High Copper Concentrations Research Articles

Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Influenced Ionome, Reduced Growth, Altered Pigments and Stomatal Morphology in Mentha arvensis L.

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are being enormously used in agriculture, aquaculture, textile, cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries. CuO NPs are reported to make their presence in soil water and air due to their release in the environment. Mentha arvensis L. (Lamiaceae) is commercially grown for essential oil across the world due to its medicinal value. The present study reports the responses of M. arvensis to CuO nanoparticles (0.0–5.0 μg mL-1) after 18 d exposure. The build-up of high copper concentrations in M. arvensis plant tissues (roots and leaves) confirms the internalization and movement of CuO NPs in shoots. CuO NPs modified ionomes of roots and leaves of M. arvensis. Both roots and leaves of M. arvensis plants exposed to CuO NPs exhibit altered levels of micro (reduced Fe, Mn, and upregulated Zn and Mo contents) and macronutrients (decreased Ca, Mg and K levels). Further, CuO NPs decreased biomass, total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and relative water contents and increased carotenoids and anthocyanin contents in M. arvensis leaves. Besides, CuO NPs caused alteration in stomatal morphology of test plant. The present study suggests sustainable use and environmental release of CuO NPs due to their possible bio-toxic consequences.

Nitrate modulates the physiological tolerance responses of the halophytic species Sarcocornia fruticosa to copper excess

Coexistence impact of pollutants of different nature on halophytes tolerance to metal excess has not been thoroughly examined, and plant functional responses described so far do not follow a clear pattern. Using the Cu-tolerant halophyte Sarcocornia fruticosa as a model species, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to evaluate the impact of two concentration of copper (0 and 12 mM CuSO4) in combination with three nitrate levels (2, 14 and 50 mM KNO3) on plant growth, photosynthetic apparatus performance and ROS-scavenging enzymes system. The results revealed that S. fruticosa was able to grow adequately even when exposed to high concentrations of copper and nitrate. This response was linked to the plant capacity to uptake and retain a large amount of copper in its roots (up to 1500 mg kg−1 Cu), preventing its transport to aerial parts. This control of translocation was further magnified with nitrate concentration increment. Likewise, although Cu excess impaired S. fruticosa carbon assimilation capacity, the plant was able to downregulate its light-harvesting complexes function, as indicated its lowers ETR values, especially at 12 mM Cu + 50 mM NO3. This downregulation would contribute to avoid excess energy absorption and transformation. In addition, this strategy of avoiding excess energy was accompanied by the upregulation of all ROS-scavenging enzymes, a response that was further enhanced by the increase in nitrate concentration. Therefore, we conclude that the coexistence of nitrate would favor S. fruticosa tolerance to copper excess, and this effect is mediated by the combined activation of several tolerance mechanisms.

Soil Fertility Status of Major Coconut Growing Soils of Tumkur District, Karnataka, India

A study was conducted to assess the soil fertility status of major coconut growing soils of Tumkur district of Karnataka with soil pedon locations being Turuvekere and Gubbi. The results revealed that soils of the study area were slightly to strongly alkaline in reaction and non-saline in nature. The organic carbon content was varying from low to high and it followed decreasing trend with soil depth in both soil profiles (Turuvekere and Gubbi). The clay distribution, cation exchange capacity and base saturation of the soils varied from 17.83 to 60.37 per cent, 8.71 to 28.86 cmol (p+) kg-1 and 75.53 to 93.42 per cent, respectively. The macronutrient status of the soil samples indicated that the available nitrogen and phosphorus varied from low to medium, and available potassium content was varying from low to high. Analysis of secondary nutrients showed that exchangeable calcium and magnesium were found to be sufficient but available sulphur was varying from deficient to sufficient level in these soils. The DTPA extractable micronutrients viz., iron, manganese, zinc and boron were found to be deficient in entire study area where as copper was varying from deficient to adequate level with surface soil having relatively high copper content than subsurface soil.

Simulated gastric leachate of 3D printer metal-fill filaments induces cytotoxic effects in rat and human intestinal models

Metals are used in 3-dimensional (3D) printer filaments in the manufacture of 3D printed objects. Exposure to the filaments, printed objects and emissions from printing may pose health risks from release of toxic metals. This study investigated the cytotoxicity of extruded 3D printer filament leachates in rat and human intestinal cells. Copper-, bronze-, and steel-fill extruded filaments were incubated in acidic media for 2 h. Leachates were adjusted to pH 7 and cells exposed for 4 or 24 h. Concentration- and time-dependent decreases in rat and human cell viability were observed using a colorimetric assay and confirmed by microscopy. Copper- and bronze-fill leachates were more cytotoxic than steel. Copper-fill leachates had the highest copper concentrations by ICP-MS. Exposure to CuSO4 resulted in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in rat cells. The copper chelator bathocuproine disulphonate alleviated cytotoxicity of CuSO4 and copper-fill leachate, suggesting that copper ions have a role in the cytotoxicity. Hydrogen peroxide increased and glutathione decreased in rat cells exposed to copper-fill leachate, suggesting the formation of reactive oxygen species. Overall, our data indicate that metals released from the acidic exposure of print objects using metal-fill filaments, especially copper, are toxic to rat and human intestinal cells and additional studies are needed.

Evaluation of Haemopoietic Parameters of Selected Ethnomedicinal Remedies

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 2 billion people, or 30% of the world's population, are affected by anaemia. In low- and middle-income countries, the prevalence of anaemia is highest among women of reproductive age and young children, with estimates suggesting that up to 60% of pregnant women and nearly 50% of preschool children suffer from anaemia.Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the haemopoietic parameters of four traditionally used blood building plants; Justicia carnea, Jathropha tanjorensis, Sorghum bicolor and Tetracera alnifolia; whose anti-anaemic parameters have not been compared.Method: The crude extracts were obtained by macerating 100g of each plant sample in methanol and dichloromethane, followed by concentrating the extracts using a rotary evaporator and drying in a desiccator. Phytochemical screening, elemental analysis, vitamin B3, B6, B12 analysis and GC-MS were carried out on the plant samples; J. tanjorensis, J. carnea, S. bicolor and T. alnifolia.Results: Phytochemical screening showed the presence of Triterpenoids, Flavonoids, Tannins, saponins, Phlobatamins, Anthraquinones, Cardiac glycosides, Steroids, Carbohydrates, and proteins. GC-MS analysis revealed some compounds.Conclusion: A comparison of the concentrations of the mineral and vitamins analysed revealed that J. tanjorensis had high concentrations of copper, iron and zinc, but was not statistically significant compared to the other plants investigated. The results obtained from the analysis of the vitamins, showed that Sorghum bicolor had high concentrations of vitamins: B3, B6 and B12 to the plants. Also. vitamin B3 was significantly higher at p<0.05 in Sorghum bicolor. The findings from this study showed that the investigated plants are suitable candidates for the development of blood building medications and their use in traditional settings as blood tonics is warranted. Furthermore, Sorghum bicolor is the most promising of the four medicinal plants as a candidate for further therapeutic studies.

Copper-Induced Chemosensory Impairment is Reversed by a Short Depuration Period in Northern Clearwater Crayfish (Faxonius propinquus).

Crayfish rely on their chemosensory system for many essential behaviours including finding food, finding mates, and to recognize individuals. Copper can impair chemosensation in crayfish at low concentrations; however, it is not clear if the effect is ameliorated once copper is removed. To better understand the effect of and recovery from copper exposure in crayfish, we exposed Northern clearwater crayfish (Faxonius propinquus) to 31.3 [Formula: see text] copper for 24h and measured the response of the crayfish to a food cue. The crayfish were then placed into clean water to depurate for an 24h. The results demonstrated that the crayfish did not respond to a food cue if they had been exposed to copper, but showed a full response after a 24h recovery period without copper. Higher concentrations of copper have shown a much longer-term effect in rusty crayfish (Faxonius rustics), indicating there is a concentration where the copper is causing longer-term damage instead of just impairing chemosensation. These results highlight the fact that even though contaminants like copper can have profound effects at low concentrations, by removing the contaminants the effect can be ameliorated.

Influence of copper and silicon on phase transformations in the iron – carbon system

Influence of copper and silicon on phase transformations in the iron – carbon system

A Cu(Ⅱ)-eluting coating through silk fibroin film on ZE21B alloy designed for in situ endotheliazation biofunction

In the cardiovascular field, coating containing copper used to catalyze NO (nitric oxide) production on non-degradable metal surfaces have shown unparalleled expected performance, but there are few studies on biodegradable metal surfaces. Magnesium-based biodegradable metals have been applied in cardiovascular field in large-scale because of their excellent properties. In this study, the coating of copper loaded in silk fibroin is fabricated on biodegradable ZE21B alloy. Importantly, the different content of copper is set to investigate the effects of on the degradation performance and cell behavior of magnesium alloy. Through electrochemical and immersion experiments, it is found that high content of copper will accelerate the corrosion of magnesium alloy. The reason is the spontaneous micro-batteries between copper and magnesium with the different standard electrode potentials, that is, the galvanic corrosion accelerates the corrosion of magnesium alloy. Moreover, the coating formed through silk fibroin by the right amount copper not only have a protective effect on the ZE21B alloy substrate, but also promotes the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells in blood vessel micro-environment. The production of NO catalyzed by copper ions makes this trend more significant, and inhibits the excessive proliferation of smooth muscle cells. These findings can provide guidance for the amount of copper in the coating on the surface of biodegradable magnesium alloy used for cardiovascular stent purpose.

Growth of Scenedesmus obliquus in anaerobically digested swine wastewater from different cleaning processes for pollutants removal and biomass production

Anaerobically digested swine wastewater (ASW) purification by microalgae provides a promising strategy for nutrients recovery, biomass production and CO2 capture. However, the characteristics of ASW from different cleaning processes vary greatly. At present, the cultivation of microalgae in ASW from different manure cleaning processes is rarely investigated and compared. That may bring uncertainty for microalgae growth using different ASW in large-scale application. Thus, the ASW from three cleaning processes were tested for cultivating microalgae, including manure dry collection (I), water flushing (II) and water submerging processes (III). The characteristics of ASW from three manure cleaning processes varied greatly such as nutrient and heavy metals levels. High concentration of ammonia and copper in ASW significantly inhibited microalgae growth. Fortunately, the supply of high CO2 (10%) effectively alleviated negative influences, ensuring microalgal growth at low dilution ratio. The characteristics of three ASW resulted in significant differences in microalgae growth and biomass components. The maximal biomass production in optimal diluted ASW-I, II and III reached 1.46 g L−1, 2.19 g L−1 and 2.47 g L−1, respectively. The removal of organic compounds, ammonia and phosphorus by optimal microalgae growth in diluted ASW-I, II and III was 50.6%/94.2%/64.7%, 63.7%/82.3%/57.6% and 83.2%/91.7%/59.7%, respectively.The culture in diluted ASW-I, II and III obtained the highest lipids production of 12.1 mg L−1·d−1, 16.5 mg L−1·d−1 and 19.4 mg L−1·d−1, respectively. The analysis of lipids compositions revealed that the proportion of saturated fatty acids accounted for 36.4%, 32.4% and 27.9 % in optimal diluted ASW-I, II and III, as ideal raw materials for biodiesel production.

Assessment and Review of Heavy Metals Pollution in Sediments of the Mediterranean Sea

The impact of marine sediment pollution is crucial for the health of the seas, particularly in densely populated coastal areas worldwide. This study assesses the concentration and distribution of heavy metals in the marine sediments of the main regions of the Mediterranean Sea. The results underscore high concentrations of mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and copper (Cu), whereas chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), barium (Ba), and vanadium (V) exhibit moderate values. To assess the heavy metal results, sediment quality guidelines and pollution indices (Igeo and Geochemical Signal Type-GST) were employed, revealing a consistent trend of decreasing concentrations from the coastal zone to the open sea. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) emphasizes the significant roles of Cu, Zn, Ba, and Cr in sediment chemistry. The study suggests that the distribution patterns of heavy metals are linked to wastewater discharges in coastal areas, requiring effective management strategies to ensure the health of the Mediterranean Sea.

Heavy metal concentration in soft tissues of freshwater clam (Galatea paradoxa Born 1778) from Diebu Creek, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Heavy metal concentration in soft-tissues of freshwater clam (Galatea paradoxa) from Diebu Creek, Bayelsa State, Nigeria, was investigated. Clam samples were obtained from the creek for three consecutive months from February to April 2022 and categorized into three class sizes: big (>50 mm), medium (36 - 50 mm) and small (20-35mm). Samples were analysed for cupper (Cu), lead (Pb), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). The results show that the big-size clams (17.37±0.01 mg/kg) had the highest copper concentration and small-size clams the lowest concentration (0.00±0.00 mg/kg). For lead, the big-size clams (1.48±2.52 mg/kg) also recorded the highest concentration and small-size clams (0.32±0.02 mg/kg) the lowest concentration. For iron, the highest concentration was established in big-size clams (21.81±0.17 mg/kg) and lowest concentration in small-size clams (3.55±0.10 mg/kg). In the case of zinc, the highest concentration was likewise noticed in big-size clams (30.00±0.16 mg/kg) and lowest concentration in small-size clams (0.14±0.00 mg/kg). Heavy metal concentration mean values recorded from the different sizes of clams portrayed a significant difference (P<0.05) between the mean values of big-size clams from the medium and small size clams. The concentration level of metals in the clams from Diebu Creek were within the acceptable limits therefore, meets the acceptable standards and are safe for human consumption. Heavy metals generally have relatively high density and are poisonous even at low concentrations therefore should be curtailed to the barest minimum level to reduce seafood contamination in water bodies particularly in Diebu Creek and its environs in Bayelsa State.

Antioxidant Minerals Modified the Association between Iron and Type 2 Diabetes in a Chinese Population.

Inconsistent findings exist regarding the relationship between heme iron intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) among Western and Eastern populations. Easterners tend to consume a plant-based diet which is abundant in antioxidant minerals. To examine the hypothesis that antioxidant mineral may modify the relationship between iron and T2D, we performed a case-control study by measuring the serum mineral levels in 2198 Chinese subjects. A total of 2113 T2D patients and 2458 controls were invited; 502 T2D patients and 1696 controls were finally analyzed. In the total population, high serum iron showed a positive association with T2D odds (odds ratio [OR] = 1.27 [1.04, 1.55]); high magnesium (OR = 0.18 [0.14, 0.22]), copper (OR = 0.27 [0.21, 0.33]), zinc (OR = 0.37 [0.30, 0.46]), chromium (OR = 0.61 [0.50, 0.74]), or selenium concentrations (OR = 0.39 [0.31, 0.48]) were inversely associated with T2D odds. In contrast, in individuals with higher magnesium (>2673.2 µg/dL), zinc (>136.7 µg/dL), copper (>132.1 µg/dL), chromium (>14.0 µg/dL), or selenium concentrations (>16.8 µg/dL), serum iron displayed no association with T2D (p > 0.05). Serum copper and magnesium were significant modifiers of the association between iron and T2D in individuals with different physiological status (p < 0.05). Our findings support the idea that consuming a diet rich in antioxidant minerals is an effective approach for preventing T2D.

First results of using mineral concentration methods for metal recover from technogenically contaminated soils with significant organic concentrations

The purpose of the article is to present the research results on the application of concentration methods to hazardous waste from the industrial site of the former Vostsibelement battery plant located in the town of Svirsk, Irkutsk region (Russia), which is the facility of accumulated environmental damage. The previous studies have identified significant contents of heavy metals and arsenic that exceed standard values by hundreds and thousands of times in the industrial site soils. This fact determines soil high hazard class – II and III. To reduce the hazard class and decrease the volume of hazardous waste it is proposed to use a recuperative approach, that means to recover some metals and arsenic in order to return them in economic circulation. A spiral concentrator, a shaking table and a centrifugal concentrator were used for gravity concentration of metals and arsenic. The best results were obtained using a shaking table. The latter made it possible to increase the lead content in the concentrate by 22 times as compared to the content in the original sample, arsenic content by 7.7 times, and iron content by 16.7 times. Magnetic concentration of the shaking table middlings made it possible to obtain a concentrate with a high content and recovery of iron, copper and zinc. Despite the fact that the soil waste contains a significant amount of organic matter unlike the case of ore processing, the possibility of successful metal recover and significant reduction of metal concentrations in soil is shown. The proposals for a further waste-recycling scheme are made on the basis of the data obtained.

Copper-Induced InVivo Gene Amplification in Budding Yeast.

In the biotechnological industry, multicopy gene integration represents an effective strategy to maintain a high-level production of recombinant proteins and to assemble multigene biochemical pathways. In this study, we developed copper-induced invivo gene amplification in budding yeast for multicopy gene expressions. To make copper as an effective selection pressure, we first constructed a copper-sensitive yeast strain by deleting the CUP1 gene encoding a small metallothionein-like protein for copper resistance. Subsequently, the reporter gene fused with a proline-glutamate-serine-threonine-destabilized CUP1 was integrated at the δ sites of retrotransposon (Ty) elements to counter the copper toxicity at 100 μM Cu2+. We further demonstrated the feasibility of modulating chromosomal rearrangements for increased protein expression under higher copper concentrations. In addition, we also demonstrated a simplified design of integrating the expression cassette at the CUP1 locus to achieve tandem duplication under high concentrations of copper. Taken together, we envision that this method of copper-induced invivo gene amplification would serve as a robust and useful method for protein overproduction and metabolic engineering applications in budding yeast.

Photosynthetic and antioxidant responses of Ankistrodesmus flexuosus and Curvastrum pantanale to environmentally relevant copper concentrations

AbstractSince high concentrations of copper (Cu) are known to negatively affect algae, we investigated the effect of environmentally relevant concentrations of Cu on the metabolism and photosynthesis of microalgae. We investigated the photosynthesis and antioxidant responses of two green microalgae, Ankistrodesmus flexuosus and Curvastrum pantanale, to free Cu (1.7 nM–589.0 nM Cu2+), which included environmentally significant values (1.7 nM–21.4 nM Cu2+). The microalgae had similar growth rates at low Cu2+, but C. pantanale had higher growth rates at 7.4 and 21.4 nM Cu2+, and a higher Chl a/b ratio at 1.7–21.4 nM Cu2+. The Fv/Fo of A. flexuosus was not altered by Cu, whereas its relative maximum electron transport rate (rETRm) began to decrease at 7.4 nM Cu2+. The Fv/Fo and rETRm of C. pantanale increased at 21.4 nM Cu2+. The non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ) that was actively dissipated [Y(NPQ)] in A. flexuosus increased with Cu increase, whereas at 589.0 nM Cu2+, the NPQ of C. pantanale decreased and its passive energy dissipation [Y(NO)] increased. C. pantanale had higher photosynthesis at 1.7–21.4 nM Cu2+. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in both microalgae at high Cu concentrations, at 21.4 nM Cu2+ for A. flexuosus, and at 589.0 nM Cu2+ for C. pantanale. Thus, environmentally relevant Cu concentrations can favor the survival of tolerant microalgae species, hence shifting the diversity of aquatic biota.

Гідроекологічна характеристика сучасного стану Запорізького (Дніпровського) водосховища та його приток

Purpose: to determine the hydroecological condition of the different areas of the Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir and its tributaries (Samara River, Konoplyanka River), which are under technogenic pressure. Methodology: classical methods of determining hydrochemical indicators (pH, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, permanganate oxidizability, anions and cations of organic and inorganic compounds) and microbiological parameters (total count of microorganisms and count of saprophytes) were used during the study. The content of heavy metals was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Findings: The study of the current hydroecological state of the Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir in the summer period showed that, according to most parameters, the water quality did not exceed the MAC (maximum allowable concentration) for fish farming. The exception was the reduced oxygen dissolved concentration (by 10-25%) in almost all areas of the reservoir, and the high mineralization of water in the Samara Bay (2 MAC), due to the discharge of highly mineralized waters of the Samara River. In the long-term aspect, there is an increase in the total mineralization of the Samara River (4 MAC, which is under the influence of the discharge mine waters of the coal mining industry of Western Donbas. The analysis of the content of heavy metals in the reservoir indicated an increase in the concentration of copper - from 13 MAC in the Samara Bay to 21 MAC in the lower part of the reservoir. The Samara River was characterized by a high content of cadmium (1.5 MAC), copper (13 MAC), and nickel (2.3 MAC). Indicators of the ecological state of the Konoplyanka River had significant differences in its different areas: in the upper reaches of the river, where the economic and domestic effluents of the city of Kamianske and the tailings storage facilities for radioactive waste are located, water did not meet the MAC for oxygen content, carbon dioxide, nitrites, nitrates, mineral ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl’, SO4-2), general mineralization and the count of saprophytic microorganisms; at the mouth of the river, exceeding the MAC for nitrate content and saprophytic microflora was recorded. Originality: data on the hydroecological state of the Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir and its tributaries in the conditions of the war have been obtained. Practical value: the results of the conducted study can be used to develop a strategic program for the restoration of the ecosystem of the Dnipro reservoirs in the post-war period. Key words: Zaporizhzhia (Dnipro) reservoir, tributaries, hydrochemical parameters, count of microorganisms, heavy metals.

Application of New Al-Si Welding Filler with High Concentration of Copper and Magnesium: High-Temperature Strength and Anti-Corrosion Mechanism.

Currently, the primary commercial aluminum alloy fillers used are 4043 and 5356. However, when welded with high-strength work pieces like 6061 and 7075 aluminum alloys, the strength of weld beads significantly lags behind that of the original welded material. Both 4043 and 5356 aluminum alloys cannot be strengthened through heat treatment. The strength difference between the weld bead and base material doubles after heat treatment. In this study, an Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy (SCM) filler modified using a heat-treatable A319 aluminum alloy was employed to investigate the post-welding microstructural and mechanical properties of specimens under room- and high-temperature conditions and after prolonged exposure in a saltwater environment (3.5 wt.% NaCl). The aim was to demonstrate that commercial aluminum alloy fillers could be substituted with a high-silicon aluminum alloy boasting excellent solidification and mechanical properties. The results revealed that, after heat treatment of the weld bead, dendrites were not eliminated, but the tensile strength increased to 310 MPa, closely matching that of commercial 6061 aluminum alloy. The strength of the weld bead remained higher than 250 MPa in high-temperature (240 °C) and saltwater environments. These findings underscore the potential application of this material.

Influence of leachates produced by urban waste dumps on the water quality and possible risks to public health

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the impact of leachates, produced by one of Cameroon's largest waste dumps (Nkolfoulou), on the water quality and the risks posed to public health. A cartographic analysis was carried out, comparing the land use in the area before the landfill was setup with that of the present day, followed by a hydrogeological study of the groundwater and an analysis of trace metals. A model estimating susceptibility to pollution was developed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, and this susceptibility was mapped using the previously developed model, which was validated. Land use increased by 57% between 1985 and 2023. Most of the landfill leachate is discharged untreated into the Foulou and Kondi rivers, polluting surface waters. Average levels of trace metal elements such as Cd and Mn are 2 and 3.24 mg/l, respectively, in groundwater, 72.62 and 8.54 mg/l, respectively, in surface water, and 114, 49 and 15.41 mg/l in leachate. The model developed, which takes into account factors such as depth, distance, and geomorphology in brief, is consistent and valid for the study. This is followed by the mapping of the impact zone showing wells, with high copper concentrations in high-susceptibility areas.

Machine learning-guided exploration and experimental assessment of unreported compositions in the quaternary Ti-Zr-Cu-Pd biocompatible metallic glass system

Due to their outstanding elastic limit, biocompatible Ti-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are candidate materials to decrease the size of medical implants and therefore reduce their invasiveness. However, the practical use of classical Ti-BMGs in medical applications is in part hindered by their high copper content: more effort is thus required to design low-copper Ti-BMGs. In this work, in line with current rise in AI-driven tools, machine learning (ML) approaches, a neural-network ML model is used to explore the glass-forming ability (GFA) of unreported low-copper compositions within the biocompatible Ti-Zr-Cu-Pd system. Two types of models are trained and compared: one based on the alloy composition only, and a second based on various features derived from the alloying elements. Contrary to expectation, the predictive power of both models in evaluating GFA is similar. The compositional space identified by ML as promising is experimentally assessed, finding unfortunately low GFA. These results indicate that the ML approach may be premature for specific composition tuning of amorphous metallic materials. We emphasise that the development of ML tools in GFA prediction requires an improvement of the dataset, in terms of homogeneity, size and GFA descriptors, which must be supported by increased reporting of high-quality experimental GFA measurements, both positive and negative. Statement of significanceBiocompatible Ti-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are candidate materials for use in the next generation of minimally invasive dental implants where improved mechanical properties, such as high strength are required. Despite promising in vitro/vivo evaluations, implementation of alloys for practical applications is partly hindered by the presence of copper as the main alloying element. Recent studies have presented AI-guided and machine learning strategies as appealing approaches to understand and describe the glass forming ability (GFA) of BMG-forming compositions. In this work, we employ and evaluate the capacity of a machine-learning model to explore low-copper compositional spaces in the biocompatible Ti-Zr-Cu-Pd system. Our results highlight the limits of such a computational approach and suggest improvements for future designing routes.

Alloy Design Optimization of Stainless Steel's Performance and Environmental Impact Through Taguchi‐Based Grey Relational Analysis

The current work presents an optimization approach for improving stainless steel's performance and environmental impact. A Taguchi‐based grey relational analysis is used to determine the optimal alloy design of six stainless steels (304, 316L, 904L, 2304, 2205, 2507). The alloy design of a multivariable system (C, Mn, Cr, Ni, N, Mo, and Cu) is initially formulated based on the Taguchi orthogonal array. It combines the multiperformances (pitting corrosion resistance, proof strength, tensile strength, and greenhouse gas emissions) to determine a numerical score and suggests the optimal combination of alloy contents. The results are further analyzed using a range analysis to detect the significance of each alloy parameter and its level. The results show that nitrogen plays the most important role in determining the stainless steel's combined performance. Besides, the optimum alloy design consists of a high content of nitrogen, chromium, molybdenum, and copper combined with a low content of nickel. The study has a focus on proposing the systematic approach, Taguchi‐based grey relational analysis, to optimize the stainless steel's different mechanical properties with respect to environmental impact.