High Definition Research Articles

Representation of Social Determinants of Health terminology in medical subject headings: impact of added terms.

To enhance and evaluate the quality of PubMed search results for Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) through the addition of new SDoH terms to Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). High priority SDoH terms and definitions were collated from authoritative sources, curated based on publication frequencies, and refined by subject matter experts. Descriptive analyses were used to investigate how PubMed search details and best match results were affected by the addition of SDoH concepts to MeSH. Three information retrieval metrics (Precision, Recall, and F measure) were used to quantitatively assess the accuracy of PubMed search results. Pre- and post-update documents were clustered into topic areas using a Natural Language Processing pipeline, and SDoH relevancy assessed. Addition of 35 SDoH terms to MeSH resulted in more accurate algorithmic translations of search terms and more reliable best match results. The Precision, Recall, and F measures of post-update results were significantly higher than those of pre-update results. The percentage of retrieved publications belonging to SDoH clusters was significantly greater in the post- than pre-update searches. This evaluation confirms that inclusion of new SDoH terms in MeSH can lead to qualitative and quantitative enhancements in PubMed search retrievals. It demonstrates the methodology for and impact of suggesting new terms for MeSH indexing. It provides a foundation for future efforts across behavioral and social science research (BSSR) domains. Improving the representation of BSSR terminology in MeSH can improve PubMed search results, thereby enhancing the ability of investigators and clinicians to build and utilize a cumulative BSSR knowledge base.

The palace of Charles V in the Alhambra: graphic analysis of the ‘large plan’ (circa 1532)

Around 1526, Emperor Charles V decided to build a new Renaissance palace in addition to the Nasrid palaces in the Alhambra of Granada, a monumental site currently included in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) World Heritage List. In that period, a large floor plan, which is preserved today at the Library of the Royal Palace of Madrid, was drawn to represent the building and its surroundings. Although this anonymous drawing has attracted considerable historiographic interest, a study of the graphical aspects analysed here, namely, paper assemblage, drawing technique, representation system, metrology, graphical scale, dimensioning, and labelling, is lacking. To accomplish this analysis, the original document was carefully examined and digitalised with high definition. This process allowed a comprehensive graphic analysis, utilising other drawings from the same period as a comparative reference and studying for the first time the major characteristics of one of the most relevant architectural drawings of the 16th century.

Diagnostic Accuracy of the Desmopressin Stimulation Test in the Comprehensive Assessment of ACTH-Dependent Cushing’s Syndrome: A Comparative Analysis with BIPSS and TSS

ABSTRACT Background Cushing’s syndrome (CS) poses diagnostic challenges, particularly in distinguishing pituitary-dependent Cushing’s syndrome, Cushing’s disease (CD), from the ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS). This study evaluated the diagnostic value of the desmopressin stimulation test (DST) in patients with ACTH-dependent CS in helping this discrimination. Methods Twenty-three ACTH-dependent CS patients underwent sequential DST, bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS), and transsphenoidal surgery (TSS). Two definitions of a positive DST results were applied. Diagnostic performance was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and likelihood ratios. To avoid bias from predetermined criteria, we generated univariate receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves, plotting sensitivity against 1-specificity at various percentage cortisol and ACTH response levels. Results Against BIPSS, DST demonstrated robust sensitivity (Definition 1: 90.0%, Definition 2: 76.2%) and overall accuracy (Definition 1: 87.0%, Definition 2: 73.9%). PPV was high (Definition 1: 95.0%, Definition 2: 94.1%), but NPV indicated potential false negatives. Compared to TSS, DST showed good sensitivity (Definition 1: 90.9–77.3%) and PPV (100.0%) but limited NPV (16.7%). The likelihood ratios emphasized the diagnostic value of the test. Notably, against TSS, DST showed perfect discriminatory power (AUC 1.000 for percent ACTH, 0.983 for percent cortisol). Conclusion The desmopressin test shows promise in accurately identifying the underlying cause of ACTH-dependent CS, potentially reducing the reliance on invasive procedures and providing a practical solution for managing complex cases. Further research with larger cohorts is required to validate the utility of the DST in routine clinical practice.

Tightly coupled integration of vector HD map, LiDAR, GNSS, and INS for precise vehicle navigation in GNSS-challenging environment

ABSTRACT High-precision positioning and navigation are necessary for autonomous driving. GNSS RTK and INS integrated system is commonly used in vehicular navigation. But it suffers from severe signal reflections and blockages of GNSS signals and error accumulation of INS with MEMS-IMU in GNSS-challenging environment. In addition, high-definition (HD) maps in vector format and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) are two common options for intelligent vehicles. A tightly coupled localization method with vector HD map, LiDAR, GNSS RTK, and INS is proposed to take advantage of their complementary characteristics to accurately navigate a vehicle in a GNSS-challenging environment. The method is based on a particle filter (PF) framework. Lateral positions of particles are constrained by LiDAR measurements and lane information in the vector HD map. A constrained and damped LAMBDA searching method is proposed to update particle weights, aiming to find accurate longitudinal localization. Experimental results prove that our method can maintain sub-meter level horizontal positioning accuracy in GNSS-challenging environment, with improvements of (77%, 75%, 64% and 65%), regarding to three-dimensional position and yaw, compared to traditional GNSS-RTK/INS integration, while the improvement of the popular GNSS-RTK/INS/LiDAR integrated framework LIO-SAM is (16%, 53%, 48% and 51%).

Comparison of Measurement and Prognostic Power of SUV Between High-Definition and Standard PET Imaging in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

This study aimed to evaluate the measurement and prognostic ability of the SUVmax of whole-body tumors (SUVmaxwb) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, comparing high-definition (HD) PET imaging with standard-definition (SD) PET imaging. Methods: The study included 242 consecutive NSCLC patients who underwent baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT from April 2018 to January 2021. Two imaging techniques were used: HD PET (using ordered-subsets expectation maximization with point-spread function modeling and time-of-flight techniques and smaller voxels) and SD PET (with ordered-subsets expectation maximization and time-of-flight techniques). SUVmaxwb was determined by measuring all the tumor lesions in the whole body, and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) was calculated using the background SUVmean of various body parts. Results: The patient cohort had an average age of 68.3 y, with 59.1% being female. During a median follow-up of 29.6 mo, 83 deaths occurred. SUVmaxwb was significantly higher in HD PET than SD PET, with respective medians of 17.4 and 11.8. The TBR of 1,125 tumoral lesions was also higher in HD PET. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that SUVmaxwb from both HD and SD PET were significantly associated with overall survival. However, after adjusting for TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) stage, only SUVmaxwb from SD PET remained significantly associated with survival. Conclusion: HD PET imaging in NSCLC patients yields higher SUVmaxwb and TBR, enhancing tumor visibility. Despite this, its prognostic value is less significant than SD PET after adjusting clinical TNM stage. Thus, consideration should be given to using HD PET reconstruction to increase tumor visibility, and SD PET is recommended for NSCLC patient prognostication and therapeutic evaluation, as well as for the classification of lung nodules.

Reliability of Kudo’s Glandular Pit Pattern in Predicting Colorectal Lesion Histology at Routine Colonoscopy with Digital Chromoendoscopy

Background. The large number of lesions detected via high-definition (HD) imaging during colonoscopy calls for the reliable real-time histological characterization of polyps, especially diminutive and small ones, to permit tailored management based on the neoplastic risk, such as a “resect-and-discard” or a “diagnose-and-leave” strategy for low-risk adenomas and hyperplastic polyps (HPs). The Kudo classification of glandular pit pattern is currently used for predicting polyp histology. Aim. The aim in this study was to assess whether Kudo’s glandular pit pattern, assessed via HD digital chromoendoscopy (i-Scan) without magnification and optical enhancement, reliably predicts polyp histology and differentiates neoplastic lesions (NLs) from non-neoplastic lesions (non-NLs) during routine colonoscopy. Methods. Consecutive colorectal lesions recorded in a database over 12 months, with Kudo’s glandular pit pattern classification, were retrospectively compared with histology. The diagnostic accuracy and negative predictive value (NPV) for adenomatous histology of Kudo’s pit patterns were assessed separately for diminutive (≤5 mm) and small (6–9 mm) polyps, accordingly to the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable Endoscopic Innovations (PIVI), and in large (≥10 mm) lesions. Results. A total of 2230 lesions were recorded: 898 diminutive, 704 small, and 628 large. Kudo’s type II pit pattern was prevalent in diminutive polyps and recognized mostly in HPs (83.27%); it was also found in 38.8% of adenomas. In the right colon, Kudo’s type II pit pattern was prevalent in adenomas (70.04% vs. 20.74% in HPs); among the serrated lesions, it was evenly distributed between HPs and adenomas. Kudo’s type IIIL/IIIs/IV pit pattern was prevalent in NLs (61% vs. 8.37% of non-NLs) in diminutive polyps, evenly distributed between non-NLs and NLs in small polyps, and found only in NLs in large polyps. Kudo’s type Vi/Vn pit pattern correctly identified all but one adenocarcinoma. The NPV for adenomatous histology did not reach the recommended 90% PIVI threshold for differentiation between NLs and non-NLs in diminutive polyps showing Kudo’s type II pit pattern and in small polyps showing type IIIL/IIIs/IV pit pattern. Conclusions. Kudo’s pit pattern classification carried out with digital chromoendoscopy (i-Scan) during routine colonoscopy does not allow the reliable differentiation between non-NLs and NLs in diminutive and small polyps, so a “diagnose-and-leave” strategy for diminutive polyps may leave undetected adenomas, while a “resect-and-discard” strategy could miss lesions requiring closer follow-up.

Neuroprotection of Transcranial Cortical and Peripheral Somatosensory Electrical Stimulation by Modulating a Common Neuronal Death Pathway in Mice with Ischemic Stroke.

Therapeutic electrical stimulation, such as transcranial cortical stimulation and peripheral somatosensory stimulation, is used to improve motor function in patients with stroke. We hypothesized that these stimulations exert neuroprotective effects during the subacute phase of ischemic stroke by regulating novel common signaling pathways. Male C57BL/6J mouse models of ischemic stroke were treated with high-definition (HD)-transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS; 20 Hz, 89.1 A/mm2), HD-transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS; intensity, 55 A/mm2; charge density, 66,000 C/m2), or electroacupuncture (EA, 2 Hz, 1 mA) in the early stages of stroke. The therapeutic effects were assessed using behavioral motor function tests. The underlying mechanisms were determined using transcriptomic and other biomedical analyses. All therapeutic electrical tools alleviated the motor dysfunction caused by ischemic stroke insults. We focused on electrically stimulating common genes involved in apoptosis and cell death using transcriptome analysis and chose 11 of the most potent targets (Trem2, S100a9, Lgals3, Tlr4, Myd88, NF-kB, STAT1, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and Iba1). Subsequent investigations revealed that electrical stimulation modulated inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and TNF-α, by regulating STAT1 and NF-kB activation, especially in amoeboid microglia; moreover, electrical stimulation enhanced neuronal survival by activating neurotrophic factors, including BDNF and FGF9. Therapeutic electrical stimulation applied to the transcranial cortical- or periphery-nerve level to promote functional recovery may improve neuroprotection by modulating a common neuronal death pathway and upregulating neurotrophic factors. Therefore, combining transcranial cortical and peripheral somatosensory stimulation may exert a synergistic neuroprotective effect, further enhancing the beneficial effects on motor deficits in patients with ischemic stroke.

Multidimensional Encryption by Chip-Integrated Metasurfaces.

Facing the challenge of information security in the current era of information technology, optical encryption based on metasurfaces presents a promising solution to this issue. However, most metasurface-based encryption techniques rely on limited decoding keys and struggle to achieve multidimensional complex encryption. It hinders the progress of optical storage capacity and puts encryption security at a disclosing risk. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a multidimensional encryption system based on chip-integrated metasurfaces that successfully incorporates the simultaneous manipulation of three-dimensional optical parameters, including wavelength, direction, and polarization. Hence, up to eight-channel augmented reality (AR) holograms are concealed by near- and far-field fused encryption, which can only be extracted by correctly providing the three-dimensional decoding keys and then vividly exhibit to the authorizer with low crosstalk, high definition, and no zero-order speckle noise. We envision that the miniature chip-integrated metasurface strategy for multidimensional encryption functionalities promises a feasible route toward the encryption capacity and information security enhancement of the anticounterfeiting performance and optically cryptographic storage.

The Value of Endoscopic Exposure of Round Window in Cochlear Implant via Facial Recess

Abstract Background Cochlear implantation (CI) has been considered as the best treatment in patients with severe to profound hearing loss unaidable with hearing aids. The main value of endoscope-assisted cochlear implantation is improved visibility of the RW and reduced risk of complications, especially in patients with congenital malformations. Aim of the Work The aim of the present study was to assess the value of endoscopic assisted CI surgery via facial recess approach without elevating tympanic anulus. Methods This Prospective case series study non-randomized sample was performed on a total of 50 patients with severe to profound hearing loss unaidable with hearing aids undergoing unilateral endoscopic assisted cochlear implant surgery with round window electrode insertion at Ain Shams University hospitals from April 2020 till March 2022 and approved 94/2020MD by an ethical committee before the start of the recruitment. Results 50 CI operations with endoscopic assistance were prospectively evaluated. There were 23 male (46%) and 27 female (54%) patients. The majority of the cases were children (41 cases, 82%). Of those 50 patients, 39 (78%) were prelingually hearing impaired. Four cases (8%) had various inner ear abnormalities. The standard mastoidectomy and Posterior Tympanotomy (PT) approach were used for all cases. Med-El (FLEX28TM; FLEX24TM Med-El, Innsbruck, Australia), Advanced Bionics (AB)Mid-Scala Electrode and CochlearTM (NUCLEUS® CI422 WITH SLIM STRAIGHT, NUCLEUS® CI24RE CONTOUR ADVANCETM, Sydney, Australia) implants were used. Endoscope-assisted visualization of the RW region through the PT was performed in all cases Rigid endoscopes with 0o and 30o (1.9, 2.7 and 4 mm in width, 11 and 6 cm in length) and an HD (high-definition) camera system (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) were used for the endoscopic evaluation. The RW region was visualized and identified by inserting the endoscope through the PT without elevating the tympanic annulus. Then we switched to the microscope and drilled the RW niche (tegmen) using both hands until a circumferential view of the RW membrane is obtained. After proper exposure, the electrode was inserted through an opening in the RW membrane mostly under microscopical vision. Endoscopic identification of the RW through the PT enabled us to perform regular surgery in all cases. The current study concludes the difference between microscopic exposure and endoscopic exposure represented by Saint Tomas classification regarding round window exposure found that endoscopic exposure of round window classification is better represented by downgrading in the classification of round window exposure as type I 29(58%), type IIa 18(36%) type IIb 3 (6%) Non were type III by endoscopic exposure compared to microscopic exposure of round window is a type I 7(14%), type II 14(28%), type IIb 22(44%) and type III 7 (14%). Conclusion As evident from the current study, Endoscopy proved a great value in exposure and identification of RW in CI surgery through posterior tympanotomy approach, especially in difficult cases. Endoscopic-assisted CI through facial recess could be easily done using 1.9mm 0-degree endoscopy even in cases e narrow PT or rotated cochlea

Role of confocal laser endomicroscopy compared to high definition i- scan video bronchoscopy in patients with suspected lung cancer

Abstract Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Overall 5-year survival is poor at 15% with little improvement over the last twenty years (1.59 million deaths). Besides effective prevention strategies against the commonest risk factor; tobacco smoking, lung cancer mortality can be reduced if cases are detected and treated early. It is important to detect bronchial carcinoma in situ (CIS) since over 40% of these can develop into invasive cancer. Screening tests using sputum cytology and chest radiograph have been used with limited success Objective to study the diagnostic performance of confocal laser endomicroscopy in comparison to high definition i-scan videobronchoscopy in patients with suspected lung cancer. Patients and Methods The study was performed at Pulmonary diseases hospital in Kobry Elkobba military complex for 2 years since January 2018 to December 2019. The study included 25 patients all had chest CT findings suspicious of lung cancer. Results i-scan findings showed 68% accuracy and 73.3% specificity, and findings of confocal laser endomicroscopy were 92% accuracy and 90% specificity. Conclusion This was the preliminary study establishing patient characteristics in Egypt in the form of a comparison between tow methods of diagnosis of lung cancer. The study showed the higher sensitivity of confocal laser endomicroscopy in the diagnosis of lung cancer approved by the results of the pathological specimens optioned under the visual of confocal laser endomicroscopy in comparison to I-scan method.

A Comprehensive Survey on High-Definition Map Generation and Maintenance

The automotive industry has experienced remarkable growth in recent decades, with a significant focus on advancements in autonomous driving technology. While still in its early stages, the field of autonomous driving has generated substantial research interest, fueled by the promise of achieving fully automated vehicles in the foreseeable future. High-definition (HD) maps are central to this endeavor, offering centimeter-level accuracy in mapping the environment and enabling precise localization. Unlike conventional maps, these highly detailed HD maps are critical for autonomous vehicle decision-making, ensuring safe and accurate navigation. Compiled before testing and regularly updated, HD maps meticulously capture environmental data through various methods. This study explores the vital role of HD maps in autonomous driving, delving into their creation, updating processes, and the challenges and future directions in this rapidly evolving field.

Thermographic observation of fast ion impact areas in the NBI ducts of TJ-II

Infrared thermography has been used to study the fast ion impact areas in the Co and Counter NBI ducts of TJ-II. Statistical results of the distribution of accumulated impacts on the walls of the duct have been obtained with an ion trajectory code. A more realistic description is obtained by coupling a beam simulation code to produce the ion birth point distribution. In this way, the main interception areas for both injectors have been found. Those areas constitute the Regions of Interest (ROI's) for the IR thermography system. The up-graded IR system, with its high definition MIR camera, enlarged window, and precision support and displacement mechanisms for camera and mirror, allows such ROI's to be captured. The optimal alignment parameters of the camera and mirror have been obtained with the optical simulation code ZEMAX, and the feasibility of the mechanical configuration in the crowded window environment has been checked with a CAD program, also used to simulate the field of view inside the ducts. Finally, infrared images of the ducts during beam pulses without magnetic field and with magnetic field have been compared, to obtain highlighted images of the fast ion impact areas in both ducts, showing the expected stellarator symmetry.

Global Navigation Satellite System/Inertial Measurement Unit/Camera/HD Map Integrated Localization for Autonomous Vehicles in Challenging Urban Tunnel Scenarios

Lane-level localization is critical for autonomous vehicles (AVs). However, complex urban scenarios, particularly tunnels, pose significant challenges to AVs’ localization systems. In this paper, we propose a fusion localization method that integrates multiple mass-production sensors, including Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs), Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), cameras, and high-definition (HD) maps. Firstly, we use a novel electronic horizon module to assess GNSS integrity and concurrently load the HD map data surrounding the AVs. This map data are then transformed into a visual space to match the corresponding lane lines captured by the on-board camera using an improved BiSeNet. Consequently, the matched HD map data are used to correct our localization algorithm, which is driven by an extended Kalman filter that integrates multiple sources of information, encompassing a GNSS, IMU, speedometer, camera, and HD maps. Our system is designed with redundancy to handle challenging city tunnel scenarios. To evaluate the proposed system, real-world experiments were conducted on a 36-kilometer city route that includes nine consecutive tunnels, totaling near 13 km and accounting for 35% of the entire route. The experimental results reveal that 99% of lateral localization errors are less than 0.29 m, and 90% of longitudinal localization errors are less than 3.25 m, ensuring reliable lane-level localization for AVs in challenging urban tunnel scenarios.

Is YouTube Reliable to Teach Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass?

The increasing prevalence of obesity has led to the popularity of bariatric surgery. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is one of the most complex methods in bariatric surgery. The main steps of LRYGB were determined in the Delphi Consensus. This study investigated the instructiveness and reliability of YouTube videos about LRYGB based on the Delphi Consensus. In February 2024, three different searches were done in the search bar of the YouTube platform with the terms "laparoscopic gastric bypass" "laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass" and "laparoscopic RYGB". The first 50 videos in each search were evaluated. Animations, lectures, advertisements, non-English videos, and non-surgical videos (pre-surgery, post-surgery vlog, etc.) were excluded from the study. Delphi consensus steps were used to determine the reliability of the videos. The quality of the videos was measured using the Global Quality Scale (GQS) and modified DISCERN test. Forty-five videos were included in the evaluation. While 14 (31.1%) of these videos were classified as reliable, 31 (68.8%) were not found reliable. In reliable videos, video description, high definition (HD) resolution, GQS, and modified DISCERNwere significantly higher(p-value 0.023, 0.004, 0.017, and 0.025 respectively). The rate of unreliable videos was higher on the YouTube platform. We conclude that YouTube alone is insufficient to learn LRYGB.

A Review on End-to-End High-Definition Map Generation

Abstract. Autonomous driving offers benefits such as congestion mitigation, increased productivity through the reallocation of driving time, and decreased energy waste. However, achieving Level 4 and 5 autonomous driving remains a significant challenge for both academia and industry. Among the various modules of autonomous driving, High-Definition (HD) maps have become a crucial component due to their high precision in map elements, enabling accurate localization, scene interpretation, navigation, vehicle control and motion forecasting of trajectory of surrounding objects. Several map providers, including TomTom, HERE, Waymo, and NVIDIA, create HD maps for their specific purposes. However, most HD map datasets are not publicly available for individual researchers and companies to investigate the current trends in HD map generation. Furthermore, recent survey papers on HD map generation have tended to focus only on specific aspects, such as road topology or boundary extraction, rather than considering the overall end-to-end HD map generation process. Therefore, we begin with a brief definition, standards, and functionality of HD maps, followed by an exploration of different types of HD maps, including offline and online variants, highlighting their respective advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we will discuss the most recent end-to-end HD map generation architectures, along with various types of open-source HD map datasets and compare their performances.

31‐4: Curved and Fast Response Time Vertical‐alignment (VA) Liquid Crystal Gaming Display Development

We propose a fast response scheme for high definition curved VA LCD Panel. We make curved panel with different dual PI on the Array and CF substrate to obtain different pretilt angle. Fast response liquid crystal (LC) and Larger storage capacitance are used on curved panel, we can obtain fast response time without over driving (GTGavg= 6.2ms, GTGmax =9.1ms).

MSTG: Multi-Scale Transformer with Gradient for joint spatio-temporal enhancement

Despite the widespread availability of HDR (High Dynamic Range) display devices, the majority of video sources are still stored in SDR (Standard Dynamic Range) format, leading to an urgent need for UHD (Ultra High Definition) video reconstruction. A simple solution is to divide the task into two sub-tasks: video super-resolution (SR) and video Bit-Depth Enhancement (BDE). While some joint enhancement tasks led by SR have been explored in multiple dimensions, the quantitative dimension has often been overlooked. In this paper, we address the first joint task of BDE and SR and propose a succinct network called MSTG. We conduct a systematic analysis to explain how this effect can be achieved and overcome the core challenge arising from distortions exacerbated by the differing optimization directions of BDE and SR. This challenge is attributed to indistinguishable contours and detailed textures. To tackle this, we employ a dual-branch module that leverages both gradient and image information to discern between BDE and SR. Furthermore, we propose a novel model named Cross-scale Transformer (CTF) embedded with Cross-scale Attention (CSA). This model facilitates information aggregation while adaptively utilizing structural similarity features. It jointly extracts, aligns, and fuses frame features at multiple scales, forming the MST module. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the cascaded video enhancement methods by large margins on both synthetic and realistic datasets.

P‐224: Late‐News Poster: Development of 660Hz LCD with Low Resistance Gate LTPS Backplane

16‐inch FHD+ (Full High Definition Plus, 1920*1200) LCD featuring LTPS TFTs with a new low‐resistance alloy gate metal and fast response AFFS (Advanced Fringe Field Switching) liquid crystal technology has been developed, which achieves a ClearMR value of 9000 at 480Hz frame rate and fulfills the requirement for product reliability test. These technologies, including the new gate metal TFTs and employing Fast‐Response time liquid crystal, have also been implemented in a 17.3‐inch FHD (Full High Definition, 1920*1080) gaming laptop LCD. This larger panel operates at an even higher frame rate of 660Hz and higher ClearMR values with GtG (Gray to Gray) liquid crystal response time within 1ms. These advancements mark significant progress in the field of high‐performance gaming displays.

Vein of Marshall ethanol infusion related lesion durability. A randomized dual centre pilot study

Abstract Introduction Vein of Marshall ethanol infusion (VOM-EI) creates a local ablation which includes epicardial bridges, AF triggers, vein innervation and facilitates mitral isthmus (MI) ablation. Recent trials demonstrated that in persistent AF patients the addition of VOM-EI to RF catheter ablation (CA) increased success rate vs CA alone. Moreover, a novel CA strategy (VOM-EI, PVI, and specific linear lesions set) is associated with a high rate of freedom from AF. Nevertheless, in these studies VOM-EI and RFCA were performed as different step of the same procedure. We hypothesize that performing electro-anatomical mapping (EAM) right after the VOM-EI would lead to an overestimation of ethanol-induced scar because of a certain amount of reversible oedema. This could affect the durability of the lesion set and possibly the success rate. Aim We postulated that VOM-EI performed at least 1 month earlier than RFCA would show a significantly smaller EAM low voltage area as compared to the standard strategy. Methods Patients with recurrent persistent AF with no history of previous ablation were enrolled in this randomized, dual centre, pilot study. All included patients were randomized 1:1 to group 1 (experimental): VOM-EI and after at least one month later high-definition (HD)-EAM and RFCA (PVI, MI, LA dome, cavo-tricuspid isthmus). group 2 (control): to a standard procedure (VOM-EI then 5 minute later HD-EAM and RFCA). Primary endpoint was ethanol induced HD-EAM scar area. According to the endpoint patients with unsuccessful VOM-EI were excluded. Moreover patiets with or no branches morphology, VOM dissection, and mechanical leakage were also excluded because these are demonstrated to be related to a smaller VOM-EI related lesion. Clinical and procedure related data were also collected. Results Forty consecutive patients met the inclusion criteria. The two groups did not differ for baseline characteristics (see table 1). Mean ethanol-induced HD-EAM scar area was significantly smaller in 20 patients where VOM-EI was performed at least 1 month earlier as compared to the standard procedure group (2,5±2,4 vs 11,2±9,5 cm2, p=0,018). The set of linear lesions was successful achieved in all patients. Notably the two group did not differ for any procedural technical aspect of mitral isthmus block (table 1). Neither VOM-EI nor AF ablation procedure related complications were recorded. Conclusion This is the fist randomized pilot study to demonstrate that a consistent amount of ethanol-induced related lesion could be reversible at least in its endocardial aspect of the left atrium. This would possibly affect the long-term stability of the lesion set. Notably, we still had a high rate of block at first mitral line attempt which could possibly be related to a persistent effect of VEOM-EI on the epicardial aspect of the left atrium. Larger population, randomized trial is needed to confirm this preliminary result and if it would affect the procedure success.Table 1Picture 1

Review on the impact of cell phone radiation effects on green plants.

The aim of this review is to assess the impact of cell phone radiation effects on green plants. Rapid progress in networking and communication systems has introduced frequency- and amplitude-modulated technologies to the world with higher allowed bands and greater speed by using high-powered radio generators, which facilitate high definition connectivity, rapid transfer of larger data files, and quick multiple accesses. These cause frequent exposure of cellular radiation to the biological world from a number of sources. Key factors like a range of frequencies, time durations, power densities, and electric fields were found to have differential impacts on the growth and development of green plants. As far as the effects on green plants are concerned in this review, alterations in their morphological characteristics like overall growth, canopy density, and pigmentation to physiological variations like chlorophyll fluorescence and change in membrane potential etc. have been found to be affected by cellular radiation. On the other hand, elevated oxidative status of the cell, macromolecular damage, and lipid peroxidation have been found frequently. On the chromosomal level, micronuclei formation, spindle detachments, and increased mitotic indexes etc. have been noticed. Transcription factors were found to be overexpressed in many cases due to the cellular radiation impact, which shows effects at the molecular level.