High Adaptation Capability Research Articles

Adaptive ability of the poultry and its importance in the selection of animals

An important property of living organisms is the ability to adapt to the influence ofthe externalfactors that is constant adaptation to environmental changes, while preserving the constancy of the internal environment. At the present levelof thedevelopment of poultry farming in agro farms of different types, the choice of the most adaptive and competitive breeds and crossbreds of the poultry in the production of eggs and meat is of great importance. Farm animals are affected by various external factors such as technology of keeping, production, veterinary and prophylactic and zootechnical measures. According to various scientific sources, a significant number of poultry crosses are used in Ukraine, mainly for the selection of leading firms in the USA, Canada, and Western Europe (foreign breeds in Ukraine account about 80% of the total poultry population). They provide a high degree of implementation of the genetic productivity potential, butunder rather controlled, almost climatic conditions of keeping and feeding. At the same time, they are very responsive to changing of environment when used in the conditions of the breeding and commodity enterprises of Ukraine. This is due to the fact that the main economic-useful signs of the bird (bearing, weight of eggs, reproductive qualities) have polygenic inheritance and, accordingly, have a small fate of additivity of the operating genes. Therefore, in the new conditions of exploitation of cross-breeds of foreign selection on the indicated signs there is a significant influence of interaction «genotype × environment», which reduces the combinational ability of the family farms and, accordingly, manifestation of the heterosys effect. To preserve the structure of the cross, adaptation of the original family forms to the specific conditions of the poultry holdings is necessary, and then the implementation of supporting selection during mass selection of repair young animals. It should be taken into account that the suitability of imported lines, family forms or final bird hybrids is limited to the limits of their physiological response, since their heredity is formed in the conditions of the country where they are bred. The problem of adaptation of poultry in the conditions of industrial poultry farming is constantly relevant. The intensification of the industry leads to the new adaptation factors, in particular, different technological conditions for repair young animals and adult herds, changes in the recipes of feed and the quality of their components in other regions, the movement of poultry, stresses and so on. At the present, it is important to take into account both adaptive responses, acclimatization capacity of poultry and other animals imported from abroad, and selection according to the indicators of the reaction of the body for different methods of their study. In this regard, it is advisable to use crosses that have high adaptive capabilities.

Worming its way into Patagonia: an integrative approach reveals the cryptic invasion by Eulalia clavigera (Annelida: Phyllodocidae)

A phyllodocid polychaete belonging to the genus Eulalia is reported from Nuevo Gulf, Patagonia (South-western Atlantic Ocean) with abundant populations thriving in the intertidal zone. Morphological and molecular data allowed assigning this population to Eulalia clavigera (Audouin & Milne-Edwards, 1834), a species typically occurring along the north-eastern Atlantic coast. The absence of genetic structuring between north-eastern and south-western Atlantic E. clavigera strongly supports a non-native origin of the Patagonian population. Conversely, the majority of the Mediterranean Eulalia cf. clavigera analysed in this study turned out to belong to a different, probably undescribed species, suggesting that the diversity and taxonomy of green Eulalia is more complex than previously supposed. The high adaptation capabilities to stressed environments showed by E. clavigera, along with its possible high impact on native assemblages through predation, compel to carefully monitor its spread along the Patagonian coasts.

Farmer’s Perception and Agricultural Adaptation of Climate Change in Drought Prone Areas of Bangladesh

The study was conducted at the selected areas of Bangladesh (Ishwardi and Lalpur upazila). It consisted of 80 randomly selected farmers through an interview schedule to identify the respondent's perception and their agricultural adaptation to climate change. The findings of the study indicate that the farmer?s perception about climate change was reasonable for the majority of farmers; majority of (47.5%) farmers claimed that annual precipitation was decreased, 57.5% farmers claimed that summer season temperature was increased, 48.75% farmers claimed that winter season temperature was decreased and 51.25% farmers claimed that yearly mean temperature was increased. However, 38.75% farmers said that the intensity of drought was increased and 58.75% farmers said that the intensity of hotness in summer season was increased. The finding of the study indicates that 70% of the farmers had medium agricultural adaptation capability compare to 23.75% farmers had low and 6.25% farmers had high agricultural adaptation capability. Education, farm size, annual income, credit received, cosmopoliteness had significant relationship with their agricultural adaptation to climate change.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 9(1): 147-150 2016

Genomic survey provides insights into the evolutionary changes that occurred during European expansion of the invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki).

Biological invasions rank among the main global threats for biodiversity. The Eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) is considered one of the 100 world worst invasive species due to its high adaptation capability to new environments. Using the restriction-site-associated DNA tags (RADtags), introduced European locations were compared against native US mosquitofish populations to analyse genomic changes that occurred during invasive process of European locations. After filtering, 7724 RADtags containing only one SNP were retained for population studies. Comparative genomics indicated that 186 of these RADtags matched sequences in the transcriptome of Xyphophorus maculatus, the most closely related genome available. Genomic analyses showed that invasive populations show high reductions in diversity. Further, analysesof population structuring based on these data are concordant with previous analyses based on microsatellites. It is concluded that during the invasion process genetic drift was the main evolutionary force affecting patterns of diversity and population structure. While recognizing that positive selection could be masked by the strong drift during founder events, adaptive processes were evidenced in a reduced number of RADtags (<2%), with only one of these in a putative coding region. Surprisingly, balancing selection was detected in several coding RADtags, suggesting that the preservation of polymorphism in specific genes could be more important than the average population diversity for the population maintenance at any location, particularly for the survival of introduced populations.

EFECTO DE LA SALINIDAD SOBRE EL CRECIMIENTO POBLACIONAL Y EL RENDIMIENTO DEL ROTIFERO BRACHIONUS PLICATILIS (CEPA CIENAGA GRANDE DE SANTA MARTA)

The effect of salinity on the population growth and yield of a strain of Brachionus plicatiiis (O.F. Muller, 1786) was determined by two laboratory experiments. The rotifer B. plicatiiis was isolated from the plankton of the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia, and cultivated in laboratory under different salinity conditions. The local microalgae Chiorella sp., also isolated in laboratory, was used as food for the rotifers. Salinity values ranged from 3 to 24 o/oo in the first experiment and 30 to 45 o/oo in the second. It was found that these rotifers grow and exhibit a" high adaptive capability when cultured at salinities ranging from 16 to 40o/oo. The rotifer curves of population growth were negative at salinities under 16 o/oo. At salinities of 30, 36, and 40 o/oo the maximum densities were similar in the ninth day. Although maximum densities were somewhat lower at 45 o/oo salinity, no significant statistical differences were found. Maximum values of density (d), yield (y), instantaneous growth rate (k) and doubling time (td) corresponded to a salinity of 36o/oo.

PRIMER REGISTRO DEL HOLOTUROIDEO PSEUDOTHYONE BELLI (LUDWIG) (DENDROCHIROTIDA, SCLERODACTYLIDAE) PARA EL CARIBE COLOMBIANO

This paper reports the detection of Pseudothyone belli on submerged hard substrates at three sites in Santa Marta during port surveys conducted in March and October 2010. Owing to its high adaptive and competitive capability, it appears likely that the species has established itself in the Colombian Caribbean.

&lt;b&gt;Effect of concentrate supplementation and time scales of evaluation on behavioral and physiological responses of pregnant ewes on grazing system

This study was realized to evaluate the effect of concentrate supplementation and time scales of evaluation on behavioral and physiological responses of pregnant ewes on grazing system. The experimental design was a randomized 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (two breeds: Morada and Santa Ines; two concentrate supplementation levels: 0.5 and 1.5% of body weight; and three time scales of evaluation: 10, 20 and 30 minutes) with six replicates per treatment. The physiological parameters were influenced by period of the day and breeds, with higher values in the afternoon to Santa Ines ewes. Also, influence of concentrate supplementation was found between the breeds with greater values in Santa Ines ewes. But, it did not alter the physiological parameters among animals of the same genetic group. The grazing activity was influenced (p 0.05) for such a feature. Thus, the pregnant ewes exhibited high adaptive capability with observations of 10 minutes for better description of grazing activity in Morada Nova.

Auto-Adaptive Parallel SOM Architecture with a modular analysis for dynamic object segmentation in videos

This paper presents a new Background Subtraction System scheme based on two Self Organized Maps (SOM) that adapt in a parallel way at different rates. Our system can automatically identify the possible issue that mainly affects the performance of the video segmentation model (such as dynamic/static background, stationary dynamic objects, jittering camera, camouflage, etc.,) by analyzing the initial frames of the video sequence. Four different modules are implemented to treat separately all these situations and different analysis are performed on them. Our system maintains a high adaptive capability in all the video sequence analysis, it is not restricted to only the initial frames of the sequence as most segmentation algorithms. In our Auto-Adaptive Parallel SOM Architecture, AAPSA, a Suspicious Foreground analysis is constantly monitoring the segmentation results in order to obtain a reduction on the false positive rates. AAPSA was validated with Change Detection 2014 and BMC databases by using the same initial model parameters on both databases demonstrating its robustness with different and complicated scenarios. In order to simulate the videos that a security guard must analyze, 3 sequences were created by concatenated videos from AVSS, PETS2001 and Change Detection. The segmentation results obtained demonstrate that our system produced the best definition of dynamic objects compared with State of the Art models.

Annual Developmental Cycle of Gonads of European Perch Females (&lt;I&gt;Perca fluviatilis&lt;/I&gt; L.) from Natural Sites and a Canal Carrying Post-cooling Water from the Dolna Odra Power Plant (NW Poland)

The European perch is a species endowed with high adaptation capabilities as regards different environmental conditions. The aim of the study was to analyse the annual developmental cycle of ovaries of the European perch from the Oder river, Lake Dąbie and a drainage canal (Warm Canal) carrying post-cooling water from the Dolna Odra power plant (annual average water temperature in the canal is higher by 6-8°C than the water of the other sampling sites). Most of the female perch caught in the canal carrying post-cooling water had immature stage 2 gonads (delayed development of the gonads) and were smaller than the fish from the other sites. No traces of spawning in the form of deposed egg strings were found in the drainage canal. Adult individuals avoid high temperatures found in the Warm Canal. In April, in perch from all sites, ovaries with post-spawning oocytes were observed. The spawning season of the females lasted from the beginning of April until May. Stage 4 of gonad development, with oocytes in advanced vitellogenesis, was the longest and ranged from September through February.

Adaptability of Tacit Learning in Bipedal Locomotion

The capability of adapting to unknown environmental situations is one of the most salient features of biological regulations. This capability is ascribed to the learning mechanisms of biological regulatory systems that are totally different from the current artificial machine-learning paradigm. We consider that all computations in biological regulatory systems result from the spatial and temporal integration of simple and homogeneous computational media such as the activities of neurons in brain and protein-protein interactions in intracellular regulations. Adaptation is the outcome of the local activities of the distributed computational media. To investigate the learning mechanism behind this computational scheme, we proposed a learning method that embodies the features of biological systems, termed tacit learning. In this paper, we elaborate this notion further and applied it to bipedal locomotion of a 36DOF humanoid robot in order to discuss the adaptation capability of tacit learning comparing with that of conventional control architectures and that of human beings. Experiments on walking revealed a remarkably high adaptation capability of tacit learning in terms of gait generation, power consumption and robustness.

Adaptation of herders to droughts and privatization of rangeland-use rights in the arid Alxa Left Banner of Inner Mongolia

Residents of arid areas have developed their own adaptive strategies and adaptive capability to cope with an unstable environment that experiences frequent droughts. These strategies and this capability are based on traditional practices that developed from a profound understanding of their environment, but both the strategies and the capability have been affected by institutional change. Specifically, rangeland-use rights in the Alxa Left Banner were privatized in 1996, and the implementation of this policy decreased the ability of local herders to use traditional solutions. In this paper, we describe the change in their adaptive capability after implementation of this policy. Traditionally, local knowledge of the heterogeneity of resources and of key resources based on a deep understanding of the local environment, combined with tight social relationships, let herders use three traditional grazing strategies (seasonal migration, long-distance migration, and raising a diversity of livestock species) to mitigate the impacts of drought. But privatization has nearly eliminated their ability to rely on these traditional strategies and has weakened the forms of social and other capital that supported these strategies and provided a high adaptive capability. We argue that this institutional change has adversely affected traditional practices and undermined the adaptive capability of herders. Consequently, managers of the Alxa Left Banner must find ways to restore the various forms of capital to restore the herders' adaptive capability, particularly given the growing need to account for future climate change.

Current Concepts in ER Stress-Induced Apoptosis

Tumour development and progression is associated with cancer cell stress, owing to the rapid proliferative rate of cancer cells. During these processes cancer cells encounter severe cytotoxic conditions such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, metabolic changes and acidosis. As a consequence cancer cells must possess high adaptive capabilities in order to contend with such stresses. One of the adaptive responses activated in cancer cells is termed the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), which is triggered by conditions that adversely affect Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) homeostasis – a condition referred to as ER stress. Activation of the UPR functions to restore ER homeostasis and confer upon cancer cells a survival advantage. If ER stress is prolonged or too severe signalling switches from pro-survival to pro-death and ER stress-induced apoptosis is triggered. In this article we provide an overview of the current concepts concerning ER stress-induced apoptosis, focussing on the role of ER-localized stress sensors and triggering ER stress-induced apoptosis with particular emphasis on the contribution of BCL-2 family members.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and comorbidities through the eyes of the patient

Patient's attitudes and illness beliefs have shown to be of great importance in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As former qualitative research has mainly focused on patients with end-stage COPD, who are recruited within hospital or pulmonary rehabilitation settings, and excluding patients with disabling comorbidities, this study specifically aims to explore the perspectives of patients with COPD and comorbidities in primary care. This study was designed as a qualitative, explorative study using open patient interviews. The study was conducted at three primary care practices, East Flanders, Belgium. A total number of seven patients, diagnosed with COPD and given a minimum score of 2 on the Charlson Comorbidity Index were included. In-depth interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was deductive using NVivo software. Researchers' triangulation was performed. Participants show high adaptation capabilities and report quite positively about their functional status, with an emphasis on social participation and partnership. Knowledge of the causes and consequences of COPD appears rather limited, and participants predominantly show an external locus of control in relation to the reported factors influencing the disease and strategies for self-management. Patients with COPD with comorbidity integrate their illness and symptoms into their lives. However, a lack of knowledge and education may leave them more anxious and more dependent on health care than necessary. Our results indicate that health care workers should adopt a positive approach toward patient's functioning and empower and inform their patients. We believe that chronic care for patients with COPD should provide personalized rehabilitation taking into account individual patient characteristics and self-management and coping attitudes. We believe that there is a generic core to be identified, which can tackle both COPD and comorbidities. Further research is mandatory to develop these generic programs focusing on patients with complicated needs. Primary care can provide the setting for exploration.

Kinetic Considerations on Thermophilic Digestion of Maize Silage at Different Feeding Modes

AbstractDigestion of maize silage in batch, semi‐batch and continuous mode was investigated under similar experimental conditions with the aim to compare the degradation kinetics. The modeling with the 1st order equation shows that despite the ensiling pre‐treatment the disintegration/hydrolysis step determines the total degradation rate of the substrate. The results confirmed an extremely high adaptation capability of anaerobic biocenosis to increased feeding frequency, rather than to higher but less frequent loadings. 2 – 3 times higher degradation rates were observed for tripled feeding frequency. On the other hand, an increase in organic loading within the same feeding mode always resulted in reduction of digestion rate.

Power allocation in multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-based cognitive radio networks

Multi-carrier systems are one of the best candidates for applying in cognitive radio (CR) networks because of the spectrum shaping and high adaptive capabilities. Since secondary users (SUs) in this structure use a limited number of sub-carriers because of deactivation of the primary users' (PUs) band, the total capacity of CR networks is limited. On the other hand, multiple transmit antennas can be applied to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based CR in order to compensate this capacity leakage. This study aims to investigate multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-OFDM as one of the best hybrid multi-carrier systems, as a physical layer of CR networks. Considering different conditions to obtain maximum total capacity of CR networks, an optimal power allocation algorithm is scrutinised. Theoretically, it is shown that this proposed algorithm can maximise the total capacity and at the same time, keep the caused interference in PUs' bands in a tolerable range. To simplify the algorithm complexity, we also propose a sub-optimal scheme. The simulation results of the new algorithms are compared with previous methods, which present the enhancement and efficiency of the proposed algorithms. Furthermore, the simulation results show that our proposed schemes can load more power into the CR user's band in order to achieve higher transmission capacity for a given interference threshold.

High Prevalence of Pseudomonas Species in Soil Samples from Ternate Island-Indonesia

In the present study, Ten soil samples were examined and the pH of the soil was recorded. For bacterial isolation, a sterile nutrient and blood agars were used. Gram stain and biochemical tests were done for identification. A total of 384 genus were isolated, 314 (81.8%) were identified as Pseudomonas species of which 245 (78.0%) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 42 (13.4%) were Pseudomonas fluorescens, 13 (4.2%) were Pseudomonas mallei, 10 (3.1%) were Pseudomonas putida and 4 (1.3%) were Pseudomonas syringe and are regarded as pathogenic and harmful to man, animal and plants. This study shows that Pseudomonas aeruginosa had a high adaptation capability to grow in soil samples from Ternate, Indonesia. The rest of the bacterial isolates (18.2%) were identified as follows: 24 samples (6.2%) were Micrococcus, 23 samples (6.0%) were E. coli, 12 samples (3.1%) were Pasteurella and 11 samples (2.9%) were Staphylococcus. Pencillium was also isolated.

Electromagnetic Field Computation in Magnetic and Conductive Thin Sheets

The finite element method (FEM) is one of the most important techniques of computer modeling because it has a high geometric adaptation capability that makes possible the computation of a great variety of configurations. Nevertheless, the study of special structures that have a geometric dimension smaller than others, creates meshing difficulties. In this paper, the use of shell elements for modeling magnetic and/or conductive thin regions in finite element method is presented. This approach avoids the meshing problems of thin regions. The weak formulation is based on a∗ for (2D) problem and t for (3D) problem. The results are compared with analytic exact solutions.

Sediments hosting gas hydrate: oases for metazoan meiofauna

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 337:27-37 (2007) - doi:10.3354/meps337027 Sediments hosting gas hydrate: oases for metazoan meiofauna Stefan Sommer*, Erik Gutzmann, Olaf Pfannkuche Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften, IFM-GEOMAR, Wischhofstraße 1–3, 24148 Kiel, Germany *Email: ssommer@ifm-geomar.de ABSTRACT: The effect of methane seepage from sediments harbouring shallow gas hydrates on standing stocks and the distribution pattern of meiobenthic organisms, in particular Nematoda and Rotifera, was studied at about 800 m water depth at Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia subduction zone, off Oregon. The presence of shallow gas hydrates, buried only a few 10s of centimetres below the sediment surface, was indicated by extensive bacterial mats of chemosynthetic Beggiatoa sp. and clam fields of the bivalve mollusk Calyptogena spp. Mean abundances of meiobenthic organisms integrated over the upper 10 cm of the sediment were highest (1294 ind. 10 cm–2) at clam fields, closely followed by control sediments least affected by gas hydrates (1199 ind. 10 cm–2) and lowest in sediments covered with bacterial mats (762 ind. 10 cm–2). Average meiobenthic biomass was highest at the clam field site (262.2 µg C 10 cm–2), 210.4 µg C 10 cm–2 at the control site and very low in sediments covered with bacterial mats (61.4 µg C 10 cm–2). The dominant taxa of meiobenthic organisms at the investigated sites were nematodes and, unexpectedly, Rotifera that are almost unknown from the deep marine habitat. In terms of abundance, rotifera dominated the meiobenthic community in gas-hydrate-influenced sediments, while control sediments and deeper basins adjoined to Hydrate Ridge were dominated by nematodes. Nematodes were concentrated in the sediment surface at all sites, whereas rotifers were almost evenly distributed at all depths, with a slight preference for deeper sediment horizons. The horizontal as well as vertical distribution of nematodes and rotifers is likely to be determined by competition or predation, and by the high adaptive capability of rotifers to highly sulphidic and anoxic conditions. Estimates of meiobenthic carbon turnover in relation to the bulk organic carbon supply indicate that, in contrast to other meiobenthic communities in cold seep environments, the meiobenthos in the studied gas-hydrate-containing sediments do not benefit from the excess availability of organic carbon via the chemoautotrophic food web. This may be because, for most meiobenthic organisms (other than rotifers), tolerance mechanisms are overwhelmed by the deleterious environmental conditions of reduced oxygen availability and extremely high sulphide fluxes. KEY WORDS: Meiofauna · Nematoda · Rotifera · Gas hydrate · Carbon turnover · Hydrate Ridge · Cascadia subduction zone Full text in pdf format PreviousNextExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 337. Online publication date: May 14, 2007 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2007 Inter-Research.

Reproductive biology of the isopod Excirolana braziliensis at the southern edge of its geographical range

A full analysis of the reproductive biology of the isopod Excirolana braziliensis Richardson 1912 was conducted in a sandy beach of Uruguay, located at the southernmost edge of its distributional range in the Atlantic Ocean. Reproductive and recruitment periods of E. braziliensis were concentrated in austral summer. Females with oostegites appeared in November, whereas total biomass, individual sizes and fecundity of ovigerous females peaked between December and January. These concurrent traits were responsible for the significant peak of juveniles in January. The size at maturity was 9.88 mm. Four embryonic developmental stages were described and identified: mean length linearly increased from stages I to III, whereas dry weight exponentially decreased from stages I to IV. The high reproductive output (0.41–0.58), reported for the first time in this isopod, exceeds the rates documented for other isopods. Reproduction of E. braziliensis at the southern edge of its range is semelparous: females produce one brood during the reproductive season, exhaust their energy reserves during incubation, and probably die at the end of the reproductive season. A macroscale comparison suggests that E. braziliensis at the southern edge of its range counteracts its narrow reproductive period by a short incubation period with larger individual mature female and embryo sizes, higher fecundity and a higher percentage of ovigerous females than in subtropical and tropical populations. These extreme reproductive indicators could be attributed to the internal retention of embryos that assures offspring survival, coupled with a high adaptation capability to environmental variations across its range.

Diversity of mesophilic clostridia in Costa Rican soils

Costa Rica is located in the Tropic, one of the most biologically diverse regions of the world; its soil is an important epicenter of biodiversity and Clostridium spp. are among the most frequent bacteria. The diversity of clostridia in Costa Rican soils and its possible association with geographic zone, pH or type of soil was studied in 117 soil samples: 18 from the Atlantic Zone, 30 from the Central Plateau, 30 from the Dry Pacific, 13 from the North Zone, and 26 from the South Pacific. The pH and the mesophilic clostridia species were determined for each sample. For bacterial isolation, a selective methodology for spores and pre-reduced anaerobically sterilized media were used. A total of 1945 strains of clostridia were isolated, 98% were identified and corresponded to 54 species; the most frequent species were C. subterminale (56%), C. oceanicum (51%), C. bifermentans and C. glycolicum (50%, each), C. sporogenes (49%), and C. sordellii (42%). An average of 7.1 species per sample was obtained; the Atlantic Zone showed the greatest diversity: 8.6 species per sample and a total of 45 species. Except for C. chauvoei, all described toxigenic clostridia species were isolated; C. sordellii (42%) and C. perfringens (38%) were the most frequent. No statistical relation could be established between geographic zone or type of soil and any species, showing that clostridia had a high adaptation capability to grow in different soil conditions; only some clostridia were isolated from very acidic samples while others from soils with a wide range of pH. In general, a uniform distribution of most species and a high variety of clostridia in Costa Rican soils were observed, in agreement with the high biodiversity described for other living beings in this country.