High Alcohol Consumption Research Articles

Impact of Nutrition on Blood Pressure and Body Mass Index of Staff of Rivers State College of Health Science and Management Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State

This study assessed the impacts of nutrition on blood pressure and body mass index of staff of Rivers State College of Health Science and Management Technology, Port Harcourt. Introduction: The nutritional status of an individual is said to be a measure of the condition of health of an individual as affected or determined by the intake of food and the utilization of nutrients. The nutritional status of an individual should be assessed at regular intervals in order to avert undesirable health problems and complications arising from malnutrition. Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive survey research design and 100 respondents’ were randomly selected and administered with pretested and validated questionnaire. The blood pressure and anthropometric measurement were taken according to standard procedures. Result The result showed that 33.0% of the Respondents’ had normal BM1, 29.0% were overweight, while 38.0% were obese. The result further revealed that BMI increased with advance in age, as 18.0% and 38.0% of the Respondents’ aged 38- 60years had incidence of overweight and obesity respectively. Blood pressure values also showed a similar trend as Respondents’ aged 38 -60 years had 33.0% of Respondents’ have high blood pressure. Correlation coefficient between BMI and income showed a very high relationship (r= 0.9), which indicates that as income increased, BMI also increased. The relationship between income and blood pressure was poor (r = 0.2). However, exercise and blood pressure had a high correlation (r = 0.7). Similarly, alcohol consumption and blood pressure showed a good relationship (r = 0.6).These findings thus reflect the need for enlightenment of the masses on healthy lifestyles through healthy eating habits, regular exercise, and reduction in alcohol consumption in order to minimize the risk of high blood pressure. Conclusion: The study concluded that most of the people with high blood pressure are those with overweight and obesity; and high earning status and high consumption of alcohol could have serious consequences on health, as alcohol is a lifestyle factor related to high blood pressure.

Electroacupuncture Therapy for Urinary Retention in an Elderly Patient.

Urinary retention is the inability to urinate voluntarily and difficulty in urinating even when the bladder is full. Acute urinary retention is most common in men aged 60-80. In the past 5 years, 10% of men older than age 70 and almost a third of men in their 80s have experienced acute urinary retention. Risk factors include prostate enlargement, increasing age, African-American race, obesity, diabetes mellitus, high alcohol consumption, and lack of physical activity. Treatment for urinary retention is mainly urethral catheterization, but it can be uncomfortable for a patient in the long term. A 68-year-old man was unable to urinate voluntarily for 3 months and was diagnosed with urinary retention caused by a hypotonic bladder and was initially given a catheter. The patient then received manual acupuncture therapy in acupoints ST-28, CV-3, CV-4 and CV-6, and electroacupuncture (EA) therapy in acupoints SP-6, SP-9, BL-23, BL-25, BL-31, BL-32, BL-33, and BL34, with a continuous-wave, at a frequency of 2 Hz. Acupuncture therapy was carried out for 12 sessions, twice per week. After 5 sessions of acupuncture therapy, the patient's urinary retention was resolved. He felt the urge to urinate and was able to urinate voluntarily even after removing the catheter, He also experienced an increase in his quality of life, as shown on an EQ-5D questionnaire with an increased score from 50 to 80. A combination of manual acupuncture and EA in an elderly patient can be a safe choice to reduce or resolve symptoms of urinary retention.

Wastewater-based Epidemiology to Investigate Spatio-Temporal Trends in Alcohol Consumption in Aotearoa, New Zealand.

Alcohol is an influential drug that has extensive societal impact. In Aotearoa New Zealand, there are a number of worrying trends related to alcohol consumption including rates of alcohol-related harm and violence and heavy episodic drinking. To understand and address these issues, alcohol consumption rates and related trends need to be understood. A wastewater-based epidemiology study was carried out over the course of six months (April-September 2021), sampling one week per month from ten catchment areas covering ~40 % of the national population. The average alcohol consumption was found to be 12.2 mL/person/day. Temporal and geographical trends in alcohol consumption were found; there was higher alcohol consumption on the weekends compared to weekdays, alcohol consumption was inversely related to settlement size, there was increased alcohol consumption due to public holidays and alcohol consumption was not seen to increase during COVID restrictions, however there was a notable change in the weekly trend during lockdowns. This application of alcohol WBE to Aotearoa New Zealand represents a comprehensive national study to understand alcohol consumption and its influences. The knowledge obtained will allow appropriate services and public policies to be reviewed to best serve communities.

Interactions between the metabolic syndrome and alcohol consumption increases the risk of liver disease.

Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD, recently renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease [MASLD]) share many features, including certain pathophysiological mechanisms, susceptibility genes, and histological lesions. However, the natural history of the two diseases, studied separately, is significantly different, with ALD being associated with a higher risk of cirrhosis and liver-related mortality. Moreover, evidence suggests an interactive effect between ALD and metabolic risk factors that are associated with NAFLD on the risk of progressive fibrosis and development of cirrhosis. Patients with both a high consumption of alcohol and metabolic risk factors, such as obesity or diabetes, should therefore be considered a particularly high-risk group for cirrhosis. Additional studies regarding the efficacy of screening for advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis in these risk groups are needed. The most effective and established method for reducing the risk of progression in ALD is alcohol abstinence, whereas weight loss is effective in NAFLD. In this narrative review, we introduce the reader to the literature of the field and present key studies showing this interactive effect.

The global gastric cancer consortium: an update from the Stomach cancer Pooling (StoP) project.

We updated to December 2023 the main findings of the stomach cancer pooling (StoP) project including about 13 000 cases and 31 000 controls from 29 case-control and 5 nested studies. The StoP project quantified more precisely than previously available the positive associations of tobacco smoking, high alcohol consumption, meat intake, selected occupations (e.g. agricultural and miners), gastric ulcer and family history with gastric cancer and the inverse associations with socioeconomic status and selected aspects of diet (fruits, including citrus fruits, vegetables, including allium and mushrooms, and polyphenols). No consistent associations were found with coffee, yoghurt and leisure-time physical activity, metformin or proton pump inhibitors use.

Adiposity associates with lower plasma resolvin E1 (Rve1): a population study

BackgroundInadequate inflammation resolution may contribute to persistent low-grade inflammation that accompanies many chronic conditions. Resolution of inflammation is an active process driven by Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPM) that derive from long chain n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. This study examined plasma SPM in relation to sex differences, lifestyle and a broad range cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in 978, 27-year olds from the Australian Raine Study.MethodsPlasma SPM pathway intermediates (18-HEPE, 17-HDHA and 14-HDHA), and SPM (E- and D-series resolvins, PD1, MaR1) and LTB4 were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMSMS). Pearson correlations and multiple regression analyses assessed relationships between SPM and CVD risk factors. Unpaired t-tests or ANOVA assessed the effect of sex, smoking, unhealthy alcohol consumption and obesity on SPM.ResultsWomen had higher 17-HDHA (p = 0.01) and lower RvE1 (p < 0.0001) and RvD1 (p = 0.05) levels compared with men. In univariate analysis, obesity associated with lower RvE1 (p = 0.002), whereas smoking (p < 0.001) and higher alcohol consumption (p < 0.001) associated with increased RvE1. In multiple regression analysis, plasma RvE1 was negatively associated with a range of measures of adiposity including BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, abdominal subcutaneous fat volume, and skinfold thicknesses in both men and women.ConclusionThis population study suggests that a deficiency in plasma RvE1 may occur in response to increasing adiposity. This observation could be relevant to ongoing inflammation that associates with CVD and other chronic diseases.

Stability in health behavior patterns in middle adulthood: a 19-year follow-up study

Objective: This study investigated subgroups of adults with particular health behavior patterns, their stability over 19 years, and the role of sociodemographic and personality characteristics in these. Methods and Measures: Data on smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity were collected at ages 42, 50, and 61 in the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (n = 205–302). Latent class, latent transition, and logistic regression analyses were used. Results: Four similar classes of health behaviors were identified at each age. A class named low alcohol consumption (AC)–high physical activity (PA) included individuals with the lowest levels of alcohol consumption and the highest levels of physical activity, and a class named high AC–low PA vice versa. Classes between these extremes of alcohol consumption and physical activity levels were nonsmokers with the lowest proportion of smokers, and smokers vice versa. Although transitions emerged, class memberships were relatively stable. Women, those who were married, held a degree, had higher occupational status, and certain personality traits at age 42 were more likely to belong continuously to healthier classes compared to a stable membership in high AC–low PA. Conclusion: Health behaviors exist in patterns, are relatively stable across adulthood, and associated with sociodemographic and personality characteristics.

TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY OR HIP HEMIARTHROPLASTY: WHAT IS THE CORRECT CHOICE IN ALCOHOLICS AGED 40 TO 65 YEARS?

NICE Guidelines suggest patients should be offered a Total Hip Replacement (THR) rather than Hemiarthroplasty for a displaced intracapsular hip fracture. We investigated outcomes of patients aged 40–65 who received a THR or Hemiarthroplasty following a traumatic intracapsular hip fracture and had either high-risk (Group 1) or low-risk (Group 2) alcohol consumption (&gt;14 or &lt;14 units/week respectively).This was a retrospective study (April 2008 – December 2018) evaluating patients who underwent THR or Hemiarthroplasty in Greater Glasgow and Clyde. Atraumatic injuries, acetabular fractures, patients with previous procedures on the affected side and those lost to follow up were excluded. Analysis of length of admission, dislocation risk, periprosthetic fractures, infection risk, and mortality was conducted between both cohorts.Survival time post-operatively of Group 1 patients with a THR (61.9 months) and Hemiarthroplasty (42.3 months) were comparable to Group 2 patients with a THR (59 months) and Hemiarthroplasty(42.4 months). Group 1 patients with THR had increased risk of dislocation (12.9%; p=0.04) compared to those that received Hemiarthroplasty (2.5%). Group 1 Hemiarthroplasty patients had increased wound infection risk (11.6%) compared to Group 2 (3.7%).In conclusion, we found that amongst our population the life expectancy of a post-operative patient was short irrespective of whether they had high or low-risk alcohol consumption. A hip fracture may represent increased frailty in our study population. The Group 1 THR cohort presented a higher risk of hip dislocation and periprosthetic fracture. With this in mind, Hemiarthroplasty is a more cost-effective and shorter operation which produces similar results.

Impact of the Habit of Alcohol Consumption on the Success of the Implants: A Retrospective Study

ABSTRACT Introduction: A recent study has demonstrated that social factors have an impact on the condition of dental implants. The present investigation investigated how varied alcohol intake quantities might alter the condition of dental implants and related peri-implant inflammation. Materials and Methods: This retrospective research was piloted in a tertiary care center, and implants inserted between 2010 and 2022 were evaluated through a retrospective cohort analysis. Within 3 months following implant implantation, information on alcohol intake was gathered from the health maintenance records and employed as the predictor variable. The implant results as well as peri-implantitis were examined at follow-up visits. Using the logistic regression model, the Wald test analysis analyzed the statistical consequences of each parameter. The findings were translated using an odds ratio that was determined with a 95% confidence level. The data were generated and analyzed using descriptive statistics, with statistical significance defined as P &lt; 0.05. Results: At the time of implant placement, the enrolled patients were 59 ± 11.3 years old on average. The median time before peri-implantitis occurred was 31.3 ± 22.2 months. Within the first 2 years following implant implantation, the majority of people experienced peri-implantitis. The incidence of peri-implantitis was the lowest among light and moderate alcoholics (11.5%) and the highest among heavy alcoholics (46.2%). Moderate alcohol use was associated with a 79.1% decrease in peri-implantitis when compared to not drinking (P = 0.0365), whereas light alcohol consumption was connected to a 51.3% decrease (P = 0.026). The incidence of peri-implantitis among heavy drinkers was significantly significant (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: According to the findings of the current retrospective cohort analysis, drinking alcohol at mild-to-moderate levels is connected to a reduction in the incidence rate of peri-implantitis compared to heavy drinkers. In contrast, high alcohol consumption was found to be associated with an increase in the prevalence of peri-implantitis among the participants who had dental implants.

Risk factors for ischemic stroke in patients over 45 years hospitalized at Herminda Martín Hospital in Chillán: A case-control study

To identify the risk factors associated with the first cerebral infarction in patients hospitalized at the Herminda Martín Hospital. Hospital-based case-control study conducted at Herminda Martín Hospital. We selected 89 incident cases of stroke and 178 controls matched by age and sex. The risk factors studied were the presence of hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, overweight, tobacco consumption, secondhand tobacco exposure, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle in leisure time, non-attendance at health controls and low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression and attributable risk was determined in exposed and at population levels. 69% were male, mean age was 71.8+13.9 years. A significant association was observed between alcohol consumption (OR 1.98 CI95%1.07-3.64) and the probability of occurrence of a first cerebral infarction. For every 100 people in the study population, 19 cases of stroke are avoided (PAF 0.19, 95% CI 0.09-0.27) if systolic blood pressure (SBP) is maintained below 140 mmHg and 28 cases (PAF 0.28 95%CI 0.009-0.27) if alcohol consumption is eliminated. High blood pressure and alcohol consumption are modifiable risk factors through public and individual policies, which, together with a strengthening of the health system, are necessary to generate a primary prevention plan for stroke.

Associations of carotid atherosclerosis with cognitive function and brain health: Findings from a UK tri-ethnic cohort study (Southall and Brent Revisited)

BackgroundCognitive function has an important role in determining the quality of life of older adults. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is common in older people and may compromise cognitive performance; however, the extent to which this is related to carotid atherosclerosis is unclear. AimWe investigated associations between carotid atherosclerosis and cognitive function and neuroimaging markers of brain health in a UK multi-ethnic community-based sample including older people of European, South Asian, and African-Caribbean ethnicity. MethodsCarotid plaques and intima-media thickness (cIMT) were assessed using ultrasound in 985 people (mean age 73.2y, 56 % male). Associations of carotid atherosclerosis with cognitive function (memory, executive function, language and CSI-D, a global measure of cognitive state) and neuroimaging measures (total brain volume, hippocampal volume, white matter (WM) lesion volume and coalescence score) were analysed using regression analyses, with and without adjustment for potential confounders using two models: 1) adjustment for age, sex, and ethnicity; 2) model 1 plus education, physical activity category, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, atrial fibrillation, smoking, previous CVD, alcohol consumption, and presence of chronic kidney disease. ResultsPeople with carotid plaque or higher cIMT had lower CSI-D score, poorer memory poorer executive function and higher WM lesion volume and coalescence. Language was poorer in people with plaque but was not correlated with cIMT. Associations with plaque were preserved after full adjustment (model 2) but relationships for cIMT were attenuated. Associations with other plaque characteristics were generally unconvincing after adjustment. ConclusionsThis multi-ethnic cohort study provides evidence that presence of carotid plaque, is associated with poorer cognitive function and brain health.

Clustering of risk behaviours and associations between risk behaviours and cardio-metabolic risk factors in adult individuals with type 1 diabetes

AimsTo assess clustering of risk behaviours and their health determinants. MethodsCross-sectional health behaviour and health data were collected from individuals with type 1 diabetes, in the FinnDiane Study. Clustering of risk behaviours was assessed and associations between behaviours and health variables were investigated. ResultsData were available from 956 participants (40 % men, mean age 46 years). Altogether, 4.3 % individuals reported no risk behaviours, while 25.7 %, 37.4 %, 24.7 %, 6.8 %, and 1.0 % reported 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 risk behaviours, respectively. Reporting ≥4 risk behaviours occurred more frequently than expected by chance. Dietary non-adherence was most frequently reported (84.4 %), followed by low LTPA (54.4 %), poor sleep (41.9 %), high alcohol consumption (15.2 %), and smoking (11.2 %). Adjusted for confounders, relative to ≤1 risk behaviour, reporting ≥2 risk behaviours was associated with higher BMI, waist circumference, and diastolic blood pressure. Having ≥3 risk behaviours was associated with larger waist-hip ratio, and higher HbA1c and triglyceride concentration; ≥4 risk behaviours was associated with higher cholesterol concentration. Of the health behaviours, low LTPA had the highest number of deleterious health associations. ConclusionsAccumulation of risk behaviors increases negative health outcomes. Exhibiting ≥2 risk behaviours or low LTPA was associated with multiple adverse outcomes.

ASSOCIATION OF SMOKING AND PROSTATE CANCER : A 10 YEARS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death among males, with an estimated 1.4 million new cases and 375 000 deaths worldwide in 2020, accounting for 7.3 and 3.8 of all cancers diagnosed, respectively. Various endogenous and exogenous risk factors for PCa have been discussed for decades. Several factors have been identified to be associated with an increased risk of PCa, for instance, family history, elevated hormone levels, black ethnicity, and high alcohol consumption. The aim: This study aims to show about association of smoking and prostate cancer. Methods: By comparing itself to the standards set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. So, the experts were able to make sure that the study was as up-to-date as it was possible to be. For this search approach, publications that came out between 2014 and 2024 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed and SagePub, were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done. Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 30 articles, whereas the results of our search on SagePub brought up 55 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2014 yielded a total 13 articles for PubMed and 23 articles for SagePub. The result from title screening, a total 10 articles for PubMed and 15 articles for SagePub. In the end, we compiled a total of 10 papers. We included five research that met the criteria. Conclusion: Regarding smoking, burning tobacco and inhaling the smoke is considered a significant risk factor or direct cause of cancer, tumor lesions, and a well-known chemical carcinogen.

Association between polyunsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissue and mortality of colorectal cancer patients

IntroductionNutritional intake and dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism play a role in the progression of various tumors, but the consumption of fatty acids is difficult to assess accurately with dietary questionnaires. Biomarkers can objectively assess intake, storage and bioavailability. ObjectiveWe studied the association between the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (good indicator of dietary intake over 2–3 years) and all-cause mortality. MethodsIn the multicenter AGARIC study, samples from 203 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) undergoing curative surgery, were harvested from subcutaneous adipose tissue, which were then analyzed for PUFA composition. ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 45 months, 76 patients died. These patients were more often men (72.4% versus 57.5%, P = 0.04), diabetic (32.9% versus 13.4%, P = 0.001), old (median: 74.5 versus 66.6 years, P < 0.001) and with high alcohol consumption (47.4% versus 30.7%, P = 0.005). An increased risk of death was observed with higher levels of 20:2 ω-6 (hazard ratiotertile3 vstertile1 (HRT3vsT1) 2.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–4.42; p-trend = 0.04), 22:4 ω-6 (HRT3vsT1 = 3.52; 95% CI = 1.51–8.17; p-trend = 0.005), and 22:5 ω-6 (HRT3vsT1 = 3.50; 95% CI = 1.56–7.87; p-trend = 0.002). Conversely, the risk of death seemed lower when higher concentrations of 18:3 ω-6 (HRT3vsT1 = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.27–0.99; p-trend = 0.04) and the essential fatty acid, α-linolenic acid 18:3 ω-3 (HRT3vsT1 = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.24–0.93; p-trend = 0.03) were observed. ConclusionThe risk of death was increased in CRC patients with higher concentrations of certain ω-6 PUFAs and lower concentrations of α-linolenic acid in their subcutaneous adipose tissue. These results reflect dietary habits and altered fatty acid metabolism. Our exploratory results warrant confirmation in larger studies with further exploration of the mechanisms involved.

Meta-Analysis: Factors Related with Premarital Sexual Behavior in Adolescents

Background: Premarital sexual behavior is a sexual activity carried out before marriage. Premarital sexual behavior is a health priority in adolescents because it causes unwanted pregnancies, abortions, STIs, HIV/AIDS and even death. Parents, peers, community environment, economic and cultural conditions influence premarital sexual behavior. This study aims to analyze the effect of peers, smoking behavior, alcohol consumption, exposure to pornography and rural areas on premarital sexual behavior in adolescents. Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review and meta-analysis of study articles. Data obtained from databases including Google Schoolar, Pubmed and Science Direct. Article search was carried out by considering eligibility criteria with the PICO model. Population: adolescents. Intervention: high peer pressure, smoking behavior, alcohol consumption, exposure to pornography, and rural areas. Comparation: low peer pressure, non-smoking, no alcohol consumption, no exposure to pornography, and urban areas. Outcome: premarital sexual behavior. The articles were collected with keywords including "Peer Pressure" AND "Smoking" AND "Alcohol Compsumtion" AND "Pornography Exposure" AND "Rural" OR "Premarital Sexual Behavior" AND "Cross Sectional Study". Study articles were collected with PRISMA flow diagrams and analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: The results of the meta-analysis indicated that adolescents were influenced by premarital sexual behavior in the presence of high peer pressure (aOR= 3.57; CI95%= 1.38 to 9.26; p&lt;0.001), smoking behavior (aOR= 1.17; CI95%= 0.63 to 2.16; p&lt;0.001), alcohol consumption (aOR=2.11; CI95%=1.34 to 3.33; p&lt;0.001), and exposure to pornography (aOR= 2.43; CI95%= 1.44 to 4.09; p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Adolescent premarital sexual behavior increases with high peer pressure, smoking, alcohol consumption, and exposure to pornography. Keywords: premarital sexual behavior, peer pressure, adolescent. Correspondence: Aktif Cahyaning Tyas. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: aktifctyas@gmail.com. Mobile: +628231-4866643.

Insulin therapy among diabetic patients in rural communities of Sub-Saharan Africa: a perspective review.

In this perspective review, we describe a brief background on the status quo of diabetes mellitus-related therapies and glycemic control among patients in rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa. The article discusses insulin therapy as well as the difficulties in obtaining insulin and oral hypoglycemic medications for diabetic patients living in sub-Saharan Africa. We wrap up our discussion with suggestions on solutions and opportunities for future research to tackle this health challenge in these impoverished communities. We conducted a literature search from PubMed and Google Scholar up until August 2023. Key words were used to generate search terms used to retrieve the required information. All types of literature with pertinent information on the current topic were included in the study. Diabetes mellitus is on the rise in sub-Saharan Africa. Several studies have reported poor glycemic control, low screening rates for diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, high alcohol consumption, prescription of antidiabetic therapy, and associated costs as contributors to the uptake of antidiabetic treatment. Although there is paucity of data on the extent of insulin therapy uptake and its possible modifiable contributors among the diabetic patients in the region, the anticipated increase in the number of people with diabetes on the continent makes it critical for global leaders to address the research gaps in insulin therapy among rural communities of sub-Saharan Africa, thus reducing the burden of diabetes in these populations.

Pilot study on the assessment of unrecognized alcoholic liver disease in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease using the ANI score.

This pilot study evaluates the presence of potential unrecognized steatotic liver disease with moderate alcohol consumption (MetALD) in patients diagnosed with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) using the ALD/NAFLD index (ANI) score. A retrospective single-center study was conducted on 85 patients attending Digestive Diseases consultations in May and June 2024. MASLD was defined by hepatic steatosis with limited alcohol intake (<20 g/day for women and <30 g/day for men) and at least one cardiovascular risk factor. The ANI score identified 21.2% of patients as having a potential probability of MetALD, with higher alcohol consumption (10-30 g/day) and increased liver fibrosis observed in this group, though the latter did not reach statistical significance. Even though the ANI score is not validated to distinguish MetALD from MASLD, our findings highlight its potential utility in improving diagnostic accuracy by addressing underreported alcohol consumption.

Prevalence of, risk factors for, and target organ damage from metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV on ART: A cross-sectional analysis in Chongqing, China.

The incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in people living with HIV is significantly higher than in people without HIV. MetS is not only a major driver of cardiovascular disease (CVD) but is also closely related to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for MetS and to further understand the degree of damage to target organs. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, China. Information was collected via questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory tests. We used the China Diabetes Society guidelines to define MetS. Pooled cohort equations were calculated to compare CVD risk in the next 10 years in people living with HIV aged ≥40 years with or without MetS. We used Student's t-test, the chi-squared test, Fisher's exact test, binary logistic regression, and multiple linear regression in the statistical analysis. The study included 979 people living with HIV, including 13 who have experienced CVD, receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). The median age was 43.0 years, 20.9% were female, and the median ART time was 45.0 months. The prevalence of MetS was 33.9%. The components of MetS criteria were hyperglycaemia (50.4%), hypertriglyceridaemia (48.4%), hypertension (46.8%), low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (28.2%), and abdominal obesity (25.0%). Higher body mass index (odds ratio [OR] 1.266; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.203-1.333), higher total cholesterol (OR 1.267; 95% CI 1.011-1.588), high alcohol consumption (OR 1.973; 95% CI 1.009-3.859), and family history of diabetes (OR 1.726; 95% CI 1.075-2.770) were independent risk factors for MetS. Compared with the non-MetS group, the MetS group had a higher rate of urine albumin (23.8% vs 14.8%, p = 0.001), and the estimated glomerular filtration rate <90 mL/min/1.73 m2 (18.37% vs. 12.8%, p = 0.020) and β2-microglobin (p = 0.004) increased more markedly in the MetS group. Regarding the risk of developing CVD events in the next 10 years, 38.5% of those in the MetS group were at high or very high risk, which was significantly higher than in the non-MetS group (p < 0.001). In addition, age (p < 0.001) and sex (p = 0.002) are independent risk factors for developing CVD events in the next 10 years. The prevalence of MetS in people living with HIV on ART is high in Chongqing, China. Risk factors for the development of MetS are high alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes, higher body mass index, and higher total cholesterol levels. In addition, MetS is associated with a risk of CKD and the incidence of 10-year CVD.

Lifestyle factors, dietary patterns, and social determinants of social and eating jetlag: A cross-sectional survey

ABSTRACT Social jetlag (SJL) and, more recently, eating jetlag have been linked with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases. Here we aim to investigate lifestyle factors (diet, eating behavior, smoking, perceived stress, time spent sedentary/day) and social determinants (education level, employment status, and place of residence) associated with SJL corrected for sleep duration (SJLsc) and eating jetlag. Self-declared data on age, gender, lifestyle, and eating behavior were collected online from March 2021 to February 2022 of 432 adults. Principal component analysis was used to extract three dietary patterns (Prudent, Western, and Risky). Prevalence of SJLsc was 35.2%, with no significant difference between men and women (p = 0.558). Adults with SJLsc had significantly larger eating jetlag (56.0 min vs 41.2 min, p = 0.001). Increasing SJLsc duration was associated with an increased adherence to a Risky dietary pattern (standardized β coefficient = .165, p = 0.012); increasing eating jetlag duration was associated with an increased adherence to a Western dietary pattern (standardized β coefficient = .127, p = 0.039) and a shorter sleep duration (standardized βcoefficient = −0.147, p = 0.011). Among social determinants analyzed, only being a student or employed was associated with eating jetlag (standardized β coefficient = 0.125, p = 0.044), while none displayed any relationship with SJLsc. Our survey provides evidence on a risky behavior among young persons with SJLsc and eating jetlag, characterized by a higher alcohol consumption, and a diet rich in processed meat and high-fat food, eating during nights, and shorter sleep duration with potential long-term negative health outcomes.

ARTERIAL HYPOTENSION IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS INFECTED WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS

HighlightsArterial hypotension is a factor aggravating the course of heart failure in HIV-infected people in 18.3% of cases, more often accompanied by the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. The risk factor for the development of arterial hypotension in persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and having HF is the concentration of caspase-6 in the blood serum, which probably indicates the intensification of apoptosis processes in cardiomyocytes. The value of the glomerular filtration rate, calculated by the CKD-EPI formula with the inclusion of the level of cystatin C in the blood serum, is associated with the development of arterial hypotension. AbstractAim. To study the features of arterial hypotension in HIV-infected patients with HF in comparison with patients with normal blood pressure.Methods. The study included 44 patients with arterial hypotension (AHT) and 76 patients with normal blood pressure (BP) with heart failure (HF) and HIV admitted to a multidisciplinary hospital. All patients underwent the same number of examinations conducted personally by the author: echocardiography, noninvasive arteriography, assessment of the severity of HF using the Clinical Status Assessment Scale by V. Yu. Mareeva, six-minute walk test. Additionally, studies such as the determination of the N-terminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), cystatin C, caspase-6 and lipocaine 2 (NGAl) were conducted in a laboratory.Results. HIV-infected patients with HF are prone to developing AHT in 18.3% of cases. The results of the study indicate the predominance of males with low body mass index and high alcohol consumption in the group of patients with AHT. Moreover, patients with AHT are more likely to have pericardial effusion in front of the anterior wall of the right ventricle greater than 5 mm, anemia, unsuppressed viral load, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and hypertrophy. At the same time, the level of cystatin C in their blood serum is lower, and the glomerular filtration rate is higher than in patients without AHT. The level of caspase-6 in the blood serum was significantly higher in the group of patients with AHT.Conclusion. HIV-infected patients with HF are prone to developing AHT in 18.3% of cases. The results of the study indicate a significant predominance of patients with LVH in the group of patients with AHT. The concentration of caspase-6 in blood serum equal to 148.35 pg/mL and higher turned out to be a risk factor for the development of AHT in HIV-infected patients with HF, probably indicating an intensification of apoptosis processes in cardiomyocytes. A glomerular filtration rate (GFR) equal to 47.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 and higher, calculated using the CKD-EPI formula with the inclusion of the level of cystatin C in the blood serum, is associated with a high probability of developing AHT. The pattern obtained may indicate both the activation of apoptosis processes against the background of AHT in the cells of the heart muscle, and the preservation of GFR against this background in patients with HF and HIV infection.