High Reading Research Articles

Expanding access to non-communicable disease screening in war-affected communities in Ukraine

Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) account for 91% of premature deaths in Ukraine. However, NCD screening lags among young people and across the entire population. The ongoing war has exacerbated barriers to NCD screening due to damaged infrastructure, understaffed medical facilities, and health system deterioration. Intervention/response To improve screening, diagnosis, and care, in March 2023 the PATH-led, USAID-funded Support TB Control Efforts in Ukraine (STBCEU) project established community level health access points (HAPs) in five conflict-affected communities. STBCEU procured screening tools (tannometers, glucometers, portable ECGs) for common NCDs, printed informational materials, trained 143 specialists, designed a reporting system, and facilitated monitoring visits to 77 HAPs. Results By the end of 2023, the project equipped 113 HAPs in the five communities, and 102 of them initiated NCD screening. From January-March 2024, 1,694 people under 40 years old were screened for NCDs. Among 1,488 blood pressure measurements, 143 cases had high readings (9.6 ±1.5%), 90 (62.9%) of which were first-time diagnoses, and 53 (37.1%) treatment monitoring. Glucose levels were measured 809 times, with elevated levels in 44 cases (5.4 ±1.5%), 30 (68.2%) of which were first-time diagnoses, and 14 (31.8%) treatment monitoring. Additionally, 1,144 mental health consultations were provided. Conclusions This initiative represented a first in Ukraine: per national requirements, young people have not historically been screened for NCDs. Expanding NCD screening in war-affected communities has demonstrated substantial early success, with significant detection of high blood pressure and elevated glucose levels among people under 40. This proactive, cost-effective intervention underscores the need for accessible, community-level health interventions in crisis settings and showcases a scalable model for integrating NCD screening into emergency health response frameworks. Key messages • The implementation of community-level NCD screening has shown early success in detecting high blood pressure and elevated glucose levels among people under 40. • Cost-effective NCD screening underscores the need for accessible, community health interventions, providing a scalable model for integrating NCD screening into emergency health response.

Development and Validation of an Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Patient Education Material for Ostomy Patients: A Methodological Study.

To develop and test the validity of an artificial intelligence-assisted patient education material for ostomy patients. A methodological study. The study was carried out in two main stages and five steps: (1) determining the information needs of ostomy patients, (2) creating educational content, (3) converting the educational content into patient education material, (4) validation of patient education material based on expert review and (5) measuring the readability of the patient education material. We used ChatGPT 4.0 to determine the information needs and create patient education material content, and Publuu Online Flipbook Maker was used to convert the educational content into patient education material. Understandability and applicability scores were assessed using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool submitted to 10 expert reviews. The tool inter-rater reliability was determined via the intraclass correlation coefficient. Readability was analysed using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning Fog Index and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook formula. The mean Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool understandability score of the patient education material was 81.91%, and the mean Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool actionability score was 85.33%. The scores for the readability indicators were calculated to be Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level: 8.53, Gunning Fog: 10.9 and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook: 7.99. The AI-assisted patient education material for ostomy patients provided accurate information with understandable and actionable responses to patients, but is at a high reading level for patients. Artificial intelligence-assisted patient education materials can significantly increase patient information rates in the health system regarding ease of practice. Artificial intelligence is currently not an option for creating patient education material, and their impact on the patient is not fully known. The study followed the STROBE checklist guidelines. No patient or public contributions.

Oral Bacteria Counter Using Dielectrophoretic Impedance Measurement: Usefulness and Usage Considerations.

The oral cavity hosts numerous bacteria that are associated with various systemic diseases. The Oral Bacteria Counter (PHC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), a microorganism quantitative analyzer that utilizes dielectrophoretic impedance measurements, enables rapid bacterial counting and is widely used in dental practice in Japan. However, it may also detect nonviable bacteria. This study aimed to assess the impact of disinfectants, electrolytes, and viscosity on the accuracy of the Oral Bacteria Counter and to determine whether it measures non-viable bacteria similarly to viable bacteria. To evaluate the effect of the disinfectants, samples of 7% povidone-iodine (PV-I), 0.2% benzethonium chloride, 5% chlorhexidine (CHX), 0.2% CHX, 0.05% CHX, sterile water, and saline were measured using the Oral Bacteria Counter. The effect of viscosity was assessed by mixing sterile water with glycerol in various ratios and measuring the dielectrophoretic impedance of the bacterial counts at different viscosities. For the electrolyte effects, samples of Staphylococcus aureus diluted in sterile water or saline were measured using the Oral Bacteria Counter. Additionally, samples of 7% PV-I or 5% CHX diluted in sterile water or saline were measured. Bacterial counts were then measured and compared using the Oral Bacteria Counter, our developed delayed real-time polymerase chain reaction (DR-PCR) method (which quantifies only viable bacteria), and culture methods. Disinfectants such as 5% CHX and 7% PV-I produced high readings on the Oral Bacteria Counter, even when no viable bacteria were present. Higher glycerol concentrations, which increased the viscosity, resulted in lower bacterial counts. The presence of electrolytes, particularly saline, led to higher readings on the Oral Bacteria Counter, which detected both viable and non-viable bacteria, whereas DR-PCR and culture methods did not detect non-viable bacteria. The Oral Bacteria Counter may be influenced by disinfectants, viscosity, and electrolytes, leading to potential inaccuracies in bacterial quantification. For accurate bacterial measurements, it is essential to consider these factors and ideally combine the results from the Oral Bacteria Counter with methods such as DR-PCR for more reliable assessment.

Modelling and optimizing the impact resistance of engineered cementitious composites with Multiwalled carbon nanotubes using response surface methodology

Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) are highly regarded in construction owing to their tensile ductility and crack control capabilities, making them suitable for various structural applications. The accumulation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) further enhances their mechanical properties. However, there’s a significant knowledge gap concerning MWCNTs-ECC impact resistance. The objective of this study is to tackle the challenges associated with evaluating, optimizing, and predicting MWCNTs-ECC impact resistance to ensure its safe and widespread use in critical infrastructure by applying response surface methodology (RSM). Moreover, the 13 mixtures of ECC combined with several quantities of PVA fiber and MWCNTs as input elements were utilized to calculate the first (E1) and final (E2) impact energies. The findings demonstrated that the MWCNTs-ECC combinations’ impact resistance improved as the input ingredient concentrations increased. Besides, the optimum E1 and E2 of ECC combined with 1% of PVA fiber were noted by 1398 Joules and 12,956 Joules at 0.065% of MWCNTs on 28 days respectively. Furthermore, Response prediction models for E1 and E2 were created, and after being validated with an analysis of variance (ANOVA), it was determined that they had high R2 readings of 99.30% and 99.07%, correspondingly. The optimization process produced an ideal number of input variables for MWCNTs and PVA fiber, respectively, of 0.066% and 1%, with a desirability value of 100%. Moreover, it is recommended that the usage of 0.066% of MWCNTs in ECC combined with 1.0–1.50% PVA fiber provides optimum results for the construction industry.

Analisis dan Perancangan Sistem Smart Parking Berbasis RFID dengan Penggunaan Kartu Tanda Mahasiswa (KTM) untuk Mengurangi Risiko Pencurian Kendaraan

Parking issues at Universitas Prof. Dr. Hazairin, SH (UNIHAZ) highlight the inefficiency and insecurity of the current manual system. This study proposes an RFID-based smart parking system integrated with IoT technology to enhance security and efficiency. Utilizing the ESP32 microcontroller with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, the system enables real-time data communication and control of parking gates. Students can access parking by tapping their RFID-enabled ID cards (KTM), triggering gate access if registered. Security is bolstered by cameras capturing vehicle images. The RFID system offers high reading speed and durable tags, aiming to mitigate theft risks and improve user convenience. This research focuses on designing a safer, more efficient parking solution for UNIHAZ

Design of reliable and fast Schmitt trigger 10T SRAM cells using in-memory computing

Abstract Microprocessors, integrated data storage systems, and cache memories are just a few applications that can benefit from Static random access memory (SRAM). Computing In memory provides a solution for the von Neumann bottleneck problems. Simultaneously, it removes needless repeated data transmission between CPU and memory. Schmitt trigger was utilized for energy-efficient operation to get high reading and writing capacity. Two cross-coupled inverters with a transistor in between increase the design writing process. Furthermore, voltage boost logic is prioritized to maximize the node capacity. Using two dummy columns and dummy rows in RAM, the Replica technique controls the flow of signals via the core. The simulated results are compared to the designs that already exist. The simulation results show that the leakage power of the proposed design is 0.75 nw at 0.6 volts. The write static noise margin (WSNM) of the proposed cell is twice that of SEDF10T, which can be helpful for high-performance computing applications.

Proposal and Analysis of a High Read and Write Noise Margin 6T-SRAM Cell Using Novel Core Insulator Double-Gate (CIDG) MOSFETs

Proposal and Analysis of a High Read and Write Noise Margin 6T-SRAM Cell Using Novel Core Insulator Double-Gate (CIDG) MOSFETs

8568 Prevalence of Raised Blood Pressure in Individuals With 46,XY DSD: an I-DSD Registry study

Abstract Disclosure: A.K. Lucas-Herald: None. J. Bryce: None. M. Chen: None. C. Naotunna: None. M. Sepich: None. L. Tack: None. M. Cools: None. S. Poyrazoglu: None. E. Globa: None. M. Stancampiano: None. H.L. Claahsen-van der Grinten: None. T. Guran: None. Z. Yavas Abali: None. L. de Vries: None. S.E. Hannema: None. A. Guven: None. D. Janus: None. H.A. AlShaikh: None. L. Guazzarotti: None. G. Herrmann: None. U. Probst: None. N. Lenherr-Taube: None. D. Konrad: None. M.W. O’Reilly: None. M. Steigert: None. A. Ucar: None. M. Wasniewska: None. R. Coco: None. P. Holterhus: None. V.M. Schwitzgebel: None. S.F. Ahmed: None. Introduction: Males with XY Differences of Sex Development (DSD) may have an increased risk of high blood pressure and accelerated vascular ageing. It is not clear which individuals are most at risk of this. Methods: Data were obtained from centres using the International Disorders of Sex Development (I-DSD) Registry on boys and men with 46,XY DSD. Blood pressure (BP) readings were requested as well as information on risk factors for hypertension (birthweight, obesity, family history, associated malformations) as well as ongoing management of any high BP readings. Results: In total BP readings from 208 individuals with 46,XY DSD were available from 22 centres worldwide. Of these, the median (range) age at the time of the BP reading was 13 years (1, 54). In total 97 (47%) had a non-specific XY DSD; 37 (18%) had a disorder of gonadal development; 34 (16%) had a disorder of androgen synthesis; 23 (11%) had a disorder of androgen action; 14 (7%) had hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism; and 3 (1%) had a disorder of Müllerian development. There were 77 (37%) cases ≥16 years of age, of whom 7 (10%) were classified as hypertensive. The median systolic BP of those adults with an underlying DSD was 120 mmHg (90, 153). Of the 131 (63%) individuals <16 years of age, 25 (19%) had a BP > 95th centile for age and height. The median BP standard deviation score (SDS) of those children with an underlying DSD was 0.3 (-2, 3). Of the 25 children with a raised BP, 6 (24%) had a BP >99.8th centile and 19 (76%) had a BP >98th centile. Boys with disorders of gonadal development had the highest median BP SDS at 0.9, although this was not significantly different to any other condition. There were no differences in BP SDS at the time of the study according to gestation at birth, birthweight, type of underlying of condition or presence of obesity or a co-existing anomaly however BP SDS was significantly associated with age. Of the 32 with hypertension, 3 (9%) were treated with antihypertensives; 2 (6%) had an echocardiogram and none (0%) are reported to have had ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Conclusions: Up to 20% of young people with XY DSD have a BP in the hypertensive range during childhood at clinic compared to approximately 5% reported global prevalence in children. Our findings suggest that routine BP measurements should be recommended in this group as well as investigation to determine whether this is true hypertension or secondary to clinic anxiety. Management of these individuals requires adherence to international guidelines to prevent future cardiovascular damage. More research into the underlying cause of this phenomenon is required. Presentation: 6/1/2024

8568 Prevalence of Raised Blood Pressure in Individuals With 46,XY DSD: an I-DSD Registry study

Abstract Disclosure: A.K. Lucas-Herald: None. J. Bryce: None. M. Chen: None. C. Naotunna: None. M. Sepich: None. L. Tack: None. M. Cools: None. S. Poyrazoglu: None. E. Globa: None. M. Stancampiano: None. H.L. Claahsen-van der Grinten: None. T. Guran: None. Z. Yavas Abali: None. L. de Vries: None. S.E. Hannema: None. A. Guven: None. D. Janus: None. H.A. AlShaikh: None. L. Guazzarotti: None. G. Herrmann: None. U. Probst: None. N. Lenherr-Taube: None. D. Konrad: None. M.W. O’Reilly: None. M. Steigert: None. A. Ucar: None. M. Wasniewska: None. R. Coco: None. P. Holterhus: None. V.M. Schwitzgebel: None. S.F. Ahmed: None. Introduction: Males with XY Differences of Sex Development (DSD) may have an increased risk of high blood pressure and accelerated vascular ageing. It is not clear which individuals are most at risk of this. Methods: Data were obtained from centres using the International Disorders of Sex Development (I-DSD) Registry on boys and men with 46,XY DSD. Blood pressure (BP) readings were requested as well as information on risk factors for hypertension (birthweight, obesity, family history, associated malformations) as well as ongoing management of any high BP readings. Results: In total BP readings from 208 individuals with 46,XY DSD were available from 22 centres worldwide. Of these, the median (range) age at the time of the BP reading was 13 years (1, 54). In total 97 (47%) had a non-specific XY DSD; 37 (18%) had a disorder of gonadal development; 34 (16%) had a disorder of androgen synthesis; 23 (11%) had a disorder of androgen action; 14 (7%) had hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism; and 3 (1%) had a disorder of Müllerian development. There were 77 (37%) cases ≥16 years of age, of whom 7 (10%) were classified as hypertensive. The median systolic BP of those adults with an underlying DSD was 120 mmHg (90, 153). Of the 131 (63%) individuals <16 years of age, 25 (19%) had a BP > 95th centile for age and height. The median BP standard deviation score (SDS) of those children with an underlying DSD was 0.3 (-2, 3). Of the 25 children with a raised BP, 6 (24%) had a BP >99.8th centile and 19 (76%) had a BP >98th centile. Boys with disorders of gonadal development had the highest median BP SDS at 0.9, although this was not significantly different to any other condition. There were no differences in BP SDS at the time of the study according to gestation at birth, birthweight, type of underlying of condition or presence of obesity or a co-existing anomaly however BP SDS was significantly associated with age. Of the 32 with hypertension, 3 (9%) were treated with antihypertensives; 2 (6%) had an echocardiogram and none (0%) are reported to have had ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Conclusions: Up to 20% of young people with XY DSD have a BP in the hypertensive range during childhood at clinic compared to approximately 5% reported global prevalence in children. Our findings suggest that routine BP measurements should be recommended in this group as well as investigation to determine whether this is true hypertension or secondary to clinic anxiety. Management of these individuals requires adherence to international guidelines to prevent future cardiovascular damage. More research into the underlying cause of this phenomenon is required. Presentation: 6/1/2024

Passage efficiency through fishways of species of the family Cyprinidae and their management implications for fragmented rivers

The contemporary management of fragmented river systems is in a trade-off between the societal benefits of instream barriers (e.g. hydropower, flood risk management) and the ecological harms of their adverse impacts on fish populations. The consequent fragmentation can be mitigated through fishway construction, with mitigation performance measured using species-specific passage rates and efficiencies. There is, however, a bias in passage efficiency studies towards diadromous fishes and, although fish of the Cyprinidae family play a significant role in the fish assemblages of rivers worldwide, their passage efficiencies are poorly understood. Here, systematic review and meta-analyses assessed the passage efficiencies of cyprinid fishes through fishways that have been measured using telemetry methods. Passive integrated transponder (PIT) telemetry was the most common evaluation method of passage efficiency due to their high read rates and relatively low costs versus alternative telemetry methods. These methods revealed cyprinid passage efficiencies were highest through vertical slot fishways and lowest through nature-like constructions, with overall passage rates comparing favourably to anadromous salmonid fishes. Fish were most active during spring and summer, with passage and associated movements often related to spawning. Passage rates of non-native fishes were also higher than for native fishes. Despite the growing acknowledgment of how fishways influence potamodromous fish dispersal and distribution in rivers, passage data remain scarce, preventing managers and policy-makers from making informed decisions on optimal passage solutions for multiple fish species in highly fragmented rivers.

AN ETHEREUM-BASED ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD SYSTEM WITH SQL QUERY SUPPORT

Blockchains’ power of decentralization, immutability, and transparency has found its application in many fields. The blockchain is an append-only structure. As the blockchain grows, accessing blocks from the past in an efficient manner has become a challenging task. Further, blockchains were not initially envisioned to be read-heavy systems. With the passage of time, more and more applications are using blockchains and therefore blockchains need to provide active support for high read loads concerning the history state as well. To facilitate data querying in blockchain, we have proposed an SQL query processing feature in the Ethereum blockchain through a decentralized application. More specifically, we build an Ethereum-based Electronic Health Record (EHR) system with SQL query support. The following approaches for query processing have been explored and implemented: (i) linearly scanning blockchain, (ii) scanning only from a user-specified block, (iii) replication in database, (iv) indexing in a database, and (v) using smart contracts. Our timing analysis across these implementations reveals that the smart contracts-based approach has reasonable performance gains compared the other approaches.

Is Information About Musculoskeletal Malignancies From Large Language Models or Web Resources at a Suitable Reading Level for Patients?

Patients and caregivers may experience immense distress when receiving the diagnosis of a primary musculoskeletal malignancy and subsequently turn to internet resources for more information. It is not clear whether these resources, including Google and ChatGPT, offer patients information that is readable, a measure of how easy text is to understand. Since many patients turn to Google and artificial intelligence resources for healthcare information, we thought it was important to ascertain whether the information they find is readable and easy to understand. The objective of this study was to compare readability of Google search results and ChatGPT answers to frequently asked questions and assess whether these sources meet NIH recommendations for readability. (1) What is the readability of ChatGPT-3.5 as a source of patient information for the three most common primary bone malignancies compared with top online resources from Google search? (2) Do ChatGPT-3.5 responses and online resources meet NIH readability guidelines for patient education materials? This was a cross-sectional analysis of the 12 most common online questions about osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma. To be consistent with other studies of similar design that utilized national society frequently asked questions lists, questions were selected from the American Cancer Society and categorized based on content, including diagnosis, treatment, and recovery and prognosis. Google was queried using all 36 questions, and top responses were recorded. Author types, such as hospital systems, national health organizations, or independent researchers, were recorded. ChatGPT-3.5 was provided each question in independent queries without further prompting. Responses were assessed with validated reading indices to determine readability by grade level. An independent t-test was performed with significance set at p < 0.05. Google (n = 36) and ChatGPT-3.5 (n = 36) answers were recorded, 12 for each of the three cancer types. Reading grade levels based on mean readability scores were 11.0 ± 2.9 and 16.1 ± 3.6, respectively. This corresponds to the eleventh grade reading level for Google and a fourth-year undergraduate student level for ChatGPT-3.5. Google answers were more readable across all individual indices, without differences in word count. No difference in readability was present across author type, question category, or cancer type. Of 72 total responses across both search modalities, none met NIH readability criteria at the sixth-grade level. Google material was presented at a high school reading level, whereas ChatGPT-3.5 was at an undergraduate reading level. The readability of both resources was inadequate based on NIH recommendations. Improving readability is crucial for better patient understanding during cancer treatment. Physicians should assess patients' needs, offer them tailored materials, and guide them to reliable resources to prevent reliance on online information that is hard to understand. Level III, prognostic study.

Abstract B105: Quality and Accessibility of Online Information Regarding CAR-T Therapy in Hematologic Malignancies

Abstract Background Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies have changed the treatment landscape for various hematologic malignancies and are currently under development and being tested in clinical trials for multiple solid tumors. Given that patients commonly use the internet as a source of health-related information, we sought to investigate the quality, understandability, and readability of online information regarding CAR-T therapy. Methods We conducted a search in a commonly used search engine (Google) of five pre-determined search terms to identify 100 unique web pages regarding CAR-T therapy. Scientific publications were excluded. Validated instruments were used to ascertain health information quality (DISCERN), understandability (Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool; PEMAT), and readability (Flesch-Kincaid, Gunning Fog, and SMOG indices). Results were summarized using descriptive statistics. Results Among the 100 web pages reviewed, 68% originated from academic medical centers, and 64% included links to clinical trials. Only 11% of the web pages included references to primary literature. 17% of web pages were available in a language other than English, with Spanish (15%) and Arabic (7%) being the most common. Moderate-to-high quality information (DISCERN ≥ 3) was presented by 47% of web pages, and only 31% of web pages were considered understandable (PEMAT ≥ 70%). Average readability scores were 10.6 (SD = 2.09), 12.6 (SD = 2.3), and 13.1 (SD = 1.7) using the Flesch-Kincaid, Gunning Fog, and SMOG indices, respectively. Conclusion Our study highlights that online information for CAR-T therapies commonly features low-quality health information that is typically not understandable to the general population. Further, contrary to recommendations from federal agencies and medical societies, available online information requires, on average, high school reading comprehension. Healthcare teams and stakeholders should strive to improve existing content and ensure patients have access to trusted, high-quality information given the unique complexities, processes, and toxicities associated with receiving CAR-T therapy. Citation Format: Luis C. Garcia, Ana I. Velázquez. Quality and Accessibility of Online Information Regarding CAR-T Therapy in Hematologic Malignancies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B105.

Primed and ready: nanopore metabarcoding can now recover highly accurate consensus barcodes that are generally indel-free

BackgroundDNA metabarcoding applies high-throughput sequencing approaches to generate numerous DNA barcodes from mixed sample pools for mass species identification and community characterisation. To date, however, most metabarcoding studies employ second-generation sequencing platforms like Illumina, which are limited by short read lengths and longer turnaround times. While third-generation platforms such as the MinION (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) can sequence longer reads and even in real-time, application of these platforms for metabarcoding has remained limited possibly due to the relatively high read error rates as well as the paucity of specialised software for processing such reads.ResultsWe show that this is no longer the case by performing nanopore-based, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) metabarcoding on 34 zooplankton bulk samples, and benchmarking the results against conventional Illumina MiSeq sequencing. Nanopore R10.3 sequencing chemistry and super accurate (SUP) basecalling model reduced raw read error rates to ~ 4%, and consensus calling with amplicon_sorter (without further error correction) generated metabarcodes that were ≤ 1% erroneous. Although Illumina recovered a higher number of molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) than nanopore sequencing (589 vs. 471), we found no significant differences in the zooplankton communities inferred between the sequencing platforms. Importantly, 406 of 444 (91.4%) shared MOTUs between Illumina and nanopore were also found to be free of indel errors, and 85% of the zooplankton richness could be recovered after just 12–15 h of sequencing.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that nanopore sequencing can generate metabarcodes with Illumina-like accuracy, and we are the first study to show that nanopore metabarcodes are almost always indel-free. We also show that nanopore metabarcoding is viable for characterising species-rich communities rapidly, and that the same ecological conclusions can be obtained regardless of the sequencing platform used. Collectively, our study inspires confidence in nanopore sequencing and paves the way for greater utilisation of nanopore technology in various metabarcoding applications.

Accuracy and role of consumer facing wearable technology for continuous monitoring during endoscopic procedures.

Consumer facing wearable devices capture significant amounts of biometric data. The primary aim of this study is to determine the accuracy of consumer-facing wearable technology for continuous monitoring compared to standard anesthesia monitoring during endoscopic procedures. Secondary aims were to assess patient and provider perceptions of these devices in clinical settings. Patients undergoing endoscopy with anesthesia support from June 2021 to June 2022 were provided a smartwatch (Apple Watch Series 7, Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA) and accessories including continuous ECG monitor and pulse oximeter (Qardio Inc., San Francisco, CA) for the duration of their procedure. Vital sign data from the wearable devices was compared to in-room anesthesia monitors. Concordance with anesthesia monitoring was assessed with interclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Surveys were then distributed to patients and clinicians to assess patient and provider preferences regarding the use of the wearable devices during procedures. 292 unique procedures were enrolled with a median anesthesia duration of 34 min (IQR 25-47). High fidelity readings were successfully recorded with wearable devices for heart rate in 279 (95.5%) cases, oxygen in 203 (69.5%), and respiratory rate in 154 (52.7%). ICCs for watch and accessories were 0.54 (95% CI 0.46-0.62) for tachycardia, 0.03 (95% CI 0-0.14) for bradycardia, and 0.33 (0.22-0.43) for oxygen desaturation. Patients generally felt the devices were more accurate (56.3% vs. 20.0% agree, p < 0.001) and more permissible (53.9% vs. 33.3% agree, p < 0.001) to wear during a procedure than providers. Smartwatches perform poorly for continuous data collection compared to gold standard anesthesia monitoring. Refinement in software development is required if these devices are to be used for continuous, intensive vital sign monitoring.

P188 HYPERTENSION IN COVID-19 VACCINATED POPULATION: SUDAN MMM 2022

Introduction: Little is available in the literature about high blood pressure readings after COVID-19 vaccination. Although all launched vaccines used different mechanisms of action other than the primary disease, hypertension development after receiving COVID-19 vaccination is still questionable. In this study, we will assess the predictability of utilizing the COVID-19 vaccine in the development of hypertension. Methods: Utilizing Sudan MMM 2022 data, participants’ BP was measured. Hypertension is defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg. Continuous data was presented in mean and standard deviation, and categorical data was presented in frequencies and percentages. Logistic regression models (unadjusted and adjusted) were used to predict high blood pressure readings. Result: A total of 13,938 (42.6% were male, and the mean age was 34.9±14.6 years) patients were included in the study. The prevalence of associated medical conditions, diabetes, heart attack, heart failure, arrhythmia, and stroke were 6.2%, 1.2%, 1.5%, 0.8%, 5.0%, and 1.1%, respectively. The mean SBP was 117.8±17.3, and the mean DBP was 78.1±11.0. Of the population, 4,314 (31.0%) patients have received COVID-19 vaccination. The vaccinated patients were older (37.4±14.6 vs. 33.8±14.5, p&lt;0.001), more frequently males (48.8% vs. 39.9%, p &lt;0.001), and diabetic (8.3% vs. 5.3%, p&lt;0.001). The incidence of SBP≥140 mmHg, DBP≥90 mmHg, and BP≥140/90 was 9.76%, 12.66%, and 5.73% respectively. The mean SBP is higher within vaccinated patients (119.1±17.3 vs. 117.2±17.3 p&lt;0.001) as well as mean DBP (78.9±11.0 vs. 77.7±11.3 p&lt;0.001). Using unadjusted logistic regression, vaccination use significantly predicted both SBP≥140 (OR 1.24, 95%CI 1.11-1.39, p&lt;0.001) and DBP≥90 (OR 1.12, 95%CI 1.01-1.25, p=0.032). However, this significant finding didn’t hold after adjustment for known confounders. Conclusion: The COVID-19 vaccine reduced the mortality rate significantly. Although mean SBP and DBP were high within the vaccinated group, receiving the vaccine failed to predict the SBP≥140 and DBP≥90 in the adjusted model.

P190 POST-COVID INFECTION AS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR OF DIASTOLIC HYPERTENSION IN AFRICAN POPULATION: SUDAN MMM 2022

Introduction: Several clinical studies reported a mutual relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and high blood pressure (BP) readings. It was established that hypertension is associated with increased COVID-19 severity, morbidity, and mortality; however, its effect on the future blood pressure reading and development of hypertension is not apparent. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytic study based on MMM 2022, Sudan data. The targeted population was &gt;18 years old. Blood pressure was measured on 3 consecutive measures. Participants who had a history of hypertension were excluded. Systolic hypertension was defined if systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg, and diastolic hypertension was defined if diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg. Continuous data was presented in mean and standard deviation, and categorical data was presented in frequency and percentages. Logistic regression models (unadjusted and adjusted) were used to predict high blood pressure readings. Results: A total of 14,402, (42.92%) were male and the mean age was (35.1±14.7 years) patients were included in this study. The prevalence of associated medical conditions, diabetes, heart attack, heart failure, arrhythmia, and stroke were 6.3%, 1.12%, 1.5%, 0.8%, 4.8%, and 1.1% respectively. The mean SBP was (118.88±17.42) mmHg, and the mean DBP was (78.89±11.0) mmHg. Furthermore, the COVID-19 infection affected (4.48%) of this study population. They were older (36.8±12.2 vs. 35.0±14.8, p=0.003), more frequently males (56.1% vs. 42.3%, p &lt;0.001), and diabetic (8.8% vs. 6.2%, p=0.006). The incidence of systolic hypertension and diastolic hypertension, in the population, was (10.98%) and (14.57%) respectively. The post-COVID patients had a significantly higher mean DBP (80.0±10.7 vs. 78.8±11.0, p=0.008) but not the SBP. Using unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression, the odd ratio is significant for predicting high DBP post-COVID infection (table 1). Conclusions: Post-COVID infection carries a huge burden on healthy individuals. After adjusting for the possible confounders, post-COVID-19 infection was an independent predictor of diastolic hypertension in the African population.

In the Belly of Text Complexity: Unravelling the Nexus between Lexical Density and Readability

This study set out to explore the link between lexical density (LD) as a tool for determining text complexity and the general readability of texts (in this study, texts assigned to Senior High School learners in Ghana). To clearly establish this link, the levels of LD of assigned texts have to be first determined, and then, compared with their corresponding readability values. To that end, Ure’s (1971) LD formula and Halliday’s (1985b) LD formula have been used to determine the LD values of the sampled texts. Gunning’s (1952) and Flesch’s (1948) readability indices have been used to determine the readability values of same assigned texts. LD values for the sampled texts were found to be generally very high (above the widely agreed minimum of 40%); as their corresponding readability values were low. The correlation between LD and readability is therefore adequately revealed: high LD translates directly into low readability while low LD translates directly into high readability. Implicatively, low readability of texts definitely affects learner progress negatively. Keywords: lexical density, readability, Senior High School learners in Ghana, Ure’s (1971) LD formula, Halliday’s (1985) LD formula, Gunning’s (1952) readability index, Flesch’s (1948) readability index

Assessment of the Quality and Readability of Web-Based Arabic Health Information on Halitosis: Infodemiological Study.

Halitosis, characterized by an undesirable mouth odor, represents a common concern. This study aims to assess the quality and readability of web-based Arabic health information on halitosis as the internet is becoming a prominent global source of medical information. A total of 300 Arabic websites were retrieved from Google using 3 commonly used phrases for halitosis in Arabic. The quality of the websites was assessed using benchmark criteria established by the Journal of the American Medical Association, the DISCERN tool, and the presence of the Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct (HONcode). The assessment of readability (Flesch Reading Ease [FRE], Simple Measure of Gobbledygook, and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level [FKGL]) was conducted using web-based readability indexes. A total of 127 websites were examined. Regarding quality assessment, 87.4% (n=111) of websites failed to fulfill any Journal of the American Medical Association requirements, highlighting a lack of authorship (authors' contributions), attribution (references), disclosure (sponsorship), and currency (publication date). The DISCERN tool had a mean score of 34.55 (SD 7.46), with the majority (n=72, 56.6%) rated as moderate quality, 43.3% (n=55) as having a low score, and none receiving a high DISCERN score, indicating a general inadequacy in providing quality health information to make decisions and treatment choices. No website had HONcode certification, emphasizing the concern over the credibility and trustworthiness of these resources. Regarding readability assessment, Arabic halitosis websites had high readability scores, with 90.5% (n=115) receiving an FRE score ≥80, 98.4% (n=125) receiving a Simple Measure of Gobbledygook score <7, and 67.7% (n=86) receiving an FKGL score <7. There were significant correlations between the DISCERN scores and the quantity of words (P<.001) and sentences (P<.001) on the websites. Additionally, there was a significant relationship (P<.001) between the number of sentences and FKGL and FRE scores. While readability was found to be very good, indicating that the information is accessible to the public, the quality of Arabic halitosis websites was poor, reflecting a significant gap in providing reliable and comprehensive health information. This highlights the need for improving the availability of high-quality materials to ensure Arabic-speaking populations have access to reliable information about halitosis and its treatment options, tying quality and availability together as critical for effective health communication.

A Preliminary Study of Classroom Observation LICC—Taking TU Youyou Awarded Nobel Prize as an Example

Based on the practice of high school English reading teaching, this paper firstly introduces the information about the high school English reading teaching demonstration lesson; secondly, it uses scaffolding to explain the different types of scaffolding that the teacher builds for students’ learning in the demonstration lesson and the operation steps; furthermore, it adopts the four dimensions of students’ learning, teachers’ instruction, nature of the curriculum, and classroom culture to observe and analyse the demonstration lesson of the high school English teaching—Tu Youyou Awarded the Nobel Prize; finally, the demonstration lesson was commented and summarized.