High Polysaccharide Content Research Articles

Isotherm and kinetic modeling on superparamagnetic nanoparticles adsorption of polysaccharide

This study aimed to investigate the adsorption isotherm and kinetics of polysaccharide-contaminated rice noodle wastewater onto superparamagnetic nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation method. Three selected adsorption isotherms such as two-parameter equation (Langmuir and Freundlich) and three-parameter equation (Sips) and two non-linear kinetic models such as pseudo-first and pseudo-second kinetics were analyzed the adsorption data as a function of initial polysaccharide concentration range of 7000 to 8000 mg L−1. The nanoadsorbents removal efficiency of the polysaccharide was about 60% resulting in the COD reduction ranging from 29 to 42%. In comparison of estimated coefficient of determination (R2) using the linear method, the Freundlich showed higher value of R2 (0.98) than that of Langmuir isotherm. The equilibrium was best described by nonlinear Freundlich model among three isotherms, which gained the smallest χ2 value of 0.0297 while the adsorption process followed the pseudo-first order rate expression. Moreover, the nanoadsorbent dose had a direct effect on adsorption capacity while it had an adverse effect on the polysaccharide removal percentage. The prepared nanoadsorbents effectively removed high polysaccharide contents from rice noodle wastewater with moderate adsorption capacity.

Preliminary characterization and anti-hyperglycemic activity of a pectic polysaccharide from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)

Okra is widely used as vegetable, food ingredient, and traditional medicine in China for various applications. The main healthy properties are accepted to originate from the high polysaccharide content of okra. In this study, a homogenous pectic polysaccharide WOP-2 was extracted, isolated, and purified from okra by DEAE-cellulose and Sepharose CL-6B column, and its molecular weight was estimated to be 580 kDa. Monosaccharide composition was analyzed to be Rha (21.4%), GalA (34.9%), Gal (29.6%), GlcA (4.5%), Glc (5.9%), and Ara (3.7%) by HPLC with PMP derivatization. Combined with NMR analysis, WOP-2 was elucidated to be a rhamnogalacturonan I backbone with type-II arabinogalactan side-chains substituted partly at O-4 of Rhap. WOP-2 exhibits significant anti-hyperglycemic activity on STZ-induced diabetic mice by inhibiting the lipid peroxidation chain reaction probably. Overall, these results provide new insight into structure–activity relationships of polysaccharide from okra and provide impetus towards the development of polysaccharide-based therapeutics on diabetes.

Quantification of Polysaccharides in Vegetable Raw Materials and Lignin Preparations

The phenol-sulfuric acid method has been studied for its capability to analyze vegetable raw materials. This method has made it possible to determine rather simply and with high accuracy polysaccharides in both vegetable raw materials (agricultural vegetables, softwood, and hardwood), and in various lignin preparations (the laboratory-scale and technical). The method is based on the color reaction of monosaccharides with phenol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. The developed modified phenol-sulfuric acid method is universal because allows for the detection of polysaccharides in the samples with both high and low polysaccharide content, i.e., in vegetable raw materials and lignin preparations, respectively. The method is highly sensitive; it is possible to analyze monosaccharides in the mixture at the concentration of 1 × 10–4 mol L–1 on average. The hydrolysate volume of 0.25 mL that is ten-times diluted is enough for analysis. The duration of the hydrolysate analysis including the mix preparation, recording of the spectrum, and calculation by the formula does not exceed 30 min. The method can be used for the analysis of the chemical composition of renewable vegetable raw materials when developing technologies for obtaining alternative energy sources.

Multiple-physiological benefits of bird’s nest fern (Asplenium australasicum) frond extract for dermatological applications

p-coumaric acid and fucose-rich polysaccharide have been studied for many bio-functions in skin including cutaneous protection from oxidative damage and antiageing, respectively, as well as wound healing. The physiological activities of various bird’s nest fern extracts (BNFE), containing considerable fucose-rich mucilage and p-coumaric acid, on fibroblast and human skin were first investigated. BNFE with higher polysaccharide content generally contributed to a better moisture holding capability. Furthermore, BNFE showed pronouncedly enhancing effect on collagen production and growth of fibroblast (NIH-3T3), clinical trial results revealed that the emulsions with 1% BNFE showed good moisturising effect and improved the elasticity of human skins effectively. The potential of BNFE for cosmetics and medical applications such as natural moisturiser, antiageing and wound repairing was possibly related to the fucose-rich mucilage and various phenolic compounds including p-coumaric acid in BNFE.

Conceptual framework for the assessment of the nutritional and biological value of the plant Galega orientalis (LAM)

Conducted a comprehensive comparative study of the nutritional and biological value Galega orientalis (Lam): the solubility of the protein in vitro – Galega’s seeds, leaves, hay, which was harvested in the phase of budding – beginning of flowering. It is believed to be the essential influence of feed type on the solubility of the protein. According to the conducted studies it has revealed that the solubility of the feed protein is in the range from 37.0% to 50.0%. The rate of solubility of Galega orientalis (Lam) seed protein is 50.0%, litestock – 40.0%, and hay – 37.0% from its total. The research results indicate that the protein of Galega orientalis (Lam) refers to the feed with the average level of solubility. It has researched qualitative assessment of the biologically active substances content in organs of Galega orientalis’ (Lam) plants. It has identified the highest content of flavonoids and saponins in rosette leaves and ascorbic acid in the organs of plants and petals. There is the high content of tannins found in the petals of Galega orientalis (Lam). There is a high content of coumarins and water-soluble polysaccharides in the roots of the studied plants. Phytochemical studies of the plant Galega orientalis (Lam) indicates the absence in it of cardiac glycosides and antrahlikozydiv. It was first conducted testing on antimicrobial activity of a plant Galega orientalis (Lam) on the growth pure cultural of bacteria gram positive (Micrococcus luteus), gram negative (Escherichia coli XL1, DH5) and yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303). The material for the study was dried vegetative mass Galega orientalis (Lam) in the phase of budding and early flowering. As a result of the experiment was revealed that 20% concentration of aqueous extract of this plant had inhibitory effects on the growth of pure cultures of bacteria and yeast. It has grounded reasonably possible relationship between the antimicrobial activity of the extract of this plant and the lack of bloating in cows. It has outlined prospects of further researches of this problem.

Recycling nutrients from a sequential hydrothermal liquefaction process for microalgae culture

Nutrient supply and reuse are critical considerations for culturing and processing algae as feedstock for biofuel production. Sequential Hydrothermal Liquefaction (SEQHTL) is used to convert microalgae biomass to biofuel and co-products. Along with biocrude and biochar of the co-products, SEQHTL produces aqueous products with high concentrations of phosphate, organic nitrogen and polysaccharides. In this study, three representative microalgaes, Chlorella sorokiniana, Chlorella vulgaris and Galdieria sulphuraria 5587.1 were evaluated for utilizing the nutrients recovered from the aqueous products of SEQTHL. C. sorokiniana and C. vulgaris exhibited the ability to hydrolyze polysaccharides, using 77% and 64% of the polysaccharides and removing 94% to 95% of the phosphate, respectively. G. sulphuraria on the other hand, could not use the polysaccharides. All three species could completely assimilate ammonia and use 33%–43% of the organic nitrogen. There were no significant differences in terms of lipid contents and composition, C. sorokiniana and C. vulgaris had higher lipid content (18% of DCW) than what G. sulphuraria did (only 10% of DCW). The findings indicate that although being species dependent, it is possible to reuse the nutrients recovered from SEQHTL of algal biomass for algal culture.

Succinyl-proteome profiling of Dendrobium officinale, an important traditional Chinese orchid herb, revealed involvement of succinylation in the glycolysis pathway

BackgroundLysine succinylation is a ubiquitous and important protein post-translational modification in various eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. However, its functions in Dendrobium officinale, an important traditional Chinese orchid herb with high polysaccharide contents, are largely unknown.ResultsIn our study, LC-MS/MS was used to identify the peptides that were enriched by immune-purification with a high-efficiency succinyl-lysine antibody. In total, 314 lysine succinylation sites in 207 proteins were identified. A gene ontology analysis showed that these proteins are associated with a wide range of cellular functions, from metabolic processes to stimuli responses. Moreover, two types of conserved succinylation motifs, ‘***Ksuc******K**’ and ‘****EKsuc***’, were identified. Our data showed that lysine succinylation occurred on five key enzymes in the glycolysis pathway. The numbers of average succinylation sites on these five enzymes in plants were lower than those in bacteria and mammals. Interestingly, two active site amino acids residues, K103 and K225, could be succinylated in fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, indicating a potential function of lysine succinylation in the regulation of glycolytic enzyme activities. Furthermore, the protein–protein interaction network for the succinylated proteins showed that several functional terms, such as glycolysis, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and ribosome, are consisted.ConclusionsOur results provide the first comprehensive view of the succinylome of D. officinale and may accelerate future biological investigations of succinylation in the synthesis of polysaccharides, which are major active ingredients.

Optimisation of Extrusion for Enhancing the Nutritive Value of Palm Kernel Cake Using Response Surface Methodology

The palm kernel cake (PKC) inclusion level in poultry diets is limited by the high indigestible polysaccharides content. Hence, PKC was subjected to an extrusion treatment to reduce the content of these components. The effects of extrusion on the total non-starch polysaccharides (T-NSP), fibre, monosaccharides, and mannooligosaccharides contents were evaluated according to the response surface methodology (RSM) with various temperatures, screw speeds, hopper speeds, and moisture contents. The optimum conditions observed according to the RSM were a temperature of 178 °C, screw speed of 100 rpm, hopper speed of 5 Hz, and moisture content of 75%. The T-NSP content was significantly reduced (p<0.05), from 63.3 ± 1.85% to 57.6 ± 0.89%, and the crude fibre content decreased (p<0.05) from 16.7 ± 0.68% to 13.5 ± 0.99%. The mannose, glucose, and fructose contents of the PKC increased (p<0.05) 2.9-, 1.9-, and 1.4-fold, respectively. The 1,4-β-D-mannobiose, 1,4-β-D-mannotriose, 1,4-β-D-mannotetraose, and 1,4-β-D-mannopentaose increased (p<0.05) 3.7-, 3.8-, 3.5-, and 32.8-fold, respectively. This study showed that extrusion enhanced the nutritive value of PKC.

Nanofiltration and Tight Ultrafiltration Membranes for Natural Organic Matter Removal-Contribution of Fouling and Concentration Polarization to Filtration Resistance.

Nanofiltration (NF) and tight ultrafiltration (tight UF) membranes are a viable treatment option for high quality drinking water production from sources with high concentrations of contaminants. To date, there is limited knowledge regarding the contribution of concentration polarization (CP) and fouling to the increase in resistance during filtration of natural organic matter (NOM) with NF and tight UF. Filtration tests were conducted with NF and tight UF membranes with molecular weight cut offs (MWCOs) of 300, 2000 and 8000 Da, and model raw waters containing different constituents of NOM. When filtering model raw waters containing high concentrations of polysaccharides (i.e., higher molecular weight NOM), the increase in resistance was dominated by fouling. When filtering model raw waters containing humic substances (i.e., lower molecular weight NOM), the increase in filtration resistance was dominated by CP. The results indicate that low MWCO membranes are better suited for NOM removal, because most of the NOM in surface waters consist mainly of humic substances, which were only effectively rejected by the lower MWCO membranes. However, when humic substances are effectively rejected, CP can become extensive, leading to a significant increase in filtration resistance by the formation of a cake/gel layer at the membrane surface. For this reason, cross-flow operation, which reduces CP, is recommended.

Structural characterization of an immunostimulating polysaccharide from the stems of a new medicinal Dendrobium species: Dendrobium Taiseed Tosnobile

Dendrobium Taiseed Tosnobile, a new Dendrobium species developed by crossbreeding Dendrobium tosaense and Dendrobium nobile, exhibits the characteristics of high mass production and high polysaccharide content. This study investigated the structural characterization and immunostimulating effects of a polysaccharide isolated from D. Taiseed Tosnobile (DTTPS). DTTPS was fractioned using a DEAE–650M column to obtain the major neutral polysaccharide (DTTPS-N). The structural characteristics of DTTPS-N were investigated through high-performance anion exchange chromatography, high-performance size exclusion chromatography, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In the immunostimulating experiment, BALB/c mice were administered DTTPS (100 and 300mg/kg) daily for 3 weeks. The results revealed that DTTPS-N comprised arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, and xylose at a ratio of 1:1.5:3.0:29.9:1.3. DTTPS-N comprised (1→3; 1→4)-Man as the backbone, and its average molecular weight was 281kDa. Pharmacological experiments demonstrated that DTTPS substantially increased the population of splenic natural killer (NK) cells, NK cytotoxicity, macrophage phagocytosis, and cytokine induction. This is the first study to demonstrate the structural characteristics and immunopharmacological effects of an active polysaccharide derived from D. Taiseed Tosnobile.

Preparation, characterisation and antioxidant activities of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) polysaccharides extracted by ultra‐high pressure

SummaryLitchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a fruit containing many nutrients. Based on a three level, three‐variable Box‐Behnken design, response surface methodology, was used to optimise the process of ultra‐high pressure (UHP) assisted extraction of litchi polysaccharides (LCP). The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: pressure 460 MPa, treatment time 17 min and liquid–solid ratio 15. The experimental yield for extracting LCP was 12.01% under the optimal conditions. The LCP had a high polysaccharide and low protein content. GC results showed that LCP was composed of rhamnose, fucose, mannose and galactose with the corresponding molar percentages of 7.89, 46.45, 9.71 and 19.63. Infrared analysis showed that LCP had a typical spectrum of an α‐configuration pyranose ring. Antioxidant activity analysis revealed that LCP possessed a strong reducing power and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and could protect against the damage of hydroxyl radicals. The investigations demonstrated that UHP could be a valuable way to separate polysaccharides from litchi pulp, and LCP may be potentially developed to an antioxidant for food industries.

Rye non-starch polysaccharides: their impact on poultry intestinal physiology, nutrients digestibility and performance indices – a review

Abstract A high content of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), namely arabinoxylans (AX), in rye is a reason for the potential adverse effect of this grain on intestinal functions, gut microflora, absorption of nutrients and performance indices. As such, the use of rye grain in intensively produced poultry diets is limited. However, recently developed new types of hybrid rye are characterised not only by increased yield potential, resistance to fungus and pests and low production costs, but also the content of antinutritive substances may be reduced in these varieties. The aim of this paper is to discuss the mechanisms of NSP effects in the digestive tract, as well as to review the results of recent studies on the use of rye in poultry nutrition. Based on the literature data, it can be concluded that the use of new hybrid rye varieties with decreased NSP concentration and NSP-hydrolising enzymes may be a way of increasing the share of rye grain in poultry diets.

An improved protocol for flow cytometry analysis of dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.)—Species with a high polysaccharide content

Assessing the nuclear C–DNA content and estimating DNA ploidy in succulent species, such as dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp., Cactaceae), is a challenging task. Dragon fruit tissues are rich in polysaccharides that are released during the nuclei isolation procedure, inducing the formation of clusters of nuclei and hence leading to inaccurate results. Our flow cytometry protocol for dragon fruit species is simple, rapid and reproducible. Our innovations include: modifications to the nuclear isolation buffer to ‘match’ the cytosol composition of the cells; filtration of the samples instead of centrifugation, thereby preventing co-precipitation of nuclei and polysaccharides; and staining of the nuclei with propidium iodide. DNA ploidy of dragon fruit samples were estimated using a reference standard − either external or internal − with a known ploidy level and a known nuclear DNA content. The best results were obtained using new emerging and actively growing stem tips, which have lower concentrations of polysaccharides and a lower frequency of endopolyploid nuclei, thereby simplifying the nuclei isolation procedure.

Optimization of high quality total RNA isolation from the microalga, Chlorella sp. (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) for next‐generation sequencing

SUMMARYThe advent of high‐throughput next‐generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled more comprehensive transcriptome analyses to obtain gene expression data and understand metabolic pathways essential for functional analysis and systems biology. The isolation of high purity and intact RNA of sufficient quality and yield is crucial to the success of NGS sequencing. In green microalgae, extraction of nucleic acids is hindered by high concentration of lipids and polysaccharides that co‐precipitate with nucleic acids thus resulting in reduced yield and poor quality extracts. The present study compared the performance of standard and modified total RNA isolation protocols using different cell disruption techniques combined with TRIzol reagent or a commercially available kit, in meeting the stringent requirements for downstream NGS application of a green freshwater microalga, Chlorella sp. The protocols were evaluated for (i) the yield of RNA, (ii) integrity of RNA as determined by the RNA integrity number and (iii) the purity of RNA as determined by the A260/A280 and A260/A230 ratios. In general, higher yields were obtained by cell disruption via flash freezing and homogenizing with liquid nitrogen followed by lysis with TRIzol reagent. We recommend the incorporation of a salt precipitation step to improve the purity and integrity of RNA isolated. Results of this study served as a simple and low‐cost practical guide for researchers working on isolation of high quality total RNA from microalgae, considering that most relevant publications do not provide a detailed methodology for total RNA isolation or use more expensive methods (e.g. bead‐beater).

Breeding of new Ganoderma lucidum strains simultaneously rich in polysaccharides and triterpenes by mating basidiospore-derived monokaryons of two commercial cultivars

The aim of this study was to breed G. lucidum strains simultaneously rich in polysaccharides and triterpenes by mating of basidiospore monokaryons of two commercial cultivars, G. lucidum JC and AL. By incubation of freshly collected basidiospores, 31 monokaryons were isolated (19 from strain JC, and 12 from strain AC), and showed significant differences in mycelial growth and contents of polysaccharide and triterpene. Mating between the two strains yielded 83 instances of sexual compatibility. Of the hybrids isolated, sixteen ones that showed moderate and fast substrate colonization were evaluated in terms of fruiting. All the tested hybrids produced fruiting bodies but varied considerably in time to first harvest, productivity, yield distribution, and pileus shape and color. Significant differences in polysaccharide content (from 6.79 to 18.21mg/g dry weight) and triterpene content (from 5.90 to 10.87mg/g dry weight) were also observed among the hybrids. Notably, high concentrations of polysaccharides (16.63mg/g dry weight) and triterpenes (10.50mg/g dry weight) were both present in hybrid H-23, with satisfactory biological efficiency (19.41%). An antagonism test and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis indicated that H-23 is a new hybrid strain. This hybrid may be suitable for use in commercial production of G. lucidum for manufacture of more effective health-promoting and medicinal products. To our knowledge, the present study is the first report on the development of new G. lucidum strains via mating by means of basidiospore-derived monokaryons.

Impact of Enteric Health and Mucosal Permeability on Skeletal Health and Lameness in Poultry.

Intestinal barrier leakage and/or altered gut microbial composition has been shown to markedly impact both osteoblast and osteoclast activities, systemically through circulation of gut immune cells and cytokines and locally by causing inflammation of extraintestinal organs such as the liver and bone marrow. Mild cases of heightened intestinal inflammation can cause bone loss in male mice in the absence of any overt nutritional deficiencies or weight loss, which has also been shown in chickens that have been infected with Salmonella. For poultry, ingredients selected for feed formulation have also a significant impact on gut health, intestinal microbiota, bone quality, and performance parameters. Consumption of diets with a high content of soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) can affect bone quality parameters by reducing the amount of conjugated bile acids in the intestine, therefore diminishing the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin D and minerals like calcium and phosphorus. Recent enteric inflammation studies have shown that high NSP-containing diets have effects on intestinal viscosity, bone mineral content, and breaking strength, along with increased fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) leakage. Other skeletal diseases, such as bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis and enterococcal spondylitis, have a microbial component that is associated with increased mucosal permeability of the gut. Probiotics targeted toward control of enteric inflammation, either created through infectious disease or poor diet, may serve as a strategy for control of predisposing factors that lead to bone disorders.

Physiological characteristics, dry matter, and active component accumulation patterns of Changium smyrnioides in response to a light intensity gradient

Context: Changium smyrnioides Wolff (Apiaceae) is an endangered medicinal plant with numerous pharmacological uses. Objective: To investigate the effect of light intensity levels on the growth and accumulation of secondary metabolites of C. smyrnioides, cultivated seedlings were subjected to different relative light intensities via sun-shading. Materials and methods: Changium smyrnioides seedlings were subjected to five irradiance treatments (100, 60.54, 44.84, 31.39, and 10.56% sunlight) in glasshouse for 9 months. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants with spectrophotometric method, photosynthetic parameters with Li-6400XT, dry matter accumulation and active component contents in the root with spectrophotometric and HPLC method were analyzed. Results: With an increase in relative light intensity levels, activities of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were increased overall, while net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and dry matter accumulation patter first increased and then declined. The highest net photosynthetic rate (30.68 μmol/m2·s) and dry root weight (5.07 g) were achieved under 60.54% sunlight. Lower relative light intensity levels stimulated the accumulation levels of bioactive compounds in the roots so that the highest contents of mannitol (1.35%) and choline (405.58 μg/g) were recorded under 31.39% sunlight, and the highest polysaccharide content (10.80%) were achieved under 44.84% sunlight. With a decrease in the relative light intensity levels, the water-soluble component content increased first and then decreased. Discussion and conclusion: The results revealed that 31.39–60.54% sunlight serve as appropriate relative light intensity conditions for cultivated C. smyrnioides.

Modified low-salt CTAB extraction of high-quality DNA from contaminant-rich tissues.

The increasing use of high-throughput sequencing platforms has made the isolation of pure, high molecular weight DNA a primary concern for studies of a diverse range of organisms. Purification of DNA remains a significant challenge in many tissue and sample types due to various organic and inorganic molecules that coprecipitate with nucleic acids. Molluscs, for example, contain high concentrations of polysaccharides which often coprecipitate with DNA and can inhibit downstream enzymatic reactions. We modified a low-salt CTAB (MoLSC) extraction protocol to accommodate contaminant-rich animal tissues and compared this method to a standard CTAB extraction protocol and two commercially available animal tissue DNA extraction kits using oyster adductor muscle. Comparisons of purity and molecular integrity showed that our in-house protocol yielded genomic DNA generally free of contaminants and shearing, whereas the traditional CTAB method and some of the commercial kits yielded DNA unsuitable for some applications of massively parallel sequencing. Our open-source MoLSC protocol provides a cost-effective, scalable, alternative DNA extraction method that can be easily optimized and adapted for sequencing applications in other contaminant-rich samples.

Genomic DNA Isolation from High Polyphenolic Content Grewia asiatica L. Leaf Without Using Liquid Nitrogen

Grewia asiatica (Grewoideae family) is also known as Phalsa, used for the medicinal purpose has a high content of polysaccharides and polyphenols together with flavonoids and other secondary metabolites which obstructs their pure genomic DNA extraction. Although, there are various good quality DNA extraction protocols, extracting DNA from a high phenolic content plant is a challenging task. The present study describes an efficient and rapid DNA isolation protocol by optimizing cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) cocktail specifically for the extraction of DNA from polyphenolic leaf of G. asiatica without using liquid nitrogen. Extracted genomic DNA has high purity index (1.95) examined by A260/A280 ratio. The presence of good quality DNA was also evident by gel electrophoresis. The optimized DNA extraction method is efficient for both fresh and old tough leaves with high polyphenolic contents. The achievement of this method in extracting high quality of genomic DNA demonstrated the broad applicability of this method.

USES OF SEAWEED AND ITS APPLICATION TO HUMAN WELFARE: A REVIEW

&lt;p&gt;Seaweed research has been carried out for more than seven decades by many research workers. Research has been done separately in different aspects accordingly to our need. The main objective of the present review is to gather information relating to nutritional, pharmacological, clinical, biochemical, industrial uses and its application to human welfare. Seaweeds have a high concentration of essential vitamins, trace elements, proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, enzymes, and minerals as compared to terrestrial foodstuffs. These plants have been a source of food, fodder, medicine, cosmetics, energy, fertilizer and are used for industrial production of agar and alginate. Their recent utilization increases in poultry due to their nutritive value. In the present scenario, it is being used for wastewater treatment such as treatment of wastewater to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus containing compounds. This review work is an attempt to highlights all the relevant application and uses of seaweeds and its products. Finally, this paper would be helpful to a common man to know and aware about such a great living resources which is present in and around us.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;