Higher Depression Research Articles

Clinical and Radiological Predictors of Slower and Non-Improvement Following Surgical Treatment of L4-5 Degenerative Spondylolisthesis: Preliminary Results.

Retrospective cohort. To identify the predictors of slower and non-improvement following surgical treatment of L4-5 degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS). There is limited evidence regarding clinical and radiological predictors of slower and non-improvement following surgery for L4-5 DLS. Patients who underwent minimally invasive decompression or fusion for L4-5 DLS and had a minimum of 1-year follow-up were included. Outcome measures were: (1) minimal clinically important difference (MCID), (2) patient acceptable symptom state (PASS), and (3) global rating change (GRC). Clinical variables analyzed for predictors were age, gender, body mass index (BMI), surgery type, comorbidities, anxiety, depression, smoking, osteoporosis, and preoperative patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) (Oswestry Disability Index, ODI; Visual Analog Scale, VAS back and leg; 12-Item Short Form Survey Physical Component Score, SF-12 PCS). Radiological variables analyzed were slip percentage, translational and angular motion, facet diastasis/cyst/orientation, laterolisthesis, disc height, scoliosis, main and fractional curve Cobb angles, and spinopelvic parameters. 233 patients (37% decompression, 63% fusion) were included. At <3 months, high pelvic tilt (PT) (OR 0.92, P 0.02) and depression (OR 0.28, P 0.02) were predictors of MCID non-achievement and GRC non-betterment, respectively. Neither retained significance at >6 months and hence, were identified as predictors of slower improvement. At >6 months, low preoperative VAS leg (OR 1.26, P 0.01) and high facet orientation (OR 0.95, P 0.03) were predictors of MCID non-achievement, high L4-5 slip percentage (OR 0.86, P 0.03) and L5-S1 angular motion (OR 0.78, P 0.01) were predictors of GRC non-betterment, and high preoperative ODI (OR 0.96, P 0.04) was a predictor of PASS non-achievement. High PT and depression were predictors of slower improvement and low preoperative leg pain, high disability, high facet orientation, high slip percentage, and L5-S1 angular motion were predictors of non-improvement. However, these are preliminary findings and further studies with homogeneous cohorts are required to establish these findings.

Identification of distinct symptom profiles in prostate cancer patients with cancer-related cognitive impairment undergoing androgen deprivation therapy: A latent class analysis

ObjectiveTo identify latent classes of cognitive impairment and co-occurring symptoms (fatigue, pain, sleep disturbance, depression) as clusters in patients with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy and to explore the predictors among distinct latent classes. MethodsA total of 228 patients with prostate cancer were recruited in this cross-sectional study. The assessment instrument included the Perceived Cognitive Impairment Scale, the Fatigue Severity Scale, the Athens Insomnia Scale, the Brief Pain Inventory, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the UCLA Loneliness Scale, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form, the Charlson comorbidity index, and General Information questionnaire. The identification of different patient subgroups was done by the latent class analysis. ResultsThe study identified three distinct latent classes: all low symptoms (class 1, 32%), high depression symptoms (class 2, 37.7%), and high physical symptoms (fatigue, sleep disturbance, and pain) with high cognitive impairment (class 3, 30.3%). Patients who had higher Charlson comorbidity index (P = 0.003) scores were more likely to be classified in class 3. Patients with higher loneliness scores (P < 0.001; P < 0.001) were significantly more likely to fall into class two or three than in class 1. However, having a higher level of physical activity (P = 0.014; P < 0.001) increased the likelihood of being in class 1. ConclusionsThis study exhibited the inter-individual variability of symptom experience in prostate cancer patients with cognitive impairment undergoing androgen deprivation therapy. The result suggests that more emphasis should be placed on screening for fatigue, sleep disturbance, and pain, and future interventions should focus on loneliness and physical activity.

Depression as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and cognitive impairment in people aged 25-44 years

Aim. To establish associations between the depression level as an independent cardiovascular risk factor and cognitive impairment (patterns of memory, attention and thinking) in people aged 25-44 years.Material and methods. In 2013-2016, a random representative sample of people aged 25-44 years was studied in one of the Novosibirsk districts. A total of 463 men (mean age 35,94±5,96 years) and 546 women (mean age 36,17±5,99 years) were examined. Standardized tests were used to assess cognitive function. Depression level was assessed according to the MOPSY (MONICA-psychosocial) World Health Organization program criteria.Results. In the surveyed random representative sample of people aged 25-44 years, the prevalence of higher education was the highest (60,5%). The depression prevalence in women was higher than in men: high depression level — 15,84 and 8,64%; the mean depression level was 25,71 and 21,3%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the attention stability according to the dot cancellation test at a moderate and high depression level was reduced only in men with higher education, compared with those without depression (p=0,018). In persons of both sexes with secondary professional education in a random representative sample of persons aged 25-44 years, associations between depression and memory pattern disturbances were identified. In the resulting multivariate model, men in a random representative sample of persons aged 25-44 years without depression did not have any cognitive impairment in patterns of memory, attention and thinking.Conclusion. An association has been established between the depression and cognitive impairment (patterns of memory, attention and thinking) in people aged 25-44 years.

Prevalence of depression among older people in Iraq

Prevalence of depression among older people in Iraq

Prevalence of depression among older people in Iraq

Background: The global prevalence of mental disorders, including depression, has steadily increased. Objective: To identifying the prevalence rate of depression and the related predictors among old-age people in Iraq. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to November 2021. A random sampling technique was employed to gather information from the old age patients during their routine visits to outpatient clinic of three public hospitals (Baquba, Ramadi, Samarra), in Iraq. Data collection involved the utilization of a semi-structured questionnaire incorporating the validated Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-30) administered through face-to-face interviews. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the relationships between variables in the study. SPSS version 16 was utilized for data analysis, with statistical significance set at a threshold below 0.05. Results: Data of 344 old-age respondents (range 60-81 years) with a mean age of 75.15 (± 7.52) years have undergone final analysis. More than half were males (50.6%), married (62.2%), ranked themselves as unhealthy (72.4%), physically inactive (70.6%), and financially dependent (71.8%). The overall prevalence of depression was 74.4%. Logistic regression revealed significant associations: elderly females had 3.805 times higher risk (P&lt;0.001,95% CI: 1.999 to 5.241), unhealthy individuals had 2.379 times (P&lt;0.001, 95% CI 1.657 to 3.415), limited activities of daily living (ADL) had 2.650 times (P =0.001, 95% CI: 1.076 to 3.902), and those lacking family support had1.799 times (P = 0.003, 95% CI: 1.040 to 3.746) than their counterparts. Conclusion: High depression rates and multiple risk factors necessitate the urgent need for health and political intervention to support patients and promote greater social participation.

Using machine learning to develop a five-item short form of the children’s depression inventory

BackgroundMany adolescents experience depression that often goes undetected and untreated. Identifying children and adolescents at a high risk of depression in a timely manner is an urgent concern. While the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) is widely utilized in China, it lacks a localized revision or simplified version. With its 27 items requiring professional administration, the original CDI proves to be a time-consuming method for predicting children and adolescents with high depression risk. Hence, this study aimed to develop a shortened version of the CDI to predict high depression risk, thereby enhancing the efficiency of prediction and intervention.MethodsInitially, backward elimination is conducted to identify various version of the short-form scales (e.g., three-item and five-item versions). Subsequently, the performance of five machine learning (ML) algorithms on these versions is evaluated using the area under the ROC curve (AUC) to determine the best algorithm. The chosen algorithm is then utilized to model the short-form scales, facilitating the identification of the optimal short-form scale based on predefined evaluation metrics. Following this, evaluation metrics are computed for all potential decision thresholds of the optimal short-form scale, and the threshold value is determined. Finally, the reliability and validity of the optimal short-form scale are assessed using a new sample.ResultsThe study identified a five-item short-form CDI with a decision threshold of 4 as the most appropriate scale considering all assessment indicators. The scale had 81.48% fewer items than the original version, indicating good predictive performance (AUC = 0.81, Accuracy = 0.83, Recall = 0.76, Precision = 0.71). Based on the test of 315 middle school students, the results showed that the five-item CDI had good measurement indexes (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.72, criterion-related validity = 0.77).ConclusionsThis five-item short-form CDI is the first shortened and revised version of the CDI in China based on large local data samples.

Stress and Coping in Patients With Cancer With Depression and Sleep Disturbance.

To evaluate for differences in global, cancer-specific, and cumulative life stress, as well as resilience and use of various coping strategies among five groups (no depression or sleep disturbance, no depression and moderate sleep disturbance, subsyndromal depression and very high sleep disturbance, moderate depression and moderate sleep disturbance [Both Moderate]; and high depression and very high sleep disturbance [Both High]). Patients (N = 1,331) receiving chemotherapy were recruited from outpatient oncology clinics. Measures of global, cancer-specific, and cumulative life stress, resilience, and coping were obtained. Differences were evaluated using parametric and nonparametric tests. Global and cancer-specific stress scores increased as joint profiles worsened. Both Moderate and Both High classes had cancer-specific stress scores suggestive of post-traumatic stress. Both Moderate and Both High classes reported higher occurrence rates for several stressful life events and higher use of disengagement coping. Both Moderate and Both High classes had resilience scores below the normative score for the United States. Clinicians need to screen vulnerable patients for post-traumatic stress disorder and implement interventions to reduce stress.

Cultural assimilation of adult Syrian refugees in Lebanon: Effect modification by religiosity and sex on the relation between cultural adversities and common mental health disorders.

In this study, we aimed to explore the prevalence and determinants of common mental health disorders (CMHDs, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], depression, and anxiety) in Syrian refugees in Lebanon. Specifically, we examined how the associations between cultural adversities (discrimination, unemployment, and separation from family) and CMHDs are modified by levels of religiosity and sex. Between March and June 2017, a cross-sectional study was conducted targeting adult Arab Syrian refugees residing in Beirut and Southern Lebanon. Eligibility criteria comprised being a United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees-registered Syrian refugee residing in Lebanon, 18 years and older, and having no history of mental disorder or physical disability. A total of 191 refugees agreed to participate and complete a battery of six questionnaires. Exposures were measured using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Postmigration Living Difficulties Checklist, the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, and the Belief into Action Scale, while outcomes were measured using the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5 and the Depression and Anxiety Scale-21 Items. Half (50.3%) of our sample had high PTSD risk, 73.8% had high depression risk, and 73.8% had high anxiety risk. Stratified analysis revealed religiosity and sex to be effect modifiers of the associations between cultural adversities and CMHDs. Specifically, cultural adversities were only significantly associated with CMHDs in the low religiosity stratum and males. Only unemployment was a significant risk factor for PTSD in both males (OR = 4.53, 95% CI [1.44, 14.27]) and females (OR = 2.77, 95% CI [1.14, 6.74]). Religiosity and sex are effect modifiers of the associations between cultural adversities and CMHDs. Religious and spiritual interventions in mental health care should be adopted in refugee settings. Moreover, there is an urgent need for capacity-building initiatives addressing social determinants of mental health among Syrian refugees in Lebanon. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The relationship between maternal-infant bonding and postpartum depression/anxiety: moderating effect of childhood psychological abuse and validation of the Mother-to-Infant Bonding scale (MIBS-8) in Arabic

BackgroundThe emotional bond that a mother senses to her infant is essential to their social, emotional, and cognitive development. Understanding the level of mother-infant bonding plays an imperative role in the excellence of care. However, in Lebanon, there is a paucity of information about mother-infant bonding in the postpartum period. Given that Lebanese pregnant women constitute an important part of the population to look at, the objectives of the study were to (1) validate the Arabic version of the mother–infant bonding scale and (2) the relation between mother-infant bond and postpartum depression/anxiety; (3) the moderating effect of child abuse in the association between mother-infant bond and postpartum depression/anxiety.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 until June 2023, enrolling 438 women 4–6 weeks after delivery (mean age: 31.23 ± 5.24 years). To examine the factor structure of the mother-infant bond scale, we used an Exploratory-Confirmatory (EFA-CFA) strategy. To check if the model was adequate, several fit indices were calculated: the normed model chi-square (χ2/df), the Steiger-Lind root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) and the comparative fit index (CFI).ResultsEFA was conducted on the first subsample. Three items were removed. The five items remaining loaded on one factor, which explained 73.03% of the common variance (ω = .91 / α = .90). After adding a correlation between residuals for items 2–7 and 5–8, fit indices of the CFA results were acceptable: χ2/df = 6.97/3 = 2.32, RMSEA = .068 (90% CI .001, .135), SRMR = .017, CFI = .996, TLI = .988. The interaction maternal-infant bonding by child psychological abuse was significantly associated with depression and anxiety respectively. At low, moderate and high levels of child psychological abuse, higher maternal-infant bonding scores (greater difficulty in bonding) were significantly associated with higher depression and higher anxiety respectively.ConclusionThis study provides, for the first time, a specific Arabic scale to assess mother-infant bonding reliably and validly. Furthermore, our study has suggested the existence of factors that have additive effects in potentiating the risk for depression and anxiety among Lebanese postpartum women, namely a history of psychological child abuse. Therefore, laborious awareness programs and healthcare services need to be implemented in order to prevent maternal mental health disorders from being unrecognized and left untreated.

The association of domestic violence during pregnancy with maternal psychological well-being in the early postpartum period: A sample from women with low socioeconomic status in Eastern Turkey

AimTo examine the association of women's exposure to domestic violence during pregnancy with postpartum maternal psychological well-being (postpartum depression and anxiety) in the early postpartum period. MethodsThe sample of this descriptive correlational research study comprised 358 women. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, the Domestic Violence Screening Tool, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale. The one-way multivariate analysis of variance, and a multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to analysis of data. ResultsThe mean scores of the HITS, the EPDS, and the PSAS were 6.00±16.00, 7.47±5.57, and 72.02±18.63 respectively. Considering the cut-off values of the scales, the women were found to be at risk for exposure to domestic violence (20.1%), postpartum depression (24%), and postpartum anxiety (11.2%). Education level and having social security was significantly associated with women's HITS and PSAS score.Women with high mean domestic violence scores had high mean postpartum depression and postpartum anxiety scores. Women's mean domestic violence and postpartum anxiety scores were significantly and positively associated with their mean postpartum depression scores (p < 0.001). ConclusionThe results of this study revealed that women were frequently exposed to DV during pregnancy, education level and social security were important predictors of exposure to DV, and that DV associated with postpartum depression and postpartum anxiety. Exposure to DV and postpartum anxiety increased the risk of postpartum depression. It is recommended to integrate screening, guidance, and supportive counseling practices into routine antenatal care to improve the mental health of pregnant women at risk.

Characteristics of higher depressive tendency in the patients with olfactory disorder.

Most patients with olfactory dysfunction experience stress and anxiety because of the inconvenience and changes caused by the loss of olfaction. However, psychological assessment is not performed routinely in patients with olfactory dysfunction, and the characteristics of these patients with psychological depression are unclear. In this study, we used the Self-rating Depression Scale to evaluate the degree of depression in patients who visited our clinic with olfactory dysfunction and examine the characteristics of these patients with strong depressive tendencies. Patients who visited our clinic between April 2019 and March 2020 with complaints of olfactory dysfunction were included in the study. A total of 180 patients (79 male and 101 female) underwent olfactory examination and completed the Self-rating Depression Scale. Eighty-six and 94 patients were included in the low depression and high depression groups, respectively. Binomial logistic regression analysis showed significant positive associations of Self-rating Depression Scale scores with female sex and the presence of parosmia/phantosmia (p < 0.05). In our study, approximately half of the patients with olfactory dysfunction had depressive tendencies especially in female and parosmia/phantosmia patients. We believe that psychological assessments, such as that with the SDS, can help identify patients with olfactory dysfunction who may be at a greater risk of developing depression.

Race by Sex Intersectional Differences in the Association between Allostatic Load and Depression in US Adults: 2005-2018.

Previous research has underscored the link between allostatic load-a comprehensive indicator of the cumulative physiological burden of chronic stress-and depression. However, there remains a significant gap in understanding how this relationship may differ across race and sex intersectional groups. This study aimed to investigate variations in the association between elevated allostatic load (AL>4) and depression among different race-sex intersectional groups within the general population. This cross-sectional secondary analysis utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2005-2018. The analysis included variables such as race, sex, age, socioeconomic status, depression (measured via the Patient Health Questionnaire - PHQ), and allostatic load. Linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the interactions between race and sex with allostatic load, focusing on the likelihood of high depression as the outcome. Across the pooled sample, an allostatic load greater than 4 was significantly associated with increased depression. Notably, an interaction effect was observed between race and AL>4 on depression among women, indicating that non-Hispanic Black women with a high allostatic load exhibited more pronounced depressive symptoms (Beta: 1.09, CI: 0.02-2.61). Conversely, among men, allostatic load greater than 4 neither correlated with nor interacted with race to influence depression levels. The study highlights the critical need to consider allostatic load as a key intervention point for preventing or reducing depression, particularly among Black women. These findings underscore the necessity for customized intervention strategies that address the nuanced race-sex disparities in the impact of allostatic load on mental health across populations.

EVALUATION OF SOME COMMON GERIATRIC SYNDROMES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG OLDER PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS

Objectives: To evaluate some common geriatric syndromes and their associations with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older people with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study on 184 older patients with knee OA treated at National Geriatric Hospital from May to August 2022. HRQoL was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. Geriatric syndromes were assessed. Results: Some common geriatric syndromes in elderly knee OA patients were sleep disorders (72.3%), polypharmacy (54.3%), depression (48.4%), high risk of falls (45.1%), malnutrition and at risk of malnutrition (45.1%), IADL impairment (35.9%), and ADL impairment (32.6%). Cognitive impairment accounted for the lowest proportion (20.7%). There are significant associations between HRQoL and geriatric syndromes (malnutrition, ADL and IADL impairment, high fall risk, cognitive impairment, depression, and sleep disturbance). Patients with the presence of these geriatric syndromes have a poorer quality of life (QoL), in most aspects of HRQoL such as mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of geriatric syndromes in older people with knee OA. Most of these geriatric syndromes were related to the aspects of the patients’ QoL.

Abnormal neural sensitivity to rewards as a candidate process of high depression risk in the FMR1 premutation: A pilot study

The etiological heterogeneity of depression poses a challenge for prevention and intervention efforts. One solution is to map unique etiological pathways for subgroups defined by a singular risk factor. A relevant population for this approach is women who carry the premutation of the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMR1) gene, who are at high risk for adult-onset depression. This study explores a candidate neurophysiological marker of depression risk: reduced reward sensitivity, indexed by the reward positivity (RewP). The RewP has been linked to depression risk in the general population, but is unexplored within FMR1 premutation carriers. 16 women with the FMR1 premutation and a matched control group completed a simple guessing task while the electroencephalogram was recorded. Among premutation carriers, RewP difference score (win versus loss) was reduced. These preliminary finding suggest that the FMR1 premutation may confer increased risk for depression in part through abnormal neural sensitivity to rewards.

Perceived social support and mental health outcomes among perinatally HIV positive children in Gondar healthcare centers, North-Western Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Children with chronic illness are found to be at greater risk for psychiatric problems, including depression, anxiety and feelings of isolation. Particularly, HIV positive children in underdeveloped nations are more likely experiencing psychological disorders and live with socially alienated social support systems. In present study, institution-based cross-sectional research design was employed to assess the prevalence of mental health distress among HIV positive children 115(F = 69) in Ethiopia. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select participants. Quantitative data were collected with standardized instruments. Nurse Counsellors and case managers from the children’s ART department participated in sample selection and data collection under the close supervision of a researcher. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the quantitative data. The key findings of this study revealed that 57.4% HIV positive children reported high level in measures of anxiety and 52.2% had high depression level, while 47.8% had low self-esteem. Children’s ages, parental conditions, and perceived social support shown significant association with participants’ mental health condition. Perceived social support was a powerful set of predictors of children level of anxiety F = 1, 113 24.526, p < .001 and self-esteem F = 1, 113 6.494, p < .0.05. Furthermore, children’s age was a strong predictor of mental health status. The present study finding asserted that HIV positive children require a lifetime of continuous treatment, care and support to ensure their physical and mental development. This study reminds families, caregivers and healthcare institutions of the development of appropriate prevention and intervention program to alleviate stressful life events and improve the psychological well-being of HIV positive children.

Evolution of Depression and Anxiety among Breast Cancer Patients: a prospective analysis using clinical, biological and genetic factors

IntroductionNumerous studies have explored the symptoms and course of depression and anxiety in breast cancer patients and identified various clinical, sociodemographic, and genetic factors associated with their evolution. Nevertheless, these studies have been limited in duration and have focused on specific time points during chemotherapy or post-treatment follow-up. Furthermore, these studies included patients receiving different treatment regimens and used different tools to assess symptoms.Objectives To assess the prospective evolution of depression in breast cancer patients over eight consecutive chemotherapy cycles, taking into account sociodemographic, clinical, biological, and genetic factors.MethodsA prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 69 breast cancer patients treated with intravenous chemotherapy at the oncology outpatient unit of the Hôtel-Dieu de France hospital (2017-2019; Ethics: CEHDF1016). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to evaluate anxiety and depression in patients. Genotyping was performed for several genes (ABCB1, COMT, DRD2, OPRM1, CLOCK, CRY2, PER2) using the Lightcycler® 2.0 (Roche).ResultsUnivariate repeated measures analysis showed differences in the evolution of depression and anxiety over time. For depression, a polynomial linear contrast for HADS-D scores was noted from cycle 1 to cycle 8, with a significant increase in depression at cycles 7 and 8 compared with cycle 1 (p-value cycle7=0.004 and p-valuecycle8=0.009; Figures 1 &amp; 2). Repeated measures analysis for anxiety showed a decrease in anxiety scores between cycles 1 and 6 of chemotherapy, followed by an increase starting cycle 6 (a polynomial trend for contrasts) (p-value cycle6 versus 1=0.038; Figures 1 &amp; 2). Multivariable analysis showed that higher anxiety and depression scores at baseline were both associated with higher depression and anxiety scores over time. Other clinical and genetic factors, including polymorphisms in the OPRM1, PER2, and COMT genes, were also significantly associated with higher depression and anxiety scores.Image:Image 2:ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of understanding the trajectories of depression and anxiety over time in women with breast cancer and identifying the triggering factors. Such personalized approaches would improve patient quality of life.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Association between non-penetrative sexual activities and depression in women with vaginismus: a cross-sectional study.

This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the association between non-penetrative sexual activities (NPSA) and depression levels in women diagnosed with vaginismus. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted between March 2016 and June 2019, after approval by the Fırat University Faculty of Medicine ethics committee. Participants comprised married women referred to our female sexual dysfunction outpatient clinic with vaginismus. Diagnosis of vaginismus was established following comprehensive evaluations, including gynecological examination and psychiatric assessment. Sociodemographic data and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores were collected. We compared depression levels between women who engaged in NPSA and those who did not. Of the 75 women with primary vaginismus included in the study, 18 did not engage in any NPSA and 57 engaged in at least one NPSA. The average BDI score of those who engaged in NPSA was significantly lower than those who did not. A negative correlation was found between the number of NPSA engaged in and BDI scores (r = -0.494). Women with vaginismus had high depression scores, but engaging in NPSA was associated with lower depression levels. The findings suggest that incorporating NPSA into clinical interventions may be beneficial for managing depression in women with vaginismus.

Exploring the symptom patterns of depression and anxiety among teachers during COVID-19: A latent profile analysis.

The present study used the latent profile analysis (LPA) approach to explore the symptom patterns of depression and anxiety among Chinese teachers during COVID-19 and its relationship with fear of COVID-19 and suicidal ideation. A sample of 6,121 teachers from primary and secondary schools in a district-level administrative unit in southern China was used. The LPA was employed to identify different symptom patterns of depression and anxiety. We subsequently used logistic regression to analyze the effects of demographic variables on the different profiles. The Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars method assessed the relationships between each profile and fear of COVID-19 and suicidal ideation. The study identified five significant latent profiles and two subtypes in the moderate psychological disorder group. We also found that gender, professional title, and age significantly influenced the distribution of the profiles. The risk for both fear of COVID-19 and suicidal ideation was highest in the severe psychological disorder group. The high anxiety subtype had a significantly greater fear of the new coronavirus epidemic than the high depression subtype, which had a significantly higher level of suicidal ideation than the high anxiety subtype. The profiles we identified have distinct features that confirm their unique patterns of symptom endorsement. Our study may have important implications for early warning and intervention in teacher mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Coparenting as a family-level construct: Parent and child inputs across the first two years.

This study examined the effects of infant negative affectivity (NA) and maternal and paternal depressive symptoms on fathers' and mothers' perceptions of coparenting across the first 2 years following an infant's birth. A total of 147 two-parent families (most couples were White, married, and living together) with healthy, full-term infants were recruited. At each time point, fathers and mothers separately reported their coparenting perceptions via the Coparenting Relationship Scale and their depressive symptoms using the depression subscale of Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. Mothers also reported their children's NA via the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised at 3 to 12 months and the Early Child Behavior Questionnaire at 18 and 24 months. Findings from growth curve models in an actor-partner interdependence model framework suggested that among parents with higher depression, there were steeper declines in coparenting quality reported by parents and their spouses across 3-24 months. In addition, three separate two-way interactions between variables including higher-than-usual parental and spousal depression, as well as higher-than-usual infant NA predicted poorer-than-usual coparenting experiences. Findings indicate that coparenting is a dynamically unfolding construct that is impacted by ongoing changes in the parents' social-ecological niche and suggest the need to consider both parent and child characteristics, and to include spousal influences, to get a comprehensive, whole-family understanding of levels and changes in coparenting relationships. The findings also confirm that coparenting dynamics may benefit from interventions engaging both couples and addressing multiple risk factors from both parents (e.g., depression) and children (e.g., NA).

Depression Among Pregnant and Breastfeeding Persons Participating in Two Randomized Trials of the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring and Oral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe.

Depression is associated with lower adherence to oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV, but data are not currently available on how depression may affect use of other HIV prevention methods including the dapivirine vaginal ring (DVR). We conducted a mixed methods study using data from the Microbicide Trials Network (MTN) 042/DELIVER (n = 558) and MTN-043/B-PROTECTED (n = 197) studies to describe the prevalence of depressive symptoms and explore how depressive symptoms may have influenced attitudes about use of the monthly DVR and once-daily oral PrEP tablet among pregnant and breastfeeding persons, respectively, in Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Eleven participants had high Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scores ≥ 10 in MTN-042/DELIVER (2%) and four participants (2%) in MTN-043/B-PROTECTED. In interviews with 9 participants who had high scores (6 DVR, 3 oral PrEP), those with depressive symptoms described overlapping stressors which were magnified by job loss and economic instability during the COVID-19 pandemic, and by experiences of pregnancy/postpartum. These participants experienced a lack of support from partners or family members, and conflict with partners related to trust, and infidelity. While we did not find evidence of a change in product adherence, there was a strong sense of commitment and motivation to use the study products for protection from HIV for participants themselves and their baby. Although lack of social support is usually an obstacle to adherence, in this study, the participants' lives and relationships seemed to have reinforced the need for HIV prevention and motivated women to protect themselves and their babies from HIV.