High-density Cholesterol Research Articles

Intensity Dependent Effects of Interval Resistance Training on Myokines and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Males With Obesity.

ObjectiveTo determine the effects of different intensities of interval resistance training (IRT) protocols on the levels of select myokines (decorin, follistatin, myostatin, activin A, transforming growth factor beta-1 [TGF-β1]), and cardiometabolic and anthropometric measures in males with obesity.MethodsForty-four obese males (age: 27.5 ± 9.4 yr.; height: 165.4 ± 2.8 cm; weight: 97.9 ± 2.6 kg and BMI: 35.7 ± 4.3 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n=11 per group): low-intensity interval resistance training (LIIRT), moderate-intensity interval resistance training (MIIRT), high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) or control (C). The LIIRT group performed 10 exercises in 3 sets of 40% (20 repetitions), the MIIRT group performed 10 exercises in three sets of 60% (13 repetitions), and the HIIRT group performed 10 exercises in three sets of 80% (10 repetitions) of one maximum repetition (1RM), which were followed with active rest of 20% of 1RM and 15 repetitions. The resistance training groups exercised ~70 min per session, 3 days per week, for 12 weeks. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of exercise training.ResultsBaseline levels of myokines, cardiovascular risk factors, anthropometry, body composition, and cardio-respiratory fitness were not different between the four groups (p>0.05). The group x time interactions for decorin, activin A, follistatin, myostatin, and TGF-β1, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density cholesterol (HDL), low-density cholesterol (LDL), anthropometry, body composition, and cardio-respiratory fitness were statistically significant (p<0.05). There were increases in post-test values for decorin, follistatin, HDL (p<0.05) and decreases in TC, TG, TGF-β1, LDL, and myostatin levels in the LIIRT, MIIRT, and HIIRT groups compared to pretest values (p<0.05). Changes in fat mass, VO2peak, HDL, TG, glucose, activin A, decorin were not significant in LIIRT compared to the control group, while changes in activin A, follistatin, and TFG-β1 levels were greater in HIIRT and MIIRT groups compared to the LIIRT group (p<0.05).ConclusionThe LIIRT, MIIRT, and HIIRT protocols all produced beneficial changes in decorin, activin A, follistatin, myostatin, and TGF-β1 levels, and cardiometabolic risk factors, with greater effects from the MIIRT and HIIRT protocols compared to LIIRT.

Effect of 4 Weeks of Progressive Resistance Training on Plasma Levels of Omentin-1 and Metabolic Factors in Diabetic Male Rats

Background and Objectives Omentin-1 is a new adipokine with a potential to increase insulin sensitivity, and is associated with lipid profile. There are limited studies on the effect of exercise on the serum level of Omentin-1. The present study aims to investigate the effect of progressive resistance training (PRT) on plasma level of omentin-1 and glycemic control in diabetic male rats. Subjects and Methods In this study, 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control, diabetic, and diabetic+PRT. The training group performed a PRT program using a ladder (three days a week, for 4 weeks). Body weight, glucose level, amentin-1 level, insulin level, and lipid profile were measured. Results The PRT significantly increased plasma levels of omentin-1 and triglycerides in the diabetic + PRT group compared to the diabetic group (P=0.017). There was no significant difference in high-density lipoprotein (F=0.318, P&gt;0.05), low-density lipoprotein (F=0.612, P&gt;0.05) and cholesterol (F=0.049, P&gt;0.05) levels between the study groups. Conclusion The PRT improves omentin-1 and insulin resistance in diabetic rats.

Association between Atherogenic Index and Cholesterol to HDL Ratio in COVID-19 Patients During the Initial Phase of Infection.

This case-control study aimed to assess pathologic alteration in the serum levels of the atherogenic index, cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HbA1c, and glucose in 158 COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in Erbil international hospital, Erbil, Iraq, between January and May 2020, in the early stage of infection. The patients were confirmed for SARS-CoV-2 on admission. The laboratory test results were compared between this group and a group of healthy individuals (n=158). A statistically significant difference was found between the studied factors in healthy controls and COVID-19 patients, except for low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P=0.13). In the case of COVID-19 patients, total levels of cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were significantly lower than controls (P<0.003). Triglyceride, VLDL cholesterol, atherogenic index, and total cholesterol to HDL ratio were found to be significantly higher in COVID-19 patients, compared to controls (P<0.005). Atherogenic index were found to be positively correlated with triglyceride (r=0.88, P=0.00), HbA1C (r=0.6, P=0.05), and glucose index (r= 0.62, P= 0.05), and the ratio of cholesterol to HDL (r=0.64, P=0.04). In contrast, no correlation was found between atherogenic index and cholesterol to HDL ratio in controls. The results of the current study indicated that risk factors for the cardiovascular disease increased in patients with COVID-19 infection, which included atherogenic index, cholesterol to HDL ratio, as well as the association between atherogenic index, and all were organized in one cluster. Therefore, lipids can perform a vital physiological function in patients infected with COVID-19.

0305 Irregularities in Sleep Duration and Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease across the Menstrual Cycle

Abstract Introduction Irregular sleep duration may disrupt circadian rhythms necessary for optimal cardiovascular function. Yet, few studies have examined irregular sleep duration in relation to cardiovascular health, particularly among diverse cohorts of reproductive-age women. This study examined associations between sleep duration irregularities across the menstrual cycle and cardiovascular disease biomarkers in a cohort of healthy, premenopausal women. Methods We utilized the BioCycle micro-longitudinal cohort study of 259 regularly menstruating women aged 18–44 years. This measurement-intense study collected cardiovascular disease biomarkers at key reproductive time-points along the menstrual cycle (approximately days 2,7,12,13,14,18,22,27 of a 28-day cycle) across two cycles. Specifically, we assessed serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Women recorded sleep duration in daily diaries concurrently. We computed a system of four mathematical measures, the L-moments, robust versions of location, dispersion, skewness, and kurtosis for series of recorded sleep durations. Using linear mixed models with random intercepts and inverse probability weighting we estimated associations between irregular sleep duration and cardiovascular disease biomarkers in all women and within a subset of non-white women. Adjusted analysis accounted for baseline characteristics and time-varying hormonal changes across the menstrual cycle. Results Woman-specific mean sleep duration ranged from 4.4 to 10.6 hours. A one-hour increase in dispersion of sleep duration was associated with a lower mean LDL and higher mean HDL for non-white women (-19.4%, 95%CI -30.9,-6.0% and 24.7%, 95%CI 8.2,43.0, respectively). Unbalanced (skewed) sleep duration, frequent short or long hours, was associated with higher mean CRP for all women and non-white women (99.3%, 95%CI 17.2,238.9 and 126.7%, 95%CI 3.1,398.2, respectively), but lower total cholesterol (-10.9%, 95%CI -19.9,-1.0). Finally, irregular sleep durations, extreme short and long sleep bouts (kurtosis), were associated with reduced mean HDL for all women, and non-white women (-17.1%, 95%CI -31.1,-0.2 and -25.4%, 95%CI -39.5,-8.0, respectively). Conclusion This micro-longitudinal study of premenopausal women found associations between irregularities in sleep duration and differences in CRP, LDL, HDL and total cholesterol, but not with triglycerides. These data suggest that even in young and healthy women, irregularities in sleep duration could have a potential impact on cardiometabolic health. Support (If Any) Dr. Dunietz was supported by a Mentored Research Scientist Development Award from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K01 HL144914). This work was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (authors KAM, JRF, EFS, SLM; The BioCycle Study was funded under the following intramural contracts: HHSN275200403394C HHSN275201100002I, and Task 1 HHSN27500001).

Abstract 423: Imatinib Promotes Reverse Cholesterol Transport And Elevates Sr-bi

Dyslipidemia is a cardiovascular risk factor for coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis that is characterized by elevated serum cholesterol and lipid levels. Although high-density lipoprotein-associated cholesterol (HDL-C) is associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular events, targeted therapy to increase HDL-C levels have been unsuccessful in altering outcomes of associated atherosclerotic disease. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in SCARB1 , the gene that encodes HDL receptor Scavenger Receptor B1 (SR-BI), are associated with dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We were the first to identify inherited mutations in SCARB1 that segregate with disease in a family with severe coronary artery disease and dyslipidemia, including elevated HDL. Our findings suggest that HDL function (vs. HDL-C concentration) may be a promising target for cholesterol-based therapy. Here, we performed an unbiased high throughput drug screen with 788 FDA-approved compounds, using HepG2 cells to measure endogenous HDL binding. We identified five compounds that significantly increased endogenous HDL binding: imatinib, trimethoprim, eszopiclone, clemastine, and mepenzolate, of which, imatinib was the only compound to increase SR-BI expression. Imatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is a chemotherapeutic agent designed to treat individuals with chronic myeloid leukemia. Limited clinical evidence suggests a reduction in total cholesterol with 400mg/day imatinib. Additionally, imatinib treatment (150mg/kg) in mouse models of atherosclerosis reduces total cholesterol. Yet, no data is available on the effects of imatinib on HDL and reverse cholesterol transport. We have found that imatinib promotes HDL binding and SR-BI expression in vitro . Furthermore, in wildtype C57Bl/6 mice on a high fat, high cholesterol diet, imatinib treatment (50mg/kg) was sufficient to decrease plasma total cholesterol, HDL-C and triglyceride levels and elevate hepatic SR-BI expression. In summary, our data supports the exploration of imatinib-mediated SR-BI regulation, HDL metabolism, and RCT pathway to identify new therapeutic targets for dyslipidemia.

New inflammatory biomarkers (lymphocyte and monocyte percentage to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and lymphocyte to monocyte percentage ratio) and their association with some cardiometabolic diseases : Results from alarge Kurdish cohort study in Iran.

The incidence of metabolic heart diseases has increased significantly in Middle Eastern countries such as Iran. The present study aimed to investigate the association between monocyte percentage to high-density cholesterol ratio (MHR), lymphocyte percentage to high-density cholesterol ratio (LHR), and lymphocyte to monocyte percentage ratio (LMR) and cardiometabolic diseases in aKurdish population in the west of Iran. This study recruited 9803 individuals, 4728 (48.2%) were male and 5084 (51.8%) were female from Ravansar, Iran. All biomarkers were analyzed by the standard methods. The prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases was higher in overweight/obese participants and increased with age. MHR and LHR increased significantly in cardiometabolic individuals compared with healthy controls. Individuals in the fourth quartiles of LHR and MHR had higher odds ratio (ORs) for metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes mellitus (DM) than the first quartiles. The LMR had astatistical association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ORs and FLI. Besides, all these associations were stronger for females, and increased physical activity decreased inflammatory biomarkers. The present study showed MHR and LHR had significant associations with ORs of MetS and DM. Also, MHR and LHR had asignificant positive correlation with cardiometabolic risk factors. The LMR only had astatistical association with NAFLD and fatty liver index (FLI). Besides, the strong correlation between inflammatory biomarkers and cardiometabolic risk factors in females might be relevant to higher fat accumulation and metabolic inflammation background, and lower physical activity.

Clinical Significance of Peptidase M20 Domain Containing 1 Ii Patients with Carotid Atherosclerosis.

ResumoFundamento A aterosclerose é a principal causa da maioria das doenças cardiovasculares, e novos biomarcadores para essa condição são sempre necessários. O domínio da peptidase M20 contendo 1 (PM20D1) está associado ao metabolismo lipídico e à obesidade. No entanto, nenhum estudo se concentra no papel do PM20D1 na aterosclerose carotídea.Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o papel do PM20D1 em pacientes com aterosclerose carotídea.Métodos Estudo observacional prospectivo conduzido com um total de 231 pacientes com aterosclerose carotídea que estiveram em nosso departamento entre julho de 2018 e dezembro de 2019. Amostras de sangue e dados médicas foram obtidos de outros 231 indivíduos saudáveis com o mesmo índice de massa corporal (IMC) dos pacientes com aterosclerose carotídea. O PM20D1 sérico foi determinado por ensaio imunossorvente ligado a enzima (ELISA). As características clínicas e demográficas de todos os pacientes foram listadas, incluindo idade, sexo biológico, IMC e histórico médico. Os níveis de proteína C reativa (PCR), fator de necrose tumoral, homocisteína, colesterol total, triglicerídeos, leptina-colesterol de alta densidade e leptina-colesterol de baixa densidade foram registrados. Realizou-se análise estatística no software SPSS, com p<0,05 considerado estatisticamente significante.Resultados Os níveis séricos de PM20D1 foram marcadamente mais baixos em pacientes com aterosclerose carotídea comparados aos controles saudáveis, sendo significativamente mais baixos em pacientes com aterosclerose carotídea grave e pacientes com aterosclerose carotídea/acidente vascular cerebral. Pacientes com placas instáveis apresentaram PM20D1 marcadamente menor quando comparados a pacientes com placas estáveis. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada entre pacientes com aterosclerose carotídea com diferentes IMC. Pacientes com níveis mais elevados de PM20D1 apresentaram expressão significativamente menor de PCR, fator de necrose tumoral, homocisteína, triglicerídeos, colesterol total e colesterol de baixa densidade. PM20D1 correlacionou-se negativamente com PCR, fator de necrose tumoral, homocisteína, colesterol total e leptina de baixa densidade em pacientes com aterosclerose carotídea, podendo ser usado como biomarcador para pacientes com aterosclerose carotídea grave ou com aterosclerose carotídea e acidente vascular cerebral. Sexo biológico, fator de necrose tumoral, homocisteína e PM20D1 foram considerados fatores de risco para aterosclerose carotídea.Conclusão O PM20D1 estava diminuído em pacientes com aterosclerose carotídea e foi associado com gravidade, estabilidade da placa, níveis de PCR, fator de necrose tumoral, homocisteína, triglicerídeos, colesterol total e colesterol de baixa densidade em pacientes com aterosclerose carotídea.

Value of estimated pulse wave velocity to identify left ventricular hypertrophy prevalence: insights from a general population

BackgroundAortic stiffness shares a similar profile of risk factors with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and can also lead to LVH by itself. Published data have demonstrated the correlation between aortic stiffness and LVH. Recent data have revealed estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) to be a simple and cost-effective marker of the severity of aortic stiffness. Our analysis aimed to explore the association between ePWV and LVH prevalence, and to investigate the incremental value of ePWV for the identification of LVH prevalence.MethodsThe present analysis based on a cross-sectional survey which included 11,597 participants from rural areas of southeastern China between Sep 2020 and Feb 2021. ePWV was formulated based on mean blood pressure and age according to a published algorithm.ResultsThe prevalence of LVH was 14.56%. With the adjustment of age, sex, education, income and physical activity level, current drinking and smoking status, BMI, waist circumference, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, high density cholesterol, mean blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, anti-hypertensive therapy, anti-diabetic therapy, lipid-lowering therapy, and cardiovascular disease history, every standard deviation increment of ePWV associated with a 2.993 times risk of LVH prevalence. When dividing ePWV into quartiles, the top quartile had a 4.520 times risk of LVH prevalence when compared with the bottom quartile. Furthermore, smooth spline analysis displayed that the association was linear in the whole range of ePWV (p for non-linearity = 0.073). Additionally, subgroup analysis revealed the association was robust to sex, obesity and diabetes, and younger people and hypertensive population were more vulnerable to the increase of ePWV than their corresponding counterparts. Finally, ROC analysis showed a significant advancement when introducing ePWV into established risk factors (0.787 vs. 0.810, p for comparison < 0.001), and reclassification analysis also confirmed significant improvement from ePWV to identify LVH prevalence (category-free net reclassification analysis = 0.421, p < 0.001; integrated discrimination index = 0.023, p < 0.001).ConclusionOur analysis demonstrated a linear association between ePWV and LVH prevalence. Furthermore, our results suggest younger people and hypertensive population are more likely to have LVH prevalence with the increase of ePWV. More importantly, our findings implicate the incremental value of ePWV to optimize the identification of LVH prevalence in a general Chinese population.

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori alleviates lipid metabolism deterioration: a large-cohort propensity score-matched analysis

BackgroundThe impact of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication on metabolism of lipid and the potential predictor of such changes remain unclear.MethodsThis study retrospectively included subjects who underwent at least two 13C urea breath tests between 2015 and 2019 at Wuhan Union Hospital. Based on two H. pylori13C examination results, subjects were divided into propensity score-matched persistently negative (HPN), persistently positive (HPP), and eradication (HPE) groups. The changes in lipid measurements from before to after H. pylori eradication, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, and triglycerides, were compared within and between groups. Forty-two candidate factors were tested for their ability to predict lipid metabolism changes after H. pylori eradication.ResultsAfter propensity score matching, 3412 matched cases were analyzed. Within-group comparisons showed significantly decreased HDL (P < 0.001) and increased LDL (P < 0.001) at the second examination in both the HPE and HPP groups. Between-group comparisons showed that the HDL decrease of the HPE group was significantly larger and smaller when compared with the HPN (P = 0.001) and HPP (P = 0.004) group, respectively. Uni- and multivariate analyses showed that low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (P = 0.002) and high mean platelet volume (MPV) (P = 0.001) before eradication were associated with increased HDL after eradication. Low total protein (TP) (P < 0.001) was associated with decreased LDL after eradication.ConclusionsCompared with sustained H. pylori infectious states, H. pylori eradication alleviated the lipid metabolism deterioration but did not restore it to the uninfected level within 1.5 years after eradication. Patients with low DBP, high MPV, and low TP may reap a greater lipid-metabolism benefit from H. pylori eradication.

CORRELATION ENTRE LES PARAMETRES IMPEDANCEMETRIQUES ET LE PROFIL LIPIDIQUE CHEZ DES PATIENTS DIABETIQUES DE TYPE 2

In type 2 diabetes, abnormalities of lipid metabolism and tissue distribution are common and associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this work was to study the relationship between the impedancemetric parameters and the lipid profile in a population of type 2 diabetics followed in the Endocrinology Department MED VI of Marrakech. Body fat was assessed using a body composition analyzer. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (LDL-c and HDL-c) were determined by standard enzymatic procedures. Relationships between age, impedancemetric parameters with several metabolic elements including serum lipid levels and HBA1c were analyzed in both sexes separately. The correlation of the lipid profile was higher with body fat compared to the Body Mass Index(BMI): LDL-C r = 0.32 vs 0.26, HDL-C r = -0.46 vs -0.43, total cholesterol r = 0.15 vs r = 0.08. To sum up, in light of our study, compared to BMI, body fat measured by impedancemetry more accurately reflects the lipid profile in type 2 diabetics.

The role of serum lipoprotein levels in predicting independent short-term mortality In COVID-19 patients

Background: Plasma lipoprotein levels typically change as a result of systemic inflammation in coronavirus disease (COVID-19). These changes have been reported to be related to the severity and prognosis of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, and cholesterol levels andindependent short-term (28-day) mortality in COVID-19 patients with critical disease.&#x0D; Material and Method: The retrospective study included patients that had a positive result for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and were followed up in ICU due to pneumonia and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure between March 2020 and January 2021.&#x0D; Results: The 123 patients comprised 69 (56.1%) women and 54 (43.9%) men with a mean age of 65.41±13.93 years. Mean hospital and ICU stays were 16.07±9.84 and 8.54±8.24 days, respectively. Short-term (28-day) mortality occurred in 33 (26.8%) patients. Mean serum LDL, HDL, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels were 100.61±36.32, 41.57±10.74, 136.67±85.33, and 164.4±40.73 mg/dL, respectively. Short-term (28-day) mortality established a significant relationship with LDL and HDL levels, whereas no significant relationship was established with cholesterol and triglyceride levels (p=0.001, p=0.001, p=0.332, and p=0.222, respectively). The durations of hospital and ICU stay established a significant relationship with LDL levels (p=0.033 and p=0.002, respectively).&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on our results, we suggest that monitoring HDL and LDL levels with serial measurements in patients with critical and severe COVID-19 pneumonia may be useful for predicting the prognosis.

Prevalence of prediabetes and associated factors in southwest iran: results from Hoveyzeh cohort study

BackgroundIncreasing trend of prediabetes and diabetes is a global public health issue. On the other hand, prediabetes can increase the risk of developing some non-communicable diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, fatty liver disease, etc. Given that there are modifiable various risk factors for prediabetes, this cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of prediabetes and its risk factors among adults.MethodsThe present study included the baseline data from the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies of the Iranian Adult and Neonates (PERSIAN), Hoveyzeh Cohort Study (N = 10,009). The demographic data, lifestyle habits, anthropometric data, and clinical and biochemical parameters were gathered. The odds ratio of prediabetes was assessed by logistic regression.ResultsThe final analysis was conducted on 7629 participants. The prevalence of overweight (36.7%), obesity (37.5%), prediabetes (30.29%), abnormal high density lipoprotein (35.4%), cholesterol (33.8%) and triglyceride (39.7%), and HTN (21.3%) were common. In the adjusted analysis, there were higher odds of having prediabetes for overweight (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: (1.19, 3.03), p = 0.007), obesity (OR = 3.18, 95% CI: (1.99, 5.07), p < 0.001), waist circumstance (WC) (OR = 1.024, 95% CI: (1.002, 1.03), p < 0.001), hip circumstance (HC) (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: (1.003, 1.02), p = 0.008), older age (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: (1.04, 1.05), p < 0.001), hypertension (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: (1.21, 1.57), p < 0.001),), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (OR = 1.013, 95% CI: (1.007, 1.019), p = 0.001), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (OR = 1.01, 95% CI: (1.006, 1.013), p < 0.001), triglyceride = 150–199 mg/dl (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: (1.16, 1.51), p < 0.001), triglyceride ≥ 200 mg/dl (OR = 1.64 (95% CI: 1.44, 1.86), p < 0.001), cholesterol = 200- 239 mg/dl (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: (1.18, 1.49), p < 0.001), and cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dl (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: (1.72, 2.42), p < 0.001) in general population.ConclusionThe prevalence of prediabetes, overweight, obesity, HTN, and dyslipidemia was common. The greater chances of prediabetes were related to aging, overweight, obesity, HTN, higher liver enzymes, HC, abnormal WC, and dyslipidemia. It seems that practical interventions are necessary to prevent prediabetes.

Triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in adolescence as a predictive marker of metabolic syndrome and obesity in early adulthood in China.

To explore serum triglyceride (TG) to high-density cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio as a diagnostic marker of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents and its efficacy in predicting MetS and obesity in the early adulthood. A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select a total of 935 subjects from senior and junior high schools in Liaoyang, northeast China. The subjects were physically examined and laboratory evaluation was performed. A follow-up examination was performed after 5 years on some (n = 93) of the subjects who had reached adulthood. TG/HDL-C had significantly high diagnostic accuracy for MetS than HOMA-IR, TG or HDL-C. Subjects with the highest TG/HDL-C at baseline had higher risk of MetS (odds ratio [OR] = 11.65) and obesity (OR = 4.32) in early adulthood. TG/HDL-C ratio has a strong and independent ability in diagnosing MetS in adolescents and predicting the occurrence of MetS and obesity in their early adulthood.

The association between triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, insulin resistance, and serum androgen levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Objectives: Insulin resistance and dyslipidemia are common comorbidities of polycystic ovary syndrome. We aim to evaluate the association between triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, insulin resistance, and serum androgen levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: We enrolled a total of 40 polycystic ovary syndrome patients and 20 healthy control subjects in this cross-sectional study. The polycystic ovary syndrome patients were divided into two subgroups obese and non-obese. The triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance were calculated for all individuals. Demographic characteristics, serum levels of metabolic parameters, and androgens were compared between the study subgroups. P-value &amp;lt; 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. Results: The triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was higher in obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients than in other groups (3.64 ± 3.06 vs. 1.07 ± 0.36 in control and 1.18 ± 0.53 in non-obese group, p &amp;lt; 0.005). The triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was positively correlated with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (r=0.546, p &amp;lt; 0.001), total testosterone (r=0.402, p = 0.010), and free androgen index (r=0.609, p &amp;lt; 0.001) while was negatively correlated with sex hormone-binding globulin (r=-0.497, p = 0.001). Obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients had higher serum total testosterone levels, higher free androgen index, and lower sex hormone-binding globulin than non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients (0.71 ± 0.49 ng/mL vs. 0.45 ± 0.16 ng/mL, p = 0.006; 3.1 ± 1.91 vs. 1.01 ± 0.49, p &amp;lt; 0.005; and 26 ± 10.3 nmol/L vs. 59.6 ± 43.7 nmol/L, p &amp;lt; 0.005, respectively). Obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients had also worse lipid parameters, including high triglycerides and low high-density cholesterol when compared with other groups. Conclusions: The triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was correlated with the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and androgenic hormonal profiles including total testosterone and free androgen index in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Associations of IL-18 with Altered Cardiovascular Risk Profile in Psoriatic Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Objective: To investigate the associations of IL-18 serum levels with serum lipids, cardiovascular risk, and disease activity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) with axial (axPsA) and peripheral (perPsA) joint involvement. Methods: 155 adult patients (PsA 61/AS 94) were enrolled in the study. Standard disease activity indices, BASDAI, and ASDAS, were calculated for AS and PsA and DAPSA for PsA. Sera from peripheral blood samples were obtained after night fasting. Serum concentrations of cytokines (IL-18, IL-17) were measured by ELISA, while lipid profile with total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density cholesterol-(LDL), high-density cholesterol (HDL), and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were determined using routine procedures. The atherogenic index was calculated using the standard formula AI = TC/HDL. Results: Patients with PsA and peripheral joint involvement (perPsA) had significantly higher IL-18 serum levels than axial PsA and AS patients (medians 160 vs. 116 vs. 80 pg/mL). In patients with PsA and in the subgroup with PsA+ ischemic heart disease (IHD), IL-18 positively correlated with atherogenic index (AI) (rho = 0.46 and rho = 0.67, respectively) and TG serum concentrations (rho = 0.4 and rho = 0.675), while negatively with HDL levels (rho = −0.37 and rho = −0.608). In PsA + IHD subgroup IL-18 serum levels correlated positively also with disease activity (DAPSA) (rho = 0.613). Importantly, in patients with perPsA, characterized by the highest IL-18 serum levels, cardiovascular risk, and frequency of both hypertriglyceridemia and IHD, positive correlations between IL-18 and IL-17 (rho = 0.47, p = 0.002), TG (rho = 0.45 p = 0.01) levels and AI (rho = 0.63 p = 0.021) were found. Whereas linear regression models revealed that IL-17, TG concentrations and the tender joint count had an impact on IL-18 Conclusions: We confirmed that patients with perPsA are characterized by a more pronounced proinflammatory and proatherogenic cardiovascular risk profile than patients with axPsA and AS. Importantly our study indicates that in PsA, but not in AS, elevated serum concentration of IL-18 is associated with higher disease activity and proatherogenic lipid profile, leading to a higher cardiovascular risk. Thus, our results point out IL-18 as a critical contributor in these pathological processes and possible therapeutic targets.

Sex-specific prevalence of metabolic syndrome in older adults: results from the Neyshabur longitudinal study on aging, Iran.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and associated diseases grows as the population ages. This study aimed to investigate sex differences in the prevalence of MetS and its components among people aged 50years and older in Iran. Data were drawn from the Neyshabur Longitudinal Study on Ageing (NeLSA), which is an ageing component of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IraAn (PERSIAN). TheNCEP ATP III and IDF criteria were used to identify the prevalence of MetS among 3383 men and 3873 women aged 50years and older. Sociodemographic information, lifestyle and clinical factors were collected via an interview-based questionnaire. Weight and height, waist circumferences and blood pressure were measured. Laboratory measures such as fasting blood sugar, triglycerides and high-density cholesterol were also assessed. The overall prevalence of the MetS according to the NCEP ATP III and IDF definitions were 45% and 47%, respectively. The prevalence of the MetS in men and women was 37% and 63% according to the NCEP ATP III definition, 33% and 67% by the IDF definition, respectively. The prevalence of MetS components was significantly higher in women than in men. In the current study, the prevalence of MetS and its components was significantly higher among women than men. We also observed good concordance between IDF and NCEP ATP III criteria.

Lipid accumulation product as useful predictors of stroke: A correlation analysis between lipid accumulation index/cerebral vascular hemodynamics indexes and risk factors of stroke in 3264 people undergoing physical examination in Xinjiang.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between lipid accumulation index and cerebral hemodynamic integral value in 3264 people undergoing physical examination, so as to analyze the correlation between different lipid accumulation product index (LAP) levels and stroke risk factors.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2019 on 3264 adults at the age of 19 to 85 living in Urumqi, Xinjiang. The stroke related risk factors were evaluated by the questionnaire survey. The enrolled subjects were divided into Q1 group (n = 817), Q2 group (n = 815), Q3 group (n = 816) and Q4 group (n = 816) according to the quartile site at a low-to-high-score manner.Results:The proportion of males was significantly higher than that of females in Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups. The proportion of middle-aged people and the elderly in Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups was significantly higher than that of youths (P < .05). The proportion of patients with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, physical inactivity, and smoking, and the levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, high-density cholesterol, low-density cholesterol, triglyceride, body mass index, waist circumference increased with the increase of LAP level in different groups (P < .05). On both sides of the cerebral hemodynamic integral value (CVHI) index, Vmean, Vmax, Vmin showed a decreasing trend whereas peripheral resistance, pulse velocity, Zcv, dynamic resistance, critical pressure level, difference between diastolic and critical pressure showed an increase trend with the increase of LAP level. The normal rate of CVHI in 4 groups (>75 points) was 97.4%, 89.7%, 87.0, and 80.8%, respectively, showing a decreasing trend. Logistic regression results showed that the higher the LAP, the higher the abnormal risk of CVHI.Conclusion:There is a positive correlation between LAP and CVHI, the higher the LAP, the higher the risk of CVHI abnormality, which should be concerned seriously.

Phytonutrients of Bitter Apricot Seeds Modulate Human Lipid Profile and LDL Subfractions in Adults with Elevated Cholesterol Levels.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of short-term consumption of bitter apricot seeds phytonutrients on cardiovascular risk factors with a special focus on LDL cholesterol subfractions using the Lipoprint system. A group of 34 adult volunteers (21 female/13 male) consumed 60 mg kg−1 of body weight of bitter apricot seeds daily for 42 days. Subjects were divided into two groups: one with normal cholesterol levels (NTC) and one with elevated total cholesterol levels (ETC). Blood serum levels of total cholesterol (T-C), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) did not change significantly (p > 0.05) in NTC group. However, there were significant decreasing of T-C (p ˂ 0.05) and LDL-C (p < 0.01) in ETC group. The LDL1, LDL2, and atherogenic LDL3−7 subfractions progressively decreased after 42 days of apricot seeds consumption in ETC group (p < 0.05). Apricot seeds consumption was associated with a significant increase in the mean LDL particle size especially in ETC group (p ˂ 0.01). The results of the present study support the hypothesis that daily consumption of bitter apricot seeds for 42 days positively modified the lipoprotein profile in the group with elevated total cholesterol.

Impact of motivational interviewing as a follow-up to an exercise intervention among women with or at risk for metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial.

Objectives:Women have a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome than their male counterparts, and interventions should target women with or at risk for metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to compare two intervention strategies on long-term outcomes following the completion of an exercise intervention.Methods:Twenty-six women (M age = 43.35 ± 9.03) with at least one risk factor for metabolic syndrome were randomized into either a motivational interviewing group (n = 10) or self-regulation-based mobile messaging control group (n = 16) as a 12-week follow-up to a 10-week, 30-session exercise intervention. Outcomes of interest were body fat percentage, bone mineral density, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose.Results:Mixed ANOVAs revealed a significant effect for group × time for body fat percentage F(1, 24) = 8.30, p = 0.01, = 0.26, bone mineral density F(1, 24) = 6.68, p = 0.02, = 0.22, waist circumference F(1, 24) = 10.35, p = 0.01, = 0.30, triglycerides F(1, 24) = 5.06, p = 0.03, = 0.17, and systolic blood pressure F(1, 24) = 5.39, p = 0.03, = 0.18 all in favor of the motivational interviewing group after 12 weeks when compared to the self-regulation-based mobile messaging group. No significant effect for group × time was noted for diastolic blood pressure p = 0.36, = 0.04, high-density cholesterol p = 0.08, = 0.12, or fasting blood glucose p = 0.85, = 0.01 when comparing the motivational interviewing and self-regulation-based mobile messaging groups.Conclusions:Motivational interviewing may be a more impactful solution to extend the effects of exercise intervention studies compared to a self-regulation-based mobile messaging control group. Future interventions should focus on increasing sample size, utilizing more objective measures of body composition, utilizing booster sessions, and increasing the length of follow-up periods.

Relationship between cardiovascular disease risk factors, health behavior and physical fitness according to visceral fat in older men

Background: Obesity in older adults is increasing. The two types of fat involved in obesity are subcutaneous and visceral fat. We investigated the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors, health-related behaviors, and physical fitness based on the level of visceral fat in older men. Methods: Data from 1219 men aged ≥65 years who underwent health checkups at Korean hospitals from 2012 to 2020 were analyzed. Computed tomography (CT) data was used to divide participants into low visceral fat area (LVFA) and high visceral fat area (HVFA) groups. Cardiovascular risk factors such as blood pressure, triglyceride level, high-density cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose were measured. Bio-impedance analysis was used for body composition, and arteriosclerosis was tested by brachial artery pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Physical activity, exercise type, smoking, and alcohol consumption were investigated and cardiorespiratory fitness, grip strength, leg strength, flexibility, balance, and agility were determined. The odds ratio (OR) of HVFA was calculated by logistic regression analysis. Results: HVFA and LVFA groups exhibited significant differences in waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, triglyceride, glucose, baPWV, weekly physical activity, aerobic exercise, and alcohol consumption. Compared to the high fitness group, the low fitness group had an increased OR for HVFA; cardiorespiratory fitness (OR 3.563), grip strength (OR 2.365), leg strength (OR 4.145), and flexibility (OR 2.523). The group with low aerobic and strength training frequency increased OR by 2.5 and 3.2 times compared to the low frequency group, respectively. The OR of HVFA increased 2.8 times in the group which consumed alcohol more than 4 days a week compared to the group with consumption less than monthly. Conclusions: Men with HVFA exhibited lower levels of physical activity, more alcohol consumption, and lower levels of fitness than those with LVFA. Moreover, low levels of fitness, physical activity, and high alcohol consumption increased the risk of HVFA.