High Degree Of Change Research Articles

Understanding the Dynamics of e-WOM in Food Delivery Services: A SmartPLS Analysis of Consumer Acceptance

The evidence on e-commerce rapidly adopting and expanding has led to a high degree of changes in consumer behavior, with food delivery platforms playing a pivotal role in the digital economy. The current study highlights the interplay between consumer perception, consumer acceptance, and electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) assessed in the context of the food delivery chain. By integrating latent variables, such as trust, consumer purchase intentions, perceived usefulness, and psychological distance, the current study explores the role of e-WOM in influencing consumer perception and acceptance within the food delivery services. Data collection and analysis implied a qualitative approach by issuing an online survey and gathering 835 valid responses, further quantitatively assessed through structural equation modelling. The data reveal the validity of the two general hypotheses, according to which consumer acceptance is positively connected to consumer perception, to which the influence of electronic word of mouth was added. The current study stresses the importance for food delivery chains to gain insight and implement strategies based on its electronic peers’ online suggestions and recommendations. The current research actively contributes to the theoretical discourse on food delivery chain management related to the electronic consumers’ experience, in order to competitively position it on electronic markets as well as the food delivery global industry.

Multi-omics analysis in inclusion body myositis identifies mir-16 responsible for HLA overexpression

BackgroundInclusion Body Myositis is an acquired muscle disease. Its pathogenesis is unclear due to the co-existence of inflammation, muscle degeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction. We aimed to provide a more advanced understanding of the disease by combining multi-omics analysis with prior knowledge. We applied molecular subnetwork identification to find highly interconnected subnetworks with a high degree of change in Inclusion Body Myositis. These could be used as hypotheses for potential pathomechanisms and biomarkers that are implicated in this disease.ResultsOur multi-omics analysis resulted in five subnetworks that exhibit changes in multiple omics layers. These subnetworks are related to antigen processing and presentation, chemokine-mediated signaling, immune response-signal transduction, rRNA processing, and mRNA splicing. An interesting finding is that the antigen processing and presentation subnetwork links the underexpressed miR-16-5p to overexpressed HLA genes by negative expression correlation. In addition, the rRNA processing subnetwork contains the RPS18 gene, which is not differentially expressed, but has significant variant association. The RPS18 gene could potentially play a role in the underexpression of the genes involved in 18 S ribosomal RNA processing, which it is highly connected to.ConclusionsOur analysis highlights the importance of interrogating multiple omics to enhance knowledge discovery in rare diseases. We report five subnetworks that can provide additional insights into the molecular pathogenesis of Inclusion Body Myositis. Our analytical workflow can be reused as a method to study disease mechanisms involved in other diseases when multiple omics datasets are available.

Research on Rural Population/Arable Land/Rural Settlements Association Model and Coordinated Development Path: A Case Analysis of the Yellow River Basin (Henan Section).

The countryside is a complex regional system with population and land as the core elements, and it is of great significance to study the coordination of the rural human-land relationship for promoting rural ecological protection and high-quality development. The Yellow River Basin (Henan section) is an important grain-producing area with dense population, fertile soil, and rich water resources. Based on the rate of change index and Tapio decoupling model, this study took county-level administrative region as the evaluation unit to explore the characteristics of the spatio-temporal correlation model of rural population/arable land/rural settlements in the Yellow River Basin (Henan section) from 2009 to 2018 and the optimal path of coordinated development. The results show the following: (1) The decrease of rural population, the increase of arable land in a relatively large part of non-central cities, the decrease of arable land in central cities, and the general increase in the area of rural settlements are the most important characteristics of the Yellow River Basin (Henan section) for the change of rural population/arable land/rural settlements. (2) There are spatial agglomeration characteristics of rural population changes, arable land changes, and rural settlements changes. Areas with a high degree of change in arable land have a certain degree of spatial consistency with areas with a high degree of change in rural settlements. (3) The type of T3 (rural population and arable land)/T3 (rural population and rural settlement) is the most important temporal and spatial combination mode, and rural population outflow is serious. In general, the spatio-temporal correlation model of rural population/arable land/rural settlements in the eastern and western sections of the Yellow River Basin (Henan section) is better than that in the middle section. The research results are helpful to deeply understand the relationship between rural population and land in the period of rapid urbanization and can provide reference for the classification and sub-standard policies of rural revitalization. It is urgent to establish sustainable rural development strategies for improving the human-land relationship, narrowing the rural-urban disparity, innovating rural residential land area policies, and revitalizing the rural area.

Analysis of the Chilean health promotion policy "Choose a Healthy Lifestyle".

Intersectoral health promotion initiatives in Chile to address obesity and non- communicable diseases have had a long history in Chile, but also a high degree of changes in their design, implementation, and financing. To analyze the "Choose a Healthy Lifestyle" enacted by Law 20,670 under Sabatier's "Advocacy Coalition Framework" (ACF), addressing the political discussion and its execution in the subsequent governing coalitions (2011-2022). The ACF components are the following: external events, coalitions, policy subsystem (health promotion), and policy brokers. Policy change and learning occurs when a certain level of conflict exists between coalitions. We carried out a bibliographic and literature review, including history of the Law and notes in the media. We identified two coalitions. The first is pro-individual freedom and aims to solve the problem with education and health promotion. The second one defines the problem as structural and related to social determinants and health inequity. The first coalition launched the "Choose Healthy Liferstyle" program in 2011 when they were in executive power. After criticism from the opposition and the participation of policy brokers, the Program was institutionalized with an intersectoral vision. The lack of permanent financing affected the continuity of the policy, especially after a change in the governing coalition. Law 20,670 falls within the ACF. However, policy learning slowed down because the problem involved social aspects, conflict between deep beliefs of both coalitions, and lack of permanent funding, thus affecting the continuity of the policy.

The unintended consequences of COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina: the case of sleep disorders during lockdown

Abstract Objectives This study aims to explore the unintended consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown in Argentina by assessing sleep disorders developed during quarantine and analyzing the interplay between gender and social gradients of health with sleep disorders. Methods The study adopted a cross-sectional design by drawing data from the Argentinian Social Debt The study adopted a cross-sectional design by drawing data from the Argentinian Social Debt COVID-19 Survey (n=500) carried out in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires in May 2020. COVID-19 survey (n=500) carried out in the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires in May 2020. Descriptive and correlational analyses were carried out using SPSS (version 25) to describe the occurrence of sleep disorders produced during quarantine. Results The results show that during lockdown the local population presented a lower quality of sleep. Among the analysed groups, women and the youngest group were the most affected (p<0.005). Furthermore, although the four socioeconomic groups examined in this study have all suffered sleep disorders during lockdown, the respondents with lower socioeconomic status are found to have been more affected than the others. Conclusions The correlational analysis indicates that a lower socio-occupational stratum corresponds to a higher degree of changes in the circadian rhythm during the lockdown period. The main contribution of this study lies in illustrating, from a local perspective, one aspect of the unintended consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdowns on sleep health. Additionally, it serves to inform local health policies about the importance of considering human health as an integral process, without prioritizing the biological sphere over other aspects.

Coupling scientific and local ecological knowledge network models for temperate coastal ecosystems

Abstract There is an urgent need to analyse and understand small-scale fisheries environment under biotic and abiotic stressors. In this work, we use a kelp forest ecosystem in Baja California, Mexico to present a novel approach, comparing two network models based on different information sources. First, we developed a conventional scientific knowledge network model (CSK) parameterized with in-situ observations. Second, we used a local ecological knowledge network model (LEK) based on interviews with local fishers. Our main objectives were: (a) verify if the two knowledge sources generated comparable models, and (b) explore model responses to disturbance scenarios. The CSK model presented greater detail at lower trophic levels, contrary to the LEK model. Additionally, we simulated top-down and bottom-up ecological disturbances. With a top-down disturbance, the groups’ abundance increased following a cascade effect whereas, in the bottom-up disturbance, changes did not transfer uniformly. We also simulated anthropogenic disturbances through fishing pressure on three target species (lobsters, sea urchins, and sea bass). Our findings show similar patterns with the highest degree of change when lobsters are removed. Our findings highlight the potential of model complementarity and support the relevance of ecological network models to navigate future climate and anthropogenic uncertainty.

Regulation of ACSL4-Catalyzed Lipid Peroxidation Process Resists Cisplatin Ototoxicity.

Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity is one of the common side effects during its treatment and there are no effective measures to prevent it. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of ACSL4-catalyzed lipid peroxidation on cisplatin-induced hearing loss and its possible protective mechanisms. We used a variety of cisplatin ototoxicity models, including HEI-OC1 cell line, cochlear explants, and ET4 GFP+ zebrafish. After measuring the experimental concentrations of cisplatin by CCK8 assay and immunofluorescence, respectively, we examined the levels of lipid peroxidation by MDA content, 4-HNE content, and C11-BODIPY (581/591) probe. Then, we used two ferroptosis inhibitors, FER-1, and Vit-E to protect hair cells. We found that cisplatin significantly increased the levels of lipid peroxidation and that this process can be resisted by the ferroptosis inhibitors. Afterwards, we performed metabolomic assays on the cisplatin-treated hair cells. The metabolite levels were significantly altered in the experimental group compared to the control group, and the highest degree of change was observed in the glutathione metabolic pathway and the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway. Therefore, we screened the key enzymes on the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway in the hair cells after cisplatin treatment and found that ACSL4 had the greatest regulatory value. Further, we reduced the level of lipid peroxide in hair cells by specifically inhibiting the expression of ACSL4, which protected hair cells from cisplatin damage at source. In conclusion, the lipid peroxidation process regulated by ACSL4 may be an important factor contributing to the sensitivity of hair cells to cisplatin. Inhibition of ACSL4 expression may be an effective preventive measure against cisplatin ototoxicity.

Effect of Ethanol Extract of White Turmeric (Curcuma Zedoaria) as Hepatoprotector in Male Rats Induced By Cuso4 Pentahydrate

White turmeric is known to the public as having various uses in terms of health, such as as a liver protector (hepatoprotector) which functions to destroy toxins that enter the human body, one of which is exposure to copper (CuSO4) Pentahydrate which is widely exposed in everyday life. to determine the protection against liver damage induced by copper by using ethanol extract of white turmeric rhizome (Curcuma Zedoaria) through histopathological examination of the liver of male wistar rats and to determine the best dose of white turmeric rhizome extract (Curcuma Zedoari). This study is categorized as an experimental research conducted following the posttest only control group design. Sampling is done through simple random sampling. After the data was proven to be normally distributed and continued with the ANOVA test and obtained a P value of 0.001 (? 0.05). The mean value of changes in the histological structure of the rat liver P1 0.00/0.00; P2 0.00/0.00; P3(500mg dose) 2.00/1.41; P4(750mg dose) 6.00/0.00; P5 4.44/1.50; P6(1000mg dose) 6.00/0.00. This shows that the highest degree of change in liver function is the P4 treatment group with an average of 6.00 and the lowest is the P6 treatment group with an average of 3.75. Conclusion: These results indicate that the ethanoic extract of white turmeric rhizome has high hepatoprotective activity at a dose of 1000mg.

Effect of Ethanol Extract of White Turmeric (Curcuma Zedoaria) as Hepatoprotector in Male Rats Induced By Cuso4 Pentahydrate

White turmeric is known to the public as having various uses in terms of health, such as as a liver protector (hepatoprotector) which functions to destroy toxins that enter the human body, one of which is exposure to copper (CuSO4) Pentahydrate which is widely exposed in everyday life. to determine the protection against liver damage induced by copper by using ethanol extract of white turmeric rhizome (Curcuma Zedoaria) through histopathological examination of the liver of male wistar rats and to determine the best dose of white turmeric rhizome extract (Curcuma Zedoari). This study is categorized as an experimental research conducted following the posttest only control group design. Sampling is done through simple random sampling. After the data was proven to be normally distributed and continued with the ANOVA test and obtained a P value of 0.001 (? 0.05). The mean value of changes in the histological structure of the rat liver P1 0.00/0.00; P2 0.00/0.00; P3(500mg dose) 2.00/1.41; P4(750mg dose) 6.00/0.00; P5 4.44/1.50; P6(1000mg dose) 6.00/0.00. This shows that the highest degree of change in liver function is the P4 treatment group with an average of 6.00 and the lowest is the P6 treatment group with an average of 3.75. Conclusion: These results indicate that the ethanoic extract of white turmeric rhizome has high hepatoprotective activity at a dose of 1000mg.

Zur Stabilität dialektaler Formen.

Stability is an essential but frequently underrepresented fact in the study of language variation and change. Although in dialectology the distinction between “primary” and “secondary” dialect features initially led to a certain consideration of stable features as opposed to more dynamic ones, more recent empirical studies have not taken any notice of the former. The question of stability is nevertheless crucial for dialectology. For example, the extent of dialect loss cannot be assessed without establishing which forms are stable. The aim of this study is therefore to address this desideratum by investigating ten dialectal features in Austria’s rural dialects. All ten examples concern variables of the vowel system which show large phonetic differences between dialect and standard variants. On the basis of a comprehensive dialect survey, both a real- and an apparent-time study is conducted to examine the extent and the factors of dialectal stability and change. The study provides evidence for a surprisingly high degree of stability and continuity in Austria’s rural dialects. Changes are not only restricted to a few variables, but also limited (a) to a lexical factor – only a small group of lexemes is not completely stable –, and (b) to a regional factor – only some eastern parts of Austria show a higher degree of change. Other factors, such as the extent of the spatial distribution of a form or the phonetic distance to the standard, do not prove to be relevant for stability and change of the variables.

Protecting COVID-19 Vaccine Transportation and Storage from Analog Cybersecurity Threats

Protecting COVID-19 Vaccine Transportation and Storage from Analog Cybersecurity Threats

Comparative profiling of epigenetic modifications among individuals living in different high and low air pollution zones: A pilot study from India

Epigenetic modifications act as an important bridge to regulate the complex network of gene-environment interactions. As these mechanisms determine the gene-expression patterns via regulating the transcriptomic machinery, environmental stress induced epigenetic modifications may interrupt distinct cellular functions resulting into generation of diseased phenotypes. In the present study, we used a multi-city approach to compare the epigenomic signatures of individuals living in two tiers of Indian cities categorized as low-risk and high-risk air pollution zones. The high-risk group reported marked changes in the expression levels of epigenetic modifiers (DNMT1, DNMT3a, EZH2, EHMT2 and HAT), that maintains the levels of specific epigenetic marks essential for appropriate gene functioning. These results also coincided with the observed alterations in the levels of DNA methylation (LINE-1 and % 5mC), and histone modifications (H3 and H4), among the high-risk group. In addition, higher degree of changes reported in the expression profile of a selected miRNA panel in the high-risk group indicated the probability of deregulated transcriptional machinery. This was further confirmed by the analysis of a target gene panel involved in various signalling pathways, which revealed differential expression of the gene transcripts regulating cell cycle, inflammation, cell survival, apoptosis and cell adhesion. Together, our results provide first insights of epigenetic modifications among individuals living in different high and low levels of air pollution zones of India. However, further steps to develop a point-of-care epigenomic assay for human bio-monitoring may be immensely beneficial to reduce the health burden of air pollution especially in low and-middle-income countries.

Apple Fermented Products: An Overview of Technology, Properties and Health Effects

As an easily adapted culture, with overloaded production in some parts of the globe, apples and their by-products are being redirected to pharmaceutical, canning and beverages industries, both alcoholic and non-alcoholic. Fermentation is generally considered to increase the bioavailability of bioactive compounds found in apple, by impacting, through a high degree of changes, the product’s properties, including composition and health-promoting attributes, as well as their sensory profile. Probiotic apple beverages and apple vinegar are generally considered as safe and healthy products by the consumers. Recently, contributions to human health, both in vivo and in vitro studies, of non-alcoholic fermented apple-based products have been described. This review highlighted the advances in the process optimization of apple-based products considering vinegar, cider, pomace, probiotic beverages and spirits’ technologies. The different processing impacts on physical-chemical, nutritional and sensory profiles of these products are also presented. Additionally, the harmful effects of toxic compounds and strategies to limit their content in cider and apple spirits are illustrated. New trends of fermented apple-based products applicability in tangential industries are summarized.

Assessment of Depressional Wetland Degradation, Spatial Distribution, and Geological Aspects in Southern Brazil

This paper presents a procedure to study depressional wetlands in southern Brazil and focuses on the mechanisms controlling water dynamics and environmental degradation due to anthropogenic interference. The study is based on an inventory of wetlands, a digital elevation model, the geological and geotechnical characteristics of geological materials, a multitemporal analysis of satellite images, the distribution of land use types, and onsite monitoring of water level and rainfall data. One hundred and twelve depressional wetlands were identified with a total area of 902 ha and a catchment area of 5456.8 ha. These wetlands were grouped into two classes with different hydrological control mechanisms. From the water level monitoring, the wetlands were found to present different hydrological conditions. Before rainy periods, the wetlands were almost dry or had little water; after rainy periods, over half of the wetlands were still dry or had groundwater levels below the surface, and the water levels of the other wetlands increased. The multitemporal analysis showed a reduction in the wetland water surface area from 270 ha in 1991 to 60 ha in 2019, which confirms the monitoring result that the amount of stored water is decreasing because of anthropogenic activities. Anthropogenic activities affect wetland water dynamics because of changes in the landscape and soil characteristics of the catchment area, and drainage of wetland areas by ditches for agricultural water supply; more than 50% of wetlands showed a high degree of change (environmental degradation), with conditions that make restoration or remediation very difficult.

Structural Brain Architectures Match Intrinsic Functional Networks and Vary across Domains: A Study from 15 000+ Individuals.

Brain structural networks have been shown to consistently organize in functionally meaningful architectures covering the entire brain. However, to what extent brain structural architectures match the intrinsic functional networks in different functional domains remains under explored. In this study, based on independent component analysis, we revealed 45 pairs of structural-functional (S-F) component maps, distributing across nine functional domains, in both a discovery cohort (n = 6005) and a replication cohort (UK Biobank, n = 9214), providing a well-match multimodal spatial map template for public use. Further network module analysis suggested that unimodal cortical areas (e.g., somatomotor and visual networks) indicate higher S-F coherence, while heteromodal association cortices, especially the frontoparietal network (FPN), exhibit more S-F divergence. Collectively, these results suggest that the expanding and maturing brain association cortex demonstrates a higher degree of changes compared with unimodal cortex, which may lead to higher interindividual variability and lower S-F coherence.

Toxicity of nanosilver and fumonisin B1 and their interactions on duckweed (Lemna minor L.)

In the environment co-contamination of several toxicants commonly occurs. However, toxicological studies usually are focused on only one toxicant. The aim of this study was to investigate toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) and mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) and their possible interactions as well as to explore tentative mechanism of their toxic effect. Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) was treated with AgNP or FB1 (at concentrations 0.5 and 1.0 mg L−1) or with their combination at same concentrations for 3 days. Both AgNP and FB1, applied individually significantly affected levels of certain nutrients, reduced growth rate and the levels of photosynthetic pigments though AgNP at a much greater extent compared to FB1. Furthermore, AgNP induced ROS generation, lipid peroxidation and increase of antioxidative enzymes activities, while FB1 induced changes only in the activities of antioxidative enzymes. Those results implicate that phytotoxicity of both AgNP and FB1 can be associated with imbalance of mineral and cell redox status. However, toxic actions of AgNp singly applied were more pronounced. Combined treatment with AgNP and FB1 produced higher degree of changes in all parameters than corresponding concentrations of AgNP or FB1 alone implying their additive effects. Additionally, higher level of FB1 found in medium, and higher level of intracellular Ag following combined treatment indicates interaction of two toxicants at the transport level/uptake in the cell which resulted in higher accumulation of Ag in duckweed cells. The latter in turn exerted higher toxicity to duckweed compared to single treatment of AgNP.

Local perceptions of environmental changes in fishing communities of southwest Madagascar

Southwest Madagascar is a region that is significantly impacted upon by climate change. As in a lot of developing countries, the livelihoods of many communities in this region are dependent on fishing. This makes these communities particularly vulnerable to climate-related changes. We conducted a survey in two coastal fishing communities in the Toliara Province, Ambola and Ambotsibotsike. Using a free listing exercise, semi-structured interviews and focus group methods, we documented local perceptions of environmental changes and responses to changes. Results were compared, taking into account the differences in the degree of remoteness, market exposure and religiosity. Time periods that respondents reported as having had a high degree of change were compared to time periods of historical records of cyclones occurring in Toliara Province. Mostly, changes in the environment were said to have started 21–40 years ago. An overlap was observed between time periods when respondents observed changes in their environment and time periods of high magnitude cyclones. Answers relating to the local environment show that both villages identify with a sea culture, but the local ecological knowledge is arguably more accurate in the remote village of Ambola. In Ambotsibotsike God's intervention was predominantly identified as the source/cause of changes in the natural environment. Ambola also displayed a higher proportion of household members who participate in fishing from pirogues (at least one person per household). In both villages, the most reported change was a reduction of sea resources (64,2% of the answers in Ambola and 69.5% in Ambotsibotsike). Villagers' adaptation responses reflected the presence of NGOs in both villages. This influence was particularly strong in Ambola, where the establishment of reserves was found to be a predominant strategy to cope with change (54.8% of the answers). Our study provides additional insights that can be used in relation to the discussion of the role of the market, of religion, and the influence of NGOs on local knowledge. It seeks to contribute to the need to implement sustainable conservation strategies and successful community-based management plans.

Improving aging resistance and fatigue performance of asphalt binders using inorganic nanoparticles

The use of inorganic nanoparticles in asphalt binders and mixtures to improve performance related properties have gained a popularity in recent years. Extremely large interface area with asphalt binder matrix is the most important feature of these nanoparticles which translates in a higher degree of changes in the microstructure of asphalt binder. In this research, different inorganic nanoparticles of SiO2, TiO2 and CaCO3 were mixed with asphalt binder and the chemical and microstructural properties of the nanocomposites were evaluated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The effect of oxidative aging has been investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy as well as the determination of viscoelastic properties of the modified binders. Furthermore, strain-controlled Time Sweep and Linear Amplitude Sweep tests were used to evaluate the performance of nanocomposites against fatigue cracking. The results indicated improved aging resistance by addition of TiO2 and CaCO3 nanoparticles to asphalt binder. Moreover, nano silica enhanced fatigue properties in the whole range of strain levels. However, different variables such as additive content and strain level affected the fatigue behavior of TiO2 and CaCO3 modified binders.

Characterizing, monitoring, and simulating land cover dynamics using GlobeLand30: A case study from 2000 to 2030

Land cover maps provide us with a unique opportunity to monitor our environmental and anthropogenic resources over space and time. Temporal land cover maps increase the efficiency of land monitoring process by providing a set of observations so that any changes in the landscape can be tracked. So far, many land change monitoring efforts have been limited to small regions and analysing local processes, because there has been a lack of fine resolution global land cover maps for regional and global studies. Recently, the availability of bi-temporal GlobeLand30 product for years 2000 and 2010 has strengthened our land monitoring observations through a 10-year window at 30-meter resolution. The main objective of this study is to explore the land cover changes within 2000–2010 in one of the most dynamic regions in the Middle East. To do so, GlobeLand30 datasets were used for characterizing the regional landscapes and the distribution of the existing land cover types. Moreover, the study aims at predicting the future land cover patterns by 2030 based on the historical changes. The quantitative analysis reveals a high degree of changes from the majority of land types to barelands with the highest contribution from grasslands and shrublands. The vibrant spots of change are located on central Iran towards its eastern border while the persistent spots are located on its north and northwestern parts. The predictive measures using Markov chain analysis message forthcoming changes in favor of increasing barelands being taken from grasslands, cultivated lands, and shrublands. The findings are beneficial to a wide range of end users including academics, land managers, and environmentalists on a) which resources were available in the first decade of 21st century, and b) how they were treated within a decade, and c) how the resources will evolve within the following two decades. Further discussions on the achieved results and future directions of research are presented in the conclusions.

Sulfate and acid resistance of lithomarge-based geopolymer mortars

The resistance of room temperature cured geopolymer mortars (GPM) against chemical attacks, i.e. sodium and magnesium sulfate solutions, and sulfuric and hydrochloric acid solutions, was evaluated. GPMs were formulated using a lithomarge precursor (low-purity kaolin) to achieve 28-day characteristic compressive strengths of 37.5 and 60 MPa. Their performance was compared with those of equivalent Portland cement mortars (PCMs) having the same paste volume and strength grade. GPMs with both strength grades showed superior performance against sulfate attack when compared to PCMs. No visual deterioration was observed in GPMs, the mass and length changes were relatively small, and no changes to the microstructure were detected – in contrast to severely deteriorated PCMs. As confirmed by visual observations and lower mass loss, GPMs showed better resistance to attack by both acids than PCMs. GPMs provided a better quality (lower permeability) of an acid-degraded layer, lowering the degree of further deterioration. The main mechanisms of the matrix deterioration of GPMs in both acids was dealumination of the hardened binder, with a higher degree of changes detected for sulfuric acid.