High Abundance Research Articles

The effect of different vulcanization reagents on the synthesis of NiFeS and the performance test of seawater electrolysis

Hydrogen energy, as the most promising new energy for sustainable development, has aroused wide concern of researcher in the field of energy chemical industry. Among the many hydrogen generation approaches, electric water splitting for producing H2 is considered to be a simple and environmentally friendly method. Transition metal-based catalysts have become an important field in alkaline seawater electrolysis due to their high abundance and superior catalytic performance. Therefore, NiFeS (Ni3S2@FeS) was in-situ generated on nickel foam through a simple two-step hydrothermal approach in this paper. NiFeS/NF catalysts synthesized by three vulcanization reagents (Na2S·9H2O, CH3CSNH2, CH4N2S) were characterized and compared by a series of electrochemical tests. It is worth noting that for the first time, different vulcanization reagents were used to explore the activity of the same catalyst in seawater splitting and urea splitting. It was found that the NiFeS catalyst synthesized by Na2S·9H2O (Ni3S2@FeS-1/NF) had better oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance and good stability in alkaline seawater. The overpotential required for the OER with Ni3S2@FeS-1/NF electrode in alkaline seawater (1 M KOH + seawater electrolyte) is 290 mV at the 10 mA cm-2, and 92 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction at the 10 mA cm-2. It is found that the NiFeS catalyst obtained by vulcanization of NiFe-LDH not only has high activity and conductivity, but also can effectively inhibit Cl- corrosion. Ni3S2@FeS-1/NF catalyst has a unique cluster rosette nanosheet array structure, which can present more catalytic reaction centres, accelerate the electron transfer rate and promote electrochemistry performance. The work proposes a novel way to explore the effect of different synthesis methods of the same composition on the performance of electrolytic seawater.

Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance Bacteria in a Healthcare Facility at an Industrial Site in Saudi Arabia.

This study aimed to perform surveillance and identify antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the most common pathogenic bacteria in a healthcare facility in Rabigh City, Saudi Arabia. A total of 1,933 samples were processed from patients during the study period from January 2022 to June 2022. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of the cultured isolates were performed using the MicroScan system. Out of the 1,933 tested samples, 11.1% (n = 214) were positive for bacterial growth. A relatively higher percentage of isolates was recovered from patients older than 50 years (55.9%). Gram-negative bacteria (67.3%) were significantly more prevalent than Gram-positive bacteria (32.7%). The Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria comprised mainly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Staphylococ-cus epidermidis and coagulase-negative staphylococci were found at relatively high abundance in Gram-positive bacteria. Increased resistance to carbapenem antibiotics was observed in K. pneumoniae. In Gram-positive bac¬teria, > 50% of the isolates of S. epidermidis were resistant to 13 tested antimicrobial agents. This study provided an overview of the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility of the prevalent Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria in a major healthcare facility in Saudi Arabia. It highlights the importance of continuously monitoring AMR bacteria in healthcare settings to ensure the effective use of antibiotics for treatment.

Evaluation of material accountancy techniques for 233Pa from thorium nuclear fuels

Thorium is a promising alternative to uranium as nuclear fuel with advantages such as higher abundance, lower production of long-lived transuranic elements, and potentially better proliferation resistance. However, thorium presents a potential pathway for proliferation where produced 233Pa can be diverted for the clandestine production of safeguarded 233U. To prevent this, the ability to detect and measure 233Pa must be assessed. This paper reviews several nuclear material accountancy techniques to determine their suitability for detecting 233Pa extracted from irradiated thorium fuel. Hybrid K-edge densitometry and passive gamma spectroscopy have been found to be the best options based on technology maturity, cost, accuracy, and acquisition time. Thorium can be used in various reactor designs such as pressurized water reactors (PWRs), Canada deuterium uranium (CANDU) reactors, and molten salt reactors (MSRs). Therefore, thorium-uranium oxide fueling was modeled for three representative reactors (PWR, CANDU, MSR), burning the fuel to 47 GWd/MTHM for PWR, 19 GWd/MTHM for CANDU, and at a steady power of 52.711 MW/MTHM for MSR. Within each model, the protactinium element in the used fuel was extracted and its isotopic content analyzed. Simulated results indicated that 233Pa can be detected using passive gamma spectroscopy in each fuel type at all decay times (0–300 days) following separation.

Deciphering the conformational changes induced by high-risk nsSNPs in β-lactoglobulin

Whey protein from bovine milk is highly valued in the food and pharmaceutical industries because of its high protein content and abundance of essential amino acids. The relationship between whey protein and the β-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene has been extensively discussed because BLG is the most abundant whey protein, making up approximately 50 % of the total whey protein in bovine milk. In recent years, researchers have been interested in this gene because of its critical role in healthy milk production, and any genetic polymorphism in this gene may deteriorate the milk quality. In the current study, we identified several deleterious and damaging non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in BLG and analyzed their destabilizing effects using different computational algorithms. Cumulative results from all tools and evolutionary conservation profiles of BLG suggested that four nsSNPs, G17A, W19C, F136S, and C119R, were the most deleterious and could affect the structural integrity of the protein. Detailed molecular dynamics simulation analysis revealed that all variants induced major structural alterations, that affected the ability of the protein to interact with natural and synthetic ligands. Particularly, the G17A, F136S, and C119R variants induced large conformational changes in the EF loop and main α-helix of BLG, which may affect the access of natural and synthetic ligands to the central calyx of BLG. We hope that the suggested nsSNPs will guide future studies and assist researchers in improving the quality of bovine milk.

In situ growth of MnO2 on graphitized cellulose nanocrystal: A novel coaxial heterostructures with unblocked conductive networks as advanced electrode materials for supercapacitor

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) with high theoretical capacitance and natural abundance has attracted great attention but is still challenging for use in supercapacitors, due to the limited conductivity and lower electron and ion migration. Here, a facile in situ growth strategy is developed to prepare heterostructural graphitized cellulose nanocrystal (GCNC)/MnO2 with unblocked conductive networks through a hydrothermal reaction. The GCNC with highly ordered graphitic carbon layers as conductive support framework solves the agglomeration problem of MnO2 and increases effective specific surface areas in contact with electrolyte ions. Meanwhile, the stable connection of MnOC covalent bonds enhances the interface bonding, which effectively reduces the contact resistance at the interface of heterostructural GCNC/MnO2 and enhances the interface firmness. The resulting GCNC/MnO2 electrode shows a remarkable specific capacitance of 528.2 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1. Furthermore, the symmetric supercapacitor based on GCNC/MnO2-15 mM exhibits high rate capability and excellent cycle stability of 100 % capacitance retention after 3000 cycles. This work provides a new path to designing high performance electrode material for sustainable energy technologies.

Petroleum evolution and its genetic relationship with the associated Jinding Pb[sbnd]Zn deposit in Lanping Basin, Southwest China

The spatial association of hydrocarbons with metalliferous ore deposits is found worldwide and is particularly common to MVT PbZn deposits. Heavy oil and bitumen are found in the Jinding PbZn deposit within the Lanping Basin, South China. However, the temporal and genetic associations between hydrocarbons and the deposit are still controversial. To this end, integrating Raman analysis, ReOs geochronology and transmission electron microscopy analysis of the bitumen and in situ S isotope analyses of the sulfide, the petroleum evolution of the Jinding reservoir and its genetic relationship with the PbZn deposits were discussed. Bitumen ReOs data from this study and published works indicate that the late Triassic shales underwent two distinct oil-generation events before mineralisation (~25 Ma), with initial oil generation occurring during the early Cretaceous (~116 Ma) and the second during the early Paleogene (ca. 68–59 Ma). These two ages agree with the modelled thermal history of the Jinding reservoir. Combining the oil-before-ore timing sequence, high metal abundance of the bitumen, two negative sulfur isotope peaks of the sulfide and high S/C atomic ratio of the bitumen from the Jinding deposit, the oil-containing aqueous solutions were considered as one metal carrier during the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation; further, bacterial sulfate reduction and thermo-chemically induced sulfate reduction processes could have participated in the supply of reduced sulfur for the PbZn deposit precipitation.

Improved Anaerobic Digestion of Food Waste under Ammonia stress by Side-Stream Hydrogen Domestication

High ammonia concentration inhibits archaea's activity, causing the accumulation of H2 and acetate, which suppresses methane production in anaerobic digestion (AD). The study aimed to enhance microbial hydrogen metabolism through a side-stream hydrogen domestication (SHD) strategy, which involves applying hydrogen stimulation to a portion of the sludge separately. SHD maintained a stable methane yield of 407.5 mL/g VS at a high total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration of 3.1 g/L. In contrast, the control group gradually decreased and stopped methane production at a TAN concentration of 2.3 g/L. Further analysis using enzyme activity assays, flow cytometry, and metagenomics explored the mechanisms underlying ammonia tolerance of SHD-treated group. SHD reshaped the microbial community, enriching homoacetogens and Methanosaeta-dominated methanogenic archaea. Key metabolic pathways including homoacetogenesis, butyrate degradation, propionate degradation, and methane production were enhanced. The activity of related enzymes also increased. Gene abundance in energy-generating pathways, such as glycolysis, was enhanced, ensuring adequate ATP production. Additionally, the high gene abundance of ion transport systems contributed to regulating proton imbalance and supplementing intracellular K+. This study provides important insights and practical guidance for developing novel techniques in the field of anaerobic digestion.

Simultaneous removal of vanadium and nitrogen in two-stage vertical flow constructed wetlands: Performance and mechanisms

Vanadium (V(V)) and nitrate, as co-concomitant pollutants in water bodies, pose potential threats to the eco-environment and human health. This study was to reveal the feasibility of simultaneous removal of V(V) and nitrate in the series-wound vertical flow constructed wetlands (CWs) with iron ore (B-CWs)/manganese ore (C-CWs)-wood substrates. The results showed that B-CWs could achieve efficient V(V) and NO3−-N removal with the influent of 2 and 10 mg/L (V(V)/NO3−-N = 1:5), respectively. With the increase of V(V)/NO3−-N ratio (V(V)/NO3−-N = 1:1), B/C-CWs exhibited better combined pollution removal. Even when nitrate was removed (V(V)/NO3−-N = 1:0), the systems could maintain a good capacity for V(V) removal. High V(V) (20 mg/L) significantly inhibited V(V) removal, with a slight recovery of the performance as the decrease of V(V) influent. High NO3−-N concentration (10 mg/L) effectively enhanced V(V) removal and restored C-CWs to the better level. V(IV) precipitates/oxides were the main reducing end-products. High abundance of V(V)-reducing bacteria and iron/manganese cycling pumps ensured efficient V(V) removal.

The Middle-Late Permian Yakshawa and Late Cretaceous Daresard bauxite deposits, western Iran: Elemental deportment, parental affinities and genesis of REY minerals

The Middle-Late Permian Yakshawa bauxite deposit in the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone and the Late Cretaceous Daresard bauxite deposit in the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt have bauxite ores with different textures and mineralogical compositions. The presence of detrital and authigenic REY-phosphates, fluorocarbonates of the bastnasite group, and cerianite with diverse generations reflect an intricate formation process of the REY-bearing minerals in these two deposits. This clearly shows that the studied deposits have a multi-stage evolution including diagenetic and/or low-grade metamorphic, in situ fluid-assisted dissolution–reprecipitation reactions, and later bauxitization. The high abundance of monazite, textural relationships, and its LREE pattern indicate this mineral is the main LREE reservoir in the studied bauxite ores whereas xenotime, both authigenic and detrital, is the main host for HREE. The R-mode factor analyses indicates that the bauxitization process induces, at large, similar interelemental relationships in the studied deposits involving the attitude of Al oxyhydroxides, Ti oxides, and Fe oxyhydroxides to concentrate critical metals and the capability of REY-phosphate of being the main reservoir of REE + Y. As for provenance, the Eu/Eu*, Sm/Nd, and Nb/Ta proxies suggest that the bauxite ores of the Yakshawa deposit have a genetic relationship with Middle-Late Permian mafic volcanic rocks, whereas the ores of the Daresard deposit show parental affinity with the underlying fine-grained clayey limestone of the Sarvak Formation.

Honeycomb-like N, S dual-doped porous carbons derived from pomelo peel by effective exogenous doping strategy for supercapacitor electrodes

Biomass has emerged as a pivotal precursor to synthesize supercapacitor electrode materials owing to its low-cost and plentiful resources. The optimization of heteroatoms and porous structures is believed to be a viable method to enhance the electrochemical properties of biomass-generated carbons. Herein, pomelo peel as a precursor using KOH as an activator and heteroatom dopants (urea and sodium sulfide) was successfully converted into N, S dual-doped porous carbons under the high temperature. The effective exogenous doping strategy realizes a high abundance of N/S heteroatoms, and KOH chemical activation promotes the development of nanopores and interconnected porosities. The resultant carbon CNS-800 with a high specific surface area of 1823.8 m2 g−1 and rich heteroatoms of N (2.51 wt%) and S (1.36 wt%) anticipately exhibits the outstanding electrochemical properties, including the excellent specific capacitance of 329.2 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in a three-electrode (3E) system and the superb capacitance retention rate of 74.12 %. The fabricated CNS-800-based symmetric two-electrode (2E) supercapacitor demonstrates a good capacitance of 243.7 F g−1 and excellent cycling stability, as well as a superb energy density of 14.3 Wh kg−1. This work provides a compelling and cost-effective approach to transform biomass waste like pomelo peels into high-performance electrodes for supercapacitors.

Exploring the physicochemical, structural, metabolic, and flavor compounds of Limosilactobacillus fermentum in fermented yogurt through comparative genomics

Adding specific lactic acid bacteria to yogurt has been known to enhance both its benefits and flavor. However, differences among the strains of the same species present significant challenges. In this study, we constructed a phylogenetic tree of 232 Limosilactobacillus fermentum strains and selected seven strains with distinct evolutionary relationships for yogurt fermentation. L. fermentum FFJ12, which possesses more glycoside hydrolases (GH), had the highest growth rate and acid production. Conversely, L. fermentum FBJSY21_1, containing less GH, showed poor acid production. Yogurt texture might be related to amino acid synthesis. L. fermentum induced a high abundance of dibenzoyl-L-tartaric acid anhydride, leading to a wine-like flavor in yogurt. Additionally, L. fermentum upregulated citric acid and 4-acetamidobenzoic acid levels; and downregulated phenylalanine abundance. This study provided novel insights into the selection of potential probiotics for yogurt fermentation, thereby promoting the development of precision yogurt.

Optimization and Implication of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Craniofacial Bone Regeneration and Repair

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have emerged as a promising resource for craniofacial bone regeneration due to their high abundance and easy accessibility, significant osteogenic potential, versatile applications, and potential for personalized medicine, which underscore their importance in this field. This article reviews the current progress of preclinical studies that describe the careful selection of specific ADSC subpopulations, key signaling pathways involved, and usage of various strategies to enhance the osteogenic potential of ADSCs. Additionally, clinical case reports regarding the application of ADSCs in the repair of calvarial defects, cranio-maxillofacial defects, and alveolar bone defects are also discussed.

High barley intake in non-obese individuals is associated with high natto consumption and abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria in the gut: a cross-sectional study.

Barley, abundant in β-glucan, a soluble dietary fiber, holds promise in obesity prevention. Given the microbial metabolism of dietary fiber in the gastrointestinal tract, we investigated the role of gut microbiota in non-obese individuals consuming high levels of barley. Our study enrolled 185 participants from "The cohort study on barley and the intestinal environment (UMIN000033479)." Comprehensive physical examinations, including blood tests, were conducted, along with separate assessments of gut microbiome profiling and dietary intake. Participants were categorized into high and low barley consumption groups based on the median intake, with non-obese individuals in the high intake group identified as barley responders while participants with obesity were designated as non-responders. We compared the relative abundance of intestinal bacteria between these groups and used multivariate analysis to assess the association between intestinal bacteria and barley responders while controlling for confounding factors. Among the fermented food choices, responders exhibited notably higher consumption of natto (fermented soybeans) than non-responders. Moreover, after adjusting for confounders, Butyricicoccus and Subdoligranulum were found to be significantly more prevalent in the intestines of responders. Given natto's inclusion of Bacillus subtilis, a glycolytic bacterium, and the butyrate-producing capabilities of Butyricicoccus and Subdoligranulum, it is hypothesized that fiber degradation and butyrate production are likely to be enhanced within the digestive tract of barley responders.

Recent Advances in Electrolytes for Magnesium Batteries: Bridging the gap between Chemistry and Electrochemistry.

Rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) have the potential to provide a sustainable and long-term solution for large-scale energy storage due to high theoretical capacity of magnesium (Mg) metal as an anode, its competitive redox potential (Mg/Mg2+:-2.37 V vs. SHE) and high natural abundance. To develop viable magnesium batteries with high energy density, the electrolytes must meet a range of requirements: high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical potential window, chemical compatibility with electrode materials and other battery components, favourable electrode-electrolyte interfacial properties and cost-effective synthesis. In recent years, significant progress in electrolyte development has been made. Herein, a comprehensive overview of these advancements is presented. Beginning with the early developments, we particularly focus on the chemical aspects of the electrolytes and their correlations with electrochemical properties. We also highlight the design of new anions for practical electrolytes, the use of electrolyte additives to optimize anode-electrolyte interfaces and the progress in polymer electrolytes.

The Micropaleoecology Framework: Evaluating Biotic Responses to Global Change Through Paleoproxy, Microfossil, and Ecological Data Integration.

The microfossil record contains abundant, diverse, and well-preserved fossils spanning multiple trophic levels from primary producers to apex predators. In addition, microfossils often constitute and are preserved in high abundances alongside continuous high-resolution geochemical proxy records. These characteristics mean that microfossils can provide valuable context for understanding the modern climate and biodiversity crises by allowing for the interrogation of spatiotemporal scales well beyond what is available in neo-ecological research. Here, we formalize a research framework of "micropaleoecology," which builds on a holistic understanding of global change from the environment to ecosystem level. Location: Global. Time period: Neoproterozoic-Phanerozoic. Taxa studied: Fossilizing organisms/molecules. Our framework seeks to integrate geochemical proxy records with microfossil records and metrics, and draws on mechanistic models and systems-level statistical analyses to integrate disparate records. Using multiple proxies and mechanistic mathematical frameworks extends analysis beyond traditional correlation-based studies of paleoecological associations and builds a greater understanding of past ecosystem dynamics. The goal of micropaleoecology is to investigate how environmental changes impact the component and emergent properties of ecosystems through the integration of multi-trophic level body fossil records (primarily using microfossils, and incorporating additional macrofossil data where possible) with contemporaneous environmental (biogeochemical, geochemical, and sedimentological) records. Micropaleoecology, with its focus on integrating ecological metrics within the context of paleontological records, facilitates a deeper understanding of the response of ecosystems across time and space to better prepare for a future Earth under threat from anthropogenic climate change.

The impact of coral reef habitat and microbial abundance status on sponge-associated prokaryotic communities

AbstractSponges are one of the oldest lineages of animals on Earth and play key roles in shaping marine ecosystems. They are diverse, with more than 9600 species known to science, and come in a wide range of shapes, sizes, and colours. Sponges are, furthermore, known to host diverse communities of microbial symbionts, which play important roles in their physiology and ecology. In the present study, we sampled prokaryotic communities from 24 sponge species inhabiting coral reef flat and slope habitats off the coast of SW Celebes (Indonesia) in addition to sediment and seawater. The prokaryotic profiles of several sponge species were characterised for the first time. In line with previous studies, we revealed pronounced variation in diversity and composition among species with high microbial abundance (HMA) or low microbial abundance (LMA) status playing an important role in structuring prokaryotic communities across host sponge species. In addition to this, reef habitat (flat versus slope) also played a significant role in structuring prokaryotic communities. Most species in the reef slope habitat housed prokaryotic communities with a consistent profile of several cyanobacterial and prokaryotic OTUs, whereas these OTUs were largely absent from sponges inhabiting the reef flat habitat. Instead, they tended to house highly abundant bacterial populations related to the Synechococcus spongiarum group. We propose that specific strains of S. spongiarum may play a key role in enabling their host sponges to survive in an, otherwise, inhospitable environment (e.g., high irradiance and temperature) and, thus, help to explain differences in sponge composition between coral reef flat and slope habitats.

Localized High-Concentration Electrolyte for All-Carbon Rechargeable Dual-Ion Batteries with Durable Interfacial Chemistry.

Lithium-based rechargeable dual-ion batteries (DIBs) based on graphite anode-cathode combinations have received much attention due to their high resource abundance and low cost. Currently, the practical realization of the batteries is hindered by easy oxidation of the electrolyte at the cathode interface, and solvent co-intercalation at the anode-electrolyte interface. Configuration of a "solvent-in-salt" electrolyte with a high concentration of Li salt is expected to stabilize the electrolyte chemistry versus both electrodes, yet inevitably reduces the mobility of the solvated working ions and increases the cost of the electrolyte. Herein, we propose to build a localized high-concentration electrolyte by adding hydrofluoroether as the diluent to reduce the salt content while improving the solvation structure, allowing more anions to enter the inner solvation sheath. The new electrolyte helps to form uniform and thin interfaces, with elevated contents of inorganic fluorides, on both electrodes, which effectively suppress electrolyte oxidation at the cathode and optimize electrolyte-electrode compatibility at the anode while facilitating charge transfer across the interface. Consequently, the DIBs with graphite as anode and cathode operate for 3000 cycles and retain a high-capacity retention of 95.7%, highlighting the importance of stable interfacial chemistry in boosting the electrochemical performance of DIBs.

Investigating the biology of microRNA links to ALDH1A1 reveals candidates for preclinical testing in acute myeloid leukemia.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 (ALDH1A1) is a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene subfamily that encode enzymes with the ability to oxidize retinaldehyde. It was recently shown that high ALDH1A1 RNA abundance correlates with a poor prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML is a hematopoietic malignancy associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Although there are a number of agents that inhibit ALDH activity, it would be crucial to develop methodologies for adjustable genetic interference, which would permit interventions on several oncogenic pathways in parallel. Intervention in multiple oncogenic pathways is theoretically possible with microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs), a class of small non‑coding RNAs that have emerged as key regulators of gene expression in AML. A number of miRNAs have shown the ability to interfere with ALDH1A1 gene expression directly in solid tumor cells, and these miRNAs can be evaluated in AML model systems. There are indications that a few of these miRNAs actually do have an association with AML disease course, rendering them a promising target for genetic intervention in AML cells.

Localized High‐Concentration Electrolyte for All‐Carbon Rechargeable Dual‐Ion Batteries with Durable Interfacial Chemistry

Lithium‐based rechargeable dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) based on graphite anode‐cathode combinations have received much attention due to their high resource abundance and low cost. Currently, the practical realization of the batteries is hindered by easy oxidation of the electrolyte at the cathode interface, and solvent co‐intercalation at the anode‐electrolyte interface. Configuration of a “solvent‐in‐salt” electrolyte with a high concentration of Li salt is expected to stabilize the electrolyte chemistry versus both electrodes, yet inevitably reduces the mobility of the solvated working ions and increases the cost of the electrolyte. Herein, we propose to build a localized high‐concentration electrolyte by adding hydrofluoroether as the diluent to reduce the salt content while improving the solvation structure, allowing more anions to enter the inner solvation sheath. The new electrolyte helps to form uniform and thin interfaces, with elevated contents of inorganic fluorides, on both electrodes, which effectively suppress electrolyte oxidation at the cathode and optimize electrolyte‐electrode compatibility at the anode while facilitating charge transfer across the interface. Consequently, the DIBs with graphite as anode and cathode operate for 3000 cycles and retain a high‐capacity retention of 95.7%, highlighting the importance of stable interfacial chemistry in boosting the electrochemical performance of DIBs.

Hydrophobic Modification of Cellulose Acetate and Its Application in the Field of Water Treatment: A Review.

With the inherent demand for hydrophobic materials in processes such as membrane distillation and unidirectional moisture conduction, the preparation and application development of profiles such as modified cellulose acetate membranes that have both hydrophobic functions and biological properties have become a research hotspot. Compared with the petrochemical polymer materials used in conventional hydrophobic membrane preparation, cellulose acetate, as the most important cellulose derivative, exhibits many advantages, such as a high natural abundance, good film forming, and easy modification and biodegradability, and it is a promising polymer raw material for environmental purification. This paper focuses on the research progress of the hydrophobic cellulose acetate preparation process and its current application in the water-treatment and resource-utilization fields. It provides a detailed introduction and comparison of the technical characteristics, existing problems, and development trends of micro- and nanostructure and chemical functional surface construction in the hydrophobic modification of cellulose acetate. Further review was conducted and elaborated on the applications of hydrophobic cellulose acetate membranes and other profiles in oil-water separation, brine desalination, water-repellent protective materials, and other separation/filtration fields. Based on the analysis of the technological and performance advantages of profile products such as hydrophobic cellulose acetate membranes, it is noted that key issues need to be addressed and urgently resolved for the further development of hydrophobic cellulose acetate membranes. This will provide a reference basis for the expansion and application of high-performance cellulose acetate membrane products in the environmental field.