Higher Chroma Research Articles

Discussing color representations and implicit assumptions in Schloss et al.'s (2020) study on conventional notions of color‐emotion associations

AbstractAfter controlling for lightness and chroma statistically or colorimetrically, Schloss et al. (2020, JOSA A) showed that yellow hues were not judged to be happier than blue hues. They concluded that high lightness and high chroma rather than yellow hue drive yellow‐happy associations. We agree with their main conclusions but wish to expand on two underdeveloped discussion themes: (i) the notion of experience versus concept, and (ii) implicit assumptions. Our commentary highlights the complexity of psychological studies on color‐affect associations, including possibilities of alternative data interpretations and directions for future studies.

Dyeing and finishing wastewater treatment via a low-cost hybrid process of hydrolysis-acidification and alternately anoxic/oxic sequencing batch reactor with synchronous coagulation

For dyeing and finishing wastewater (DFW) characterized by high chroma, organic nitrogen content, refractory organics, pH and salinity, there is a challenge to meet the stringent direct discharge standard in China (e.g., COD, NH4+-N, TN, TP, and chroma <80, 10, 15, 0.5 mg/L, and 50 dilution times) after conventional treatment. Motivated by the failure of hydrolysis-acidification (HA), high cost from glucose addition for denitrification and ozonation for chroma removal in a DFW treatment plant in China, a lab-scale low-cost hybrid process of HA and alternately anoxic/oxic sequencing batch reactor (HA + A/O-SBR) with synchronous coagulation was optimized for pre-treated DFW (COD, NH4+-N, TN, TP, and chroma of 1100, 9, 37, 4 mg/L, and 650 dilution times) treatment in this study. After debugging via low pH operation to eliminate and/or inhibit VFAs consuming microorganisms followed by optimization of reaction time, the HA-SBR produced effluent with COD, total VFAs, NH4+-N, and chroma of 736, 64.2, 19.5 mg/L, and 120 dilution times, achieving effective VFAs accumulation and NH4+-N conversion from organic nitrogen. The alternately A/O-SBR with optimal reaction time of 3 h for each stage and step feeding ratio of 800:200 mL had the best effluent with COD, NH4+-N, TN, TP, SS, aniline, and chroma of 94, <0.1, 13.5, 2.63, 31, 0.45 mg/L, and 58 dilution times. Synchronous coagulation using polymeric ferric sulfate with Fe:P molar ratio of 6 in the A/O-SBR produced effluent with COD, TP, and chroma of 77, 0.42 mg/L, and 35 dilution times, meeting the direct discharge standard.

An innovative method for the fractionation and pretreatment of pig farm biogas slurry by ultrafiltration

Humic acids and macromolecular organics in pig farm wastewater can limit the efficacy of biochemical treatment and lead to high chroma. In this work, an ultrafiltration (UF) pretreatment method for building pig farm wastewater was developed. Key process parameters, such as the membrane molecular weight cutoff (MWCO), transmembrane pressure (TMP) and permeate reflux ratio, were explored and optimized. The membrane fouling was evaluated, and the UF permeate underwent sequencing batch reactor (SBR) biochemical treatment. The UF performance was appropriate at 100 kDa and 0.1 MPa. When the permeate reflux ratio was 200%, the UF time was shortened by half. After the UF permeate underwent SBR biochemical treatments, the effluent met the current discharge standards (GB18596-2001). The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) results showed that UF pretreatment can reduce the concentration and types of organics in the SBR effluent. A new wastewater treatment and resource recovery method for building pig farms is provided.

Effects of Changes in Environmental Color Chroma on Heart Rate Variability and Stress by Gender.

With increasing time spent indoors during the coronavirus disease pandemic, occupants are increasingly affected by indoor space environmental factors. Environmental color stimulates human vision and affects stress levels. This study investigated how changing environmental color chroma affected heart rate variability (HRV) and stress. The HRV of nine males and fifteen females was measured during exposure to 12 color stimuli with changes in chroma under green/blue hues and high/low-value conditions, and a stress assessment was performed. The effect of chroma on the HRV of males and females was verified, but the interaction effect between chroma and gender was not. ln(LF) and RMSSD were valid parameters. ln(LF) of males and females decreased as chroma increased under the green hue and low-value conditions; RMSSD was reduced as chroma increased in the blue hue and low-value conditions. ln(LF) decreased as chroma increased under blue hue and high-value conditions in males. Color–stress evaluation revealed that the higher chroma under high-value conditions, the more positive the stress emotion, and the lower the chroma under low-value conditions, the more negative the stress emotion. As chroma increased under low-value conditions, color is a stress factor; for men, this effect was more evident in the blue hue.

The degradation of printing and dyeing wastewater by manganese-based catalysts

Printing and dyeing wastewater generally has high pH, high turbidity, poor biodegradability, complex composition, and high chroma, which make it one of the most difficult industrial wastewaters to treat. Herein, heterogeneous ozone oxidation technology is applied to oxidize and degrade printing and dyeing wastewater. A metal oxide catalyst supported on activated carbon (γ-MnO2/AC) was prepared by hydrothermal synthetic method and shown to enable synergistic catalysis involving MnO2 metal sites and N/C sites. A simulated methyl orange solution was used to determine the effects of various preparation and operation parameters. The results confirmed that the γ-MnO2/AC catalyst exhibited good chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and reusability. Additionally, γ-MnO2/AC demonstrated excellent degradation of the secondary biochemical effluent of printing and dyeing wastewater (COD removal = 72.45% within 120 min). The γ-MnO2/AC catalyst was fully characterized, and the mechanism governing its catalytic ozone oxidation process was investigated experimentally.

Visible-light-driven melamine foam/PANI/N,O,P containing covalent organic polymer for achieving H2O2 production and boosting Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ) cycle

Low transparency of the wastewater as one of the limitations weakens photocatalyst activity. Herein, a self-floating melamine foam/polyaniline (PANI)/N,O,P-containing covalent organic polymer (MF/PANI/NOP–COP) photocatalyst was successfully synthesized to achieve in-situ H2O2 production and boost Fe(Ⅱ)/Fe(Ⅲ) cycle, exhibiting a strong catalytic activity for treating high chroma wastewater. Compared with the PANI/NOP–COP powder, the Rhodamine B degradation and mineralization efficiencies were enhanced by 3.5 and 6.6 times in the presence of the self-floating MF/PANI/NOP–COP, respectively. The enhanced catalytic activity was derived from the satisfied visible light harvest performance (4.8%) and the high surface charge injection efficiency (96.4%) in the high chroma environment. Meanwhile, 179 ± 29.5 μM H2O2 was generated and the stabilized Fe(Ⅱ) concentration was increased from 0.21 mM to 0.45 mM, reducing the additive dosages of Fe(Ⅱ) and H2O2. Moreover, the self-floating MF/PANI/NOP–COP exhibited an easy-to-recycle property and a broadened range of pH application (2–6). The high-efficiency degradation performance was owing to the sustainable generation of •OH at the Fenton/photocatalysis dual reaction activity centres in the photocatalysis-self-Fenton system.

Enhanced treatment of oily ink wastewater using a modified degreaser by nano-Fe3O4/Na2S2O8: Efficient coagulation and sedimentation

Ink wastewater is hazardous because it contains oil and refractory pollutants, with high Chroma and turbidity. There are many aromatic compounds in the wastewater, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and phthalocyanines, azos, and nitroso, which make high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen content. The refractory pollutants are always encapsulated in diverse oil-water systems. Usually a massive degreaser has to be used to destroy the dispersant oil forms under preferred alkaline condition, and advanced oxidation is used for good removal of refractory pollutants under preferred acid condition, which commonly lead to a bad coagulation and sedimentation as a result. In this study, the nano-Fe3O4 (MNPs) activated sodium persulfate (SPS) has been testified to enhance degrease with efficient coagulation and sedimentation. The results showed that the removal of oil, COD, ammonia nitrogen, Chroma and turbidity reached respectively 96.40%, 98.35%, 88.00%, 99.70% and 98.22%, within 40–50 min. The mechanism shows that the catalytic oxidation significantly decreased the Zeta potential of the colloidal particles in the wastewater, which destroyed the steady-state of the colloid and enhanced the effect of coagulation sedimentation. Importantly, the combination of MNPs and colloidal particles successfully promoted the simultaneous production of SO4− and a large amount of HO under weakly alkaline (pH = 7.5–8.0) conditions, which made synergistic oxidation to remove micro-oil and organic pollution efficiently.

How different shades of red T-shirts enhance the perceived attractiveness of Asian women in digital photographs

This paper investigates whether different shades of red clothes increase women’s perceived attractiveness to men and women in digital photographs. We also examined whether there was any variance in perceived attraction according to the color shade of clothes due to personal physical color traits based on Personal Color Analysis System. Participants evaluated a woman’s attractiveness presented in a photograph featuring different skin and hair colors and t-shirts in four red shades. The results indicate that the four different red shades—low chroma/high value, low chroma/medium value, high chroma/medium value, and low chroma/low value—examined in this study can enhance female attractiveness on a digital photo. Significantly, the high chroma and medium value—often considered vivid—red had a greater appeal to males and females in most skin and hair color types. This study is the first to investigate the perceived attractiveness of Asians wearing red in the context of digital photographs. The findings give insight to people and marketers with a better understanding perceived attractiveness of red clothing in digital photos. Additionally, this study confirms that the value and chroma of color, which was overlooked in previous research, should be considered as variables in studies of clothing color meanings.

Masking Abilities of Dental Cad/Cam Resin Composite Materials Related to Substrate and Luting Material.

An outstanding treatment challenge related to aesthetic monolithic materials is to mask discolored substrates in aesthetic areas. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the substrate masking ability of different resin composite materials and the influence of their association with luting agents and substrates. Five types of 2M2 HT (high translucency) resin composite materials were selected: Vita Enamic [E] and four types of nanoparticle-filled composites Lava Ultimate [L], Cerasmart [C], Shofu HC [S], and Hyramic [H]. Resin composite Vita VM LC with different shades was used for the substrates: 2M2, 3M2, and CP2. Variolink Esthetic Try-inpastes neutral, light+, and warm+ colors were chosen to simulate the luting agent color. Optical parameters (TP (translucency), CR (contrast ratio), and OP (opalesce)) and color differences ΔE (chromatic difference) were calculated. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the comparisons between the groups and establish correlations. TP average values for all materials were in the range of 21.49–24.53. OP average values were in the rage of 6.31–7.85. OP is moderate positive correlated to TP and CR is negative and strong correlated to TP. Related to materials, average color changes decrease as following: E > H > C > L > S. Referring to the tryin material, warm colors induce marked color changes of the restoration. The differences of the color changes determined by all studied substrates are significant. For the final aesthetic aspect of the restoration, it is essential to consider the underlying dental structure, luting agent, and restoration material as a whole unit. The masking ability of the investigated resin matrix ceramic materials materials shows differences, the best behavior demonstrated Shofu HC and Lava Ultimate. Marked color changes are related to high chroma substrates. For substrates with a darker color, the association with warm try-in pastes lead to marked color changes, but with neutral and light try-in pastes at most perceivable.

Studies on the Genesis of Soils in Jong River Basin in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone

The soil resources of Sierra Leone remain an integral part of sustainable agricultural development but knowledge of the suitability of soils and their management requirements for a variety of land uses is still lacking to a greater extent. In this view, a detailed soil survey of three chiefdoms in Northern Sierra Leone was undertaken to evaluate the genesis of soils and interpret soil-landscape properties and their relationships using the toposequence and free style approach of soil survey. Three major soil types, viz, gravelly, gravel-free over gravel and gravel-free soils, formed either directly or indirectly from weathered and disintegrated parent materials of two geologic origins namely Rokel River Series (comprising of sandstone, shale and mudstone), and Granite and Acid Gneiss were identified. The gravelly soils are formed from sandstone and sandy shales of the Rokel River Series, which upon weathering released iron and hydrated oxides that hardened into plinthite upon drying. The gravel-free over gravel soils are formed from acid gneiss containing acid and intermediate igneous and metamorphic rocks, which upon weathering produced sandy clay textured soils whereas the gravel-free soils are derived from sedimentary rocks (shales and mudstones) of Rokel River Series, which upon weathering and action of organisms produced sandy clay loam and sandy clay textured soils. The gravel-free over gravel soils are mostly located in the summit and back slopes and show dark brown to dark yellowish-brown hue and moderate chroma, weak to moderate structure and absence of coarse fragments in the 0 - 40 cm layer, and a strong brown hue and high chroma, very weak fine angular blocky structure having abundance of coarse fragments from 40 cm and above. In these soils, the compactness of ironstone and sandstone gravels increases with depth. The gravel-free soils are found on three landscape positions, viz, back slopes, foot slopes and toe slopes. On the back and foot slopes, the soils are characterized by very dark brown to dark yellowish-brown hue and high chroma, sandy loam to sandy clay texture, coarse angular to moderate sub-angular blocky structure and absence of coarse fragments throughout the horizon. In these soils, the clay content and sand grain sizes were observed to increase with depth. On the toe slopes, the soils show black to greyish-brown hue and low chroma, silty loam to sandy loam, structureless and high water holding capacity.

Effect of pre-harvest practices on physical and colorimetric characteristics of date fruit (cv. ‘Aziza Bouzid’) in Figuig oasis

Dates represent a very important energy source that contains a wide range of functional, nutritional, bioactive, and aromatic components. Dates characteristics have been widely studied but none has been conducted on the pre-harvest factors responsible for the quality variation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of pre-harvest practices on physical and colorimetric characteristics. The analyses were conducted on twelve samples of ‘Aziza Bouzid’ cultivar and collected at Tmar stage from Figuig oasis. Results obtained for physical parameters show a significant variation between different samples. Weight of ‘Aziza Bouzid’ varied from 5.44 g to 9.04 g. Geometric mean diameter and Porosity varied from 13.08 mm to 17.01 mm and 31.88 % to 42.3 % respectively for ‘Aziza Bouzid’. Highest Chroma and hue values registered for ‘Aziza Bouzid’ were 38.14 and 83.22 and the lowest were 21.1 and 67.15. This study contributes to develop good agricultural practices, help improve the quality and increase the quantity of Moroccan date production.

A Study on Hair Art with the Motif of Winter Flowers

The purpose of this study is to increase the artistic value of hair art. And it is about providing basic data and expanding contributions to follow-up research. Hair art works reinterpret the inner beauty of winter flowers that bloom in full bloom in the cold winter. The research method collected prior studies and references based on winter flowers. Also, we selected four types of winter flowers and analyzed their shapes and colors. I created 4 pieces of hair art. As a result, the colorful color of work 1 increased the aesthetic effect due to its high chroma. Works 2 expresses the elegance of irregularly blooming petals on a single stalk. In work 3, warm yellow flowers are soft and cozy on a scrawny tree. The flower in work 4 is seductive navy purple. And the large and small flowers were placed stably with increased concentration. In conclusion, the possibility of creating hair art from a new perspective was confirmed by applying several colors with white wigs. In future research, we look forward to the possibility of combining hair art with nature motifs and re-lighting it with formative art to satisfy its value.

Carcass Composition and Quality of Meat of Pulawska and Pulawska x PLW Crossbred Pigs Fed Rations with Naked Oats.

Simple SummaryDue to the presence of fibrous hulls, the use of traditional cultivars of oats (Avena sativa L.) in feed rations for pigs is restricted. The development of naked oat cultivars (Avena nuda L.) containing only about 2% of crude fibre allowed this cereal grain to be included in the diets of monogastric animals. The present studies evaluated the efficiency of a 60% inclusion of naked oats in rations fed to Pulawska pigs and Pulawska x Polish Large White (PLW) crossbreds on their performance results (weight gain, feed conversion), carcass composition and physical (pH, colour, WHC) and chemical (essential nutrients, fatty acids) characteristics of meat. It was demonstrated that a 60% inclusion of naked oats is recommended in the diets of Pulawska pigs and Pulawska x PLW crossbreds to maintain carcass composition and meat quality comparable to that of pigs fed with rations containing barley only. The performance indicators of Pulawska pigs declined, but their meat quality traits improved in terms of nutritional value, as the n-6/n-3 acids’ ratio was narrower than that of Pulawska x PLW.The study aimed to determine the impact of a 60% inclusion of naked oats in feed rations for Pulawska pigs and Pulawska x Polish Large White (PLW) crossbreds on the fattening performance, carcass composition, and meat quality. It was demonstrated that—independent from their diet—Pulawska pigs showed a daily weight gain about 14.5% lower (p ≤ 0.05), with about 15% higher feed conversion rate. The experimental factors showed no impact on the dressing percentage, meatiness, and backfat thickness, except that the “eye” of the loin was significantly smaller (by 4.55 cm2) in Pulawska pigs. There was no interaction effect (diet/breed) for the pigs’ performance results and carcass composition. A 60% inclusion of naked oats in the pigs’ diet did not affect the weight of primal cuts in the right-side half-carcass. Compared to Pulawska pigs, crossbreds featured a significantly lower weight of bacon and ribs (by 1.17 kg) but a higher (p ≤ 0.05) weight of fillet (by 1.0 kg) and ham with shin (by 0.43 kg). The diet had no impact on the evaluated muscles, except a reduction (by 2.3 points) in colour lightness (L) of musculus semimembranosus in fattening pigs receiving feed rations with a 60% share of oats. Both muscles in Pulawska pigs showed significantly better (p ≤ 0.05) water-holding capacity and reduced colour lightness (L) in comparison to crossbred pigs. Moreover, the longissimus lumborum muscle of Pulawska pigs had a higher chroma (C) and a lower hue (H). The contents of essential nutrients in the evaluated muscles did not depend on the pigs’ diet and breed, except that a higher by 0.3% (p ≤ 0.05) intramuscular fat content was found in the longissimus lumborum muscle of Pulawska pigs. Neither of the experimental factors showed significant impact on the total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), or on neutral or hypocholesterolemic (DFA) and hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (OFA) in the evaluated muscles. The muscles of Pulawska x PLW pigs contained more (by 1.77% FA in the longissimus lumborum and 1.16% in the semimembranosus) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than the muscles of the Pulawska breed (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, naked oats included in the pigs’ diet increased (p ≤ 0.05) the share of PUFA in intramuscular fat. The muscles of Pulawska pigs, in comparison to the muscles of crossbreds, showed a significantly improved ratio: by 66% and 69% in the longissimus lumborum and the semimembranosus muscles, respectively. To sum up, a 60% inclusion of naked oats is recommended in the rations of both Pulawska pigs and Pulawska x PLW crossbreds, since it allows satisfactory carcass composition and meat quality to be maintained. Pulawska pigs had worse productivity ratios but showed improved meat quality traits in terms of the n-6/n-3 ratio.

안토니오 로페즈의 작품에 나타난 1960년대 패션 일러스트레이션의 색채 이미지 연구

The purpose of this study was to explain the color image and component by analyzing the color images that appeared in Antonio Lopez’s works in the 1960s. To this end, the characteristics of Lopez’s 1960s fashion illustrations were analyzed through theoretical consideration. That is, the researcher selected 91 pieces of these illustrations and identified their colors. The team found that Lopez wanted the present a new image of a woman, not the typical fashion illustration that represented an upper-class woman. More specifically, Lopez wished to display an image from everyday life or youthful fashions that were popular at the time, expressing a bright, cheerful image of a woman. Additionally, Lopez’s method for representing women in everyday life employed a variety of types, such as soft-dynamic, soft-static, hard-dynamic, and hard-static images. As a component for expressing women of various images, Lopez used high chroma colors or pastels to express cheerful and cute images, abandoning brighter colors for achromatic hues to represent delicate, modern images of women. Beyond this, dynamic images appeared that possesses various component, such as mixes of achromatic and chromatic colors, complex and irregular curves, dynamic human poses, and fashion displaying abstract patterns. Therefore, these results highlight the importance of color for fashion students. Furthermore, these data could be used as a reference for the component according to the fashion illustration image.

Micro-oxygenation level as a key to explain the variation in the colour and chemical composition of wine spirits aged with chestnut wood staves

A deep knowledge of oxygenation level effect on wine spirits' ageing is imperative to understand ageing chemistry and to select the most suitable technological option towards quality and sustainability. Following two articles on the same trial, this work focused on colour, total phenolic index (TPI) and basic chemical characteristics of a wine spirit aged in 50 L demijohns with chestnut wood staves together with three micro-oxygenation (MOX) levels. Chromatic characteristics and TPI were monitored over time (8–365 days) while sensory colour, alcoholic strength, acidity, pH and dry extract were assessed at the end of ageing. Results showed that stronger oxygenation promoted significantly faster colour evolution (lower lightness, higher chroma, red, yellow and brown hues) and higher TPI than mild and intermediate oxygenation until 60 days, probably by favouring the leaching of outer wood layers and extraction/degradation of tannins. No significant differences were found between these ageing modalities at 365 days. Outcomes suggest that the stronger MOX is the most suitable modality in terms of quality and sustainability. Significant differences between wine spirits resulting from MOX and control modality (slower colour evolution, lower TPI and dry extract) confirms the oxygen pivotal role in wine spirit's ageing, particularly in the colour evolution.

Multilayer Structure Ammoniated Collagen Fibers for Fast Adsorption of Anionic Dyes.

Dye wastewater has become one of the difficult industrial wastewaters due to its significant characteristics such as high chroma and poor biodegradability. Here, we use collagen fibers (CFs) as the matrix, glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking agent, and polyethyleneimine (PEI) as the ammoniating modifier to prepare cationic-modified collagen fibers (CF-PEI). The CF-PEI still maintained the original fibrous structure with a larger adsorption area. The content of primary amino groups on CF-PEI was significantly increased, which not only improved the hydrophilic swelling performance of CFs but also improved the adsorption capacity. The adsorption capacity of CF-PEI for soap yellow and acid red could reach 538.2 and 369.7 mg g–1, respectively. The adsorption rate was fast, and the adsorption equilibrium could be reached in about 60 min. Desorption regeneration studies have shown that 0.1 mol L–1 HCl could achieve a better desorption effect, and the CF-PEI had a good recycling performance. The ammoniated modified CF-PEI was an excellent adsorption treatment material for anionic dye wastewater. It is expected to become an effective way for high-value resource utilization of waste dander in the leather industry.

The Effect of Organic, Inorganic Fertilizers and Their Combinations on Fruit Quality Parameters in Strawberry

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is widely grown and highly appreciated by consumers around the world for its delicious, soft, and highly nutritious fruits. Turkey is one of the most important strawberry producers in the world. Strawberry cultivation in Turkey typically involves the use of chemical fertilizers and more recently organic and organic + chemical fertilizers have been started to use in commercial production to produce healthier fruits. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of organic, chemical, and organic + chemical fertilizer treatments in strawberry (cvs. ‘Albion’, ‘San Andreas’ and ‘Monterey’) fruit quality parameters including fruit color (L*, a*, b*, C and h°) parameters, soluble solids content, total acidity, fruit firmness, vitamin C, specific sugars and organic acids. Results showed that in particular fruit color parameters, soluble solid content (SSC), total acidity, fruit firmness, and vitamin C (L-Ascorbic acid) in fruits of three strawberry cultivars were significantly affected by different fertilizer applications (p &lt; 0.05). Compared with conventional chemical fertilizer treatment, the organic fertilizer treatment produced fruit with significantly higher contents of SSC and glucose but decreased fruit firmness and vitamin C. Organic fertilizer also gave more intense colored strawberry fruits with high Chroma values (47,948 in organic fertilizer application and 39,644 and 39,931 in organic + chemical fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, respectively). Citric acid was identified to be the predominant organic acid in strawberry fruits but treatments were found insignificant on citric acid content.

Trichromatic Vat Dyeing of Cationized Cotton.

This article deals with cationization of cotton during mercerization and its effects on trichromatic vat dyeing. If cationization is carried out during the after-treatment, regardless of cotton pretreatment, the reaction takes place on the surface and blocks cellulose groups, subsequently resulting in uneven coloration. However, when cationization is carried out with an epihalohydrin during the mercerization process, new cellulose is formed in which the cationic compound is uniformly distributed and trapped between cellulose chains, resulting in uniform coloration after the dyeing process. The reaction time for the process during mercerization is 24 h, thus a more favorable process was researched. Based on electrokinetic analysis, it was found that 5 h was sufficient for the reaction with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC). The cationization of cotton contributed to the processes of vat dyeing. The change in charge upon cationization resulted in very high adsorption of vat-dye anions, indicating that ionic bonding occurred in addition to van der Waals forces. The color depth improved by more than 10 times. It should be emphasized that the colors with higher chroma and targeted color hue, especially in trichromatic dyeing, were obtained on cationized cotton, in contrast to standard cotton fabrics. The color differences obtained under the different light sources indicate the occurrence of metamerism. Considering the color fastness to laundering, vat-dyed cationized fabrics of all colors may be used in hospitals or other environments where high hygiene and oxidative bleaching are required.

LDHs-based 3D modular foam with double metal-fluorine interaction for efficiently promoting peroxymonosulfate activation in water pollutant control

Sulfate radical (SO4·-)-based AOPs has gradually become an attractive Fenton-like reaction protocol for refractory wastewater treatment. However, powder form of catalysts is not industrially favorable due to processing issues and challenges in transportation. Design efficient and stable modular catalysts is a promising alternative with application prospect. Here, a series of LDHs 3D porous foam as catalytic module with double metal-F interaction has been constructed by in-situ growth of CoFe-LDH nanoarrays on PVDF framework (CoFeLDH(F)/PVDF) through NH4F-assist hydrothermal, and used for activating PMS in water pollutant control. The high density CoFe-LDH nanoneedles and porous structure endow the catalytic foams with a number of accessible active sites, meanwhile the superhydrophilicity accelerates mass transfer. Moreover, metal-fluorine coordination can provide growth sites and modulate the charge distribution of metal ions, while metal-fluorine ionic bond makes more Co sites exposure. Consequently, the CoFeLDH(F)/PVDF foam displays ultrafast decolorization in flowing dye wastewater. A packed column module is also designed as proof-of-concept device for continuous degradation of simulated dyes polluted river water. This work provides a facile strategy for large-scale pre-treatment of high chroma wastewater in high-salinity, turbulent, and corrosive conditions.

Catalytic degradation of acid red B in the system of ultrasound/peroxymonosulfate/Fe3O4

The wastewater containing azodyeswastewater features high chroma, difficult degradation and great harm to the environment. It is difficult to meet the increasingly stringent requirements for industrial wastewater discharge using traditional water treatment methods. In this paper, degradation of Acid Red B in the system of ultrasound/peroxymonosulfate/Fe3O4 was investigated. The effects of Fe3O4 dosage, peroxymonosulfate dosage, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic frequency, initial azo dye concentration and initial pH value on degradation were studied through orthogonal experiments. Besides, through single factor experiment, the influence of various factors on the degradation was determined in the system of ultrasound/peroxymonosulfate/Fe3O4. Ethanol and tert-Butanol were used to study the dominant radicals in the system. NaH2PO4, NaHCO3 and NaCl were added to study the degradation effect of inorganic anions on acid red B. Finally, ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer was used to scan the spectrum to analyze the degradation path of acid red B in the system of ultrasound/ peroxymonosulfate/Fe3O4. The results indicate that proposed method is of great potential application value in removal of organic pollution and environmental purification.