Highest Quercetin Content Research Articles

Dietary quercetin supplements: Assessment of online product informations and quantitation of quercetin in the products by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Administration of the increasingly popular dietary supplements containing quercetin may interfere with drug therapy. We intended to evaluate the online availability and quercetin content of the high-dose mono-component quercetin products and to review the potential use of quercetin products and their interactions with drugs. We monitored the online access to quercetin-containing dietary supplements, collected the relevant information from the websites, procured selected products from the vendors, and subjected them to substance analysis. The quercetin content was quantified by an HPLC-UV method. Twenty-five websites offered mono-component quercetin products, and nine products were procured. The quercetin content of eight products differed only ±10% from the nominal dose, whereas one product contained almost 30% more quercetin. Misleading indications such as antitumor and cardiovascular effects were often found on the sellers' websites. Quercetin-containing dietary supplements are available online with misleading indications. The recommended daily doses are often high (occasionally over 1,000mg), which may induce clinically relevant interactions with medications. Because high-quercetin content of dietary supplements was confirmed, health care professionals should be aware of the unregulated internet market of dietary supplements and should consider the interactions of these substances with drugs.

Common bean seeds from plants subjected to severe drought, restricted- and full-irrigation regimes show differential phytochemical fingerprint

Common bean is rich in phytochemicals like polyphenols, saponins, and steroidal glycosides, but its crop is greatly affected by drought. Thus, it is necessary to identify the irrigation regimes that improves its phytochemical profile without affecting seed yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differential effect of severe drought (SD), restricted irrigation (RI), and full irrigation (FI) on the phytochemical fingerprint of bean seeds through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemometric approach. Partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) indicated that seeds from plants grown under RI where differentiated from those grown under FI and SD due to their high content of quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside and luteolin 7-O-glucoside. Regarding seed yield, no significant (p < 0.05) differences were observed between RI and FI, whereas SD decreased (p < 0.05) seed yield as compared to FI (47%). These results suggest that mild hydric stress (RI) can be used to induce phytochemicals without affecting seed yield.

Application of fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with PLSR for the estimation of quercetin in four medicinal plants

Abstract Quercetin, a member of a large family of polyphenolic compounds, has received remarkable attention due to its overwhelming presence in nutritional supplements. It is believed to have protective effects against several degenerative diseases by preventing lipid peroxidation. In the current study, the estimation of quercetin in methanol extracts of four medicinal plants including Amaranthus cruentus, Berberis calliobotrys, Solanum muricatum and Ribes himalense was made by our developed fluorescence spectroscopic method coupled with PLSR. The results obtained indicated that methanol extract of R. himalense exhibited higher quercetin content (3.83 ± 0.01%) followed by B. calliobotrys (1.91 ± 0.01%), A. eruentus (1.83 ± 0.02%) and S. muricatum (0.87 ± 0.05%). These results were also cross validated with UV–visible spectroscopy and found to be in close proximity to florescence emission method.

Antioxidant Species in Grapes and Wines via Spectrophotometric Methods: No Quenching Effects by Copper(II) and Yeast Derivative Treatments

Analytical determinations for selected parameters in grapes/wines help planning technology treatments in the vineyards and cellars, improving the quality of final products and preserving consumers’ health. The study first reports a comparative analysis for selected parameters on juice, must, and wines at alcoholic and malolactic fermentation stages, from 2013 harvest and refined bottled wines from 2010–2012 and 2015 vintages. This was considered preliminary to the main goal of the work that consisted of testing if the contents of certain antioxidant principles were influenced or not by additions of copper(II) and/or selected fermentation yeasts. Particular attention was devoted to antioxidant molecule contents: total polyphenols, anthocyanins,trans-resveratrol, and quercetin. Selected samples were then analyzed in absence and in presence excess Cu(II)-sulfate (5 mgCu/L) and/or yeast derivatives to evaluate possible effects on antioxidant concentrations. The total polyphenols contents in untreated wine samples were as high as 3334 ± 60 mg (gallic acid)/L and averaged 2883 ± 299 mg/L (wines 2010–2013 and 2015). In particular, high contents of quercetin and quercetin glucoside were found in Sangiovese/Canaiolo/Colorino (harvest 2015) wine, being 21 ± 2 and 3.0 ± 0.2 mg/L, respectively. Even resveratrol had high concentrations in 100% Sangiovese wine (1.3 ± 0.1 mg/L, harvest 2015; 2.6 ± 0.3 mg/L, harvest 2010). Interestingly, no significant effect was revealed by Cu(II) and/or yeast derivatives on antioxidant contents for wine matrixes. In fact, determinations (validated through the standard addition methods) oftrans-resveratrol for untreated Sangiovese wines (1.18 ± 0.09 mg/L) and for wines treated with excess Cu(II) and excess Cu(II) plus excess yeasts mixtures (1.24 ± 0.09 mg/L and 1.22 ± 0.05 mg/L) did not differ significantly.

Persea americana: Phenolic profile, Antioxidant potential, Antimicrobial Activity and in silico Prediction of Pharmacokinetic and Toxicological Properties

The objective of this study was to carry out a phytochemical evaluation of the hydroethanol extract and chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of the leaves of Persea americana and correlate with its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, in order to verify which phytoconstituent is responsible for these activities. In addition, an in silico study of the active constituents identified was carried out to evaluate pharmacological and toxicological properties. The butanol fraction yielded high content of phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, vitamin C and a very high content of rutin (20.6±0.5 mg/g) and quercetin (6.1±0.1 mg/g). The hydroethanol extract demonstrated IC50 of 6.7±1.7 in the DPPH method, ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated greater ability to scavenge H2O2 (28.5±0.1) and butanol fraction to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+ (55.1±0.1). Significant antifungal activity was found in the hydroethanol extract and the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions (MIC of 32 µg/ml against Candida glabrata and C. glabrata fluconazole resistant). The ethyl acetate fraction showed antimycobacterial activity with an MIC of 156.25 µg/ml for all species tested. The phytoconstituents identified have no carcinogenic potential but rutin and quercetin might be mutagenic and inhibit cytochrome P450 isozymes, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. The results provided a good understanding of the constituents present in the leaves of the plant and their potential for pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics application.

HPTLC method for isolation, identification and quantification of quercetin from in vivo and in vitro samples of Naringi crenulata

Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicolson, is a rare medicinal plant belonging to the family Rutaceae. It is a spinous tree and has great medicinal value. During the present study a rapid, simple, accurate and specific HPTLC method for quantitative estimation of quercetin present in the dried leaf powder and callus of N. crenulata has been developed .The method used in this work resulted in good peak shape and enabled good resolution of quercetin from N. crenulata samples. Quercetin was identified in in vivo (leaf) and in vitro (six weeks old callus) tissues. Presence of isolated quercetin was further confirmed by superimposable IR spectra of isolated and authentic samples of quercetin and NMR spectra of isolated quercetin. Variation in quercetin content in in vivo and in vitro samples in N. crenulata was observed. In vivo leaf had maximum amount of quercetin (0.13%) while minimum amount was found in in vitro callus (0.032%). High content of quercetin in leaf shows its potential of synthesizing quercetin. This study is also of practical importance because flavonoid quercetin is the most active of all flavonoids. Many medicinal plants owe their activity to their high quercetin content. Several studies revealed quercetin’s significant anti-inflammatory activity due to direct inhibition of initial processes of inflammation. It also has potent antitumor and antioxidant properties including the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and migration. This study is of practical importance because compound quercetin was firstly reported to be isolated from callus of N. crenulata

제주 황칠나무의 활용성 제고를 위한 부위별, 수확시기별, 추출용매별 quercetin 함량 분석

Dendropanax morbifera Leveille (Araliaceae) is an endemic species growing in the south-western part of South Korea that has been used in folk medicine and health functional food. In this study, we investigated an extract of quercetin in Jeju D. morbifera by varying different parts (fruit, sprouts, leaves, sprigs, and branches), harvest times, and extraction solvents. In addition, we aimed to establish a simple and reliable HPLC/UV analytical method to determination of quercetin for the quality control and base line data of the Jeju D. morbifera extract as a health functional food ingredient. The analytical specificity was determined with retention time and photo diode array (PDA) spectrum by analyzing quercetin using HPLC and comparing the results to those of extracts. This analytical method for quercetin was validated for its limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), precision, and accuracy. A high linearity in the standard calibration curve was obtained, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9996. Also, the LOD and LOQ values were found to be 0.28 μg/mL and 0.85 μg/mL, respectively, and the recoveries of quantified compounds ranged from 97.91% to 104.10%. Furthermore, the relative standard deviation (RSD) values of data from the intra- and inter-day precision analyses were less than 1.36% and 3.65%, respectively. As a result, the highest quercetin content among the extracts of Jeju D. morbifera leaves was found to be 20.14 mg/g, which was extracted at harvest in May (cultivation period 10 years) with 60% EtOH. All in all, we believe that the results obtained would be helpful in the development of nutraceutics and natural medicines and for the quality control of D. morbifera.

Determination quercetin content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of genotype mutant Samosir shallots irradiated by gamma rays

The aim of the research was to study the variation in antioxidant and antimicrobial activity as well as the total quercetin content of the fifth generation genotypes mutant Samosir shallot irradiated by gamma rays. The studies conducted included the assessment of quercetin content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in shallot bulbs after long-term storage (6 months in the room temperature). Quercetin content of 20 selected genotype mutants of irradiated shallot bulbs along with untreated populations were calculated using quercetin (QU) as a standard. Antioxidant activities of 8 genotype mutant were determined using DPPH. Antimicrobial activity of bulb extracts were tested against six bacteria including Staphylococcus aurous, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae and oneyeastCandida albicans. The results showed that population of genotype mutants irradiated with dosage 2Gy, 4 Gy, 5 Gy and 6 Gy have higher quercetin content than control samples. None of the genotype mutants exhibited antibacterial inhibitory against all microorganism tested except for the sample number 2 and 6 (bulbs generated from the plants irradiated by gamma rays with dosage at 2 Gy and 6 Gy). There was also none of the genotypes observed exhibited significant antioxidant efficacy.

New robust sensitive fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with PLSR for estimation of quercetin in Ziziphus mucronata and Ziziphus sativa

Flavonoids are natural antioxidants derived from plants and commonly found in a variety of foods to sequester free radicals. Quercetin, belonging to flavonol subclass of flavonoids, has received considerable attention because of its wide uses as a nutritional supplement as well as a phytochemical remedy for a number of diseases. In the current study, quantification of quercetin was carried out in two medicinally important flavonoid rich plant Ziziphus mucronata and Ziziphus sativa. Emission spectroscopy was utilized as a new method coupled with Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and the cross validation was done by UV–Visible spectroscopy. The results indicated the higher quercetin content in Z. mucronata (1.50±0.034%) than Z. sativa (1.21±0.052%), and were further verified through Folin-Ciocalteu Colorimetric method (Z. mucronata; 1.41±0.26% and Z. sativa; 1.13±0.136%). In this study the sensitivity was explained in term of slope i.e. Slope=0.9973.

Extracts and semi-purified fractions of Tagetes patula flowers in the control of root-knot nematodes

The genus Tagetes constitutes a group of antagonistic plant species that are cytotoxic against plant pathogenic nematodes, with T. patula being particularly efficient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effect of extracts and semi-purified fractions of T. patula flowers on eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, and M. paranaensis, as well as to verify the nematicidal effect of the flavonoids present in T. patula flowers. Extracts and semi-purified fractions were obtained from dried T. patula flowers after maceration and liquidification, yielding crude aqueous (CAE) and crude ethanol-water (CEWE) extracts. Dried flowers were also treated with n-hexane to obtain a crude defatted aqueous extract (CDAE) and a crude ethanol-water defatted extract (CEWDE). Then, the CEWE was fractionated, and the ethyl acetate (EAF), ethanol (EF), methanol (MF), and ethanol:water (EWF) fractions were obtained. CAE, CEWE, CDAE, and CEWDE were tested to evaluate their effects on hatching, mobility, and mortality of J2 of M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. paranaensis. EAF, EF, MF, and EWF fractions were tested on the same variables of M. incognita. All extracts significantly reduced J2 hatching of M. incognita, M. javanica, and M. paranaensis when compared to water and water + DMSO. CEWE had nematicidal effects on the three evaluated species, whereas CEWDE demonstrated nematicidal effects against M. incognita and M. javanica, and nematostatic effects on M. paranaensis. This toxic effect showed by CEWE may be related to the high content of quercetin, a major substance present in this sample. It was also observed that EAF accentuated the nematicidal response on Meloidogyne spp., suggesting that other medium polarity (methoxylated) flavonoids act as nematotoxic substances. Thus, these results suggest that quercetin contributes significantly to the nematicidal activity of CEWE and EAF.

HPTLC method for isolation, identification and quantification of quercetin from in vivo and in vitro samples of Naringi Crenulata

Naringi crenulata(Roxb.) Nicolson, is a rare medicinal plant belonging to the family Rutaceae. It is a spinous tree and has great medicinal value. During the present study a rapid, simple, accurate and specific HPTLC method for quantitative estimation of quercetin present in the dried leaf powder and callus of N. crenulata has been developed .The method used in this work resulted in good peak shape and enabled good resolution of quercetin from N. crenulata samples. Quercetin was identified in in vivo (leaf) and in vitro (six weeks old callus) tissues. Presence of isolated quercetin was further confirmed by superimposable IR spectra of isolated and authentic samples of quercetin and NMR spectra of isolated quercetin. Variation in quercetin content in in vivo and in vitro samples in N. crenulata was observed. In vivo leaf had maximum amount of quercetin (0.13%) while minimum amount was found in in vitro callus (0.032%). High content of quercetin in leaf shows its potential of synthesizing quercetin. This study is also of practical importance because flavonoid quercetin is the most active of all flavonoids. Many medicinal plants owe their activity to their high quercetin content. Several studies revealed quercetin’s significant anti-inflammatory activity due to direct inhibition of initial processes of inflammation. It also has potent antitumor and antioxidant properties including the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and migration.This study is of practical importance because compound quercetin was firstly reported to be isolated from callus of N. Crenulata.

The Best Extraction Technique for Kaempferol and Quercetin Isolation from Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava)

Guava leaves contain various compounds that have biological activity such as kaempferol and quercetin as anticancer. Twelve extraction techniques were performed to obtain the best extraction technique to isolate kaempferol and quercetin from the guava leaves. Toxicity of extracts was tested against Artemia salina larvae. All extracts were toxic (LC50 value less than 1000 ppm) except extract of direct soxhletation on guava leaves, and extract of sonication and soxhletation using n-hexane. The extract with high content of total phenols and total flavonoids, low content of tannins, intense color of spot on thin layer chromatogram was selected for high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Direct sonication of guava leaves was chosen as the best extraction technique with kampferol and quercetin content of 0.02% and 2.15%, respectively. In addition to high content of kaempferol and quercetin, direct sonication was chosen due to the shortest extraction time, lesser impurities and high toxicity.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Achyrocline satureioides prevents contrast-induced nephropathy in mice

Achyrocline satureioides or Macela, has been largely used in traditional folk medicine in Brazil as an anti-inflammatory agent and to treat various digestive disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the preventive action of the extracts of A. satureioides obtained by maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction, quercetin and N-acetylcysteine against contrast-induced nephropathy in mice. The antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophages were evaluated. Also, chemical analyses of phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, and quercetin by LC–MS/MS present in various extracts of A. satureioides were performed. Thirty six mice were divided into six groups: control group (C), Contrast-Induced Nephropathy group (CIN), Group N-acetylcysteine 200mg/kg (NAC); Group quercetin 10mg/kg (Q), Group Macela 10mg/kg (M10), and Group Macela 50mg/kg (M50). The serum levels of urea and creatinine, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and renal ultrastructure were evaluated by electron microscopy scanning. Ultrasound-assisted extraction improved the quality of extract (with 100% ethanol), since did not show toxicity to fibroblasts, and showed potent antioxidant activity and a high content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and quercetin, in addition to being able to reduce the production of NO in dose-dependent effect in macrophages. Results showed that animals treated with Macela extracts maintained normal levels of urea, creatinine, and AOPP, while preserving ultrastructure of the renal cells. The obtained results were more promising than NAC and Q groups in protecting against renal failure caused by CIN, showing that the plant can be a promising drug for preventing this disease.

In vitro and ex vivo approach for anti-urolithiatic potential of bioactive fractions of gokhru with simultaneous HPLC analysis of six major metabolites and their exploration in rat plasma

Context: Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae) fruits have long been used in traditional systems of medicine for the treatment of various urinary diseases including urolithiasis. Objective: To explore the anti-urolithiatic potential of gokhru and to develop an analytical method for quantitative estimation of metabolites for its quality control. Materials and methods: Aqueous extract of gokhru fruit was prepared through maceration followed by decoction to produce a mother extract, which was further used for polarity-based fractionations. In vitro and ex vivo anti-urolithiatic activity of mother extract and fractions at different concentration (100–1000 μg/mL) were carried out using aggregation assay in synthetic urine and in rat plasma, however, nucleation assay for 30 min was done using confocal microscopy. A simultaneous HPLC method has been developed for quantification of diosgenin, catechin, rutin, gallic acid, tannic acid and quercetin in mother extract and in fractions. Results: The extraction resulted in 14.5% of w/w mother extract, however, polarity-based fractionation yielded 2.1, 2.6, 1.5, 1.3 and 6.1% w/w of hexane, toluene, dichloromethane (DCM), n-butanol and water fractions, respectively. In vitro and ex vivo studies showed a significant anti-urolithiatic potential of n-butanol fraction. Further, HPLC analysis revealed significantly (p < 0.01) higher content of quercetin (1.95 ± 0.41% w/w), diosgenin (12.75 ± 0.18% w/w) and tannic acid (9.81 ± 0.47% w/w) in n-butanol fraction as compared to others fractions. Discussion and conclusion: In vitro and ex vivo studies demonstrated potent anti-urolithiatic activity of n-butanol fraction which can be developed as new phytopharmaceuticals for urolithiasis. HPLC method can be used for quality control and pharmacokinetic studies of gokhru.

Biologically active substances of hydrophytes Potamogeton perfoliatus L. and Zostera noltii: composition, properties, applications

Primary, the author places special emphasis on the study of traditional technologies for processing of geophytes. Modern development trends in biotechnology demand of expansion of the raw material base. The increase in needs medicine, food and feed industries in biologically active substances pay attention to new unconventional sources of renewable raw materials. From this perspective, higher aquatic plants Zostera noltii and Potamogeton perfoliatus L. can be considered as a perspective object due to its high content of unique biologically active substances with different properties. Rationale of choosing of plant material and identifications of optimum performance and operational conditions for the production of biologically active substances: alcohol extraction in the mixer at room temperature limited to 7-10 days. Studied the organoleptic, physicochemical and microbial properties of end products – aqueous-alcoholic extracts of hydrophytes. Experimentations (UV spectrophotometric analysis, thin layer chromatography, mass spectrometry) indicate that the composition of plants and extracts contains different biologically active substances. The high content of quercetin and pigments in the extracts of Z. noltii and Potamogeton perfoliatus L. shows the future use of hydrophytes in the Volga river and the Northern Caspian sea as an additional natural source of flavonoids and antioxidants. Therefore, plant preparations (aqueousalcoholic extracts of zostera and pondweed) are combinations of various compounds, which have a high biological activity with different properties: adsorptive capacity, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Products of studied plants after extraction with water-alcohol can be used in the food industry as a source-native with minerals, carbohydrates, protein, vitamins, flavonoids, terpenoids, alcohols, aliphatic acids and etc. Find an opportunity of use of biologically active substances from eelgrass and pondweed and herbal precipitate after extraction.

Quercetin-Rich Guava (Psidium guajava) Juice in Combination with Trehalose Reduces Autophagy, Apoptosis and Pyroptosis Formation in the Kidney and Pancreas of Type II Diabetic Rats.

We explored whether the combination of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory guava (Psidium guajava) and trehalose treatment protects the kidney and pancreas against Type II diabetes (T2DM)-induced injury in rats. We measured the active component of guava juice by HPLC analysis. T2DM was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal administration of nicotinamide and streptozotocin and combination with high fructose diets for 8 weeks. The rats fed with different dosages of guava juice in combination with or without trehalose for 4 weeks were evaluated the parameters including OGTT, plasma insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR (insulin resistance) and HOMA-β (β cell function and insulin secretion). We measured oxidative and inflammatory degrees by immunohistochemistry stain, fluorescent stain, and western blot and serum and kidney reactive oxygen species (ROS) by a chemiluminescence analyzer. High content of quercetin in the guava juice scavenged H2O2 and HOCl, whereas trehalose selectively reduced H2O2, not HOCl. T2DM affected the levels in OGTT, plasma insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β, whereas these T2DM-altered parameters, except HbA1c, were significantly improved by guava and trehalose treatment. The levels of T2DM-enhanced renal ROS, 4-hydroxynonenal, caspase-3/apoptosis, LC3-B/autophagy and IL-1β/pyroptosis were significantly decreased by guava juice and trehalose. The combination with trehalose and guava juice protects the pancreas and kidney against T2DM-induced injury.

Effects of Long-term Nitrogen and Organic Fertilization on Antioxidants Content of Tomato Fruits

The effects of different N level in combination with organic fertilizer on carotenoids, phenols and flavonoids contents in tomato fruits were studied. The N mixed with organic fertilizer treatment had higher the content of β- carotene, and AN2 achieved 34.20 μg/g. At red ripening stage, the content of lycopene of BN1 and BN2 were very close to, respectively 180.79 μg/g and 182.50 μg/g. The content of lutein at red ripening stage was nearly three times than that at turning stage. At red ripening stage, content of lutein ranged from 2.85 μg/g to 8.87 μg/g. In the all of phenolic acid, coffeic acid was the highest levels. The highest caffeic acid content (73.74 μg/g) was observed in the AN2 (double N and organic fertilizer), and only organic fertilizer (AN0) was no significant difference with BN1 (single N). Rutin content in tomato fruit had no difference in three N levels (N0, N1, N2). AN0 had the highest quercetin content in tomato fruits in all treatment, by 66.39 μg/ g.

On-line process for pressurized ethanol extraction of onion peels extract and particle formation using supercritical antisolvent

This paper brings forward a novel process for particle production named extraction and particle formation on-line (EPFO). The process comprises the hyphenated on-line association of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with supercritical antisolvent (SAS) precipitation performed in the same multipurpose equipment. The highlight of EPFO process stands for using the pressure energy applied in the extraction step as a useful energy for spraying and producing microparticles in the precipitation step. Performing EPFO process also prevents degrading bioactive compounds because the extract directly flows to the precipitation vessel, avoiding light and oxygen exposure. Then, we obtained dried microparticles as a fine powder from onion peels. After studying some different extraction conditions using ethanol, the more suitable one was found: 40°C/120bar for extraction step and 40°C/100bar for precipitation step. In such condition, we obtained 4.1±0.6g microparticles/100g of dried onion peels, the highest quercetin content in the microparticles (26±2wt.%) and the smallest mean particle diameter (d[3,4]=119±1μm). Analysis of morphology showed lengthened microparticles with rod-like structures. We presented the microparticles characteristics obtained between EPFO process and conventional process (rotary evaporation), whereas EPFO process produced smaller microparticles more concentrated with quercetin.

Anticancer Potential of Cratoxylum formosum Subsp. Pruniflorum (Kurz.) Gogel Extracts Against Cervical Cancer Cell Lines.

Most northeast Thai vegetables may play roles in human health by acting as antioxidant and anticancer agents. Recent study showed that Cratoxylum formosum subsp. pruniflorum (Kurz.) Gogel. (Teawdang) could inhibit growth of liver cancer cell lines. Cervical cancer, which has human papilloma virus as its main cause, is found at high incidence in Thailand. Due to increasing drug resistance, searches for potential anticancer compounds from natural source are required. Therefore, our purpose was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Teawdang extracts in cervical cancer cell lines. Teawdang edible parts, purchased from Khon Kaen market during July-October 2013 was extracted with organic solvent. Phenolic profiles of crude hexane (CHE), ethyl acetate (CEE), methanol (CME) and water (CWE) extracts were performed by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) techniques. Their cytotoxic effects on cervical cancer cells were investigated with HPV-non infected (C-33A) and HPV-infected (HeLa and SiHa) cell lines. HPLC profiles showed that all crude extracts contained caffeine, ferulic acid and resveratrol. CME and CEE had high contents of gallic acid and quercetin. Catechin was found only in CWE. Cytotoxicity test showed that CEE had the lowest IC50 on HeLa (143.18±13.35 μg/mL) and SiHa cells (106.45±15.73 μg/mL). C-33A cells were inhibited by CWE (IC50 = 130.95±3.83 μg/mL). There were several phenolic compounds in Teawdang extracts which may have cytotoxic effects on cervical cancer cell lines. Investigation of these bioactive compounds as new sources of anticancer agents is recommended.

Biologically active phenolic compounds in buckwheat, oats and winter spelt wheat

The current study was aimed to determine the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, rutin, quercetin and phenolic acids content in buckwheat, husked and common oats, winter spelt, winter and spring wheat grain with and without husks or glume, only husks or glume as well as to estimate phenolic compounds ratio and to compare their distribution between cereal grain and husks or glume. In this way to ascertain the losses of phenolic compounds in grain which will be used for food production. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were determined using the spectrophotometric method and individual phenolic compounds were estimated by high performance liquid chromatography. The significantly highest total phenolic content (10.2 ± 1.6 mg g -1 dry weight (d.w.) in grain with husks and 14.1 ± 2.0 mg g -1 d.w. in husks), antioxidant activity (2–4 times), rutin concentration (from 146.5 to 406.3 µg g -1 d.w.) and with a few exceptions hydroxybenzoic acids concentrations of all group of cereal samples (grain with and without husks or glume and only husks or glume) were established for buckwheat. Oats grain without husks or only husks were distinguished by the highest quercetin content, which was higher in husked oats samples (31–89 µg g -1 d.w.). The highest total phenolic acids content was in common oats husks (882.4 µg g -1 d.w.). Ferulic and p-coumaric acid significantly (P < 0.01) predominated in all oats and wheat samples and accounted for about 70–90% of the total phenolic acids content. Syringic acid is characteristic of oats, winter spelt and winter wheat grain without glume and only glume. In all group of cereal samples sinapic acid predominated only in cereal grain with and without husks or glume. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher concentrations of vanillic, p-hydroxybenzoic, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric, ferulic acids, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity were quantified in cereal husks or glume compared with those in grain with and without husks or glume.