Highest Benefit Cost Ratio Research Articles

Assessment of Capsicum (Capsicum annuum) Varietal Performance in Natural Ventilation Polyhouse Settings

An experiment entitled, "Assessment of Capsicum (Capsicum annuum) Varietal Performance in Natural Ventilation Polyhouse Settings." was conducted at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, during the year 2022-23. Ten Capsicum Varieties, Names Sweet Pepper Nemalite, Sweet Pepper Cebrail, Sweet Pepper Bungi. Capsicum Varun, Sweet Pepper Volante, Shehzadi. Alpine 8510, Alpine 8248, Capsicum Orange and Capsicum IMP were evaluated at SHUATS, Prayagraj in randomized block design with three replications during winter season 2022-23 to evaluate best performing variety in terms of growth, yield and quality. The Sweet Pepper Volante was found maximum performance with the maximum fruit weight (154.20g), Fruit length (8.83cm), Fruit yield per plant (1.47 kg), Fruit yield (17.72 q/200 sq. m.). Sweet Pepper Volante was found superior based on overall performance in term of growth, yield and quality and highest cost benefit ratio (2.79) was found for capsicum in Sweet Pepper Volante variety under naturally ventilated polyhouse condition.

Management of Fruit and Shoot Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) in Brinjal through Sequential Application of Selected Insecticides and Biorationals

Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), commonly known as brinjal shoot and fruit borer is a dreaded pest in India. The bio efficacy of insecticides and biorationals has been test verified in managing fruit and shoot borer through logical sequential schedules. The results of the present field experiment conducted during Summer 2023 in Agricultural and Horticultural research Station (AHRS), Bavikere revealed the most effective insecticidal schedule among the tested sequences. The sequence containing Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.3 ml/L - Spinosad 45 SC @ 0.4 ml/L - Lufenuron 5 EC @ 1.0 ml/L - Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki @ 2.0 g/L demonstrated remarkable success in reducing the damage caused by L. orbonalis along with economic viability and high cost-benefit ratio.

Management of Early Blight of Tomato (Alternaria solani) through Application of Plant Extracts and Fungicides

In the present work, plant extracts and fungicides were evaluated for an effective management of early blight of tomato caused by Alternaria solani under in vitro and in vivo condition and determine yield losses and cost benefit ratio. The present investigations revealed that Hexaconazole and Azoxystrobin were most effective it produced 100.0 per cent mycelia growth inhibition, whereas minimum mycelia growth was recorded in Difenoconazole (1.89 mm) and Trifloxystrobin + Tebuconazole (4.0 mm). Calotropis gigantea extract @ 20 per cent was found best as it produced 77.0 per cent mycelia growth inhibition of Alternaria solani followed by Azadirachta indica (74.26%).The effect of foliar spray of Calotropis gigantea @ 20.0 per cent was found the best for managing early blight of tomato in field condition as minimum disease intensity (39.83%) and highest yield (15.25 t/ha) was recorded with highest benefit cost ratio (1.62). The minimum disease intensity (15.43%), highest yield (22.40 t/ha) and highest benefit cost ratio (2.75) was recorded in Hexaconazole @ 0.1 per cent followed by Azoxystrobin @ 0.1 per cent.

The Manual, Chemical, Cultural, and Integrated Weed Management in Soybean Production

A field experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, from December 2021 to April 2022 to study the effect of weed management practices in soybean (Glycine max L.). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized three-Complete Block Design (RCBD) with twelve weed management treatments- no weeding (Control), two hand weeding (at 15 and 30 DAS), pre-emergence herbicide (Herbilin 33% EC @ 400 ml ha-1), post-emergence herbicide Irish EC @ 1200 ml ha-1, pre + post-emergence herbicide, pre-emergence + 1 hand weeding {40 days after sowing (DAS)}, post-emergence herbicide + 1 hand weeding (40 DAS), pre + post-emergence herbicide + 1 hand weeding(40 DAS), straw mulching, intercrop with Amaranthus dubius, and Zea mays, and weed-free. The experimental result showed among seven different weed species found, Cyperus rotundus was the most prevalent weed, with the highest weed density (123 and 128.67 m-2) and relative weed emergence (43.16 and 38.79 %) in the control plot at 30 and 60 DAS. The treatment pre + post-emergence herbicide + 1 hand weeding (40 DAS) showed the longest pod length (4.16 cm) and number of seeds pod-1 (3.89). The weed-free treatment resulted in the highest 1000-seed weight (111.00 g), seed yield (1.86 t ha-1), stover yield (2.16 t ha-1), biological yield (4.03t ha-1), and harvest index (46.35 %). However, the highest benefit-cost ratio (2.85) was obtained under post-emergence herbicide (Irish EC) treatment. Therefore, applying Irish EC was the best broad-spectrum effective herbicide to manage the various weed floras in soybeans for profit. SAARC J. Agric., 21(2): 195-206 (2023)

Pomological traits and profitability of selected velvet apple germplasm

The research was accomplished during February to August, 2021 at Germplasm Center (GC), Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU) and farmers’ homesteads in Patuakhali district to find out different characteristics, fruit yield and profitability of four velvet apple germplasm. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Results manifested that there were significant variations among the germplasm, where local red germplasm exhibited the highest plant height (5.54 m), plant diameter (16.23 cm), number of main branches (12.75), length of the largest branch (3.89 m), plant canopy (8.80 m2), leaf area (135.24 cm2) but those traits were minimum in PSTU Bilati gab-2. PSTU Bilati gab-2 emerged floral bud for the longest duration (32.25 days). The measured length of inflorescence before first flowering varied from 5.03 – 6.60 cm where it required 24 – 28.25 days for development. A range of flowers per inflorescence (7.75 – 11) and duration of flowering (46.5 – 59.25 days) were observed in all the studied germplasm. The percentage of fruit set (18.28 – 30.81) per plant with individual fruit weight 126.70 to 202.43 g. The highest pulp weight (103.85 g) was obtained from PSTU Bilati gab-2 and the lowest (69.25 g) from local yellow germplasm. PSTU Bilati gab-2 was completely seedless. So, it contained the highest edible portion (81.92%). The highest fruit yield (3.5 t/ha) was recorded in PSTU Bilati gab-1 but maximum net profit (251160 Tk/ha) was obtained from PSTU Bilati gab-2 with the highest benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 3.81. Considering percent fruit set, percent edible portion, fruit yield and profitability, PSTU Bilati gab-2 was found to be the best among the four germplasm. Bangladesh J. Agri. 2023, 48(2): 1-12

Integrated Effect of Organic Amendments and Chemical Fertilizers on yield of Groundnut and Soil Health Under Rainfed Condition

Although inorganic fertilizers increase the growth of crops, but their toxicity is the main concern due to their over utilization. To tackle this problem, the integrated application of organic amendment especially vermicompost, with NPK fertilizers would be a good choice. For this, the integrated effect of organic amendments including vermicompost (VC) and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and chemical fertilizers (NPK) on yield of groundnut and soil health, a field trial was done at the research area of Barani Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Chakwal. The experiment was done with eight treatments in randomized complete block factorial design replicated thrice. The experimental data revealed that the treatment T8: Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) (NPK 20:80:60 Kg ha-1) + VC @ 4t ha-1 + PSB had superior effect on plant height (54.76.23%), number of plants per m2 (22.25%), number of pods per plant (61.90%), pod yield (83.25%) and haulem yield (86.02%) as compared to control. Similarly, a higher benefit cost ratio (BCR) was observed in T8 than rest of the treatments and control. Soil fertility indicators (OM, NO3-N, P and K) were improved, indicating the improvement in soil health with the combine application of VC, PSB and RDF. A combination of organic amendment, bio fertilizer, and inorganic fertilizer is necessary to optimize groundnut growth and yield attributes, as well as soil health.

Efficacy of various compatible insecticides for management of Sesame phyllody

A field experiment was conducted during 2018 at research area of AICRP on Sesame and Niger for the effective management of phyllody in sesame. The experiment comprising eight treatments ( T1- Seed treatment with Imidacloprid 17.8 SL@ 5ml/kg seed; T2- T1+ Spray of Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.25ml/l; T3- T1 + Spray of Acetamaiprid @ 0.3g/l; T4- T1 + Spray of Thiocloprid @ 1ml/l; T5- T1 + Spray of Thiomethaxam @ 0.25 g/l; T6- T1+ Spray of Lambda cyhalothrin@ 1ml/l; T7- T1 + Spray of Azadirachtin @ 0.03%;T8- Control was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. Among the eight treatments tested a positive and significant response was found with the seed treatment of imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 5 ml/kg + spray of Acetamaiprid 20% SP @0.3 g/L recorded the least disease incidence (7.05 per cent) and maximum seed yield (5.21 q/ha). The results on benefit cost ratio revealed that highest benefit cost ratio was recorded in treatment T3 (4.39). All the treatments are superior over the control.

Measurement of multidimensional reconstruction fund planning on the effectiveness of urban post-disaster recovery and reconstruction using indirect economic impact

An increasing number of record-breaking extreme precipitation events worldwide has had an incalculable socioeconomic impact, challenging the ability of cities to recover and reconstruct after disasters. The key to the effectiveness of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction lies in the rational investment and allocation of reconstruction funds. However, few studies have examined the effectiveness of reconstruction fund planning in improving urban recovery and reconstruction from a post-disaster indirect economic loss assessment perspective. This study uses an improved input-output model to evaluate the degree of change in indirect economic losses under multidimensional reconstruction fund planning (funds' amount, the time efficiency of investment, and funds allocation) to measure the effectiveness. We exemplify this through a case study: a record-breaking extreme urban flood and its reconstruction planning occurred in Henan Province, China, in July 2021. The results indicate that (1) under the premise of ensuring sufficient financial input, improving the input time efficiency is a decision with a higher benefit-cost ratio, which can improve the effectiveness by 140%. (2) If funds are guaranteed, improving time efficiency is better than adding extra funds, and when both reach 80%, additional funds may not further improve the effectiveness. (3) The funds need to meet at least the recovery production needs (about 45% of direct economic losses); otherwise, the funds cannot be used to improve fortifications. The study results will provide theoretical and practical support for urban decision-makers to develop efficient and rational recovery and reconstruction programs.

Effect of Seed Rate and Sowing Method on Seed Yield of Fennel

The present study was carried out at the research field of Spices Research Sub-Centre, Faridpur during Rabi season 2018-19. The experiment was done to determine the optimum seed rate and suitable sowing method for fennel cultivation to increase seed yield and quality of fennel. The experimental field belongs to high land of Low Ganges River Floodplain (AEZ 12) with clay loam in texture having 7.6-8.1 soil pH. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (factorial) with three replications. Four different seed rates viz., 6, 8, 10 and 12 kg seed/ha and two sowing methods viz., Broadcasting and Line sowing method were evaluated. All of all yield contributing parameters (number of plants per m2, number of branches per plant, number of umbels per plant, number of umbel lets per umbel, number of seeds per umbel let and seed yield (kg/ha) showed better result where seeds were sown at 10 kg/ha with line sowing method. Most of all yield contributing characters showed minimum results where seeds were sown at 6 kg seed/ha.The highest seed yield (1569 kg/ha) was recorded from the treatment combination of 10 kg seed/ha × line sowing method with highest benefit-cost ratio (2.9). The lowest seed yield (985.8 kg/ha) was recorded from 6 kg seed/ha × Broadcasting method with lowest benefit-cost ratio (1.87).

Prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in chronic simple silicosis patients and its correlation with smoking history, occupation type, age and duration of silica exposure.

Silicosis is a preventable occupational health hazard with potential for permanent physical disability and increased socio-economic burden. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to chronic respiratory diseases signifies poorer prognosis and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) has proven its usefulness as a screening tool for PH diagnosis. The objectives were to determine PH prevalence in chronic simple silicosis patients through TTE screening and correlate PH prevalence with smoking status, occupation type, age and duration of silica exposure (DSE). We enrolled 104 patients in the study based on occupational exposure to silica dust and radiologic confirmation of chronic simple silicosis. The study sample was divided into significant smokers (SS group) and insignificant smokers (InS group) on the basis of ≥10 pack years smoking history, and into drillers and dressers based on occupation type. TTE examination was performed to measure resting mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) and the patients were classified into: no PH (mPAP≤20 mm Hg), borderline PH (mPAP>20 and <25 mmHg), and PH (mPAP≥25). PH prevalence was 25% in study subjects (26/104); 29.6% (16/54) among SS group versus 20% (10/50) among InS group (.52) ; and 34.2% (14/41) among drillers versus 19.1% (12/63) among dressers (p=.024). Mean age and mean duration of silica exposure among SS and InS groups were comparatively similar, while they had lower values among dressers against dressers with no statistical significance. Logistic regression analysis established a significant association of PH prevalence with higher age in the study sample, SS group and drillers group, while a significant association of PH prevalence with longer DSE was only seen in the study sample. PH prevalence was significantly associated (p=.007) with SS-driller group on comparing TTE findings with combined smoking and occupation type based groups. This study has shown PH prevalence in chronic simple silicosis patients at alarming levels, having associations with driller occupation, older age and longer DSE with varying results among groups and complex interplay with smoking exposure, suggesting the need for large sample-based molecular and genetic studies. Including TTE in the initial work-up of silicosis patients will promote timely intervention and reduce morbidity and mortality with a high benefit-cost ratio.

Efficacy of Targeted Insecticides against Major Insect Pests of Phalsa (Grewia asiatica Linn.)

A two-year field experiment were conducted in a phalsa orchard situated at the Regional Horticulture Research Station (RHRS), Raya, District-Samba to study the efficacy of selected insecticides against major insect pests of phalsa. During the experiment, seven treatments were taken which were replicated thrice in the randomized block design. The insecticides were sprayed at the peak or ETL level of the insect problem population, insect population was noted one day before the spraying and three and ten days after the spraying. Five randomly chosen plants were subjected to pre- and post-treatment of herbicides, and insect counts was taken. Further, ten days after a second spray, 100 randomly selected fruits from each plant were examined to figure out the amount of fruits that were injured overall. Fruit damage (%) was then computed. The yield was calculated by employing the net plot area method, and the yield and cost of plant protection were utilized to calculate the monetary benefits and incremental cost-benefit ratios of the treatments. The application of imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.3 ml/L was found to be the most effective method for suppressing aphids, with Fipronil 5 SC @ 1.0 ml/L, Chlorpyriphos 20 EC, and control following suit. Additionally, plots treated with imidacloprid had the highest cost-benefit ratio, followed by treatments with Fipronil and dichlorvos Therefore, in Jammu's subtropical climate, applying imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.3 ml/L is the most efficient way to control insect pests and increase phalsa yield.

Effect of Mulch or without Mulch on Growth, Yield, Quality and Economics of Different Intercrops in Kinnow Orchard under Semi-arid Irrigated Conditions

The present investigation was carried out with the objective to find best suited intercrop for bearing kinnow orchard at village Balsamand of district Hisar during the years 2020 and 2021. Four vegetable crops viz. watermelon, cantaloupe, chilli, tomato and control (sole kinnow) were selected as intercrops and transplanted on silver on black mulch. In mulched plots plant height/vine length, number of fruits plant-1, average fruit weight, fruit weight plant-1 and yield (q/ha) was recorded higher than without mulched plots. No significant difference in fruit length of watermelon, cantaloupe and tomato during first year and watermelon and tomato during succeeding year was recorded in mulched plots. Mulch influenced the fruit width of watermelon during both the years. The BCR ratio was recorded higher in without mulched plots in all the crops except watermelon recorded higher BCR in mulched plots during 2021. The highest benefit cost ratio in all the crops was recorded higher in without mulched plots of watermelon, cantaloupe, chilli and tomato crop (1:5.84, 1:5.17, 1:2.99 and 1:2.71) and (1:5.01, 1:5.06, 1:2.64 and 1:2.60) during 2020 and 2021, except in watermelon crop where highest benefit cost ratio (1:5.17) was observed in watermelon crop in mulched plots during 2021.

Effects of Planting Geometry and Fertilizer Management on Light Interception, Chlorophyll Content and Productivity in Baby Corn Cultivation

A field experiment was conducted during during rabi seasons (December to March) of 2019-20 and 2020-21 to find out optimum plant spacing and fertilizer levels on yield of baby corn. Three plant spacing viz, S1=40 cm × 20 cm (1,25000 plants ha−1), S2=50 cm × 20 cm (100000 plants ha−1) and S3 =60 cm × 20 cm (83333 plants ha−1) and three fertilizer doses viz, F1 = 150- 30- 50- 25-3. 5- 1.5 kg ha−1of NPKSZnB (Recommended fertilizer dose for baby corn), F2 = F1 + 25% NPK and F3 = F1 + 50% NPK, were used as treatments. Results revealed that, planting geometry and fertilizer levels showed great influence on leaf area index (LAI), light interception, dry matter production and yield of babycorn. LAI was found the highest with the population of 125000 plants ha−1 receiving N225 P45 K75 kg ha−1.Light absorption was maximum at densely plant population with N225P45K75 kg ha−1. Response of soil-plant-analysis development (SPAD) value to planting geometry and fertilizer level was found significant. Plants grown with 40 cm × 20 cm spacing (125000 plants ha−1) with recommended ferltilizer dose + 50% N- P- K of RF gave the highest dehusked cob yield over the years (3.42 and 3.73 t ha–1) which was followed by 40cm × 20 cm (1,25,000 plants ha−1) with recommended fertilizer dose + 25% N-P-K of RF. Though S1F3 combination gave the highest gross return (Tk.333140 ha–1 in 2019-20 and Tk. 378900 ha–1 in 2020-21) but the highest benefit cost ratio over the years (3.64 and 3.83) was recorded in S1F2 treatment. The overall results indicated that 40 cm × 20 cm (1,25,000 plants ha−1) with fertilizer dose of RFD + 25% NPK (N187.5 P37.5K62.5 S25Zn3. 5B1.5 kg ha−1) might be economically profitable for baby corn production.&#x0D; Bangladesh Agron. J. 2023, 26(1): 96-103

An Evaluation of the Use of Drills and Transplanted Paddy Cultivation Techniques in Bhandara District of Maharashtra, India

In order to compare the costs, savings, and returns for the drill and transplanted methods of paddy cultivation, the current study, was conducted as a Research Review Committee Project in the Bhandara district of Nagpur division in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, India. The method utilized was an exploratory social research design. Using the purposive population sampling technique method, a total of 72 sample paddy-growing beneficiary farmers from KVK, Sakoli Dist. Bhandara were chosen, and they were interrogated using a structured interview schedule. As a result, this study was limited to a sample of 72 paddy growers who were cultivating their paddy crops using both the transplanted and drill paddy methods. Findings of present study revealed that majority of the paddy growers were young with high education level, possessed small and marginal type of land holding with annul income in the range of Rs.75001/- to 1,50,000/-, medium level of scientific orientation,economic motivation,innovativeness respectively and favourable attitude towards to drill paddy technology. Further the findings of the study revealed that the highest gross returns received to farmers adopting were Rs. 85807.50/- and 81000.80/- per ha for transplanted and drill paddy cultivation methods respectively. The highest net returns at Cost A realized by the paddy farmers adopting drill paddy method of cultivation i.e. Rs.54738.28 per hectare. The highest benefit cost ratio (BC ratio) was released by the farmers adopting drill method of paddy cultivation at Cost A, Cost B and Cost C respectively.

Fertilizer doses and mulching effect to mitigate soil salinity and maximize yield of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) in coastal region of Bangladesh

An experiment was conducted in the rabi season at Patuakhali, Bangladesh to verify the effect of different mulching materials for watermelon production under farmers field condition. The aim of this research was to test the possibility of salinity damage can be reduced by elevating potassium (K) fertilization rate on watermelon yield and nutrient uptake under salt stress condition. Four different fertilizer doses T1 = Soil Test Based (STB), T2 = STB + 50% K, T3 = Integrated Plant Nutrients System (IPNS) approach with 5 tonha-1 cowdung (CD) + 50% K and T4 = Farmers practices with many materials usedP1 = Silver color polythene mulch, P2 = Straw mulch, P3 = No mulch combination. Twenty days old seedling were used in farmers’ field. Other nutrients were also applied following STB method. Fertilizer used as the rates of N117P30K30S25 (T1), N117P30K37S25 (T2), N92P22.5K45S25 with 5 tonha-1cowdung (T3) and N100P40K35S30 (T4). All the plant growth, yield and quality characters were superior in T3 with silver polythene (31.96 tonha-1) while plants without mulch and STB method resulted poor growth and yield of 24.31 tonha-1. The higher rates of K contributed to 7- 27% increased yield over only STB dose for Patuakhali which implies the necessity of higher dose of K in salt affected soil in strengthening yield. With economic point of view, T3 (IPNS with 5 ton/ha cowdung + 50% K and silver polythene mulch) seedling reported the highest net return of 375780 Bd TK and found more economical with highest cost benefit ratio.

Effect of Nano-Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Summer Hybrid Maize (Zea mays L.) in Gangetic Plains of India

Nano fertilizer contains the nutrients in a concentrated and energy farm which would also pave the way to have a successful harvest without soil application and to reduce the ill effect on soil. In this regard, the present experiment was carried out over two years at BCKV, West Bengal, India in the Gangetic alluvial soil, to assess the impact of nano fertilizer management on growth and yield of summer hybrid maize cv. ‘Kaveri 50’. The treatments comprised different percentage of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) with or without nano fertilizer application. Results revealed that application of 50 % RDZn and 100 % N-P-K along with 2 foliar sprays of Nano-Zn @ 4 ml litre-1 at 25 and 50 DAS (T8) recorded better results of growth attributes. The yield attributes like number of cobs plant-1 (1.30), cob length (21.30 cm), cob girth (16.25 cm), number of rows cob-1 (13.97), number of grains cob-1 (317.6), seed index (25.40 g) and single cob weight (128.74 g) also found highest from the same treatment. Higher grain (8.16 t ha-1) and stover yield (12.22 t ha-1) were recorded in T8 treatment and yield variation was 2.21 to 63.86 % over control with highest benefit-cost ratio (2.35). Hence, application of 50 % RDZn and 100 % N-P-K along with 2 foliar sprays of Nano-Zn @ 4 ml litre-1 at 25 and 50 DAS could be more effective in augmenting yield, available nutrient status and economics of summer maize in the Gangetic plains of India.

Influence of organic amendments, PGPR and fermented folk liquid formulations on bell pepper in mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh state of India

Bell pepper is an important cash crop of small farmers of Himachal Pradesh state of India. The present study was carried out in two consecutive years comprising seven treatments, as T1 being 100% recommended dose of nutrients alone and T2 to T7 included 90, 80, 70, 60, 50 and 40% RDN respectively; along with PGPR and fermented folk liquid formulations (panchagavya, jeevamrut and amritpani) which were replicated thrice in randomized block design. The recommended doses were given by vermicompost and poultry manure on nitrogen equivalence basis. Results of the study concluded that the application of PGPR with 90% RDN along with fermented folk liquid formulations significantly influenced bell pepper growth, quality, and yield parameters as well as soil organic carbon and available nutrient status including soil microbiological properties over the T1. The 90% RDN with PGPR and fermented folk liquid formulation also resulted in higher benefit cost ratio in comparison to T1 with 100% RDN, alone. Hence, it may be recommended to use conjoint application of PGPR, bulky manures and fermented folk liquid formulations to boost sustainable bell pepper production, higher economic returns and maintaining soil fertility status.

Determination of suitable species combination of two small indigenous fish species (SIS) pabda (Ompok pabda) and gulsha (Mystus cavasius) with rohu (Labeo rohita) in farmers’ pond

An experiment was carried out from May to September, 2018 to determine the suitable species combination of two indigenous fish Pabda (Ompok pabda) and Gulsha (Mystus cavasius) with Rohu in farmer’s pond. Three species combinations (% of total stocking densities) Gulsha: Pabda = 60: 40 at T1, 40: 60 at T2, and 50: 50 at T3 were tested. Stocking of Rohu were similar (2964/ha) for all the treatments. Similar stocking density (200564/ha) was maintained in all the treatments. The production obtained were 7138.30±63, 6977.75±78 and 7037.03±84 kg/ha from T1, T2 and T3 respectively. The highest production was obtained from T1 compared to other treatments. A straightforward economic analysis showed that treatment T1 (BCR -1.94, net profit: Tk.12,94,576/ha/6 months) had the highest benefit-cost ratio (BCR) and net profit, subsequent to treatment T3 (BCR -1.87, net profit: Tk.12,74,685/ha/6 months) and treatment T2 (BCR-1.93, net profit: Tk.12,02,956/ha/6 months). Therefore, it might be concluded that the species combination of pabda, gulsha and rohu followed by T1 may be a better option considering the production and economic benefits to farmer’s ponds in our country. Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 10, No. 2, August 2023: 219-228

Effect of Seaweed Extracts on the Growth, Flower Yield and Quality of Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) C.V. Aditya Birla

An experiment entitled “Effect of seaweed extracts on the growth, flower yield and quality of Dahlia (Dahlia variabilis) c.v. Aditya Birla” was conducted to evaluate the response of dahlia to different growth regulators, Kelp @ 2ml and 4 ml and Biovita @ 2ml and 4 ml. Thirteen different treatment combinations were replicated thrice in a Randomized Completely Block Design. The investigation revealed that Biovita was very effective and recorded maximum days to seed germination, plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, secondary branch number. Leaf area Significant influence of growth regulators was observed on various vegetative parameters. Flower diameter, flower number, diameter and fresh weight increased Significant influence of growth regulators was observed on various foral parameters. Highest flower numbers per plant and flower yield per ha was recorded treatment T11 (4 ml L-1Biovita, 5 days interval). Treatment T11 recorded higher net realization Rs. 506700 which was followed by treatment cost of cultivation with of Rs.170500.. Furthermore, highest Cost benefit ratio was recorded under treatment T11 (1:2.97).

Variability in Chrysanthemum species (Dendranthema grandiflora) under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions

A field experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. During rabi season (2022-2023). This study aimed to evaluate different varieties of Chrysanthemum in terms of growth, yield and quality characteristics. The experiment was laid out in Randomized block design (RBD) with 15 treatments and each treatment replicated thrice. The treatments consist of different combinations of varieties. Treatment T4 (Red Baby) was statistically significant compared to other treatment combination, which recorded highest plant height (33.9 cm), No. of branches (31.8), Plant Spread (20.3cm)] , Stalk Length (22.3 cm) , Flower weight (3.8 g) , Self – life (25 days) , Vase life (7.4 days) and quality in comparison to other varieties. The highest Benefit Cost Ratio was found in variety V4 (Red Baby) with 2.32.