High Degree Of Variety Research Articles

Optimized deep learning multi-model investigation of images for ground water level detection

<p>When referring to groundwater in the context of the normal water cycle, the word “reservoir” is acceptable. Compared to the atmosphere or fresh surface water, groundwater has a much greater capacity to hold water. Despite the high degree of variety and complexity of the subsurface ecosystem, there is currently only a small amount of data available. People who depended on reality-based models ran into both of these challenges at some point. Statistical modeling was used in order to get a more accurate calibration of the model throughout the course of time. Because of the expansion in global population, governments in both wealthy and developing nations are increasingly looking to groundwater as an essential resource for satisfying the water requirements of their populations. Because water was preserved in such a large amount, it may be used again, even when there is a drought or other dry time. In this manuscript, a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) enabled Visual Geometry Group (VGG) 16 deep learning model is used in order to determine the level of ground water. Accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of PSO enabled VGG is highest among the algorithms used in the experimental study. Accuracy of PSO VGG 16 is 92.5 percent, specificity and sensitivity of PSO VGG 16 is 99 percent.</p>

L’Iconographie du ‘Lancelot-Graal’. Par Irène Fabry-Tehranchi et Catherine Nicolas

Although the iconographic cycles which illustrated medieval books are of great importance for a holistic understanding of the texts they were designed to illustrate, they are often neglected by scholars. Obstacles to accessing the original manuscripts preserving these cycles, in conjunction with the difficulty of conceptualizing a given cycle of illustrations as a unitary entity (especially in long works in which illustrations may be widely scattered, or in works where the relation of text to image is unclear), have fed the need in medieval studies for examinations such as that presented by the present volume. Here, two eminent Arthurian scholars, Irène Fabry-Tehranchi and Catherine Nicolas, provide a detailed commentary of a complete iconographic cycle illustrating the Lancelot-Graal (or Vulgate) cycle of Old French prose romances. This cycle comprises five units or books, all dating from the thirteenth century: the Estoire del Saint Graal, Merlin and the Suite Vulgate, the prose Lancelot, the Queste del Saint Graal, and the Mort le Roi Artu. This cycle was extremely popular, being preserved for us today in over 180 manuscripts from the thirteenth century to the fifteenth, as well as in numerous early printed editions. In order to produce this study, the authors have examined a wide range of extant manuscripts; the results of their survey are presented in a concise and informative Introduction, which in addition contextualizes the Lancelot-Graal and provides summaries of its constituent parts. The authors focus in particular on six manuscripts created between the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, all of which contain the full cycle of texts and are richly illustrated. They note that it is difficult to speak of a definitive, fixed iconographic cycle for the Lancelot-Graal, for exemplars are characterized by a high degree of variety; much higher than image cycles designed to accompany contemporary but more conventional texts, such as books of hours. For this reason, rather than struggling to justify the selection of any one manuscript on the grounds of the superior representative quality of its illustrative cycle, the authors have chosen to reproduce the complete cycle as found in Paris, BnF, MS fr. 344, as representing the most suitable entry point for studying the iconographic tradition associated with this text as a whole. The reproductions in black and white of the 348 illustrations in MS fr. 344 are arranged in order of books and chapters, and are accompanied by detailed commentary, as well as by brief descriptions of the corresponding illustrations in the other manuscripts. Brief descriptions of illustrations from these other manuscripts are similarly included for chapters left unillustrated in MS fr. 344. This excellent research tool is supplemented by a comprehensive bibliography and a synoptic table that allows researchers to compare at a glance the iconographic programmes of all six manuscripts. Following a detailed index, this volume is crowned by an appendix of full-colour reproductions of the iconographic cycle from MS fr. 344, helpfully cross-referenced with the commentary. Arthurian studies will long be indebted to this thorough guide to the iconographic tradition of the Vulgate cycle.

An insight into the medicinal perspectives of mannich bases of benzimidazole derivatives: A review

The heterocyclic aromatic compound benzimidazole is made up of benzene and an imidazole ring. In medicinal chemistry, it's a crucial pharmacophore and a privileged structure. It's a component of the vitamin cobalamin. Antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-cancer, anti-helminthic, antioxidant, anti-fungal, anti-allergic, anti-parasitic, anti-proliferative, anti-HIV, anti-convulsant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive and proton pump inhibitors are only a few of the pharmacological functions of benzimidazole derivatives play a critical role throughout the medical sector. The Mannich reaction is one of the most versatile reaction in organic synthesis. This reaction can be used to make N-methyl derivatives and a variety of drug molecules. Mannich base benzimidazole derivatives play a significant role in medicine, with several medicinal applications including antibacterial, anthelmintic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, analgesic and anti-convulsant. Changes in their composition have provided a high degree of variety, which has been beneficial in the case of new therapeutic agents with increased efficacy and lower toxicity. This analysis emphasises the significance of synthesis and various biological activities of newly synthesized mannich bases of benzimidazole derivatives, as well as a few key synthesis methodologies.

Innovativeness of Senior Consumers’ Attitudes – An Attempt to Conduct Segmentation

Abstract Research background: Ageing societies is a global phenomenon. In the media and the press, there strongly exists a stereotype of elderly people being poorly adjusted to social change, lonely, poor and not open to market novelties. However, an in-depth description of the senior consumer market segment shows their high degree of variety and differentiation in their approach to purchasing product innovations. Purpose: The aim of the article is to present a model of segmentation of older people according to the criterion of their attitudes towards innovation on the FMCG market. Research methodology: The source of information for building the typology was personal interviews conducted in 2018 with people aged over 60 in Greater Poland (the Wielkopolska region). The selection of respondents (the sample consisted of 1,451 people) was carried out using the quota selection method. The K-means clustering algorithm was applied to classify the respondents into clusters. Results: The research procedure allowed for the identification of different segments of senior consumers: reluctant conservatives, knowledgeable traditionalists, aspiring withdrawn/passive, unaware practical and rational innovators. Novelty: The results of the analysis of the segmentation of senior consumers confirm that people actively interested in product innovations on the FMCG market constitute a relatively small part of the elderly population (18.0%) and that there is a clear relationship between the attitude towards innovation and the characteristics of consumers in terms of economic, demographic and social variables.

Joint admission, production sequencing, and production rate control for a two-class make-to-order manufacturing system

Today's manufacturing industry faces a number of challenges related to the rapid delivery of products with a high degree of variety. Striking a balance between the effectiveness in capacity utilization and the rapidness in order-fulfillment is a substantial challenge for manufacturing companies. This work aims to provide a theoretical basis from which to address this practical question. To this end, we address the problem of coordinating the admission, production sequencing, and production rate controls for a two-class make-to-order manufacturing system. Formulating the problem as a Markov decision process model, we identify the structural properties of optimal control policies under both discounted and average profit criteria. We show that the cμ rule is optimal for production sequencing and the optimal admission and production rate control policies can be characterized by the state-dependent threshold levels, provided that the production times are not associated with customer class. We also show that the optimal production rates are monotone in the system state, as in the case of a single class queueing system, and that the lower priority class can be preferred to the higher priority class in order admission under a certain condition on the system parameters. Our numerical study demonstrates that a considerable economic benefit can be achieved if the production rate is dynamically controlled between the minimum and maximum rates rather than fixed to the mean rate of these values. Finally, we present a heuristic policy that is described by linear switching functions for the control of order admission and a selection rule for the control of production rate. We compare the performance of our heuristic to the optimal policy using a numerical experiment, revealing that the heuristic provides near optimal solutions to test example problems and is robust to the system parameters.

Watershed of a small river as source of contaminants and biogenic elements

There is considered methodology of estimation of contaminants and biogenic elements intake into water objects from urban watersheds by municipal non-point runoff. We used the Volkovka River in St. Petersburg and its watershed for the research because the watershed is characterized by high degree of variety and includes all possible types of urban areas: multi-storey residential constructions, industrial areas, green spaces, cemeteries, wastelands, and even agricultural areas. The research included the monitoring data processing, the watershed analysis by GIS-technologies, and field studies.

Moment-Based Features of Knitted Cotton Fabric Defect Classification by Artificial Neural Networks

ABSTRACT The defect classification of knitted fabrics is a challenging area of research. Most of the defect detection works in India; Bangladesh is being carried by manually trained inspectors. The long working hours and the working environment at the company induces the fatigue, lack of concentration, and triteness to the workers due to this they may not able to detect the defects on the clothes after it is manufactured. To overcome this problem, a computer-aided defect detection system is being developed using digital image processing and artificial neural Network methods. The two types of artificial neural networks were applied to compare the results obtained. The networks were: a back propagation based feed forward neural network and the other was Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm based back propagation network. Experimental results predicted detection of a high degree of variety of fabric defects.

Physical Therapy Rehabilitation after Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is an important public health problem and leading cause of injury death and disability in worldwide. The heterogeneity of this condition leads to a high degree of variety in the manifestation of clinical symptoms and makes the treatment of the accident victims particularly challenging. Because of this, the physiotherapist plays a central role in leading, coordinating and providing a continuum of care and services over the course of the patient's recovery. However, there are no major differences between the various methods of treatment and all of them improve the patients’ functional status. Furthermore, evidence suggests that community integration should be the primary goal of rehabilitation for people after a TBI. However, very little is known about how variations on the individual characteristics (family support, education, quality and availability of community services, financial condition) may also influence the community integration.

Интернет как ресурс для решения задач подросткового возраста: обзор психологических исследований

We analyzed psychological research that consider the Internet as a resource for solving the problems of adolescence. Based on the understanding of self-consciousness as a central adolescence new formation, we formulated a set of tasks of adolescence. It is shown that for the successful solution of age problems by teenagers on the Internet, specialized environments should be designed. Internet as a medium of teenagers’ socialization is characterized by a high degree of variety and uncontrollability. Behavior of adolescents on the Internet depends on the social and cultural context in which they live. The emergence of the Internet makes new demands on media competence of the teenager and his environment. Adolescents face online with a variety of risks. An essential resource for successful adolescent development is the presence of a person whom he trusts, with whom he can consult in difficult situations. The research plan involves the creation of Internet resources, contributing to the solution of teenagers’ problems age, as well as the mapping of the Internet in terms of its developmental potential.

An operational measure of routing flexibility in a multi-stage multi-product production system

The high degree of variety in customer demands causes mass production to become outdated and flexible production to be favored. Routing flexibility can be found in systems that implement general-purpose machines, alternative or identical machines, redundant machine tools, or the versatility of material handling systems. It is recognized that routing flexibility can be treated as a tool for enhancing system performance, such as lead time and inventory reduction. However, its implementation entails a huge cost of installation of flexible machines, automated tool changers and fixtures, and machine operators possessing multiple skills. Therefore, system managers must determine the appropriate level of routing flexibility for a specific system configuration in order to balance benefits and costs incurred. This paper presents a background to and a rational for a routing flexibility measure for a multi-stage flow shop. Instead of merely counting the number of available routes, this measure takes into account the loading balance between machines. Therefore, a manufacturing system with overloaded machines will have less routing flexibility as compared with one that is not overloaded, when both systems have the same number of available routes. An example for demonstrating the applicability of the proposed measure is also illustrated.

Una sociologia della memoria sociale

In his book De Arte Excerpendi: Imparare a dimenticare nella modernita (Leo S. Olschki Editore, Firenze 2006), Alberto Cevolini offers an innovative contribution, from the perspective of the social systems theory, to the sociology of culture by investigating the transformations related to the processes in the storage of social knowledge. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the connection between changes of the social structure in the transition from premodern to modern society, on the one hand, and the modalities of acquisition, memorization and filing of knowledge, on the other. The main thesis of the volume is that the specificity of the modern social memory consists of adopting new techniques, such as modern archives, which, while making unnecessary the use of individual memory, entail a high degree of variety, innovation and contingency of social knowledge.

An inventory of shedding data from clinical gene therapy trials

Viruses are the most commonly used vectors for clinical gene therapy. The risk of dissemination of a viral vector into the environment via excreta from the treated patient, a phenomenon called shedding, is a major safety concern for the environment. Despite the significant number of clinical gene therapy trials that have been conducted worldwide, there is currently no overview of actual shedding data available. In this article, an inventory of shedding data obtained from a total of 100 publications on clinical gene therapy trials using retroviral, adenoviral, adeno-associated viral and pox viral vectors is presented. In addition, the experimental set-up for shedding analysis including the assays used and biological materials tested is summarized. The collected data based on the analysis of 1619 patients in total demonstrate that shedding of these vectors occurs in practice, mainly determined by the type of vector and the route of vector administration. Due to the use of non-quantitative assays, the lack of information on assay sensitivity in most publications, and the fact that assay sensitivity is expressed in various ways, general conclusions cannot be made as to the level of vector shedding. The evaluation of the potential impact and consequences of the observations is complicated by the high degree of variety in the experimental design of shedding analysis between trials. This inventory can be supportive to clinical gene therapy investigators for the establishment of an evidence-based risk assessment to be included in a clinical protocol application, as well as to national regulatory authorities for the ongoing development of regulatory guidelines regarding gene therapy.

A generic activity‐dictionary‐based method for product costing in mass customization

Purpose – Estimating product cost at the design stage, often referred to as product costing, is vitally important in the product configuration process in the mass customization paradigm. There are three research streams in this field: analogous, statistical, and analytical methods. However, in a mass customization environment, these methods suffer the drawbacks of poor accuracy, low‐agility and an undesirable degree of detail. It is imperative to develop an efficient framework for product costing in mass customization. The paper aims to address these issues.Design/methodology/approach – Activity‐based costing (ABC) becomes a new trend in product costing which alleviates the shortcomings discussed above. However, the complexity of ABC probably increases in mass customization with a high degree of variety. In this research, a framework is formalized for product costing in mass customization, in which a generic activity definition is proposed to simplify and catalyze ABC practice in high‐variety production. ...

Innovation and Undecidability: Some Implications for theKoinoniaof the Anglican Church

ABSTRACTThe Anglican Church is now a worldwide communion and international Anglicanism is marked by a high degree of variety and significant tensions both at local and international levels. Dealing with diversity and conflict across the communion may be the most pressing issue facing Anglicanism in the twenty-first century. Certainly the needs of mission require a strong focus on local and regional concerns and the history of Anglicanism bears testimony to a strong emphasis on a contextual and incarnational approach to discipleship, worship and social engagement. For this reason the Anglican Church has always wrestled with the tension between its inherited identity and the demand for relevance in an expanding communion. Many of the tensions and unresolved conflicts that beset modern Anglicanism arise because of the astonishing capacity of the Church to develop new responses in new situations that result in practices that do not fit easily with the received tradition. These point to a fundamental fact of Christianity; its inherent creativity and capacity for innovation. But not all innovations are wise for the Church; many innovations generate further conflict and the people of God are often confused or puzzled about what innovations to adopt or reject, and how to facilitate either of these scenarios. Some examples in the history of Christianity include controversies over the date of Easter, the development of church order (for example, episcopacy), doctrinal developments (for example,homoousionof the Nicene Creed), and issues to do with slavery, marriage, divorce and, more recently, ordination of women. None of these ‘innovations’ were greeted with immediate consensus at the point of local adoption nor as the innovation became more widely known and assimilated into the life of the Church.From an ecclesial point of view the fact of innovation represents both a challenge to, and opportunity for an enhancedkoinoniain the gospel. Minimally this involves commitment to ongoing patient dialogue and face-to-face encounter as innovations are wrestled with, differences explored and conflicts faced. This article considers further the concepts of innovation and undecidability as critical issues underlying much of our current difficulties. The article then inquires as to their relevance and importance for thekoinoniaof the Anglican Communion.

The application of information security policies in large UK‐based organizations: an exploratory investigation

Despite its widely acknowledged importance, the information security policy has not, to date, been the subject of explicit, empirical scrutiny, in the academic literature. To help fill this gap an exploratory research project was initiated that sought to investigate the uptake, content, dissemination and impact of information security policies. To this end, a questionnaire was mailed to senior IS executives, in large UK‐based organizations, and 208 valid responses were received. The results of this research have indicated that, while policies are now fairly common, at least amongst the sample, there is still a high degree of variety in terms of their content and dissemination.

Understanding the Role of Use Cases in UML

A use case is a description of a sequence of actions constituting a complete task or transaction in an application. Use cases were first proposed by Jacobson (1987) and have since been incorporated as one of the key modeling constructs in UML (Booch, Jacobson, & Rumbaugh, 1999) and the Unified Software Development Process (Jacobson, Booch, & Rumbaugh, 1999). This paper traces the development of use cases, and identifies a number of problems with both their application and theoretical underpinnings. From an application perspective, the use case concept is marked by a high degree of variety in the level of abstraction versus implementation detail advocated by various authors. In addition, use cases are promoted as a primary mechanism for identifying objects in an application, even though they focus on processes rather than objects. Moreover, there is an apparent inconsistency between the so-called naturalness of object models and the commonly held view that use cases should be the primary means of communicating and verifying requirements with users. From a theoretical standpoint, the introduction of implementation issues in use cases can be seen as prematurely anchoring the analysis to particular implementation decisions. In addition, the fragmentation of objects across use cases creates conceptual difficulties in developing a comprehensive class model from a set of use cases. Moreover, the role of categorization in human thinking suggests that class models may serve directly as a good mechanism for communicating and verifying application requirements with users. We conclude by outlining a framework for further empirical research to resolve issues raised in our analysis.

Possession in Two Balinese Trance Ceremonies

I discuss the construction of Balinese trance behaviors using two examples of trance possession in temple ceremonies. The view that trance states are socially constructed has long roots in anthropology. However, a closer examination of this view is warranted. In particular, I am interested in the question of the possible diversity of the constructed behavior. On the one hand, one may expect a set of general trance behaviors or experiences throughout a given society—e.g. that vision quests in a particular tribe will contain common elements, but these will vary from tribe to tribe (Lowie 1963). On the other hand, a society may offer the general outlines of acceptable trance behavior or experience, but expect them to be radically individual, depending, e.g., on the particular revelatory experience of the person. The Balinese construction of trance fits neither of these poles; rather, trance behaviors are contextualized to a particular temple but not to individual persons. Thus, the trances of the Balinese exhibit a high degree of variety from locale to locale. This unusual variety is due to two factors: a key element of Balinese Hinduism, adat (local custom), as well as a unique feature of how Balinese deities (who possess individuals in trance) are conceived.