High Competition Research Articles

Medical Rehabilitation and Health Resort Treatment at the Resort “Sernovodsk-Kavkazsky”

INTRODUCTION. Medical rehabilitation and health resort treatment are important parts of the health care system of the Chechen Republic, which are actively developing with high potential and competitiveness. Studies on the treatment of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases show the effectiveness of natural therapeutic resources and other innovative non-medication methods. AIM. To analyze and identify the most promising for the development of the Resort “Sernovodsk-Kavkazsky” directions of treatment of patients with chronic non-infectious diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Data from information-analytical systems of the sanatorium-resort industry of the Russian Federation and the data of our own research were used for the analysis. RESULTS. The analysis and the main results confirming the effectiveness of treatment of patients with chronic non-infectious diseases with the use of natural healing resources and other innovative non-medication methods realized in the Resort “Sernovodsk-Kavkazsky” are presented. The most promising ways of development of health resort treatment and medical rehabilitation are determined. CONCLUSION. The increasing activity of unfavorable environmental factors, which negatively affect the functional state of the organism and the level of health of the population as a whole, require from the health care system continuous improvement, including in the sanatorium and resort industry.

Enhancing Competitiveness in Vocational Education: The Role of Strategic Marketing in Schools

This study aims to analyze marketing strategies to improve vocational high school competitiveness in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study type. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis is done through data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The study results indicate that the school's competitive advantage lies in its special expertise in automotive technology, strong partnerships with leading companies, and modern facilities. The school's proactive approach to updating its curriculum to suit industry needs, effective branding and digital media strategies, and partnerships with industry have contributed to its success in producing employable graduates. The implications of this study suggest that vocational schools can improve their competitiveness by adopting a strategic marketing approach that focuses on building strong industry partnerships, developing relevant curricula, and utilizing digital media to promote their vocational programs.

Penalties imposed on board chairs and corporate innovation: evidence from China

ABSTRACT While previous literature has explored the role of board chairs in firm performance, little is known about how penalties imposed on board chairs shape firms’ strategic decisions and their risk attitude. This study investigates the impact of penalties imposed on board chairs on corporate innovation. Drawing upon the reputation repair and resource dependence perspectives, we present two competing hypotheses that provide distinct insights into how penalties imposed on board chairs influence corporate innovation. Employing a comprehensive dataset of Chinese listed firms, we find that penalties imposed on board chairs lead to a decline in corporate innovation, supporting the resource dependence hypothesis. Further analysis find that this effect is more pronounced in firms with low redundant resources, high media attention, high industry competition, and those are non-state-owned. Our findings contribute to the growing body of the literature on board chairs, innovation and regulatory penalties by exploring the impact of penalties against board chairs on corporate innovation.

Model Komunikasi Orang Tua untuk Kecerdasan Emosional dan Spiritual Anak dalam Membangun Generasi Emas di Medan

Abstract The Golden Generation is a generation that has high intelligence, character and competitiveness. One important factor in forming the Golden Generation is to provide children with emotional and spiritual intelligence. This emotional and spiritual intelligence will help children develop themselves as a whole and be able to face various challenges in life. Parental communication has an important role in child development, including the development of emotional and spiritual intelligence. An effective parental communication model can help children in several ways, including: 1. Developing self-confidence 2. Learning to manage emotions 3. Building positive relationships with other people 4. Developing moral and spiritual values. This research uses qualitative method with a case study approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with parents and children in Medan. The research results show that there are several models of parental communication that are effective in building children's emotional and spiritual intelligence in Medan. Some of these models include: 1. Open and honest communication 2. Communication that is full of love and attention 3. Communication that provides support and encouragement 4. Communication that is based on moral and spiritual values ​​Effective parental communication models have a role important in forming the emotional and spiritual intelligence of children in Medan. By giving children emotional and spiritual intelligence, we can help them develop themselves holistically and be able to face various challenges in life. This will ultimately contribute to the formation of a Golden Generation in Medan.

Mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) alter activity and spatial cohesion across a continuous forest and forest fragment in Costa Rica.

Habitat loss due to deforestation is a primary threat to global biodiversity. Clearing tropical rainforests for agriculture or development leads to forest fragmentation. Forest fragments contain fewer large trees and provide lower food availability for primates compared to continuous forests. Mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) inhabit fragmented rainforests and may need to alter their activity budgets and spatial cohesion to mitigate competition and conserve energy in fragments where food quality is lower. We compared howler monkey activity and spatial cohesion across a small forest fragment (La Suerte Biological Research Station, LSBRS) and a large, continuous forest (La Selva Research Station) in Costa Rica. We predicted that monkeys at LSBRS would rest more, feed more, travel less, and be less spatially cohesive compared to La Selva to contend with fewer resources in the small fragment. Using instantaneous scan sampling at 2-min intervals during 30-min focal samples, we recorded activity and the number of individuals within 5m of the focal animal. We collected 1505h of data from 2017-2024. Monkey activity and spatial cohesion differed significantly across sites. As predicted, monkeys at LSBRS spent more time feeding than at La Selva, but contrary to our predictions, they rested less and traveled more. The mean number of individuals within 5m was significantly lower at LSBRS compared to La Selva. The ability to modify their activity and spatial cohesion in response to fragmentation provides insight into how primates can contend with fewer resources and higher competition in changing ecosystems worldwide.

Project-oriented strategic management of UK construction firms – towards corporate diversification: critical literature review

PurposeThe paper analyses the strategic management strategies of UK Construction Contracting Firms (CCFs) and their impact on the industry, highlighting their fragmentation, high-risk, low-profit nature and low profit returns. It suggests proactive strategies for sustainable growth and explores the potential of corporate diversification.Design/methodology/approachUtilising a thematic critical literature review, specific inclusion/exclusion criteria are used to select relevant literature together with a thematic qualitative synthesis data analysis approach to identify trends and challenges.FindingsUK CCFs primarily use reactive and project-based strategic management, which may not align with long-term success due to market volatility, reactive supply, fragmentation, high competition and lack of differentiation. The short-term business cycle makes medium- to long-term strategy development difficult. It is recommended that CCFs adopt proactive strategic management and consider corporate diversification for enhanced competitiveness, stability and performance. Although there are conflicting findings on the impact of diversification on firm performance, this research suggests that it is a viable strategy for achieving enhanced firm performance and competitive advantage.Research limitations/implicationsThe importance of proactive corporate strategies for CCFs is emphasised to overcome industry challenges, promote sustainable growth and enhance competitiveness. Corporate diversification, cultural transformation, management qualifications promotion and talent development collaboration are advocated, providing valuable insights for practitioners, policymakers and researchers.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of this research involve fostering a shift towards proactive and dynamic strategic management in the UK construction industry, addressing the historical neglect of broader strategic perspectives and empowering practitioners and academics to drive positive change and innovation within the sector.Social implicationsThe social implications of this research encompass the potential to enhance the overall efficiency, sustainability and collaborative dynamics within the UK construction industry, which can ultimately contribute to improved infrastructure development and the well-being of communities.Originality/valueProject-driven strategic management in the UK construction industry is explored, questioning the reactive approach used by CCFs. It provides insights, best practices and improvement areas, emphasising diversification, proactive corporate strategies, cultural shifts and industry improvement, spanning theory, practice and theory.

The Role of Intrasexual Competition and the Big 5 in the Perpetration of Digital Dating Abuse.

Recent research has examined digital dating abuse through an evolutionary lens, finding people who report intrasexual competitiveness engage in digital dating abuse. Here, we replicated this finding and extended the literature by examining the role of the Big Five personality traits in the perpetration of digital dating abuse, which, to our knowledge, has not been examined in relation to digital dating abuse (n=280). This paper reports findings showing intrasexual competitiveness positively predicts the perpetration of digitaldating abuse; whereby high intrasexual competition is related to high levels of digital dating abuse. Agreeableness was a negative predictor of digital dating abuse; whereby high agreeableness was related to low perpetration of digital dating abuse. Our findings extend the literature exploring digital dating abuse through an evolutionary lens.

Innovative Approaches to Assessing the Competitiveness of Business Structures Using the Method of Analysis of Hierarchies in Multi-Criteria Ranking

The primary objective of this paper is the practical testing of a multi-criteria rating methodology for assessing the competitiveness of business structures. This aims to evaluate critical functional areas of their operations and justify specific managerial decisions to ensure sustainable competitiveness. Maintaining the competitiveness of business structures becomes a primary task in the context of high uncertainty and competition, as well as the presence of crises and politico-economic problems. To achieve the set objective, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), developed by T. Saaty, was utilized. This practical method allows for multi-criteria comparisons using expert evaluations and calculations of eigenvectors and values, providing systematization and quantitative assessment of criteria and alternatives' priorities. AHP includes procedures for synthesizing multiple judgments and obtaining priorities, allowing for consideration of the 'human factor' in decision-making preparation. The study results demonstrate that the multi-criteria approach to rating the competitiveness of business structures effectively accounts for all areas of their activities and forms an adequate comprehensive measure of competitiveness. Within the study's framework, three business structures with different performance trends were analyzed. The comparative importance of criteria and sub-criteria for competitiveness assessment was determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process, considering the specifics of the business structures and their business activities. The proposed methodology for multi-criteria rating of business structures' competitiveness allows for a comprehensive assessment of their activities and justification of specific managerial decisions to ensure sustainable competitiveness. The use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process helps to consider the influence of various factors and conditions, contributing to a more objective assessment and strategic decision-making. The application of the proposed methodology is universal and can be effectively used in various sectors of business structures' activities, showcasing its adaptability.

Political economy and slum improvement: a study on longitudinal data of Kolkata slums

This study investigates the political economy of slums to understand the role of political competition, electoral power, and political alignment in service delivery. The paper examines whether political competition is likely to improve housing and basic services in slums. It is based on surveys of slum dwellers in 2012 and 2021–22 in Kolkata, India. The results suggest that slum improvement may lead to slum eviction in the future. The political alignment and their electoral power of elected members influence housing and basic services. Ward level high political competition and fragmentation will degrade service in a slum if the incumbent administration and politician fail to showcase their credibility through overall long-term improvement of the service across all the slums. Housing and some services were found to better in slums facing high political competition and fragmentation. For an inclusive slum improvement, government should plan with the community and engage the market rather than depend on market-led or unplanned government initiatives.

Factors to Male-Female Sex Approaches and the Identification of Volatiles and Compounds from the Terminalia of Proholopterus chilensis (Blanchard) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Females in Nothofagus obliqua (Mirb.) Oerst. (Nothofagaceae) Forests in Chile.

During the spring-summer seasons between 2019 and 2023, in the localities of Maquehue (La Araucanía Region) and Llifén (Los Ríos Region), we collected 262 virgin Proholopterus chilensis (1 female/2.3 males) specimens emerging from the live trunks of N. obliqua trees, an atypical sex ratio in Cerambycidae, suggesting high male competition for females. Virgin specimens of both sexes were individually placed in panel traps in the field, capturing only males (n = 184) over the field study seasons and only in traps baited with females. This fact preliminarily suggests the P. chilensis females emit possible "volatile or airborne" pheromones (eventually being a long-range sex pheromone), something unusual in Cerambycinae, the subfamily to which it currently belongs, although the taxonomic status of the species is under debate. In Llifén and Santiago (Metropolitan Region), behavioral observations were conducted, which allowed us to define the conditions necessary for male-female encounters that were replicated when carrying out volatile captures (Head Space Dynamic = HSD) and collections of compounds from terminalias excised from females. In field trials, virgin females less than ten days old were more attractive than older ones and attracted males during the night, i.e., between 23:00 and 5:00 AM, when the ambient temperature exceeded 11.6 °C. The aeration of females under the conditions described above and subsequent analysis of extracts by GC-MS allowed the identification of compounds absent in males and the control, including two oxygenated sesquiterpenes, a nitrogenous compound (C20), and a long-chain hydrocarbon (C26). From the terminalia extracts, hentriacontane, heptacosane, and heneicosyl, heptacosyl and docosyl acetates were identified by GC-MS, and their roles are unknown in the development of short-distance sexual behaviors, but they could serve to mark a trail leading the male towards the female in the final stage of approach for courtship/mating. Thus, we proposed the hypothesis that P. chilensis females emit both a long-range and a trail-pheromone, which, if confirmed, would be a rare case in this family. The specific identity of the compounds obtained by HSD, as well as the activities of these chemicals and those obtained from the terminalias, should be evaluated in future behavioral studies, as well as regarding their potential to attract males under field conditions. The current document is the first report on volatiles obtained from aerations and compounds extracted from female terminalia in P. chilensis.

Patterns of innovation-driven tourism competitiveness: Insights from 270 Chinese cities

This paper utilizes innovation ecosystem theory to examine how an innovation ecosystem (comprising economic, technological, labor, and institutional subsystems) promotes tourism competitiveness through internal interaction. Employing fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis and necessary condition analysis techniques, this study assesses the necessity and sufficiency of an innovation ecosystem for high tourism competitiveness. Findings demonstrate that industrial structure and human capital innovations are requisite for tourism competitiveness, with the former being more universally applicable. Further, this study identifies an earlier innovation-driven mechanism for superior tourism competitiveness: leveraging industrial structure and human capital, and four contemporary innovation-driven mechanisms: leveraging industrial structure, leveraging policy, leveraging technology, and leveraging industrial structure and wages. The rationalization of industrial structure and human capital enhancement serve distinct bottleneck roles. This article contributes to understanding the link between innovation ecosystems and tourism and similarly suggests approaches for enhancing tourism competitiveness through innovation system development.

Сравнение схожести интеллект-карт в задачах маркетингового анализа

High competition requires new methods, tools, and technologies for implementing marketing efforts. Mind maps represent marketing information in a compact way, which facilitates classification and visualization of the marketing phenomenon under analysis. The method of text analysis can be applied to marketing research because mind maps that represent marketing information are a structured text; such an approach makes it possible to subject mind maps to linguistic processing. This research combined the conventional semantic analysis with comparing mind maps as a method of semantic-graph analysis. Initial marketing data were converted into a structured graph of lexical units, which were them compared pairwise to calculate similarity, taking into account the structural-multiple approach. The methods of semantic text analysis proved applicable to marketing data and effective in extracting additional information from a set of heterogeneous sources or different experts. Text analysis tools demonstrated a good potential for broadening the rage of marketing research methods.

Effect of ESG performance on stock price crash risk: evidence from China

ABSTRACT This study investigates the impact of ESG performance on stock price crash risk using a dataset of Chinese-listed firms in the period 2015 – 2020. Empirical evidence reveals a negative association between ESG performance and stock price crash risk, particularly under high product market competition conditions. Mechanism analysis suggests that ESG performance reduces stock price crash risk by alleviating maturity mismatch and optimizing debt maturity in investment and financing, but only when market competition is intense. These findings align with the resource dependence theory, indicating that strong ESG performance enhances a firm’s ability to acquire resources and mitigate stock price crash risk in highly competitive environments. Consequently, ESG performance not only augments a firm’s competitive advantage but also serves as a risk reduction tool, enabling investors to construct more sustainable investment portfolios.

The Significance of Competence, Human Resource Development, and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance at BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in Makassar City

In the era of globalization and rapid technological development, organizational performance is highly dependent on the quality of human resources. In order to achieve its strategic goals, organizations such as BPJS Employment require employees who have high competence, skills and competitiveness to improve their performance. This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of competence, human resource development and organizational culture on the performance of employees of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Makassar City. This study used a quantitative method involving 77 respondents, whose data were collected through questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS V.24 software. The results showed that employee competence has a positive but insignificant effect on performance, while human resource development and organizational culture each showed a positive and significant effect on employee performance, with a confidence level of 95%.

The Role of Organizational Culture on Knowledge Management and Green Innovation in Private Universities

Innovation for sustainability in private universities has emerged as a crucial area of research globally. The existing literature highlights the significance of organizational culture, knowledge management, and green innovation in achieving sustainability goals. This study aims to determine the influence of organizational culture on knowledge management and green innovation in private universities located in LLDIKTI Region II. A cross-sectional research design was employed, with data collected via questionnaires from a sample of 305 respondents from private universities in LLDIKTI Region II. The data were analyzed using the Smart PLS structural equation model to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings of this research align with human resource-based theory, which posits that organizational sustainability is determined by the strength of its internal resources. The results confirmed that organizational culture significantly influences knowledge management (Hypothesis 1) and green innovation (Hypothesis 2) in private universities within the specified region. The study also underscores that private universities function as quasi-public organizations that blend business principles with a social approach to meet community needs while maintaining high competitiveness in a globalized world. This research contributes to the body of knowledge by examining the multidimensional relationship between knowledge management processes, organizational culture, and green innovation in private universities. By exploring these interconnections, the study provides valuable insights for enhancing sustainability and competitiveness in higher education institutions. The study concludes that a strong organizational culture is essential for fostering effective knowledge management and promoting green innovation in private universities. Future research could expand the sample size and incorporate additional variables, such as organizational commitment, to deepen the understanding of the dynamics at play.

Menggagas Inovasi Madrasah Ibtidaiyah di Era Digital Perspektif Kebutuhan dan Harapan Pelanggan

This research aims to initiate innovations that can build and maintain the existence of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI) in the digital era, taking into account the perspective of customer needs and expectations. The digital era brings challenges as well as opportunities for Islamic educational institutions, including MI, to adopt technology in the learning process and education management. This study examines how MI can adapt to the development of digital technology without ignoring Islamic values that are the foundation of education. Through the literature research method, this study analyzes various literature related to technology adaptation in education, and explores strategies that have been successfully implemented in other Islamic educational institutions. The results of the study show that the adoption of digital technology in MI can improve teaching effectiveness and strengthen the interaction between teachers and students. However, this adaptation must be done carefully to ensure that technology does not diminish the essence of Islamic teachings. In addition, the study found that MIs that are responsive to customer needs and expectations, such as students, parents, and the community, have higher competitiveness. Collaboration between MI, the government, and the private sector was also identified as an important factor in supporting innovation in MI.

Competitive Strategy Analysis and Formulation of Selected Strategy Alternatives Through the Blue Ocean Strategy Approach at PT XYZ

PT XYZ is a dairy manufacturing company in an industry that has high competition. Products from PT XYZ are not satisfactory even though the price is competitive, so they often do not reach sales and revenue targets. This research aims to find out the internal and external conditions of PT XYZ and formulate the right strategy to compete in the market. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach, collecting primary data through interviews, questionnaires, and observations, as well as secondary data from company literature and other sources. Sampling was carried out by the purposive sampling method and the validity of the data was checked using source triangulation. Data analysis was carried out using various matrices such as IFE, EFE, IE, SWOT, and QSPM, as well as blue ocean strategies for the implementation of the right strategy. The results of the study show that the IFE matrix score is 2.607 and the EFE matrix score is 3.435, so that the position of PT XYZ on the SWOT diagram in quadrant II. From the results of the SWOT matrix, the company has 11 alternative strategies, including 4 SO strategies, 2 ST strategies, 3 WO strategies, 2 WT strategies. An alternative strategy that is the main priority based on the eval_uation of the QSPM matrix is product innovation. The recommended strategy for PT XYZ to face competition is to innovate products. By developing new dairy products that have added value or new variants, PT XYZ can differentiate itself from competitors in the dairy market. These innovative products can attract the attention of consumers who are looking for variety or additional benefits from dairy products. Through this innovative product, PT XYZ can increase sales and expand the market.

Design and Technological Aspects of Integrating Multi-Blade Machining and Surface Hardening on a Single Machine Base

Modern mechanical engineering faces high competition in global markets, which requires manufacturers of process equipment to significantly reduce production costs while ensuring high product quality and maximum productivity. Metalworking occupies a significant part of industrial production and consumes a significant share of the world’s energy and natural resources. Improving the technology of manufacturing parts with an emphasis on more efficient use of metalworking machines is necessary to maintain the competitiveness of the domestic machine tool industry. Hybrid metalworking systems based on the principles of multi-purpose integration eliminate the disadvantages of monotechnologies and increase efficiency by reducing time losses and intermediate operations. The purpose of this work is to develop and implement a hybrid machine tool system and an appropriate combined technology for manufacturing machine parts. Theory and methods. Studies of the possible structural composition and layout of hybrid equipment at integration of mechanical and surface-thermal processes were carried out, taking into account the basic provisions of structural synthesis and componentization of metalworking systems. Theoretical studies were carried out using the basic provisions of system analysis, geometric theory of surface formation, design of metalworking machines, methods of finite elements, and mathematical and computer modeling. The mathematical modeling of thermal fields and structural-phase transformations during HEH HFC was carried out in ANSYS (version 19.1) and SYSWELD (version 2010) software packages using numerical methods of solving differential equations of unsteady heat conduction (Fourier equation), carbon diffusion (2nd Fick’s law) and elastic–plastic behavior of the material. The verification of the modeling results was carried out using in situ experiments employing the following: optical and scanning microscopy; and mechanical and X-ray methods of residual stress determination. Formtracer SV-C4500 profilograph profilometer was used in the study for simultaneous measurement of shape deviations and surface roughness. Surface topography was assessed using a Walter UHL VMM 150 V instrumental microscope. The microhardness of the hardened surface layer of the parts was evaluated on a Wolpert Group 402MVD. Results and discussion. The original methodology of structural and kinematic analysis for pre-design studies of hybrid metalworking equipment is presented. Methodological recommendations for the modernization of multi-purpose metal-cutting machine tool are developed, the implementation of which will make it possible to implement high-energy heating with high-frequency currents (HEH HFC) on a standard machine tool system and provide the formation of knowledge-intensive technological equipment with extended functionality. The innovative moment of this work is the development of hybrid metalworking equipment with numerical control and writing a unique postprocessor to it, which allows to realize all functional possibilities of this machine system and the technology of combined processing as a whole. Special tooling and tools providing all the necessary requirements for the process of surface hardening of HEH HFC were designed and manufactured. The conducted complex of works and approbation of the technology of integrated processing in real conditions in comparison with traditional methods of construction of technological process of parts manufacturing allowed to obtain the following results: increase in the productivity of processing by 1.9 times; exclusion of possibility of scrap occurrence at finishing grinding; reduction in auxiliary and preparatory-tasking time; and reduction in inter-operational parts backlogs.

From Inception to Recognition: Crafting Digital Marketing Success for Startups

In today’s digital landscape, startups face significant challenges in establishing brand recognition and engaging customers effectively. This paper explores how the AIDA Model comprising Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action can be applied to create digital marketing strategies that guide startups through each stage of the consumer journey, from building initial awareness to encouraging conversion. It focuses on the importance of using specific marketing tactics, such as creating engaging content, leveraging social media, fostering personalised communication, and utilising data analytics to enhance brand visibility and customer loyalty. By examining real-world examples and reviewing existing research, the study illustrates how the AIDA Model helps startups navigate common hurdles like limited budgets, high competition, and the need for swift brand establishment. The paper concludes by offering practical recommendations to help startups achieve growth and a robust market presence through strategic digital marketing efforts.

Mikania micrantha Kunth leaf Methanol Extract as Bioherbicide Againts The Growth of Amaranthus spinosus L. Weeds

The presence of weeds on plantation land causing a decrease in growth and productivity of cultivated plants. Thorny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus L.) is broadleaf weeds that have high competitiveness. This study aims to determine the influence of the application of bitter vine (Mikania micrantha Kunth) leaf extracts against the growth of thorny amaranth and the best concentration that can inhibit the growth of thorny amaranth weed. This study has been carried out for October 2023 - March 2024 in the Biology Screen House and Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four levels concentration treatment of bitter vine leaf extracts with five replications. The treatment consisted of bitter vine leaf extract with a concentration 0% (0g/ml) as a control, 15% (0,15 g/ml), 20% (0,2 g/ml) and 25% (0,25 g/ml). Data was analysed using Kruskal Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test. The results showed giving bitter vine leaf extracts can inhibited the growth of thorny amaranth weeds. Application of bitter vine leaf extract concentration 15% was the best treatment that can inhibited the growth of thorny amaranth on parameters weeds height (2,53 cm), number of leaves (2,65 strands), root length (1,74 cm), wet weight (0,13 grams) and dry weight (0,01 grams).