High Dispersion Research Articles

Humin-sulfuric acid as a novel recoverable biocatalyst for pyrrole synthesis in water

Humin-sulfuric acid (Humin-SO3H) as a novel efficient biobased sulfonic acid was easily prepared by adding chlorosulfuric acid (ClSO3H) to Humin and characterized by potentiometric titration and FT-IR spectrum. Humin-SO3H is an eco-friendly, heterogeneous biobased, and efficient catalyst for Paal-Knorr and Clauson-Kaas pyrrole synthesis. The catalyst is easily recovered by simple filtration and has excellent turnover efficiency even after 4 cycles. Besides, due to the clearance of the biocatalyst away from the reaction media, the desired highly pure products can be achieved in high to excellent yields. Due to high water dispersibility, Humin-SO3H can be utilized as a highly efficient green catalyst for pyrrole synthesis.

Engineering ceria oxide with nickel doping and rich oxygen vacancies for enhanced electrocatalytic degradation of aromatic organics

Aromatic dyes are widely applicable in the textile, leather, and ink industries yet receive serious contamination issues to water bodies, soil, and even air. Herein, we develop an efficient electrocatalytic oxidation method for degrading aromatic dyes via developing supportive CeO2-based electrode materials decorating with highly dispersive Ni and rich oxygen vacancies. The decorating Ni species are in situ converted from a composite of CeO2 nanocrystals and formamide-derived polyaminoimidazole (PAI)-coordinated Ni to ensure the high dispersion of Ni species. The decomposition of PAI ligands also helps to create the localized reductive atmosphere for the generation of rich surface oxygen vacancies, which further benefits the enhancement of electronic conductivity and charge transport ability. The effects of Ni doping concentrations, Rhodamine B (RhB, as a simulating aromatic dye) concentrations, pH of RhB solution, types and concentrations of electrolytes, and working current densities on the degradation performance are comprehensively investigated. Electrocatalytic measurements reveal that the CeO2 catalyst with optimal Ni concentration and fine single-crystal sizes of 5.5 ± 0.03 nm (termed as Ni0.025-CeO2-x) exhibits very promising degradation efficiency (96.9 %) and structural durability (repeated use for 5 cycles with limited activity decrease).

The GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Program

We release fully reduced spectra obtained with NIRSpec onboard JWST as part of the GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Program and a follow-up Director’s Discretionary Time program 2756. From these 263 spectra of 245 unique sources, acquired with low (R = 30–300) and high dispersion (R ~ 2700) gratings, we derive redshifts for 200 unique sources in the redshift range ɀ = 0–10. We describe the sample selection and characterize its high completeness as a function of redshift and apparent magnitude. Comparison with independent estimates based on different methods and instruments shows that the redshifts are accurate, with 80% differing less than 0.005. We stack the GLASS-JWST spectra to produce the first high-resolution (R ~ 2700) JWST spectral template extending in the rest frame wavelength from 2000 Å to 20 000 Å. Catalogs, reduced spectra, and template are made publicly available to the community.

Dispersion-free characterization of terahertz slab–waveguide modal confinement based on a metal Bragg grating structure

Photonic waveguide structures that use periodic metal grooves and periodically perforated metal slits (PPMSs) can laterally confine Sommerfeld and Zenneck surface waves of metals with the electric field accumulation among metal interspaces in the terahertz (THz) region, instead of the total internal reflection principle of dielectric slab media. For the efficiency enhancements of THz-wave coupling and slab–waveguide confinement, specific integrators with high refractive indices or specified for input angles of transverse magnetic polarized waves, such as prisms, metal blades, and waveguides, are requested to excite spoof surface plasmons in the THz region. However, the integrator-assembled slab–waveguides encounter challenges of THz pulse-wave communication in compact and low-distortion systems. A resonant waveguide grating structure based on PPMSs is experimentally demonstrated to confine THz lateral waves from the plane-wave radiation in free space. The open frame and periodic metal cavities of PPMSs can work as a slab–waveguide to transmit structural confined waveguide modes with forwarding evanescent waves of Fabry–Pérot resonance. For 0.1–1 THz waves, the short wavelengths that are both less than half the metal slit width and 3.75 times the metal thickness can lead to zero dispersion and the highest confinement factor in a slab–waveguide for PPMS-confined THz waves. This behavior is opposite to the high structural dispersion in confined THz waves of surface plasmonic devices.

Oxidative Desulfurization of Kerosene in Batch Reactor using Magnetite Mesoporous Silica Composite Zeolite Catalyst

The petroleum refining sector has increasingly prioritized the creation of clean fuel as a crucial priority. The objective of this project is to generate environmentally friendly fuel through the use of a straightforward and uncomplicated method. Using a novel synthetic nano-catalyst, batch oxidative desulfurization (ODS) eliminates sulfur compounds in Kerosene. The new Catalyst's silica nano-particle support is initially manufactured utilizing the sol-gel technique. Subsequently, the support is employed to fabricate a synthetic composite nano-catalyst composed of ferric oxide, utilizing the techniques devised for extracting a novel synthetic handcrafted (Fe2O3/composite support) Nano-catalyst. The composite supports used for the robust studies on the desulfurization process contain different levels of HY-zeolite (100 percent Nano silica). These levels include 10% HY-zeolite + 90% Nano silica, 20% HY-zeolite + 80% Nano silica, and 30% HY-zeolite + 70% Nano silica. The supports and manufactured Catalyst underwent characterization tests, including SEM, XRD, XRF, TGA, FTIR, BET, and particle size distribution. The tests showed an ideal distribution of the active metal (Fe), different surface structures, and a high active metal dispersion were achieved. The prominent locations are identified as limited in number, and the catalysts exhibit metal-support solid interaction. The existing Catalyst's performance was evaluated using a batch reactor. The assessment involved testing the Catalyst at different reaction temperatures (303 to 393 K) and batch times (30 to 120 minutes) while varying HY-zeolite quantities in the composite supports.

Calcium-Poison-Resistant Cu/YCeO2-TiO2 Catalyst for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with CO and Naphthalene in the Presence of Oxygen.

The pollution from industrial processes based on biomass combustion is still an ongoing problem. In the present contribution, the selective catalytic reduction of NO with CO and naphthalene is carried out in the presence of 10% oxygen. The accumulation of alkaline and alkaline earth metals during biomass combustion is here simulated by the addition of calcium to a Cu-impregnated YCeO2-TiO2 support. The results show that a high dispersion of copper is obtained, which is resistant to the accumulation of calcium. Full conversion of CO and naphthalene is achieved above 200 °C, whereas NO conversions of 80, 90, and 87% are obtained for the catalysts with Ca loadings of 2.6, 5.2, and 13%, respectively, at 350 °C. It is proposed that the high activity of the catalysts is ascribed to the formation of Cu-Ox-Ce species and that the accumulation of Ca acts as a barrier to avoid copper sintering. It was found that different forms of carbonate and nitrite/nitrate species form during reaction, coexisting as adsorbed species during the SCR reaction. The selectivity to N2 was almost 100% in all cases, due to the small presence of NO2 in the reactor outlet (no N2O was detected in any conditions).

Effective hollow Rh@H-S-1 catalyst for hydroformylation of 1-hexene

A hollow zeolite encapsulated Rh catalyst Rh@H-S-1 with an “eggshell” structure was prepared using the method of organic alkali treatment and recrystallization. Compared with catalysts with directly encapsulated Rh@S-1 and surface impregnated Rh/S-1, this catalyst exhibited both superior activity and a higher TOF value in hydroformylation of 1-hexene due to the high dispersion of Rh and high diffusion. The Rh element did not need to be reduced in the preparation, and it was in situ reduced by the syngas. The content of lower valence Rhδ+ gradually increased with the reaction procedure and played as an active center. The low oxidized state Rh+ or Rhδ+ in the form of Rh(CO)2 are proposed as active sites in hydroformylation, which were generated under the synergistic effect between CO and H2. Importantly, the hollow encapsulated catalyst effectively decreased Rh leaching to 0.1 ppm and showed better stability compared with the impregnated Rh/S-1 catalyst.

Synthesis of Palladium Nanomaterials Using Plant Leaf Extract and their Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities against Organic Dyes

Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to carry out the green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) using the aqueous leaves extract of Eclipta alba. The appearance of a characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 410 nm confirmed the synthesis of Pd NPs. Method: The average particle sizes of 13 nm were observed by using the leaf concentrations of 10 mL with a certain amount of PdCl2 (0.001 M) at 25 ̊ C. The Pd NPs, as synthesized under the optimized conditions (10 mL extract + 60 ̊ C + 0.001 M PdCl2), were spherical in shape, small in size, and uniformly distributed, as depicted by HR-TEM images. Results: FTIR, XRD, DLS, and zeta potential further confirmed the formation of Pd NPs. The Pd NPs synthesized at optimized conditions exhibited strong catalytic activity in dye Eosin yellow, Rose Bengal, Tartrazine, and Ponceau S degradation by discoloration of dyes in 3 hrs. The removal of all dyes by the Pd NPs was optimized by varying specific operating parameters, such as initial dye concentration, solution pH, irradiation time, and temperature. Conclusion: This high activity of Pd NPs may be due to their small size, high dispersion, and surface- capping phytochemicals. result: Bio-fabrication of metallic Pd NPs using different plant extracts compared to other reducing agents is more scalable, rapid, and cost-effective for generating bulk nanoparticles. The phytochemical principles, such as phytoconstituents, reduce the PdCl2 to Pd NPs and are implicated in the capping and stability of the nanoparticles. Hence, the leaves of Eclipta alba have different polyols and are well known. Apart from this, hydroxyl groups in phenolic compounds may participate in the bio-reduction of PdCl2. Such compounds can chelate metal ions to form their quinones form, which is an intermediate palladium complex. Then, stabilization of the intermediate form and reduction of Pd2+ to Pd0 occurred due to free electrons or nascent hydrogen produced during the bio-reduction reaction. Finally, Pd-NPs were prepared due to the collision of neighboring Pd0 atoms. These significant conjugations exist in the keto-enol system within the quinone form of the compound.

Synthesis and consequence of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous Beta zeolite supported NiW catalyst for efficient hydrocracking of 1-methylnaphthalene to BTX

The three-dimensionally ordered macroporous Beta (3DOM-Beta) zeolite was prepared and used as support of NiW sulfide catalyst for hydrocracking. The as-prepared NiW/3DOM-Beta catalyst possessed a high specific surface area and external specific surface area up to 499 m2/g and 241 m2/g, respectively, and a small average layer length (3.62 nm), a high highest average stacking number (4.64) and dispersion (fW=0.24) of metal sulfide phase, which are characteristic of high hydrogenation activity. Its high mesopore volume (0.25 cm3/g) and the highly ordered interconnected macro-meso-microporosity hierarchical structure significantly facilitated diffusive mass transfer. Compared to the NiW sulfide supported on conventional Beta (C-Beta), alkali-treated Beta (A-Beta) and nanosized Beta (Nano-Beta) zeolites, NiW/3DOM-Beta catalyst showed the highest BTX selectivity and yield of 40.7 % and 40.2 % (33.2 % and 32.6 % on NiW/C-Beta, 34.8 % and 33.9 % on NiW/A-Beta, 37.2 % and 36.6 % on NiW/Nano-Beta), and the highest hydrocracking activity (TOF=2.11 × 10-2∙s−1) as well as the smallest coking content (6.7 wt%). This work not only reveals the promotion effects of the ordered mesopore structure of supports on metal dispersion, accessibility of acid sites, diffusion of reactants and products for designing hydrocracking catalyst, but also shows the potential practical application of 3DOM zeolites with interconnected macro-meso-microporosity for the efficient catalytic conversion of macro-hydrocarbons via hydroupgrading.

Exploring the impact of AI-translated hotel reviews: the roles of reviewer nationality, cosmopolitanism, and review dispersion

ABSTRACT This study investigates how AI-translated reviews affect consumer behavior in tourism, emphasizing the roles of national stereotypes, cosmopolitanism, and review dispersion. Utilizing three experiments, it demonstrates that reviewer nationality significantly impacts hotel evaluations and booking intentions, with cosmopolitanism moderating this effect. High review dispersion further amplifies the influence of nationality among less cosmopolitan individuals. The findings highlight the complex interplay of AI translation, cultural biases, and consumer psychology in online hotel bookings, offering insights for managing AI tools and consumer perceptions in the hospitality industry.

Reliability and Validity of the Orthotic Deformation Test

The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of an orthotic deformation test on insole arches and the impact of researcher expertise on the test’s reproducibility. Three researchers with different levels of experience evaluated orthotic deformation by applying a vertical force with their thumb on the dorsal surface of 48 polypropylene orthoses. An electromechanical test machine was used to evaluate the stiffness of the orthoses, and the results were compared with those of the orthotic deformation tests. Fleiss’ kappa and weighted kappa and Mann–Whitney U tests were used to evaluate the interobserver reliability and the validity, respectively. There was no consensus among the three researchers (Kappa = 0.080; p-value = 0.334), although the two researchers with higher levels of experience exhibited moderate consensus (Kappa = 0.52; p-value < 0.001). Orthoses characterised by a positive test suffered from more pronounced deformation when a constant vertical force was applied by the electromechanical test machine (5.62 [4.64–7.38] vs. 4.56 [3.59–5.28] mm; p-value = 0.003). The orthotic deformation test is valid for interpreting the degree of deformation of polypropylene custom orthoses when it is compared with an axial force from a compression-device test. However, considering the high dispersion of the results, it suggests that clinical experience is required to properly interpret the tests.

Surface Charge Regulation of Graphene by Fluorine and Chlorine Co-Doping for Constructing Ultra-Stable and Large Energy Density Micro-Supercapacitors.

Settling the structure stacking of graphene (G) nanosheets to maintain the high dispersity has been an intense issue to facilitate their practical application in the microelectronics-related devices. Herein, the co-doping of the highest electronegative fluorine (F) and large atomic radius chlorine (Cl) into G via a one-step electrochemical exfoliation protocol isengineered to actualize the ultralong cycling stability for flexible micro-supercapacitors (MSCs). Density functional theoretical calculations unveiled that the F into G can form the "ionic" C─F bond to increase the repulsive force between nanosheets, and the introduction of Cl can enlarge the layer spacing of G as well as increase active sites by accumulating the charge on pore defects. The co-doping of F and Cl generates the strong synergy to achieve high reversible capacitance and sturdy structure stability for G. The as-constructed aqueous gel-based MSC exhibited the superb cycling stability for 500,000 cycles with no capacitance loss and structure stacking. Furthermore, the ionic liquid gel-based MSC demonstrated a high energy density of 113.9mWhcm-3 under high voltage of up to 3.5V. The current work enlightens deep insights into the design and scalable preparation of high-performance co-doped G electrode candidate in the field of flexible microelectronics.

Effect of iron oxidation state on the catalytic performance of Fe/C in liquid phase flow hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol

Cis-2-butene-1,4-diol and 1,4-butanediol are crucial precursors in producing bioplastics and biodegradable plastics. Moreover, cis-2-butene-1,4-diol is used in the production of vitamins A and B6, fungicides and insecticides. On an industrial scale, they are produced by hydrogenation of 2-butyne-1,4-diol with Ni Raney as catalyst at > 160 °C and > 15 MPa. Herein, the effect of mesoporous carbon, iron loading (2, 6, 10 and 14 wt%), and metal oxidation state on the activity and selectivity of iron catalysts in the liquid phase continuous flow 2-butyne-1,4-diol hydrogenation at mild conditions (at temperature range 10–65 °C and pressure range 1–20 bar) was performed. Catalytic investigations supported by statistical modeling and physicochemical characterization (TPR, H2-TPD, physisorption, TEM, XPS, and Mössbauer spectroscopy), showed that the activity of the Fe/C can be determined by the presence of functional groups in mesoporous support which are responsible for high metal dispersion and strong metal-support interaction, which boosts the catalytic activity of iron catalysts. Additionally, the formation of metastable iron carbides which are active in hydrogenation cannot be excluded. All of the catalysts showed 100% selectivity toward cis-2-butene-1,4-diol at the lowest temperature. However, the best compromise between selectivity and activity (TOF=336 h−1) was achieved with 2 wt% Fe at 1 bar and 25 °C.

Enhanced nanofluid stability of Zn-doped iron oxide: Applications of ascorbic acid nanofluid in enhanced oil recovery

Ascorbic acid-coated, transition metal-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via coprecipitation. The synthesized Zn-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles have an average diameter of approximately 30 nm. These nanoparticles exhibit ferromagnetic properties at room temperature, with the highest saturation magnetization approaching 40 emu/g and decreasing coercivity. The surface was functionalized with ascorbic acid, which served as a surfactant to ensure high dispersibility and stability of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles in a brine solution containing 30,000 ppm NaCl. Zeta potential and interfacial tension (IFT) measurements were conducted to assess the suspension quality, confirming the effectiveness of the ascorbic acid coating in stabilizing the nanoparticles.

Formulation and analysis of acrylic emulsion coatings with chrome yellow, phthalocyanine blue, and red oxide pigments using high speed disperser and bead mill techniques

A major commercial problem is achieving stable and fine particle pigment dispersion, especially for aqueous pigment dispersions. It is essential to optimize dispersants in order to moisten, disperse, and stabilize pigments throughout the milling process. This study focuses on formulating acrylic emulsion coatings using chrome yellow, phthalocyanine blue, and red oxide pigment concentrates. The formulations were developed using both high-speed dispersers (HSD) and bead mills. A quality evaluation of the products from the two milling techniques was carried out. Formulations made with chrome yellow, phthalocyanine blue, and red oxide pigment concentrates in a water-based, binder-free system using bead mills, Tween-80, SLS, and cocosulphosuccinate surfactants showed narrower particle size distributions and stronger color than those made with HSD. Specifically, formulations prepared with bead mills and the aforementioned surfactants demonstrated superior color strength compared to those prepared with HSD. The color shade of acrylic emulsion coatings formulated with phthalocyanine blue and red oxide pigment concentrates, along with Tween-80 and cocosulphosuccinate surfactants using HSD, matched the standard color shade formulations prepared in bead mills. However, formulations using phthalocyanine blue pigment concentrates with SLS and oleylsulphosuccinate surfactants in HSD did not match the standard color shade prepared in bead mills.

Metal-support interaction in supported Pt single-atom catalyst promotes lattice oxygen activation to achieve complete oxidation of acetone at low concentrations

A precious metal catalyst with loaded Pt single atoms was prepared and used for the complete oxidation of C3H6O. Detailed results show that the T100 of the 1.5Pt SA/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in the oxidation process of acetone is 250 °C, the TOF of Pt is 1.09 × 10−2 s−1, and the catalyst exhibits good stability. Characterization reveals that the high dispersion of Pt single atoms and strong interaction with the carrier improve the redox properties of the catalyst, enhancing the adsorption and dissociation capability of gaseous oxygen. DFT calculations show that after the introduction of Pt, the oxygen vacancy formation energy on the catalyst surface is reduced to 1.2 eV, and PDOS calculations prove that electrons on Pt atoms can be quickly transferred to O atoms, increasing the number of electrons on the σp * bond and promoting the escape of lattice oxygen. In addition, in situ DRIFTS and adsorption experiments indicate that the C3H6O oxidation process follows the Mars-van Krevelen reaction mechanism, and CH2 =C(CH3)=O(ads), O* (O2-), formate, acetate, and carbonate are considered as the main intermediate species and/or transients in the reaction process. Particularly, the activation rate of O2 and the cleavage of the -C-C- bond are the main rate-determining steps in the oxidation of C3H6O. This work will further enhance the study of the oxidation mechanism of oxygenated volatile organic pollutants over loaded noble metal catalysts.

Effect of biochar-based nano‑nickel catalyst on heavy crude oil upgrading and oil shale pyrolysis

This study involved the preparation of a biochar-based nano‑nickel (Ni/C) catalyst, achieving high dispersion of the nano‑nickel catalyst by utilizing waste coffee grounds as a biochar carrier. The Ni/C catalyst demonstrated commendable catalytic performance in heavy crude oil upgrading. Compared with the control group, the viscosity reduction rate of heavy crude oil was increased by 21.53 %, and the contents of heteroatoms, resins and asphaltenes were effectively reduced, while increasing the ratio of C2-C4 and saturated components. Additionally, the catalyst reduced the initial decomposition temperature and the maximum thermal decomposition rate temperature of oil shale by 10 °C and 8 °C, respectively. The results of DFT calculations also indicated that the catalyst effectively improved the pyrolysis activity of kerogen molecules. Noteworthy characteristics of the catalyst include its low cost, simple operation, and high catalytic activity, making it highly promising for broad applications in unconventional petroleum energy exploitation.

Carya Illinoinensis-mediated Green Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles: The Promising Antimicrobial Agent

Background: The synthesis of metal-based nanoparticles through conventional methods involves harsh conditions, high costs, and severe environmental threats. To overcome these issues, researchers are nowadays focusing on eco-friendly and low-cost methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Finally, several plant-mediated synthesis techniques have been developed, which have various advantages, such as low-cost, environmentally friendly, and easy application. The plant extract not only serves as a reducing agent but also plays a role as a stabilizing agent. The plantmediated synthesis provides new opportunities for cost-effective, environmentally-friendly nanoparticle synthesis with high dispersity and stability. Besides, bio-generated nanoparticles derived from plant extract have promising pharmacological applications, making them potential candidates for future medicines. Aims and Objectives: The current study aimed to synthesize zirconium oxide nanoparticles using Carya illinoinensis extract and examine their physicochemical properties. Additionally, the antimicrobial efficacy of these nanoparticles was evaluated against various pathogens, exploring their potential as potent antimicrobial agents. Method: The synthesized nanoparticles were analyzed and characterized by various techniques like UV-Vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The UV-visible peak at 216 nm confirmed the formation of ZrO2 nanoparticles. The SEM images clearly showed that nanoparticles were spherical and relatively dispersed, with few agglomerations. The EDX spectra confirmed the existence of zirconium and oxygen as the basic constituents of the sample. TEM images demonstrated nanoparticles as spherical and uniformly dispersed but agglomerated with increasing precursor concentrations and decreasing nanoparticle dispersion. Fluconazole and gentamicin were used as standards in determining the antibacterial and antifungal activities of nanoparticles. Results: Considering the antifungal activity, a maximum zone of inhibition of 16 μg/ml was demonstrated in the case of 2 mM as compared to 4 mM and 6 mM concentrations. The Carya illinoinensismediated ZrO2 nanoparticles were screened against Gram-positive (S. aureus and P. aeruginosa) and Gram-negative (S. typhi and E. coli) bacterial strains. The fabricated nanoparticles exhibited promising action against all microorganisms. Conclusion: In the current study, zirconium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using Carya illinoinensis leaves extract as a reducing agent. The antifungal and antibacterial potential of the synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated. The green synthesis method used in this study is preferable to the others as it is more affordable, environmentally benign, and widely accessible.

Ellagic acid-enhanced biocompatibility and bioactivity in multilayer core-shell gold nanoparticles for ameliorating myocardial infarction injury

BackgroundMyocardial infarction (MI) is the main contributor to most cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and the available post-treatment clinical therapeutic options are limited. The development of nanoscale drug delivery systems carrying natural small molecules provides biotherapies that could potentially offer new treatments for reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage in MI. Considering the stability and reduced toxicity of gold-phenolic core-shell nanoparticles, this study aims to develop ellagic acid-functionalized gold nanoparticles (EA-AuNPs) to overcome these limitations.ResultsWe have successfully synthesized EA-AuNPs with enhanced biocompatibility and bioactivity. These core-shell gold nanoparticles exhibit excellent ROS-scavenging activity and high dispersion. The results from a label-free imaging method on optically transparent zebrafish larvae models and micro-CT imaging in mice indicated that EA-AuNPs enable a favorable excretion-based metabolism without overburdening other organs. EA-AuNPs were subsequently applied in cellular oxidative stress models and MI mouse models. We found that they effectively inhibit the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and the elevation of cardiac enzyme activities, thereby ameliorating oxidative stress injuries in MI mice. Further investigations of oxylipin profiles indicated that EA-AuNPs might alleviate myocardial injury by inhibiting ROS-induced oxylipin level alterations, restoring the perturbed anti-inflammatory oxylipins.ConclusionsThese findings collectively emphasized the protective role of EA-AuNPs in myocardial injury, which contributes to the development of innovative gold-phenolic nanoparticles and further advances their potential medical applications.Graphical

Clues of the restarting active galactic nucleus activity of Mrk 1498 from GTC/MEGARA integral field spectroscopy data

Some giant radio galaxies selected at X-rays with active galactic nuclei (AGN) show signs of a restarted nuclear activity (old lobes plus a nuclear young radio source probed by giga-hertz peaked spectra). The study of these sources gives us insights into the AGN activity history. More specifically, the kinematics and properties of the outflows can be used as a tool to describe the activity of the source. One object in this peculiar class is Mrk\,1498, a giant low-frequency double radio source that shows extended emission in O\,III . This emission is likely related to the history of the nuclear activity of the galaxy. We investigate whether this bubble-like emission might trace an outflow from either present or past AGN activity. Using a medium-resolution spectroscopy (R\,sim \,10\,000) available with MEGARA/GTC, we derived kinematics and fluxes of the ionised gas from modelling the O\,III and Hbeta features. We identified three kinematic components and mapped their kinematics and flux. All the components show an overall blue to red velocity pattern, with similar peak-to-peak velocities but a different velocity dispersion. At a galactocentric distance of sim \,2.3\,kpc, we found a blob with a velocity up to 100\ and a high velocity dispersion (sim \,170\ that is spatially coincident with the direction of the radio jet. The observed O\,III /Hbeta line ratio indicates possible ionisation from AGN or shocks nearly everywhere. The clumpy structure visibile in HST images at kiloparsec scales show the lowest values of log O\,III /Hbeta ($<$\,1), which is likely not related to the photoionisation by the AGN. Taking optical and radio activity into account, we propose a scenario of two different ionised gas features over the radio AGN lifecycle of Mrk\,1498. The radio emission suggests at least two main radio activity episodes: an old episode at megaparsec scales (formed during a time span of sim \,100\,Myr), and a new episode from the core ($>$\,2000\,yr ago). At optical wavelengths, we observe clumps and a blob that are likely associated with fossil outflow. The latter is likely powered by past episodes of the flickering AGN activity that may have occurred between the two main radio phases.