially, 30 white Wistar rats, 15 males and 15 females, were treated weekly with either 0.52 cc of physiologic saline or nandrolone decanoate. After 6 weeks, female treated and control rats had comparable weight gains, but male treated rats were significantly lighter than controls. Rats were sacrificed and organs dissected for histologic preparation. Treated male livers had less lipid than control males. The uteri of treated females displayed abnormal vacuolization, stromal edema, and peliosis. In Part II, 12 male rats, 6 treated and 6 control, were given the drug or saline in a manner identical to that in Part I. Treated rats had lower weights from Weeks 1 through 6 and ate less than controls. Upon sacrifice, treated rats' kidneys were heavier, and testes and liver were lighter compared to controls. Roentgenographic studies of tibias from Parts I and II showed no significant differences in tibial length or height of growth plate between treated and control groups. In summary, when anabolic steroid use is studied in the rat model, numerous pathological and anatomical changes occur.

Anabolic steroids and semen parameters in bodybuilders

The influence of high-dose anabolic steroid administration on endocrine and semen parameters of 41 bodybuilders (age, 26.7 +/- 0.7 years [mean +/- SEM]; height, 182 +/- 1 cm; weight, 97.5 +/- 2.0 kg) was investigated. History of anabolic steroid administration was recorded retrospectively, and results of semen analysis were compared with data from 41 consecutively recruited normal volunteers not using any steroids or other drugs. Doses of anabolic steroids taken by bodybuilders exceeded those generally applied for clinical purposes by up to 40-fold. Although only 5 of the normal volunteers had sperm counts below the lower normal limit of 20 x 10(6) sperm/mL, 24 of the bodybuilders showed subnormal values. Depending on the duration of anabolic steroid use and the period since last drug intake before the investigation, percentages of motile and normally formed sperm were significantly reduced in bodybuilders compared with normal volunteers. In those bodybuilders who had stopped consumption of anabolic steroids greater than 4 months previously, sperm numbers were in the normal range. Results suggest that even after prolonged use of extremely high doses of anabolic steroids, sperm production may return to normal.

Response of serum hormones to androgen administration in power athletes

Endocrine effects of self-administration of high doses of anabolic steroids and testosterone were investigated in five power athletes during 26 wk of training, and for the following 12-16 wk after drug withdrawal. After 26 wk of anabolic steroid and testosterone administration, serum testosterone concentrations had increased 2.3-fold. This was associated with increased concentrations of serum estradiol, which rose 7-fold to values (0.48 nmol X 1(-1) typical for females. There was a major decrease in serum FSH and LH concentrations, but they returned to control levels following drug withdrawal. However, serum testosterone concentrations stayed at low levels (9 nmol X 1(-1) ) during this follow-up period, indicating long-lasting impairment of testicular endocrine function. Serum ACTH concentrations were also decreased during steroid administration, possibly due to a corticoid-like effect of some of the anabolic steroids taken in high doses. However, no changes were seen in serum cortisol. The only consistent change in the control group was an increase in serum LH concentrations during the most intensive training, suggesting that a decreasing tendency of serum testosterone was compensated for by augmented LH secretion.