High-capacity Lithium-ion Batteries Research Articles

Surface Oxidation Layer-Mediated Conformal Carbon Coating on Si Nanoparticles for Enhanced Lithium Storage.

Si is a well-known high-capacity lithium-ion battery anode material; however, it suffers from conductivity and volume expansion issues. Herein, we develop a "surface oxidation" strategy to introduce a SiOx layer on Si nanoparticles for subsequent carbon coating. It is found that the surface SiOx layer could facilitate the conformal resin coating process through strong interactions with phenolic resin, and well-defined core@double-shell-structured Si@SiOx@C can be obtained after further carbonization. Without the surface SiOx layer, only a negligible fraction of Si nanoparticles can be encapsulated into the carbon matrix. With enhanced conductivity and confined volume change, Si@SiOx@C demonstrates high reversible capacity as well as long-term durability.

Porous hydrogen substituted graphyne as a promising anode for lithium-ion batteries.

Porous hydrogen substituted graphyne (HsGY) has been considered as a promising candidate for anode material due to its excellent electrochemical properties. In this work, we found that monolayer and bilayer HsGY are good electrodes for high charge capacity lithium-ion batteries based on density functional theory calculations. Mechanical tests reveal that monolayer and bilayer HsGY exhibit excellent mechanical properties, including large critical strains (>25%) and high in-plane stiffness (>200 N m−1). The bilayer HsGY displays ultrahigh stiffness (400.27 N m−1). Li adsorption on bilayer HsGY is stronger than that on the monolayer HsGY. Moreover, Li diffusion on the surfaces of monolayer and bilayer HsGY has low energy barriers (<0.5 eV). Our calculation results suggest that HsGY may contain the highest theoretical charge capacity among two-dimensional (2D) materials studied so far, with ultrahigh Li capacities of 3378 and 2895 mA h g−1 for monolayer and bilayer HsGY, respectively. Given these advantages, including large critical strain, high mechanical stiffness, strong adsorption, low diffusive energy barrier, and high charge capacity, we conclude that both monolayer and bilayer HsGY could be promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.

A perylene-based aromatic polyimide with multiple carbonyls enabling high-capacity and stable organic lithium and sodium ion batteries

We have synthesized a perylene-based aromatic polyimide (PI) through the polycondensation of perylene dianhydride with a 2,6-DAAQ. The battery cells with the PI cathode exhibited high discharge capacities of 209 mA h g−1 (Li+/Li) and 207 mA h g−1 (Na+/Na) at 200 mA g−1.

Sustainable bio-derived materials for addressing critical problems of next-generation high-capacity lithium-ion batteries

Sustainable bio-derived materials solve the critical issues of low ionic and electrical conductivity, large volume variation, lithium dendrite formation, and the shuttle effect of the sulfur cathode in lithium-ion batteries.

Composites of Silicon@Li4Ti5O12 and Graphite for High-Capacity Lithium-Ion Battery Anode Materials

Silicon (Si) is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity. However, it suffers from poor capacity retention during cycling due to mechanical stresses, pulverization, and an unstable solid electrolyte interface. One practical approach to mitigate the problem is a coating design, where nano-sized silicon is encapsulated within a selected protective layer. In this study, silicon nanoparticles have been coated with a protective layer of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) ceramic and prepared using a water-based sodium alginate binder. It is found that the Si@LTO composites can be combined with graphite to improve battery performance further. The composite electrodes have been tested in half cells at C/10 and 1C rates. The best Si@LTO and graphite composite has an initial high capacity (∼900 mAh g−1 at C/10 and ∼600 mAh g−1 at 1C) and good capacity retention. It is found that this capacity retention is superior to Si@LTO alone and a binary composite of silicon with graphite. These Si@LTO + graphite composites are a promising way to integrate silicon into the development of stable and high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.

Interlayer spacing engineering in N doped MoS2 for efficient lithium ion storage

MoS2 has been intensively studied as a promising anode material for high capacity lithium ion batteries (LIBs), which is strongly limited by its poor cycling stability and inferior rate performance. In this work, the strategy of interlayer spacing engineering is applied on MoS2 to effectively expand the interlayer spacing from 0.62 nm to 0.98 nm, with the addition of ւ-cysteine during hydrothermal process. The cycling stability is significantly improved. The composites of interlayer expanded MoS2 and graphene oxide are further treated by N plasma to effectively dope N into both reduce graphene oxide and MoS2. The final product exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance as anode in LIBs, with high reversible capacity of 643 mA h·g−1 after 400 cycles at the rate of 500 mA g−1 and excellent rate capacity of 580 mA h·g−1 up to the rate of 2000 mA g−1. This work demonstrates that proper nanostructure engineering and electronic structure modification can make MoS2 a promising electrode material in highly fast and stable energy storage applications.

High capacity lithium-ion battery anode using silicon-doped blue phosphorene

For ion batteries, the choice of electrode materials is very important. Over the years, it has attracted more and more attention. In this study, we propose a new anode material for the Li-ion batteries which is silicon-doped (Si-doped) blue phosphorene (BP). Using the first-principles calculation method, we study the geometry, adsorption energy, diffusion barrier, mechanical strength, specific capacity and charge transfer of lithium adsorbed on a single-layer Si-doped BP surface. The results show that the diffusion of Li in the armchair and zigzag directions on Si 0·125 P 0.875 is 1.04 and 0.55 eV, while the diffusion in the armchair and zigzag directions on Si 0·25 P 0.75 is 1.00 and 0.64 eV. Similarly, the theoretical specific capacities of the two Si-doped BP are 875 mAhg −1 (Si 0·125 P 0.875 ) and 886 mAhg −1 (Si 0·25 P 0.75 ), which are greater than the pure single-layer BP anode in a Li-ion battery. In addition, during the insertion or diffusion of Li, the structural integrity of Si-doped BP can be well maintained. Therefore, it can be concluded that Si-doped BP is an excellent candidate material for Li-ion battery anodes. • The theoretical specific capacities of the two Si-doped BP are 875 mAhg -1 (Si 0.125 P 0.875 ) and 886 mAhg -1 (Si 0.25 P 0.75 ). • During the insertion or diffusion of Li, the structural integrity of Si-doped BP can be well maintained. • The average voltages of the lithium intercalation in Si 0.125 P 0.875 and Si 0.25 P 0.75 are estimated to be 0.91 V and 0.46 V.

Millisecond photothermal carbonization for in-situ fabrication of mesoporous graphitic carbon nanocomposite electrode films

Binder-free mesoporous graphitic carbon composite films on polymer or metal substrates are attractive for high-surface-area electrodes to achieve superior device performances. However, rapid and large-area fabrication of such materials remains a significant challenge due to the harsh conditions required for the carbonization process. We report an efficient method that combines bottom-up precursor film assembly with photothermal processing using sub-millisecond light pulses generated from a xenon flash lamp. This approach enables the rapid carbonization and graphitization of precursor films over large areas at ambient bulk temperature to yield functional films while avoiding damage to the substrates. The films contain light-absorbing nanoparticles to convert light energy into heat, a block copolymer to template the porous structures via self-assembly, and phenol-fomaldehyde resin to form the carbon skeleton. Graphitic carbon nanoribbons embedded in a porous carbon matrix are created under mild conditions using iron nanoparticles as the catalyst during the millisecond photothermal process. The resulting composite films show excellent electrochemical properties and are demonstrated for use as high capacity lithium ion battery anodes.

Fabrication of AgWO4/CNT nanomaterial for high capacity lithium ion battery

ABSTRACT Herein, we report the synthesis of AgWO4 nanomaterial (AWN) and Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) wrapped AgWO4 nanomaterial (AWNC) via the solvothermal method and is used as an anode material for lithium-ion battery (LIB). The AWNC exhibits, 1202 mAh g−1 discharge capacity at 0.1 A g−1 current density with good cyclic stability and 100% columbic efficiency even after 500 cycles. The AWNC electrode shows a reversible capacity of 594, 521, 252, 143 and 84 mAh g−1 at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5 and 1 A g−1 respectively. The 543 mAh g−1 reversible capacity recovered at 0.1 A g−1 after cycling at several current densities suggests the good rate performance of the AWNC electrode. The decent electrochemical performance of the AWNC is due to the synergetic effect between AgWO4 and SWCNT. AWNC shows improved rate capability, better cycling stability, reversible capacity and capacity retention than that of AWN. These results suggest that AWNC is an exciting anode material for LIB

Sustainable and Low-Cost Lithium-Ion Batteries: Nonconventional Electrode Chemistries and State of Health Characterization

With the advancements in portable electronics and electric vehicle (EV) applications, the demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy densities is ever increasing. Battery-powered transportation is being adopted more frequently due to its potential to enable a more sustainable society by reducing vehicle emissions from fossil fuels. There has been exponential growth in the need for high-capacity LIBs in all types of EVs, including hybrid and full electric automobiles, e-bikes, and drones, as well as electric tools, cell phones, tablets, and, more recently, house storage; this growth significantly increases the consumption of source material commodities, especially cobalt. Despite its drop in price in the last couple of years due to increased mining, cobalt remains expensive, and its price increase has gained momentum again compared to other electrode materials due to higher demand. Moreover, its toxicity and difficult mining practices could result in many problems, including excessive carbon dioxide and nitrogen dioxide emission along with a possible much higher demand in the long term. This provides a strong motivation to explore alternatives to battery source materials. In this article, we present a selection of our important works on LIBs, with a focus on alternative electrode chemistries by using abundant and sustainable material sources. As alternatives to traditional graphite-based anodes, we demonstrate the successful use of both silicon electrodes derived from beach sand and waste glass and carbon electrodes derived from portobello mushroom and waste plastic precursors. In addition, we demonstrate stable cycling of batteries with nonconventional electrode chemistries, such as lithium-sulfur with TiO2-coated sulfur electrodes and sulfur-silicon full cell batteries with integrated lithium sources. Batteries prepared by sustainable methods not only perform better than conventional ones but also result in reduced costs. Since accurate determination of battery state of health is another important challenge, we further present our electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-based analysis of LIBs, which could potentially be utilized in safety evaluations of current and next-generation LIBs.

A first-principles comparative study of lithium, sodium, potassium and calcium storage in two-dimensional Mg2C

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have recently emerged as potential candidates for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries anode materials because of their compelling physicochemical and structural properties. In the present study, we use first-principles calculations to investigate the performance of 2D Mg2C as anode materials for Li, Na, K and Ca-ions batteries. The calculated average open-circuit voltage are 0.37, 0.50, 0.03 and 0.06 eV vs Li, Na, K, Ca. No significant structural deformations are observed on the 2D Mg2C upon the adsorption of Li, Na, K or Ca and the metallic characteristic of the 2D Mg2C is retained. The metallic behaviour of both pristine and adsorbed Mg2C ensures the desirable electric conductivity, implying the advantages of 2D Mg2C for batteries. The Na and K atoms show an extremely high diffusivity on the 2D Mg2C with a low energy barrier of 0.08 and 0.04 eV respectively, which is about an order of magnitude smaller than that of Li atom. For the Na and K atoms, the theoretical storage capacity can reach up to 1770 mAh g−1, nearly two times that of the Li atom of 885 mAh g−1. Our study suggests that the 2D Mg2C is a promising anode material which offers a fast ion diffusion and high storage capacity.

A Robust Surface-Modified Separator Fabricated with Roll-to-Roll Atomic Layer Deposition and Electrohydrodynamic Deposition Techniques for High Temperature Lithium Ion Batteries

A multilayer separator is developed by the deposition of ultrathin polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) layers on polyolefin separator using in-house designed novel roll-to-roll atmospheric atomic layer deposition (R2R-AALD) and electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) methods. The conformal coatings of ultrathin PVDF (∼5 um) and Al2O3 (∼10 nm) layers form a highly uniform interconnect microporous structure, which enhances thermal stability and mechanical strength. The deposition of PVDF and Al2O3 layers also improves electrolyte wettability and electrolyte uptake (256%), which gives rise to ionic conductivity. The Al2O3/PVDF/Celgard separator shows excellent thermal stability with minimal shrinkage up to 180 °C and robust mechanical strength. The lithium cobalt oxide/graphite (LCO/graphite) cells based on as-developed multilayer separator deliver excellent discharge capacity of 130.9 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C after 150 cycles and capability of 99.6 mAh g−1 at 5 C after 100 cycles at room temperature. Moreover, the LCO/graphite cells with Al2O3/PVDF/Celgard separator also show remarkable cyclic performances at elevated temperatures. The as-developed separator proves to be a better candidate for high capacity lithium ion batteries, especially for high temperature conditions.

Electrochemical Performance of an Ultrathin Surface Oxide-Modulated Nano-Si Anode Confined in a Graphite Matrix for Highly Reversible Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Si-based anode materials have attracted considerable attention for use in high-capacity lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but their practical application is hindered by huge volume changes and structural instabilities that occur during lithiation/delithiation and low-conductivity. In this regard, we report a novel Si-nanocomposite by modulating the ultrathin surface oxide of nano-Si at a low temperature and highly conductive graphene-graphite matrix. The Si nanoparticles are synthesized by high-energy mechanical milling of micro-Si. The prepared Si/SiOx@C nanocomposite electrode delivers a high-discharge capacity of 1355 mAh g-1@300th cycle with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.5% and a discharge capacity retention of ∼88% at 1C-rate (500 mA g-1). Remarkably, the nanocomposite exhibits a high initial Coulombic efficiency of ∼87% and excellent charge/discharge rate performance in the range of 0.5-5C. Moreover, a comparative investigation of the three different electrodes nano-Si, Si/SiOx, and Si/SiOx@C are presented. The exceptional electrochemical performance of Si/SiOx@C is owing to the nanosized silicon and ultrathin SiOx followed by a high-conductivity graphene-graphite matrix, since such a nanostructure is beneficial to suppress the volume changes of silicon, maintain the structural integrity, and enhance the charge transfer during cycling. The proposed nanocomposite and the synthesis method are novel, facile, and cost-effective. Consequently, the Si/SiOx@C nanocomposite can be a promising candidate for widespread application in next-generation LIB anodes.

Simulation-Based Analysis of Structural and Thermodynamic Aspects of the Electrochemical Lithiation of Silicon Nanoparticles

Lithium-ion batteries are among the most predominant energy storage systems for portable to stationary electronic devices. Lithium-ion batteries are indispensable to laptops, mobile phones, and electric vehicles due to their high energy/power density and long cycle life. Silicon has been intensively pursued as one of the most promising anode materials because of its high specific capacity (4200 mAh/g for Li22Si5), in comparison with the conventional graphite (372 mAh/g for LiC6), and its abundance. Despite its high capacity, silicon-based anode materials suffer from fast capacity loss caused by its large volume change (>300%), unstable solid electrolyte interphase and the physical disintegration, such as racking and crumbling, of the electrode structure during lithiation and delithiation processes. Therefore, there are various research activities to control the electrochemical performance of silicon anode materials. The engineering of silicon nanostructures proved to be an effective method for improving capacity and cycling stability, since nano-sized silicon can alleviate mechanical fractures during volume changes. In particular, silicon nanoparticles can be added into the void region in the polycrystalline graphite matrix, resulting in an effective increase in the overall energy density of the anode. In this work, we designed reasonable structural models of silicon nanoparticles in terms of particle size and lithiation ratio through Monte Carlo simulations, and we conducted a series of first-principle simulations to understand their intrinsic electrochemical properties. We reported the theoretical understandings of the detailed structural and thermodynamic mechanism of the actual lithiation process of silicon nanoparticle systems based on atomistic simulation approaches. We found that the rearrangement of the silicon bonding network is the key mechanism of the lithiation process, and that it is less frequently broken by lithiation in the smaller sizes of silicon nanoparticles. The decreased lithiation ability of the silicon nanoparticles results in the lithiation potential being significantly lower than that of crystalline silicon phases, which impedes the full usage of the theoretical maximum capacity. Thus, nanosized slicon could have a negative effect on performance if they become too fine-sized. These findings provide a detailed view of the electrochemical lithiation process of silicon nanoparticles and engineering guidelines for designing new silicon-based nanostructured materials for the anode of high capacity lithium ion batteries.

Towards 3D Printed Batteries: A Comparative Study between Electrode Fabrication Processes

The constant trend in the miniaturization of electronic devices has recently created a demand for more compact but also higher energy density freeform energy storage devices. Current battery production processes are not capable to adapt to the unconventional configurations that the new applications, such as biomedical sensors or micro-electro-mechanical systems, needs to develop.In this scenario, 3D printing, have attracted significant attention due to the almost unlimited form factors and new architectures achievable, which could increase both energy density and power output of the batteries [1–4].During the last years, a substantial effort has been done to push forward the application of additive manufacturing for energy storage devices, achieving some impressive advances[5]. However, up to date, there is no systematic study about the performance changes of the electrode materials when we move from traditional techniques to additive manufacturing.In this work we aim to address these differences correlating the electrochemical performance with the inner arrangement of the material and resistances/limitations that arouse in each type of electrode.The selected fabrication techniques were ranging from standard methods such as slurry casting or vacuum filtration, to novel 3D printing techniques as direct ink writing and aerosol jet printing. The active material selected was a mixture of LTO with carbon nanotubes which rheological properties could be easily adapted to our fabrication techniques without changing the ink formulation. The electrodes were analyzed by galvanostatic charge discharge cycling, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in half cell configuration as well as by electron microscopy.It was found that while common fabrication techniques tend to form segregated networks[6] in the in-plane direction, 3D printing techniques introduce differences in the network arrangement. The performance differences were evaluated by their rate response, which were fitted to quantitatively analyze the relationship between rate and conductivity[7]. Furthermore, it was also shown that despite that the 3D fabricated electrodes display lower performance in planar shapes, they can be engineered to take advantage of their fabrication flexibility. Reference s : [1] J. Hu, Y. Jiang, S. Cui, Y. Duan, T. Liu, H. Guo, L. Lin, Y. Lin, J. Zheng, K. Amine, F. Pan, 3D-Printed Cathodes of LiMn1−xFexPO4 Nanocrystals Achieve Both Ultrahigh Rate and High Capacity for Advanced Lithium-Ion Battery, Adv. Energy Mater. 6 (2016) 1–8. doi:10.1002/aenm.201600856.[2] H. Ragones, S. Menkin, Y. Kamir, A. Gladkikh, T. Mukra, G. Kosa, D. Golodnitsky, Towards smart free form-factor 3D printable batteries, Sustain. Energy Fuels. 2 (2018) 1542–1549. doi:10.1039/c8se00122g.[3] C. Zhu, T. Liu, F. Qian, W. Chen, S. Chandrasekaran, B. Yao, Y. Song, E.B. Duoss, J.D. Kuntz, C.M. Spadaccini, M.A. Worsley, Y. Li, 3D printed functional nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage, Nano Today. 15 (2017) 107–120. doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2017.06.007.[4] M.S. Saleh, J. Li, J. Park, R. Panat, 3D printed hierarchically-porous microlattice electrode materials for exceptionally high specific capacity and areal capacity lithium ion batteries, Addit. Manuf. 23 (2018) 70–78. doi:10.1016/j.addma.2018.07.006.[5] X.C. Tian, J. Jin, S.Q. Yuan, C.K. Chua, S.B. Tor, K. Zhou, Emerging 3D-Printed Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices: A Critical Review, Adv. Energy Mater. 7 (2017) 17. doi:10.1002/aenm.201700127.[6] S.-H. Park, P.J. King, R. Tian, C.S. Boland, J. Coelho, C. Zhang, P. McBean, N. McEvoy, M.P. Kremer, D. Daly, J.N. Coleman, V. Nicolosi, High areal capacity battery electrodes enabled by segregated nanotube networks, Nat. Energy. 4 (2019) 560–567. doi:10.1038/s41560-019-0398-y.[7] R. Tian, N. Alcala, S.J. O’Neill, D. Horvath, J. Coelho, A. Griffin, Y. Zhang, V. Nicolosi, C. O’Dwyer, J.N. Coleman, Quantifying the effect of electronic conductivity on the rate-performance of nanocomposite battery electrodes, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. (2020). doi:10.1021/acsaem.0c00034.

High Capacity Li-Excess Vanadium Oxides for Positive Electrode Materials

Further demand for higher energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is growing, especially for the development of electric vehicles to reduce dependence on fossil fuel. Although Co/Ni ions are used as positive electrode materials, its depletion of material resources is an emerging problem. Among electrode materials with 3d transition metal ions, LiVO2 with a layered rocksalt structure (s.g. R-3m) is known to be electrochemical inactive, associated with phase transition during charge. Nevertheless, our group has reported Li-excess Li3NbO4–LiVO2 binary oxides, and Li1.25Nb0.25V0.5O2 on this binary system with a cation disordered rocksalt structure delivers a large reversible capacity of 250 mA h g-1 with two-electron redox of V3+/V5+ at room temperature. (1) In this study. Instead of Li3NbO4, Li2TiO3–LiVO2 binary oxides are targeted as potential high capacity positive electrode materials. We also discuss the possibility of high capacity and long cycle life batteries without Co/Ni ions in the future. Li2TiO3–LiVO2 binary oxides were prepared by conventional calcination method from stoichiometric amounts of Li2CO3, anatase type TiO2, and V2O3. The precursors were mixed by wet ball milling and dried in air, and then calcined at 900 oC for 12 h in argon atmosphere. Thus obtained oxides were mechanically milled at 600 rpm for 36 h to prepare nanosized oxides. All of synthesized samples were stored in an argon filled glovebox to prevent the contact with oxygen and water. Electrode performance of the oxides was examined after reducing particle sizes by ball milling with 10 wt% acetylene black. Crystal structures and electrochemical properties of the oxides were studied by X-ray/neutron diffraction and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurement in two-electrode cells. XRD patterns and SEM images of LiVO2 (x = 0) and Li8/7Ti2/7V4/7O2 (x = 0.33) in the binary system x Li2TiO3–(1 – x) LiVO2 before and after mechanical milling are shown in Fig. 1. As-prepared LiVO2 and Li8/7Ti2/7V4/7O2 crystallized into the layered rocksalt structure (with partial cation disordering for Li8/7Ti2/7V4/7O2) change into nanosized and cation-disordered rocksalt structure (s.g. Fm-3m) after mechanical milling. The mechanical milled samples consist of nanosized, less than 10 nm, and low crystallinity oxides, which are agglomerated for each other, forming (sub-)micrometer-sized secondary particles. Discharge capacities of LiVO2 and Li8/7Ti2/7V4/7O2 obtained by galvanostatic charge/discharge are plotted in Fig. 2. LiVO2 after mixing with carbon by milling delivers a reversible capacity of 150 mA h g-1 in the Li cell, and a much higher reversible capacity of 270 mA h g-1 is observed for Li8/7Ti2/7V4/7O2. XAS study reveals reversible two-electron vanadium redox reaction (V3+/V5+) is activated for Li8/7Ti2/7V4/7O2. Moreover, the nanosized and rocksalt sample prepared by mechanical milling delivers over 300 mA h g-1 even though capacity deterioration is non-negligible in the Li cell with 1 M LiPF6 used as electrolyte. Nevertheless, electrode reversibility is significantly improved for the Li cell with the concentrated electrolyte, LiFSA:DMC = 1:1.1 in a molar ratio,(2) and excellent capacity retention is achieved for continuous 100 cycle test. From these results, we further discuss the origin of excellent capacity retention as electrode materials and possibility of high capacity LIBs with V3+/V5+ two-electron redox in the future.Reference(1) M. Nakajima and N. Yabuuchi, Chem. Mater., 29, 6927 (2017).(2) A. Yamada, et al, Nat. Commun, 7, 12032 (2016). Figure 1

Analysis of Scale-up Parameters in 3D Silicon-Nanowire Lithium-Battery Anodes

New, higher-capacity materials are required in order to address the growing need for batteries with greater energy density and longer cycle life for modern applications. We present here a study of silicon-nanowires (SiNWs) anodes, synthesized via a novel, catalysts free and scalable chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on stainless-steel mesh[1]. Our study is focused on the adaptation of the SiNWs anode in various large-scale configurations. Our research efforts have resulted in the successful scale-up of the silicon anode from Si/Li half-cells with areal capacity of 14mAh/cm2, to coin cells with commercial cathodes, industrial 1/3AAA cells and eventually multilayered pouch cells. Testing of the anodes in industrial cells demonstrated the applicability of these anodes in commercial lithium-ion batteries that can run for hundreds of cycles, withstanding fast charge and discharge and subzero temperatures. An all-solid Si/polymer electrolyte/NCA cell was also demonstrated as a proof of concept (POC). We assign the major degradation mechanism of the SiNWs anodes to the growth of the primary and secondary SEI thickness and impedance during cycling. We found that the depth of lithiation/delithiation and the voltage profile of the cell significantly affect cell's stability[2].Figure 1- a) SiNWs anode grown on SS mesh, b) cycle life of 1Ah pouch cell with a 5.5mgSi/cm2 anode References[1] N. Harpak, G. Davidi, D. Schneier, S. Menkin, E. Mados, D. Golodnitsky, E. Peled, F. Patolsky, Large-Scale Self-Catalyzed Spongelike Silicon Nano-Network-Based 3D Anodes for High-Capacity Lithium-Ion Batteries, Nano Lett. (2019) acs.nanolett.8b05127. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05127.[2] D. Schneier, N. Harpak, S. Menkin, G. Davidi, M. Goor, E. Mados, G. Ardel, F. Patolsky, D. Golodnitsky, E. Peled, Analysis of Scale-up Parameters in 3D Silicon-Nanowire Lithium-Battery Anodes Analysis of Scale-up Parameters in 3D Silicon-Nanowire Lithium- Battery Anodes, (2020). doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ab6f5a. Figure 1

WITHDRAWN: A novel design on high-capacity lithium-ion batteries prepared using advanced material: Leonite series

Abstract A simple, scalable chemical battery was developed for the production of optimized battery and thermal recycling of energy. The first double chipset architecture in the industry to optimize the Running cost and power consumption by Lithium –ion batteries cycled at a maximum present level of 55 AMP, a particular Max Pulse Discharge Currentof 15 A (

Synthesis of layered silicon-graphene hetero-structures by wet jet milling for high capacity anodes in Li-ion batteries

While silicon-based negative electrode materials have been extensively studied, to develop high capacity lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), implementing a large-scale production method that can be easily transferred to industry, has been a crucial challenge. Here, a scalable wet-jet milling method was developed to prepare a silicon-graphene hybrid material to be used as negative electrode in LIBs. This synthesized composite, when used as an anode in lithium cells, demonstrated high Li ion storage capacity, long cycling stability and high-rate capability. In particular, the electrode exhibited a reversible discharge capacity exceeding 1763 mAh g−1 after 450 cycles with a capacity retention of 98% and a coulombic efficiency of 99.85% (with a current density of 358 mA g−1). This significantly supersedes the performance of a Si-dominant electrode structures. The capacity fade rate after 450 cycles was only 0.005% per cycle in the 0.05–1 V range. This superior electrochemical performance is ascribed to the highly layered, silicon-graphene porous structure, as investigated via focused ion beam in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy tomography. The hybrid electrode could retain 89% of its porosity (under a current density of 358 mA g−1) after 200 cycles compared with only 35% in a Si-dominant electrode. Moreover, this morphology can not only accommodate the large volume strains from active silicon particles, but also maintains robust electrical connectivity. This confers faster transportation of electrons and ions with significant permeation of electrolyte within the electrode. Physicochemical characterisations were performed to further correlate the electrochemical performance with the microstructural dynamics. The excellent performance of the hybrid material along with the scalability of the synthesizing process is a step forward to realize high capacity/energy density LIBs for multiple device applications.

Fe2O3–TeO2–MoO3 semiconductor glass-ceramics as anode materials for high specific capacity lithium ion batteries

Oxide glasses have been proven to be used as lithium storage materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its special structural advantages. Although it is found that some glass materials have stable cycling performance, its capacity is still relatively low compared to the crystalline materials. In this work, a certain amount of Fe2O3 was added in TeO2–MoO3 (MT) in the glass preparation stage and Fe2O3–TeO2–MoO3 glass-ceramics can be obtained. Fe2O3 nanocrystals are uniformly dispersed in MT glass, which exhibit higher specific capacity and ionic conductivity when used as anode in LIBs. Ex-situ X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to analyze the reaction mechanism of the glass-ceramics. Fe2O3 nanocrystals provide more active sites for the insertion of Li+, so that the capacity can be improved. Secondly, Fe2O3 nanocrystals and Fe3+ and Fe2+ in the amorphous matrix together improve the electronic conductivity of the material.