Higher Disclosure Research Articles

Calculus interdependency, personality contingency, and causal asymmetry: Toward a configurational privacy calculus model of information disclosure

This study proposes a configurational privacy calculus model (CPCM) to understand calculus interdependency, personality contingency, and causal asymmetry in the information disclosure behavior in social networking sites (SNS). The results based on qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) showed that high disclosure can be caused by the configurations with the presence of at least one perceived benefit among the three types of benefits (i.e., self-expression, life documentation, and social rewards) while the absence of privacy risks, or the configurations with the presence of both perceived benefits and privacy risks meanwhile with the presence of behavioral activation system (BAS) but the absence of behavioral inhibition system (BIS). In contrast, low disclosure can be caused by the configurations with the absence of all the three types of perceived benefits, or the configurations with the presence of both perceived benefits and privacy risks meanwhile with the presence of BIS, but the absence of BAS.

Herbal medicines use and associated factors among pregnant women in Debre Tabor town, north West Ethiopia: a mixed method approach

BackgroundUse of herbal medicines during pregnancy has been increase in many developing and developed countries. In spite of the studies done on herbal medicine, no study has addressed use of herbal medicine among pregnant women in Debre Tabor Town. Hence, the major aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of herbal medicine use and associated factors.MethodsA community based explanatory sequential mixed methods was employed. The quantitative method used cross-sectional study design with a sample size of 267 women, also 12 participants in a group for focus group discussion and 6 in-depth interviews from focus group were included for a qualitative part using a purposive sampling technique. The data were coded and entered into Epidata 4.2.0.0 and analysis was done using SPSS version 25, while thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Bivariate and multivariate logistic analyses were used to assess associations between dependent and independent variables.ResultsNinety-five (36.3%) of pregnant women used herbal medicine during pregnancy. Prior use of herbal medicine (AOR: 3.138; 95% CI: 1.375, 7.162), unable to read & write (AOR: 9.316; 95% CI: 2.339, 37.101), presence of health problems (AOR: 3.263; 95% CI: 1.502, 7.090), drug availability (AOR: 9.872; 95% CI: 4.322, 22.551) and distance to the health facilities (AOR 6.153; 95% CI 2.487, 15.226) were significantly associated with use of herbal medicine. Only 5(5.3%) of herbal medicine users disclosed their herbal medicine use to their healthcare providers. Zingiber officinale, Eucalyptus globulus, Rutachalepensis, Linumusitatissimum, and Moringa stenopetala were the most commonly used herbal medicines by pregnant women.ConclusionsThe use of herbal medicine during pregnancy is a common practice and significantly associated with educational status, prior use of herbal medicine, presence of health problems, drug availability and distance to the health facilities. Since there was high prevalence and low disclosure rate of herbal medicine use, it should be ensured that physicians/midwives establish a good level of communication with pregnant women.

Environmental indicator disclosure of international contractors

ABSTRACT Companies have acknowledged their corporate social responsibility (CSR) in recent years. However, environmental performance indicators are generally insufficiently disclosed. This study has investigated the disclosure of environmental indicators in the CSR reports of international contractors and proposed the sequence and method for indicator disclosure. Measurement scales were used to analyze 34 environmental indicators of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) G4 guidelines in terms of content requirements and characteristics. CSR reports of eight selected contractors were examined to calculate percentages of indicator disclosure. Finally, the indicators were ranked in three levels to present a meaningful disclosure sequence for construction companies. The average disclosure rate of the 34 indicators of the eight contractors was 29%. A total of 3, 11, and 20 indicators were high, medium, and low disclosure, respectively. The disclosure percentages for materials, water, effluents and wastes, emissions, and energy were 63%, 42%, 37%, 36%, and 33%, respectively. A company can disclose high-disclosure quantitative indicators with priority, such as materials and water, and supplement them with qualitative ones. Materials are a crucial input of the construction process. Therefore, data regarding materials should be collected early to ensure that data are available for other indicators.

How cultural dimensions are shaping social expectations: the case of European state-owned enterprises' nonfinancial reporting

PurposeThe purpose of the research is to shed light on how the mandatory regulation on nonfinancial information has changed European state-owned enterprises' (SOEs) disclosure levels. In addition, the present research aims to demonstrate, under the lens of legitimacy theory, how Hofstede's cultural dimensions shape social expectations that may have suffered changes after the introduction of a mandatory regulation on nonfinancial reporting.Design/methodology/approachThe paper adopts a mixed approach. First, it employees the content analysis to investigate the disclosure level on 22 of the 24 European SOEs. Second, the authors demonstrate how cultural dimensions take a different role when a change in regulation is introduced using the qualitative comparative analysis (QCA).FindingsThe results reveal a slight increase in disclosure from the year before introducing the directive. Additionally, the results demonstrate how none of Hofstede's cultural dimensions is responsible for high disclosure levels. Although, the sufficiency analysis outlines several combinations of different cultural dimensions that lead to high disclosure levels. In particular, results demonstrate how the core dimensions leading to the outcome changed once the European Union Directive (EUD) has entered into force.Research limitations/implicationsDespite the contributions, the present study is not free of limitations. As the investigated sample is limited to a small number of SOEs, the content analysis adopts a dichotomous approach. The analysis is conducted on integrated reporting, and the fuzzy set QCA results cannot be used for generalization but refer only to the investigated sample. Consequently, further studies should investigate a broader sample of SOEs and organizations that adopt other nonfinancial reporting frameworks. Additionally, a qualitative approach to the reports' analysis is recommended.Practical implicationsIt demonstrates how the EUD on nonfinancial information has impacted the disclosure levels of European SOEs. It adopts a fresh methodology rarely used in accounting. It demonstrates how cultural conditions influence social expectations that determine corporations to disclose more information after the introduction of a regulatory framework.Originality/valueThe paper's theoretical contribution refers to its focus on the public sector, and it adopts a methodology rarely used by accounting scholars.

Economic policy uncertainty and stock liquidity: The mitigating effect of information disclosure

We examine the relationship between economic policy uncertainty, information disclosure and stock liquidity using a large sample of Chinese firms. We first establish that economic policy uncertainty leads to declining stock liquidity. Next, we provide evidence that managers respond to uncertainty shocks to their firm’s information environment by producing more information. Cross-sectional tests indicate that voluntary information disclosure increases more for firms with higher external information demand and with no implicit guarantees. Furthermore, we find that high information disclosure quality mitigates the negative impact of heightened economic policy uncertainty on stock liquidity. This impact is more pronounced for firms with poor information environments and private firms. Additionally, we provide further evidence using cumulative abnormal returns that in periods of high economic policy uncertainty, investors react more to management earnings announcements for firms with high information disclosure quality. Finally, we uncover that increased information disclosure quality improves financial analysts forecast precision more when policy uncertainty is high.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Concomitant Chinese Medicine Use by Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in A Multi-Ethnic Asian Population

To determine the prevalence, factors associated with and patterns of concomitant Chinese medicine (CM) with Western treatment use among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a tertiary referral centre (Singapore General Hospital) in Singapore. We conducted a cross-sectional interviewer-administered survey of a consecutive sample of patients with RA in Singapore General Hospital centre regarding their CM use including data on patient demographics, disease characteristics, concomitant use of CM and reasons, concerns and disclosure patterns from March to August 2015. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the associations of CM use. Prevalence of CM use among the 258 patients surveyed (male: female 42: 216; Chinese: Malay: Indian 191: 29: 34; mean age: 61 years; mean duration of RA: 10 years) was 46.1% (119/258). On multivariate analysis, Chinese ethnicity (OR, 95% CI: 4.11, 1.49-11.36), Chinese speakers (OR, 95% CI: 2.35, 1.03-5.54), middle-income group (OR, 95% CI: 2.53, 1.01-6.31) and greater learned helplessness (OR, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.04-1.22) were significantly associated with CM use. More CM users disclosed their CM use to CM physicians (87.3%, 96/110), sought advice from them on treatment interactions (59.4%, 57/96) and how best to combine treatments (49.0%, 47/96) than did so with rheumatologists (42.0%, 50/119; 40.0%, 20/50; and 42.0%, 21/50, respectively). Forty-two percentage (29/69) of patients who concealed CM use from rheumatologists because their rheumatologists did not specifically enquire about CM use. Concomitant CM use among patients with RA treated in a tertiary referral centre in Singapore is high but voluntary disclosure is low. The associations identified can help doctors identify and enquire about CM use, minimizing potential adverse interactions.

The impact of disclosure quality on analyst forecasts in China

ABSTRACT Since the establishment of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) Disclosure Ranking System in 2001, the disclosure quality of listed companies has increased in China. As a result, analysts can access more timely, valuable, and reliable information to understand companies’ overall operating status, financial reports, and accrual components of earnings. As analysts can save time and costs when they have access to high-quality information provided by firms, their earnings forecast error and optimism bias are reduced, and analysts’ divergence of opinion on firm prospects decreases. Using a sample of 419 A-share firms listed on the Main Board of the SZSE over the 2001–2018 period, we investigate whether disclosure quality affects analysts’ forecasting behaviour in China’s securities market using SZSE disclosure ranking data, and find that high disclosure quality improves analyst forecast accuracy and reduces forecast optimism and forecast dispersion. We also find that disclosure quality is associated with an increase in a firm’s stock price synchronicity with the market and a decrease in industry-wide and firm-specific information, and that a good disclosure ranking can enhance the credibility of firm-specific information and therefore its usefulness to financial analysts in the emerging market of China.

Trust Profiles: Associations With Psychological Need Satisfaction, Work Engagement, and Intention to Leave.

The study aimed to identify trust profiles in the work domain and to study how these patterns related to psychological need satisfaction, work engagement, and intentions to leave. A cross-sectional survey with a convenience sample (N = 298) was used. The Behavioral Trust Inventory, the Work-related Basic Need Satisfaction Scale, the Work Engagement Scale, and the Turnover Intention Scale were administered. The results showed four trust profiles: skeptic, reliance-based, moderately cautious, and optimistic trustors represented participants' responses on behavioral trust. Skeptic and optimistic trustors (who represented about 50% of the sample) differed primarily regarding their reliance and disclosure intensity. The other two trust profiles (representing the other 50% of the sample) reflected higher reliance and lower disclosure or lower reliance and higher disclosure. Psychological need satisfaction (comprised of autonomy, competence, and relatedness satisfaction) and work engagement were the strongest and intentions to leave the weakest for optimistic trustors (compared to skeptic trustors).

Firms' innovation strategy under the shadow of corporate social responsibility disclosure: Evidence from China

This paper examines how corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure impacts innovation using a sample of Chinese firms. We find that an increase in CSR disclosure leads firms to invest more in R&D investments and generate more patents. Additionally, our findings reveal that firms with high CSR disclosure nurture innovation by engaging less in short‐termism activities that crowd resources for innovation. Furthermore, we uncover that CSR disclosure promotes the optimum allocation of R&D expenditure by allocating risky capital towards good investment opportunities and away from poor investment opportunity sets. In addition, we show that CSR disclosure promotes innovation through information and human capital channels.

Liquidity and IFRS Adoption in Canada

ABSTRACT We examine cross-sectional differences in changes in liquidity for Canadian firms between pre-IFRS and post-IFRS adoption based on their pre-IFRS disclosure quality. In a matched-sample analysis, with U.S. firms acting as control firms, we find that liquidity improved after mandatory IFRS adoption for Canadian companies with high pre-IFRS disclosure quality, but declined for Canadian companies with low pre-IFRS disclosure quality, in comparison to U.S. peers. We find similar results when we stratify the sample based on total assets—larger Canadian firms gained liquidity, while smaller Canadian firms lost liquidity, relative to the U.S. control firms. Our results are sustained when we use firms listed in Canada that report under U.S. GAAP before and after IFRS adoption as control firms.

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) disclosure, competitive advantage and performance of firms in Malaysia

Abstract The objective of this research is to investigate the effects of firms’ ESG (Environmental, Social and Governance) disclosures on firm performance, moderated by firm competitive advantage. The sample of the data is 3966 firm-year observations from year 2012–2017 of 661 firms listed in the Bursa Malaysia. To improve the robustness of our analysis we adopt clustering techniques in our regression analysis. The findings of this research indicate that ESG disclosure improves firm performance even after controlling for competitive advantage. We also find consistent evidence that an increase in ESG disclosure by one unit will increase firm performance by approximately 4 percent in Malaysia. The implication of this research is the need to re-examine the level of ESG disclosure and the financing incentive for firms with high ESG disclosure scores as high scores of ESG are associated with higher competitive advantage. Further, policymakers can enhance regulatory frameworks by incorporating ESG across various investment activities and value creation initiatives.

Bullying perpetration among youth: The contributions of child disclosure and parent-teacher connection.

Despite research emphasizing the importance of parents in addressing children's bullying perpetration, there has been little prior research that explored how parental knowledge, particularly from child-initiated disclosure of their daily behaviors and experiences, may impact the child's overt, relational, and cyberbullying perpetration longitudinally. The current study examined the longitudinal relations between parent-reported child disclosure and the child's overt, relational, and cyberbullying perpetration, and the roles of parent-teacher connection in moderating the relations. This study utilized data gathered from 110 fourth to 5th grade children (M age = 10.35 years, SD = 8.75 months) and their parents/caregivers from 2 urban public schools in the United States. The analyses revealed that for children with high disclosure in the fall, stronger parent-teacher connection in the fall was significantly associated with less relational and cyberbullying perpetration in the spring. These findings suggest that high child-initiated disclosure itself might not be adequate in addressing children's bullying involvement and strong parent-teacher connection serves to protect children from increased covert bullying when they openly communicate with parents about their behaviors. This highlights the long-term importance of connections between teachers and parents in addressing relational and cyberbullying behaviors in underresourced urban schools. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Accelerating caregivers\u2019 HIV status disclosure to community-based lay social welfare volunteers in Tanzania

BackgroundHIV status disclosure facilitates access to HIV-related prevention and treatment services and increases opportunities for social support, HIV risk reduction with partners, and index testing for sexual partners or children. This study assessed the effect of a program model of community-based social welfare volunteers on HIV status disclosure among caregivers of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC).MethodsThis was a longitudinal study, which was based on OVC caregivers who were beneficiaries of the USAID Kizazi Kipya project in Tanzania. They were enrolled (baseline) by community social welfare volunteers during 2017–2018, received services, and reassessed at midline in 2019. Caregivers who reported having been HIV tested, were asked to voluntarily report the status in order for the volunteers to establish and provide needed services. Those who reported their HIV status as negative or positive were grouped as “disclosed”, and those who knew their status but did not report it were documented as “undisclosed”. McNemar’s tests compared disclosure rates at baseline and midline. Multivariable analysis was conducted using generalized estimating equation (GEE).ResultsThe study analyzed 140,664 caregivers (72% female) from 81 district councils of Tanzania. Their mean age at enrollment was 47.4 years. Overall, 81.3% of the caregivers disclosed their HIV status to the project staff at baseline; this increased significantly to 96.1% at midline (p < 0.001). Disclosure at baseline varied significantly by sociodemographic characteristic (p < 0.05), with higher disclosure in females, among urban residents, and higher educated caregivers. However, the observed disclosure variations by sociodemographic characteristics at baseline disappeared at midline and disclosure reached around 96% across the characteristics (p > 0.05). In the multivariable analysis, caregivers’ likelihood of HIV status disclosure was nearly 6 times higher at midline than at baseline, when baseline characteristics were adjusted for (OR = 5.76, 95% CI 5.59–5.94, p < 0.001). There were 26,329 caregivers who did not disclose their HIV status at baseline (i.e., 0% diclosure rate at baseline), but 94.7% (n = 24,933) had disclosed by midline, and their disclosure trend was rapidly increasing as their duration of exposure to the project increased.ConclusionsThis study detected an increased caregivers’ HIV status disclosure to the USAID Kizazi Kipya project staff by 14.8%, from 81.3% at baseline to 96.1% at midline within an average project exposure period of 1.4 years. The observed loss of sociodemographic differences in HIV status disclosure rate at midline implies that community-based interventions may be well-positioned to successfully address and eliminate sociodemographic barriers to service uptake and consequently improve services coverage and health outcomes.

Why do some pregnant women not fully disclose at comprehensive psychosocial assessment with their midwife?

ProblemWhile comprehensive psychosocial assessment is recommended as part of routine maternity care, unless women engage and disclose, psychosocial risk will not be identified or referred in a timely manner. We need to better understand and where possible overcome the barriers to disclosure if we are to reduce mental health morbidity and complex psychosocial adversity. AimsTo assess pregnant women’s attitude to, and reasons for non-disclosure at, comprehensive psychosocial assessment with their midwife. MethodsData from 1796 pregnant women were analysed using a mixed method approach. After ascertaining women’s comfort with, attitude to, and non-disclosure at psychosocial screening, thematic analysis was used to understand the reasons underpinning non-disclosure. Findings99% of participants were comfortable with the assessment, however 11.1% (N = 193) reported some level of nondisclosure. Key themes for non-disclosure included (1) Normalising and negative self-perception, (2) Fear of negative perceptions from others, (3) Lack of trust of midwife, (4) Differing expectation of appointment and (5) Mode of assessment and time issues. DiscussionFactors associated with high comfort and disclosure levels in this sample include an experienced and skilled midwifery workforce at the study site and a relatively advantaged and mental health literate sample. Proper implementation of psychosocial assessment policy; setting clear expectations for women and, for more vulnerable women, extending assessment time, modifying mode of assessment, and offering continuity of midwifery care will help build rapport, improve disclosure, and increase the chance of early identification and intervention. ConclusionsThis study informs approaches to improving comprehensive psychosocial assessment in the maternity setting.

Investigating the level and quality of the information in the environmental disclosure report of a corporation considering government intervention

We study the effect of quantity and quality of environmental disclosure of a corporation, and also assess the impact of government intervention through subsidies on the corporation. Both positive and negative information levels and respective subsidies, and three different government policies (i.e., environmental policy, disclosure benefit policy, and social welfare policy) are considered. The resulting interaction between the government and the corporation is modeled in a game theoretic framework, which is then solved to find equilibrium decisions and to develop insights. It was concluded that offering both positive and negative disclosure subsidy benefits both parties than when the government does not intervene. Furthermore, given high positive and negative disclosure cost, the corporation would prefer that the government adopt a pure environmental policy, however, the latter would prefer the social welfare policy. Finally, under environmental policy, the corporation benefits more when the sensitivity to negative disclosure level to environmental factor is less, however, both parties benefit under the two other policies.

Relationship communication and the course of psychological outcomes among couples coping with localised prostate cancer.

How couples communicate about cancer is an important predictor of psychological outcomes for men diagnosed with localised prostate cancer and their spouses. We examined the predictive role of disclosure, responsiveness, mutual avoidance, and holding back on depressive symptoms, psychological adjustment, cancer-specific distress, and cancer concerns. Eighty-one prostate cancer patients and their spouses completed measures of communication at baseline and measures of four psychological outcomes at baseline, five, 12, and 26 weeks after baseline. Dyadic growth models tested the effects of time and role on each outcome over time. Higher disclosure and responsiveness predicted better psychological outcomes. Less mutual avoidance and holding back predicted poorer psychological outcomes. Across communication variables, individuals who engaged in poorer communication initially had poorer psychological outcomes that improved over time, whereas individuals who engaged in better communication initially maintained their more positive standing without change or changed in the positive direction. For all outcomes, those with better communication still had better psychological outcomes at six months. Couples' cancer-specific relationship communication predicts their psychological outcomes. More research is needed to identify effective interventions, including a longer therapy course, individual communication training, or greater focus on addressing barriers to sharing and responsiveness.

PERCEPTION OF HIV STIGMA PERCEPTION IN HIV INFECTED PEOPLE

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that can attack the human immune system. In Garut infected with HIV during 2018 there were 251 and the number who died was 181, also the cause of high mortality and morbidity, which can cause psychosocial problems such as stigma. The purpose of this study to describe the perception of HIV stigma in Guntur Garut Army Hospital. The design of this study was descriptive quantitative with a population of people infected with HIV of 199 people. The sample collection technique used Accidental Sampling with a sample size of 45, the variable in this study was HIV stigma. The questionnaire used is the Berger stigma scale, with the results of the validity test of 0.98 and Cronbach's alpha reliability of 0.92. Using Univariate Analysis Techniques. Based on the results of the study, it can be seen that 57.8% of respondents have a bad HIV stigma, when viewed from several dimensions, the highest dimension is Disclosure Cocerns 55.6%. Then Public Attitude 53.3%, Personalized Stigma dimensions 68.9%, and Negative Self Image dimensions 64.4% B. Results. Conclusion Based on the results of research conducted on 45 respondents, it was found that the perception of HIV stigma at the TNI AD Guntur Garut Hospital had a bad stigma perception. In the Disclosure Cocerens dimension, it was the highest aspect that was perceived as lacking, followed by public attitudes, Personalized Stigma and Negative Self Image.

Differential relationships of stress and HIV disclosure by gender: a person centered longitudinal study

BackgroundExisting literature mostly consider HIV disclosure as a static event and investigate its relationship with stress using a cross-sectional design. It is unclear about the dynamic changes of HIV disclosure levels (defined as the number of disclosure targets) and how stress may influence these changes. This study explored different disclosure levels using a person-centered longitudinal approach, examined whether stress could predict these disclosure levels, and investigated if this relationship differed by gender among people living with HIV (PLWH).MethodsData were derived from a prospective cohort study conducted from November 2016 to January 2018 in Guangxi, China. Four hundred forty-four PLWH were included. Participants were assessed on perceived stress, sociodemographic characteristics, and number of HIV disclosure targets at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups. Growth mixture modeling was used to characterize disclosure levels based on the changes of disclosure target number. Multinomial logistic regression was used to predict disclosure levels with baseline stress after adjusting for covariates. The interaction effect of stress by gender was examined. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval were reported to show the strength of association. ResultsThree levels of disclosure were characterized as “Low levels of disclosure” (Level One), “Increased levels of disclosure” (Level Two), and “High levels of disclosure” (Level Three). Accordingly, 355 (81.2%), 28 (6.4%), and 64 (12.4%) of PLWH were categorized respectively under low, increased, and high levels of disclosure. The interaction of baseline stress by gender was significant in differentiating Level One from Three (AOR = 0.85 [0.74 ~ 0.99]) while it was not significant between Level One and Two (AOR = 0.96 [0.81 ~ 1.15]). Compared to female, male PLWH with higher baseline stress had lower probability to have consistent high disclosure levels over time. PLWH who were married/cohabited had lower probability of being classified into consistent high levels of disclosure than low level (AOR = 0.43 [0.19 ~ 0.94]).ConclusionsThere was gender difference in the relationship between stress and levels of HIV disclosure. To promote HIV disclosure, gender tailored interventions should be employed to help PLWH cope with stress.

Board structure and disclosure of intellectual capital: An empirical study in an emerging market

Capital market regulators have concentrated on company transparency, including and also intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) throughout the previous decade. Jensen and Meckling (1976) stated that high disclosure can reduce agency costs and the uncertainty faced by investors. This research aims to explore the ways the board structure, comprising board size, independence, female board members and CEO dichotomy, affects intellectual capital disclosure within Indonesia. A sample comprising 323 non-commercial companies in 7 industries listed publicly from 2008 to 2017 on Indonesia Stock Exchanges (IDX) was analyzed using ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. This study found a positive and significant impact of board size which implied that a higher total number of members of the board of directors results in a higher extent of ICD. The larger the number of outside board members, the better. This makes the board more independent and allows it to provide a higher level of corporate governance to shareholders. The findings revealed the level of ICD significantly and negatively affected CEO duality statistically. The complete findings indicated robust implications of board structure for ICD. This study may be utilized to facilitate higher intellectual capital awareness and foster ICD execution by IDX capital market administrators.

Human immunodeficiency virus status disclosure among people living with human immunodeficiency virus receiving care in Enugu, Nigeria: A mixed method study.

Disclosure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status has potential benefits for both the individual and society. This study aimed to determine the disclosure rate and its associated factors in people living with HIV receiving care in Enugu, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study using mixed methods was carried out in 5 comprehensive treatment facilities in Enugu, Nigeria during March to August 2019. 300 participants for the quantitative aspect were selected using a simple random sampling method and 30 participants for the qualitative aspect were selected purposively. Interviewer administered questionnaire and focus group discussion were applied for data collection. The quantitative data was analyzed using Epi info version 7; Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression were applied and a level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Among 300 participants, 241 (80.3%) had voluntarily disclosed their status to someone within their social network. 228 respondents had sexual partners and 122 (52.4%) had disclosed to their sexual partners. Twenty-five (11.0%) disclosed to their partners on the day of diagnosis. Predictors of disclosure were being female, having a formal education and being 35 years or more. This study revealed high voluntary disclosure rate to someone within the social network, but lower and delayed disclosure rate to sexual partners.