High Dietary Intake Of Vitamin Research Articles

Association between dietary vitamin C and abdominal aortic calcification among the US adults

BackgroundCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality, and vascular calcification has been highly correlated with CVD events. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has been shown to predict subclinical CVD and incident CVD events. However, the relationship between vitamin C and abdominal aortic calcification remains unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship of dietary vitamin C with AAC among the adult population in the US.MethodsThe National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014 provided the data for the cross-sectional study. 2297 subjects (1089 males) were included in the study. Two scoring systems, AAC 24-point scale (Kauppila) and AAC 8-point scale (Schousboe), were used for the measurement of AAC score. Dietary vitamin C intake was calculated as the average of two rounds of 24-h interview recall data and classified in tertiles for analysis. We applied weighted multiple regression analyses to assess the relationship of dietary vitamin C with AAC score and the risk of having AAC. To ensure the robustness of the findings, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Additionally, smooth curve fittings, using generalized additive models (GAM) were employed to visualize potential nonlinear relationships. Furthermore, an exploratory analysis on the relationship of vitamin C supplements with AAC was also conducted.ResultsThe results showed that higher dietary vitamin C intake was related to a reduction in AAC score (AAC-24: β = -0.338, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.565, -0.111, P = 0.004; AAC-8: β = -0.132, 95%CI -0.217, -0.047, P = 0.002), and lower risk of AAC (odds ratio [OR] = 0.807, 95%CI 0.659, 0.989, P = 0.038). However, the relationship of vitamin C supplements with AAC was not identified.ConclusionsThe study revealed that higher intake of dietary vitamin C rather than vitamin C supplements was related to reduced AAC score and lower risk of AAC, indicating that diets rich in vitamin C are recommended due to its potential benefits for protecting against vascular calcification and CVD among the adult population in the US.

What Dietary Vitamins and Minerals Might Be Protective against Parkinson's Disease?

Dietary constituents may affect the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to assess the contribution of dietary intake of vitamins and minerals to the severity, motor and non-motor symptoms, and risk of PD. In this case-control study, 120 patients with PD and 50 healthy participants participated. Dietary intake of vitamins and minerals was determined using a 147-item food frequency questionnaire. The severity of PD was determined by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Patients with PD had lower intake of several vitamins and minerals including lycopene, thiamine, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, magnesium, zinc, manganese, selenium, chromium, and phosphorus, but had higher intake of α-tocopherol. High dietary intake of vitamin A, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, vitamin C, and α-tocopherol were correlated with increased odds of PD. High intake of lycopene, thiamin, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, magnesium, zinc, manganese, chromium, and phosphorous correlated with reduced odds of PD. The predictive power of α-tocopherol concerning the risk of PD was stronger relative to other vitamins. Dietary intake of pantothenic acid was negatively correlated with PD severity and symptoms of motor examination and complication. The severity and motor symptoms of PD were also negatively correlated with β-carotene, vitamin C, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and biotin intake. The UPDRS total score and motor symptoms in PD patients were negatively correlated with phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, manganese, and chromium, and strongly with potassium intake. The findings indicate that adequate dietary intake of vitamins and minerals may have a preventive effect on developing PD and progression of motor decline.

Physical Activity, Sun Exposure, Vitamin D Intake and Perceived Stress in Italian Adults.

The last decades of global development have, due to rapid urbanization, pressuring entire populations to changes in lifestyle and dietary habits, led to an increase in the prevalence of mental disorders, including stress. This study explored how lifestyle and dietary factors, such as physical activity, sun exposure, and vitamin D intake are related to perceived stress in a Mediterranean-based population. Physical activity level was evaluated using the international physical activity questionnaires (IPAQ), sun exposure was evaluated using the sunlight exposure measurement questionnaire (SEM-Q), and validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) were used to assess dietary intakes. The perceived stress of the study participants was evaluated using the perceived stress scale (PSS). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to test for potential associations. In the most adjusted model, an inverse association between physical activity level, sunlight exposure, vitamin D intake, and high perceived stress was found (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.51, 1.00, OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.99, OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.89, respectively). However, when stratifying the population by level of physical activity, the retrieved associations with sunlight exposure and dietary vitamin D intake were significant only among those individuals reporting being moderately to highly physically active (OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.33 and OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.76, respectively), while results on low physically active participants were null. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that higher dietary intake of vitamin D and sunlight exposure are associated with a lower likelihood of having high perceived stress among physically active individuals.

Factors Affecting the Vitamin C Dose-Concentration Relationship: Implications for Global Vitamin C Dietary Recommendations

Vitamin C status is known to be associated with several demographic and lifestyle factors. These include gender, age, ethnicity, pregnancy/lactation, body weight, smoking status and dietary habits. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018 datasets to assess the impact of these factors on vitamin C dose-concentration relationships to establish if there are higher requirements for vitamin C in certain subpopulations, and the possible extent of these additional requirements. The final cohort comprised 2828 non-supplementing adult males and females (aged 18-80+ years) with both vitamin C serum concentrations and dietary intake data available. The data were subsequently stratified by gender, age tertiles (≤36, 37-58, ≥59 years), ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and total Hispanic), socioeconomic tertiles (poverty income ratios: ≤1.35, 1.36-3.0, >3.0), weight tertiles (<72, 72-91, >91 kg), BMI tertiles (<26, 26-32, >32 kg/m2) and smoking status. Sigmoidal (four parameter logistic) curves with asymmetrical 95% confidence intervals were fitted to the dose-concentration data. We found that males required vitamin C intakes ~1.2-fold higher than females to reach 'adequate' serum vitamin C concentrations of 50 µmol/L. Males had both higher body weight and a higher prevalence of smoking than females. Smokers required vitamin C intakes ~2.0-fold higher than non-smokers to reach adequate vitamin C concentrations. Relative to adults in the lighter weight tertile, adults in the heavier weight tertile required ~2.0-fold higher dietary intakes of vitamin C to reach adequate serum concentrations. We did not observe any impact of ethnicity or socioeconomic status on the vitamin C dose-concentration relationship, and although no significant difference between younger and older adults was observed at vitamin C intakes > 75 mg/day, at intakes < 75 mg/day, older adults had an attenuated serum response to vitamin C intake. In conclusion, certain demographic and lifestyle factors, specifically gender, smoking and body weight, have a significant impact on vitamin C requirements. Overall, the data indicate that the general population should consume ~110 mg/day of vitamin C to attain adequate serum concentrations, smokers require ~165 mg/day relative to non-smokers, and heavier people (100+ kg) require ~155 mg/day to reach comparable vitamin C concentrations. These findings have important implications for global vitamin C dietary recommendations.

Associations between intake of dietary micro- and macro-nutrients with Dry eye syndrome: Blue Mountains Eye Study

To report on the relationship between dietary intakes of a broad range of macronutrients and micronutrients, including antioxidants and fatty acids, with the presence of dry eye symptoms. Population-based cross-sectional study of 1952 urban Sydney residents aged 60 years or greater. Participants completed a validated semi-quantitative 145-item food frequency questionnaire and a dry eye questionnaire. A total of 1528 responses were recorded (78.3%) of which 902 (59.0%) were female. 53.8% of participants reported at least one dry eye symptom, more commonly by women (58.2%) compared to men (47.3%). Participants in the highest (8.11 mcg/day) versus lowest quartile of intake of dietary B12 had reduced likelihood of reporting more than 2 dry eye symptoms and 1 or more moderate-severe dry eye symptoms: OR 0.64 (95% CI: 0.41-1.00) and OR 0.63 (95% CI: 0.41-0.97), respectively. Higher dietary intakes of vitamin C, thiamine (vitamin B1), polyunsaturated fats and calcium, were all associated with a reduced likelihood of participants reporting more than 2 dry eye symptoms (p<0.05 for all). Intakes of a broad range of micro- and macro-nutrients were significantly and independently associated with reduced odds of experiencing dry eye symptoms. These data suggest that clinicians may need to consider current diet in patients presenting with dry eye symptoms.

Association of Dietary Antioxidant Vitamin Intake and Gastric Cancer Risk According to Smoking Status and Histological Subtypes of Gastric Cancer: A Case-Control Study in Korea

Smoking is a risk factor for gastric cancer (GC) and causes oxidative stress. Antioxidant vitamins may protect against oxidative stress. This study aimed to determine the association between dietary antioxidant vitamin intake and GC risk according to smoking status and the histological subtype. This case-control study included 286 pairs of patients with GC and controls aged 20–79 years enrolled at two hospitals from 2002 to 2006, matched by age (± 2 years), sex, hospital, and participation period (± 1 years). Dietary information was collected using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). When stratified by smoking status, increased intake of vitamin C (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.17–0.84 for highest vs. lowest; P for trend = 0.033) and folate (OR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.12–0.64 for highest vs. lowest; P for trend = 0.003) decreased GC risk in nonsmokers. Vitamin C (P for interaction = 0.043) and folate (P for interaction =0.015) levels were significantly associated with smoking status. Similar results were observed in nonsmokers with diffuse and mixed types of GC, but not in those with intestinal type of GC. Therefore, we found an inverse association between higher intake of dietary vitamin C and folate with the risk of GC among nonsmokers. These protective associations were strong in nonsmokers with diffuse and mixed types of GC.

Maternal Vitamin D Status and Its Associated Environmental Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Vitamin D deficiency is common among women during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and their shared modifiable environmental factors among pregnant women in Indonesia and Malaysia. Blood samples of 844 third-trimester pregnant women (Indonesians: 311; Malaysians: 533) were collected to determine their serum 25(OH) D levels. Information on sun exposure and sun protection behaviours were obtained through face-to-face interviews. Dietary vitamin D intake was assessed by using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<30 nmol/L) among Indonesian and Malaysian pregnant women were 42.4% and 72.0%, respectively. Percentage of exposed body surface area was inversely associated with vitamin D deficiency among Indonesian pregnant women (OR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.09-0.48). Among Malaysian pregnant women, higher intakes of dietary vitamin D were associated with lower risk of vitamin D deficiency (OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.29-0.81). Analysis of the combined cohorts revealed a lower risk of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women who had a daily intake of at least 15 mcg vitamin D (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.38-0.88) and exposure of more than 27% body surface area to the sunlight (OR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.16-0.60). Despite abundant sunshine, vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among pregnant women in tropical countries. The present study suggests that nutrition education on vitamin D intake and sun exposure during pregnancy is necessary for primary prevention of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women living in the tropical countries.

The influence of the dietary intake of vitamin C and vitamin E on the risk of gastric intestinal metaplasia in a cohort of Koreans.

Studies have suggested that the dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins, such as vitamin C and vitamin E, has a potential role in inhibiting gastric carcinogenesis. The present study investigated the effect of antioxidant vitamins on the incidence of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM). This study included 67,657 Koreans free of GIM who periodically underwent health check-ups. Dietary intake was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants were categorized into 4 groups by quartiles of dietary vitamin C and vitamin E intake. The Cox proportional hazard assumption was used to determine the multivariable hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for GIM. The third and fourth quartiles of vitamin C intake had a lower risk of GIM than the first quartile (multivariable-adjusted HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.03 in the second quartile, HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.97 in the third quartile, and HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.95 in the fourth quartile). Vitamin E intake greater than the second quartile level was significantly associated with a lower risk of GIM than the first quartile (multivariable-adjusted HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.97 in the second quartile, HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82 to 0.99 in the third quartile, and HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.94 in the fourth quartile). This association was observed only in the subgroup analysis for men. Higher dietary intake of vitamin C and vitamin E was associated with a lower risk of GIM.

Plasma Levels of Bioactive Vitamin D and A5 Ligands Positively Correlate with Clinical Atopic Dermatitis Markers

Background: Over the past decade, several controversial studies described a relationship between vitamin D and atopic diseases. Low plasma vitamin D levels or even vitamin D deficiency was associated with an increased incidence of atopic disease, postulating that a higher dietary intake of vitamin D may be a beneficial strategy against atopic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD). Objective: Our aim was to determine the relationship between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D₃) levels, the levels of the ligand of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) heterodimerization partner as well as the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and the active vitamin A5 derivative 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid (9CDHRA) and AD severity. Methods/Results: Samples from AD patients (n = 20) and healthy volunteers (n = 20) were assessed. In our study, the frequently measured VDR ligand precursor 25(OH)D₃ in addition to the VDR-ligand 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)₂D₃) and 9CDHRA displayed no different levels when compared with the plasma of AD patients and healthy volunteers. When performing further correlation studies focusing on AD patients, plasma 25(OH)D₃ levels showed a negative correlation with eosinophils in blood (EOS) and SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) values, while 1,25(OH)₂D₃ and 9CDHRA levels correlated positively with plasma IgE, EOS, and SCORAD values. Conclusion: In consequence, the metabolic activation of vitamin D from 25(OH)D₃ towards 1,25(OH)₂D₃ as well as the co-liganding of the RXR by 9CDHRA may be an important signalling mechanism, an important marker for AD development and severity as well as the basis for novel nutritional and pharmaceutical AD treatment options.

Dietary vitamin D intake and colorectal cancer risk: a longitudinal approach within the PREDIMED study.

We evaluated whether the intake of dietary vitamin D is associated with the incidence of both colorectal cancer (CRC) and colon cancer in the framework of the PREDIMED cohort of older adults at high cardiovascular risk. We analyzed data from 7216 men and women (55-80years) without CRC at baseline from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea study. Baseline consumption of vitamin D was assessed using a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards ratios (HRs) of CRC and colon cancer incidence were estimated for quartiles and per 1-SD of baseline vitamin D intake. During a median follow-up of 6years, we documented 97 incident CRC cases after the exclusion of subjects with no baseline dietary data and/or outliers of energy intake. A non-significant HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CRC for the comparison of extreme quartiles (4th vs 1st) of vitamin D intake were observed [0.55 (0.30-1.00), P for trend = 0.072], whereas it was significant for colon cancer incidence alone [0.44 (0.22-0.90), P for trend = 0.032]. However, this association became significant in CRC and colon cancer incidence, after excluding 391 subjects consuming baseline vitamin D and/or calcium medication or prescribed supplements [0.52 (0.28-0.96) and 0.41 (0.12-0.85), respectively]. A higher dietary intake of vitamin D was significantly associated with a reduced CRC risk in individuals at high cardiovascular risk.

Dietary Intake of Vitamin E and Fats Associated with Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Japanese People: A Cross-Sectional Study from the Fifth Survey of the ROAD Study.

Dietary habits are of considerable interest as a modifiable factor for the maintenance of muscle health, especially sarcopenia. The present study aimed to investigate the association between dietary intake and sarcopenia prevalence in community-dwelling Japanese subjects. This cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the fifth survey of the Research on Osteoarthritis/Osteoporosis against Disability (ROAD) study, and 1345 participants (437 men and 908 women) aged ≥60 years were included in the analysis. Sarcopenia was determined by the definition of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia established in 2014, and dietary intake was assessed with the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Overall, 77 subjects (5.7%) were identified as having sarcopenia, 5.0% of men and 6.1% of women. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratios of sarcopenia for the dietary intake of vitamin E (α-tocopherol, 0.14 (CI 0.04–0.49), β-tocopherol (0.24, CI 0.07–0.78), γ-tocopherol (0.28, CI 0.09–0.87), and fats (fat 0.27, CI 0.08–0.96; monounsaturated fatty acids, 0.22, CI 0.07–0.72, polyunsaturated fatty acids, 0.28, CI 0.09–0.89) at the highest quantile were significantly lower compared with those at the lowest quantile. Therefore, higher dietary intakes of vitamin E and fats would be associated with a lower prevalence of sarcopenia.

Vitamin A and Bone Fractures: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Vitamin A is a generic term for compounds that have biological activity similar to that of retinol and includes carotenoids like β-carotene and α-carotene. Some studies suggest high dietary intake of vitamin A can increase bone fracture risk. This investigation involved a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the association between vitamin A and fracture risk. Published literature was searched to find studies that (1) involved human participants, (2) had prospective cohort or case-control study designs, (3) contained original quantitative data on associations between dietary intake of vitamin A and fractures, and (4) provided either risk ratios (RRs), odds ratios (ORs), or hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) comparing various levels of vitamin A consumption to fracture risk. Thirteen studies met the review criteria. Meta-analyses indicated that risk of hip fracture was increased by high dietary intake of total vitamin A (RR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.07-1.57) or retinol (RR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.02-1.48). Hip fracture risk was reduced by high dietary intake of total carotene (RR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.42-0.93), β-carotene (RR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.58-0.89), or α-carotene (RR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.67-0.97). Total fracture risk was not associated with any vitamin A compound. High intake of total vitamin A or retinol increased hip fracture risk, while high intake of some carotenoids reduced hip fracture risk.

Gender difference in the association of dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins with kidney function in middle-aged and elderly Japanese.

Dietary intake modification is important for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, little is known about the association between dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins and kidney function based on gender difference. We examined the relationship of dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins with decreased kidney function according to gender in Japanese subjects. This population-based, cross-sectional study included 936 Japanese participants with the age of 40 years or older. A validated brief self-administered diet history questionnaire was used to measure dietary intakes of vitamin E and its four isoforms, vitamin A and vitamin C. Decreased kidney function was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1·73 m2. A total of 498 (53·2 %) of the study participants were women. Mean age was 62·4 ± 11·3 years. Overall, 157 subjects met the criteria of decreased kidney function. In the fully adjusted model, a high vitamin E intake is inversely associated with decreased kidney function in women (odds ratio, 0·886; 95 % confidence interval, 0·786-0·998), whereas vitamin E intake was not associated with decreased kidney function (odds ratio, 0·931; 95 % confidence interval, 0·811-1·069) in men. No significant association between dietary intake of vitamins A and C and decreased kidney function was observed in women and men. Higher dietary intake of vitamin E was inversely associated with decreased kidney function in middle-aged and older women, and the result may provide insight into the more tailored dietary approaches to prevent CKD.

Evaluating current egg consumption patterns: Associations with diet quality, nutrition and health status in the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey

AbstractDietary habits are constantly evolving with changes in culture, economics and the food supply. In the UK, red meat intakes have been declining for more than a decade, while egg consumption has increased in tandem with interest in healthy, sustainable diets. To explore current dietary habits of egg consumers and non‐consumers and potential implications for nutrition and health, we analysed dietary records from 647 adults participating in Year 9 (2017) of the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS). Mean consumption of eggs and egg dishes was 29 g/day (3.5 eggs/week). Female egg consumers (n = 224; mean 46 g/day, 5 eggs/week) ate more fruit, vegetables and fish and had significantly higher dietary intakes of protein, monounsaturated fatty acids, n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and most micronutrients, notably vitamin D, most B vitamins, vitamin C, iron, zinc and selenium, compared with non‐consumers (n = 150). They also had higher plasma levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, total carotenoids, selenium and ferritin and were less likely to be anaemic. Female egg consumers had a lower mean body mass index and waist circumference, despite reporting a higher mean energy intake than non‐consumers. Male egg consumers (n = 159; mean 54 g/day, 6 eggs/week) had higher dietary intakes of vitamin D, biotin, iodine and selenium but similar micronutrient status and bodyweight to non‐consumers (n = 114). There were no significant differences in cardiometabolic risk factors for either sex. Egg consumption appears to be associated with signs of higher dietary quality, better nutritional status, and slightly lower body mass index among women participating in the latest NDNS.

Abstract 4646: Association between dietary vitamin B intake and risk of endometrial cancer in the prospective Singapore Chinese Health Study

Abstract Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the 6th most common cancer worldwide. However, only few studies addressed dietary factors influencing EC risk in Asia. We explored the association between dietary risk factors and endometrial cancer in the prospective Singapore Chinese Health Study. Methods: A population of 34,028 ethnically Chinese women aged 45-74 residing in Singapore were enrolled in a longitudinal prospective cohort study between 1993 and 1998, and followed up to Dec 31, 2010. Data on baseline demographics, dietary, and reproductive factors were collected via a structured questionnaire. Endometrial cancer cases were identified from the Singapore Cancer Registry. Poisson regression was used to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) on established and dietary risk factors. Results: 166 EC cases were identified (age 53.6±7.2; BMI 24.1±3.3). Obesity (IRR=1.84, 95%CI 1.06-3.06) and having a higher number of live births (IRR=0.43, 95%CI 0.24-0.79, 5+ vs nulliparous) were associated with EC. Overall, compared with the lowest quartile, elevated risk of EC was observed for the highest quartile of dietary thiamine (IRR 1.74, 95%CI 1.02-2.58), riboflavin (IRR 1.58, 95%CI 1.01-2.53), vitamin B6 (IRR 1.71, 95%CI 1.07-2.80), and folate (IRR1.56, 95%CI 1.00-2.47). The highest quartiles of riboflavin (IRR 1.74, 95%CI 1.00-3.12), vitamin B6 (IRR 1.91, 95%CI 1.04-3.65), and folate (IRR 1.89, 95%CI 1.01-3.64) were associated with elevated EC risk in postmenopausal women, but not among premenopausal women. Conclusion: Obesity, parity, and higher intake of dietary vitamin B were associated with elevated EC risk in our analysis. More studies are needed to evaluate the association of supplementary vitamin B complex and EC risk. Citation Format: Ming Lei, Shalkar Adambekov, Robert Edwards, Renwei Wang, Jianmin Yuan, Samia Lopa, Faina Linkov. Association between dietary vitamin B intake and risk of endometrial cancer in the prospective Singapore Chinese Health Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4646.

Interactions Between Vitamin D and Calcium Intake, Vitamin D Receptor Genetic Polymorphisms, and Colorectal Cancer Risk.

Vitamin D has anticarcinogenic properties and acts through vitamin D receptor (VDR) to carry out its functions. This study explored the independent and combined effects of dietary vitamin D and calcium, and VDR genetic polymorphisms on colorectal cancer risk in a Chinese population. This ongoing case-control study recruited 488 cases with histologically confirmed colorectal cancer and 496 sex- and age-matched controls. Vitamin D and calcium intakes were assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire, and VDR genotype was conducted for Fok I (rs2228570), Bsm I (rs1544410), Apa I (rs7975232), and Taq I (rs731236). Unconditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio and 95% confidence interval after adjusting for various confounders. No significant association was found between Fok I, Bsm I, Apa I, Taq I, and colorectal cancer risk. Higher intakes of dietary vitamin D and calcium were associated with 47% and 50% reduction in colorectal cancer risk. Significant interaction was observed between dietary vitamin D intake and Apa I polymorphisms in relation to colorectal cancer risk (Pinteraction = 0.006). Subjects with higher dietary vitamin D intake and mutant Apa I A allele had a substantially decreased risk of colorectal cancer compared to Apa I aa carriers with lower vitamin D intake. Our study supports that Apa I may interact with dietary vitamin D intake on colorectal cancer risk. However, no interactions were found between dietary vitamin D or calcium intakes and Fok I, Bsm I, and Taq I in relation to colorectal cancer risk.

Association Between Ready-to-Eat Cereal Consumption and Serum Level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in US Children and Adults, NHANES 2013–2014

Abstract Objectives Previous studies have shown that consumption of ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal is associated with higher dietary intake of vitamin D; however, little is known about the association between RTE cereal consumption and vitamin D status measured by the serum biomarker, 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The study was conducted to examine association between consumption of RTE cereal and serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, the clinical biomarker for vitamin D status in children and adults in the United States. Methods Children aged 1–18 years old (N = 2553) and adults aged 19 years or older (N = 4901) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013–2014 were included in the study. Day 1 dietary data were used to classify participants by RTE cereal consumption status. Vitamin D deficiency and inadequacy were assessed by serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitaminD using cut-off values recommended by the National Academy of Medicine. Adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using survey logistic regression for associations between RTEC consumption and vitamin D status in children and adults. Results Both children and adults who reported RTE cereal consumption had a significantly higher level of serum 25-hydroxyitamin D than children and adults who did not consume RTE cereal (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, family income to poverty ratio, season of data collection, and use of vitamin D containing supplements, children who consumed RTE cereal were less likely to have vitamin D inadequacy than non-eaters (aOR = 0.48, 95% CI = [0.34, 0.68]). In adults, RTEC eaters were less likely to have vitamin D deficiency than non-eaters (aOR = 0.52, 95% CI = [0.28, 0.97]). Conclusions Consumption of RTE cereal is associated with better vitamin D status in both children and adults in the United States. Funding Sources The study was funded by the Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Inc.

Dietary Vitamin D, Vitamin D Metabolism-Related Gene Polymorphisms and Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Chinese Case-Control Study

Abstract Objectives Vitamin D has anticarcinogenic properties. Vitamin D metabolism-related gene polymorphisms can influence vitamin D levels and its impact on carcinogenesis. This study aimed to explore the independent and combined effects of dietary vitamin D and vitamin D metabolism-related gene polymorphisms on colorectal cancer risk in a Chinese population. Methods Incident cases with histologically confirmed colorectal cancer, and sex and age-matched controls were recruited in this ongoing case-control study. Of them, 488 cases and 496 controls were both successfully interviewed and collected blood samples. Vitamin D intake was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Genotyping was performed for CYP2R1 rs10741657, CYP2R1 rs12794714, CYP24A1 rs6013897, CYP24A1 rs6068816, CYP27B1 rs4646536 and GC rs7041 by using an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction (iMLDR) technique. Unconditional multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) after adjusting for various confounders. Results Higher intake of dietary vitamin D was associated with 47% reduction in colorectal cancer with OR of 0.53 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.82) for the highest quartile (vs. lowest quartile) intake. Compared with persons with CYP24A1 rs6068816 CC genotype, lower risk of colorectal cancer was observed among carriers of TT genotype (OR = 0.57, 95%CI 0.36, 0.89). No significant association was found between CYP2R1 rs10741657, CYP2R1 rs12794714, CYP24A1 rs6013897, CYP27B1 rs4646536, GC rs7041 and colorectal cancer risk. No significant interaction was observed between dietary vitamin D intake and six examined single nucleotide polymorphisms on the risk of colorectal cancer. Conclusions Our study supports a protective effect of high intake of dietary vitamin D on colorectal cancer. CYP24A1 rs6068816 TT genotype was significantly associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer. No interaction was observed between dietary vitamin D intake and six examined single nucleotide polymorphisms in a Chinese population. Funding Sources Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (No: 2019A1515011931).

Dietary vitamin A intake and the risk of ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated some associations between dietary vitamin A intake and ovarian cancer risk with an inconsistent relationship. We therefore performed the present study to further explore the association between them.METHODS: Databases of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were retrieved up to September 1, 2019. Summarized relative risk (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Stata 14.0 software was used for data analysis.RESULTS: Fifteen articles involving 4882 cases and 443,179 participants were included in this meta-analysis. A positive association between dietary vitamin A intake and ovarian cancer risk was found (RR = 0.816, 95%CI = 0.723–0.920, I2 = 48.4%, P for heterogeneity = 0.019). Significant association was also found in case–control studies (RR = 0.769, 95%CI = 0.655–0.902), but not in cohort studies. When we performed the analysis between ovarian cancer risk and geographic locations, we found an inverse association in North American populations (RR = 0.825, 95%CI = 0.720–0.946), instead of other populations.CONCLUSIONS: In summary, findings from the present study suggested that higher dietary intake of vitamin A may contribute to the lower development of ovarian cancer, especially among North Americans.

Comparison between Supplementation and a Diet High in Vitamins A, C, E on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Cardiometabolic Risk

Cardiometabolic risk refers to interrelated traditional risk factors for metabolic syndrome such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia as well as behavioral factors such as physical inactivity, smoking, and unhealthy eating patterns. Family history, age, sex, and race/ethnicity also contribute to cardiometabolic risk. Currently Mexico has presented an increase in cases of obesity, according to the OCDE, Mexico is the second country, after the United States, with higher degree of obesity in the adult population. Oxidative stress and inflammation play a central role in the onset and development of many of the diseases that appear in patients with cardiometabolic risk, due to this an alternative in the treatment would be the use of antioxidants such as vitamins A, C and E. High dietary intake of vitamin C, carotenoids, and vitamin E have been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality, but these associations have not shown conclusive results. In addition, there is controversy between whether it is better to supplement these vitamins or include them in diet foods.Therefore, the objective of this work was to compare the effect between foods and supplements with a high contribution of vitamin C, A and E on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with cardiometabolic risk. The sample selection is from voluntary subjects and consists of 30 people between 30 and 60 years of age who present cardiometabolic risk factors, which were divided into two groups, one received the vitamins in supplements and the other in the food of the diet for 90 days. At the beginning and the end of the treatment, anthropometric measurements, biochemical determinations such as glucose and lipid profile, as well as markers of inflammation (IL‐6 and TNF‐α) and oxidative stress (TBARS and Glutathione) were performed.On average the patients was 33.4 years old and they had a BMI of 34.5. Women had a waist circumference of 88 cm and 102 cm for men which most were obese. In addition, patients had impaired fasting glucose levels (105.4 mg/dL) and low HDL levels (Men: 31.3 mg/dL; Women: 42 mg/dL). As they were patients with cardiometabolic risk presented oxidative stress and inflammation. The consumption of supplements showed a greater effect in reducing these parameters since were higher doses that can’t be achieved with diet foods. The results indicate that consumption of vitamins A, C and E in patients with cardiometabolic risk is a tool that can complement the treatment of these patients because it helps reduce oxidative stress and inflammation due to its antioxidant effects.Support or Funding InformationThis project was sponsored by the Instituto de Investigaciones de la Universidad de Morelia S.C.