Concept Hierarchy Research Articles

Memahami QS Al-A’raf Ayat 56 mengenai Perampasan Lahan: Telaah Penafsiran Kontekstual menurut Pendekatan Abdullah Saeed

One of the human practices that cause damage to nature is land tenure or land grabbing which is then exploited in such a way for economic gain. This is very different from the text of the Quran which encourages humans to maintain environmental balance. In Q.S. A'raf verse 56, when viewed from the concept of Abdullah Saeed's Hierarchy of Values, the verse falls into Instructional Value, the impact of which will have two meanings. The universal meaning and the particular meaning. The purpose of this study is to find out the universal and particular meanings and relate them to the phenomenon of land grabbing. Thus, the universal meaning of verse 56 of QS Al A'raf is not to interfere with common rights that can cause harm to anyone. The particular value of the verse is the prohibition of land tenure because it is closer to indications of land grabbing that reduce access and movement of surrounding communities who may have felt marginalized and have no power to fight back or even just protest.

Kerangka Hukum Harmonisasi Peraturan Daerah Dalam Perspektif Teori Hirarki Perundang-Undangan

In Indonesia, it is known that there is a hierarchy of statutory regulations, known as the hierarchy of statutory regulations, which is based on the provisions of Article 7 paragraph (1) of Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011. This hierarchy of laws and regulations has the consequence of the provision that lower laws and regulations must not conflict with higher laws and regulations. Regional regulations as part of statutory regulations are also subject to this hierarchical concept. To guarantee the concept of hierarchy, it was then determined that there would be harmonization of regional regulations which were standardized in Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011, which was last amended by Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022. However, the provisions for the harmonization process contained in the Law were not accompanied by the establishment of implementing regulations that discussed in detail the procedures and methods for harmonization. This article will discuss further the position of the harmonization process for regional regulations in theory and how the process of harmonizing regional regulations is implemented in practice in Indonesia. So it is hoped that in the future recommendations will be able to be formulated for the process of harmonizing regional regulations which will make a positive contribution to efforts to overcome overregulation in the region.

Axial crushing and energy absorption of graded hierarchical hexagonal tubes

The concept of both hierarchy and gradient are incorporated into thin-walled hexagonal tubes for a configuration with optimum crashworthiness and energy absorption. Graded hierarchical hexagonal (GHH) tubes are developed by replacing the corners of an original hexagonal tube with a series of micro hexagonal cells. The total net cross-sectional area as well as the mass are kept the same for all the GHH tubes. The axial crushing behavior of the GHH tubes is investigated in terms of deformation modes, crushing forces and energy absorption. Theoretical solutions are also derived to predict the mean crushing forces (MCFs) of the GHH tubes. Two deformation modes have been identified, a locally layer-by-layer folding deformation (Mode-L) and a globally buckling-like deformation (Mode-G). The hierarchical and graded parameters have significant but quite different influences on the crushing behavior of GHH tubes. The MCF and the specific energy absorption (SEA) can be significantly improved with reasonably hierarchical and graded arrangements, while the initial peak force (PF) remains almost constant.

Combo-Chain: Towards a hierarchical attribute-based access control system for IoT with smart contract and sharding technique

The Internet of Things (IoT) provides a collaborative environment among different entities (i.e., users, IoT devices, sensors, applications, etc.) to access resources. Despite the benefits that IoT technology brings to individuals, society, and industry, this technology faces a critical challenge in controlling access to various resources in IoT environments. To address this challenge, we propose Combo-Chain, an blockchain-based access control system deeply rooted in the concepts of the attribute-based access control (ABAC) model, smart contracts, and sharding. Combo-Chain introduces the concept of hierarchy for both subject attributes and object attributes to enhance flexibility and dynamicity when specifying ABAC policies, simplifying policy and attribute management. It not only manages access policies but also attributes by deploying a set of smart contracts. Furthermore, Combo-Chain utilizes sharding technique to distribute the overhead associated with storing and managing both access policies and attributes. Sharding also helps Combo-Chain to distribute the computational overhead when evaluating access requests among two groups of nodes, addressing the issues of low scalability and poor performance often associated with blockchain technology. Combo-Chain is implemented on a private Ethereum platform, and the experimental results demonstrate the superiority of Combo-Chain compared to existing blockchain-based access control systems.

Analisis Kepribadian Tokoh Alara Dalam Novel Lara Rasa Karya Nureesh Vhalega Berdasarkan Teori Kebutuhan Hierarki Maslow

The purpose of this research is to analyze the personality of Alara. The material objects used in the novel entitled "Lara Rasa" by Nureesh Vhalega. By using a literary psychology approach. The analytical method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. The data obtained in this research includes all the phenomena in the novel. This phenomenon can be activities, characteristics and relationships, through critical analysis of the novel "Lara Rasa" and further analysis. This finding was obtained due to the concept of Hierarchy of Needs from Maslow. The five needs that form this hierarchy are (1) Physiological Needs, (2) Needs for Security, (3) Needs for love and Existence, (4) Needs for Appreciation, (5) The need for self-actualization. Aims to reveal personality attitudes by understanding the characters in the novel

Liver resection versus radiofrequency ablation or trans-arterial chemoembolization for early-stage (BCLC A) oligo-nodular hepatocellular carcinoma: meta-analysis.

The 2022 Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) algorithm does not recommend liver resection (LR) in BCLC A patients with oligo-nodular (two or three nodules ≤3 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This sharply contrasts with the therapeutic hierarchy concept, implying a precise treatment order exists within each BCLC stage. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of LR versus radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in BCLC A patients. A meta-analysis adhering to PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane Handbook was performed. All RCT, cohort and case-control studies that compared LR versus RFA or TACE in oligo-nodular BCLC A HCC published between January 2000 and October 2023 were comprehensively searched on PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and China Biology Medicine databases. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) at 3 and 5 years. Risk ratio (RR) was computed as a measure of treatment effect (OS and DFS benefit) to calculate common and random effects estimates for meta-analyses with binary outcome data. 2601 patients from 14 included studies were analysed (LR = 1227, RFA = 686, TACE = 688). There was a significant 3- and 5-year OS benefit of LR over TACE (RR = 0.55, 95% c.i. 0.44 to 0.69, P < 0.001 and RR 0.57, 95% c.i. 0.36 to 0.90, P = 0.030, respectively), while there was no significant 3- and 5-year OS benefit of LR over RFA (RR = 0.78, 95% c.i. 0.37 to 1.62, P = 0.452 and RR 0.74, 95% c.i. 0.50 to 1.09, P = 0.103, respectively). However, a significant 3- and 5-year DFS benefit of LR over RFA was found (RR = 0.70, 95% c.i. 0.54 to 0.93, P = 0.020 and RR 0.82, 95% c.i. 0.72 to 0.95, P = 0.015, respectively). A single study comparing LR and TACE regarding DFS showed a significant superiority of LR. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale quality of studies was high in eight (57%) and moderate in six (43%). In BCLC A oligo-nodular HCC patients, LR should be preferred to RFA or TACE (therapeutic hierarchy concept). Additional comparative cohort studies are urgently needed to increase the certainty of this evidence.

Deep Mining of E-commerce Consumer Behavior Data Based on Concept Hierarchy Tree

Deep Mining of E-commerce Consumer Behavior Data Based on Concept Hierarchy Tree

The language of power: Interpersonal perceptions of sense of power, dominance, and prestige based on word usage

We examined whether people can accurately judge the experienced power, dominance, and prestige of others based on short texts, and what linguistic cues are related to these hierarchy-related variables. Past research suggests that personality is reflected in language, but hierarchy—another important feature in human relationships—has not been fully considered. In two studies with a zero-acquaintance setting, judges ( N1/2 = 105/202) read self-descriptions of speakers ( N1/2 = 200/200) and completed peer ratings of speakers’ power, dominance, and prestige. Speakers completed the same scales as self-ratings. We found substantial associations between the hierarchy concepts and several word categories (e.g., sense of power was negatively related to tentative words in self- and peer reports). For power and prestige, judges and speakers used the same linguistic cues for their assessments. Further, judges converged strongly in their assessments and showed high self-other agreement for all variables. We conclude that social hierarchy concepts are enacted in language and can be perceived from minimal verbal information. The findings show the importance of distinguishing between various hierarchy concepts when analyzing language correlates and have implications for testing power theories with linguistic material and the understanding of perceptions regarding hierarchy differences and following downstream consequences.

Upbringing according to Values: An Analysis of Grimm’s Tale “Hansel and Gretel” in accordance with the Theories of Max Scheler and Milton Rokeach

The article aims to show how the message of one of the most popular fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm, Hansel and Grethel, can be read from the point of view of upbringing according to values. To this end, the analysis of fairy tales was made based on the phenomenological concept of an unchanging hierarchy of the values of Max Scheler, and on the theory of Milton Rokeach, assuming that the individual value system develops through learning. Apart from Bettelheim’s well-known interpretation, the analysis of the fairy tales revealed an idealistic message: that the experience of anomy, a reverse hierarchy of values and negative values, can be overcame by the effort to find an existing apriori universal system of values. In this context the most important developmental task is the ability to choose proper values.

Local and Scientific Knowledge Dialogue in Rice Farming Practice in Aceh Besar District

As government partners, it is appropriate that Keujruen blang and agricultural extension workers as facilitators of the government in the agricultural sector must have the same meaning in agricultural practice activities. It aims to achieve the mission of national development embodied into food security priorities through sustainable agricultural agitation. Collaboration between extension workers and customary institutions can create effective agricultural practices to increase the income and standard of living of farming communities. The focus of this study is to analyze the meaning of agricultural practices owned by extension workers and customary institutions in Sukamakmur Aceh Besar sub-district by understanding the role of each actor. To analyze the meaning of agricultural practices for extension workers and customary institutions, this study uses the concept of hierarchy of meaning contained in the theory of Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM). This research is presented with qualitative methods with ethnographic design. The place of research was conducted in Sukamakmur District, Aceh Besar. This research was conducted from March to September 2023 through several stages. The determination of informants is done purposively. The analysis used is Ethnograpic Content Ananlysis (ECA). Validity in this study was carried out using data triangulation. The results of the study explained that coordinating the meaning of agricultural practices between extension workers and traditional keujruen blang institutions can be assessed from the role of each actor. The coordination of the meaning of agricultural practices between keujruen blang and extension workers with CMM theory shows the similarity of the meaning of agricultural practices by extension workers and keujruen blang, namely realizing sustainable agriculture through the roles of each actor. The role of keujruen blang to realize sustainable agriculture is by maintaining customs in rice field activities, while the role of extension workers to realize sustainable agriculture is by focusing on organic farming.

Enhancing the Competitiveness of AI Technology-Based Startups in the Digital Era

Artificial Intelligence (AI) startups possess four key attributes; being small enterprises, adopting AI technology, undergoing digital transformation, and using big data systems to enhance their competitiveness. This study aims to identify the key influencing factors needed to enhance the competitiveness of AI technology-based startups and to suggest a decision-making model to improve the technology and business competitiveness of AI startups in the digital era. To achieve this, the hierarchy concept framework was built with four evaluation areas based on the mechanism-based view theory, and the 16 evaluation factors that can influence were identified through existing literature, combining factors related to the digital transformation, technological application, and business competitiveness of the startups. These factors were analyzed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) by the survey, targeting experts in South Korea. The analysis results indicate that the subject area was the most crucial for the business competitiveness of AI startups. It was also revealed that the subject’s strategic mind is the most significant factor to AI startups’ success. In the case of two control groups, categorized as ‘AI experts’ and ‘startup experts’, AI experts chose the subject as the most important area, whereas startup experts selected the environment, and significant differences were observed in all other factors. The results of this study will provide implications for strengthening the business competitiveness of AI startups and factors important for the growth of AI startups in this era.

Testing a conceptual Hierarchy of Effects model of food marketing exposure and associations with children and adolescents' diet-related outcomes.

Children's exposure to unhealthy food marketing contributes to poor diets by influencing the foods that children like, request, buy and consume. This study aimed to use confirmatory mediational analyses to test a hypothetical model of marketing effects, to better understand the mechanisms behind food marketing's impacts on children. Children responded to a cross-sectional online survey about their attitudes towards, and purchase and consumption behaviours of, ten frequently promoted food/beverage brands and their media use. Structural equation modelling tested a priori potential pathways for the effects of food marketing exposure on children's diets. 10-16-year-old children (n 400). Australia. There was a significant positive correlation between children's commercial screen media use and their attitudes towards brands (related to perceived social norms) and their brand purchasing behaviours, including their own purchases and requests to parents. The use of strategies to avoid advertising in commercial screen media reduced but did not remove the association between media use and brand purchases. Other brand exposures (on clothing, outdoor advertising, sponsorships) had a positive association with children's perceived social norms about brands and their brand purchases and requests. Non-commercial screen media use was not associated with any brand-related outcomes. Commercial screen media use and other brand exposures were strongly positively associated with children's perceptions and purchasing behaviours of frequently marketed food/beverages. Regulations to restrict children's exposures to food marketing on-screen and through other media are required to reduce the effect of marketing exposure on children's food purchasing behaviours.

Методологические принципы определения направлений развития первичной медико-санитарной помощи в Российской Федерации на основе когнитивной матрицы.

The main approaches to assessing the level of development of primary health care (PHC) in the Russian Federation generally correspond to global trends, however, to a greater extent it is still concentrated on individual areas and not fully systematized. To solve this problem and create a common methodological basis for determining the most acceptable classification features for the Russian Federation, allowing to verify the current state of PHC, identify problem areas and gaps in its development, as well as to form priorities for scientific and practical research and public policy, it seems appropriate to develop a unified cognitive matrix of taxonomic features for the analysis and evaluation of PHC based on at the country level. O b j e c t i v e . To develop a cognitive matrix of taxonomic features for the analysis and evaluation of PHC in the Russian Federation based on international approaches to assessing the level of PHC development, the conceptual structural hierarchy and concrete steps to achieve the targets laid down in the strategic documents of the Russian Federation and elements of the healthcare system studied in scientific researches. M a t e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s . Based on the previously prepared analytical review of WHO strategic documents, scientific research and publications [1, 2] by correlating with them on the principles of semantic or logical identity attributes, indicators, criteria or measures that determine the directions for research and evaluation of the current level of PHC development and directions of its prospective development, a content analysis of domestic publications (n = 41,824) with subsequent terminological adaptation. R e s u l t s . A cognitive matrix of taxonomic features has been developed to analyze and assess the current level of PHC development in the Russian Federation, as well as to search for existing gaps for concentrating the efforts of health policy makers and the scientific community in solving the problems of its long-term development. C o n c l u s i o n . The cognitive matrix of taxonomic features for the analysis and evaluation of PHC in the Russian Federation is a working tool for researchers, specialists of executive and legislative authorities in the field of health protection, experts in the field of health care and public health, allowing to determine the degree of study of certain areas of PHC, to identify gaps and unresolved legal provisions that create obstacles to its effective functioning and long-term development, directions for new fundamental and applied research, to unify approaches to determining priorities in the implementation of public policy.

Land use classification system in Bangladesh: Inconsistencies, their planning implications, and the way forward

Abstract A unified land use classification system with mutually exclusive definitions of each land use category helps to avoid inconsistencies in the planning process and, most importantly, ensures effective implementation of development control tools. In Bangladesh, the planning authorities prepare land use plans by independently deciding the land use classes. This study aims to explore the nature of inconsistencies in the land use classification systems followed by different planning institutions in Bangladesh and understand their corresponding consequences. To conduct the study, land use plans prepared by different planning institutions have been collected. Based on descriptive analysis, the study shows that the types of land use classes in land use plans change over time, between administrative units, and in different parts of the country. Even authorities are not consistent in maintaining a classification system in their subsequent plans. Moreover, the plans retain ambiguous definitions of land use classes. The classification and definitions of the land use classes are not well linked with different national acts, rules, and policies relating to environmental and natural conservation, which makes it difficult to control development and protect natural, environmental, and cultural resources. This study has the potential to help us understand the importance of a unified land use classification system. Utilizing concept hierarchy, the study has also developed a system for land use classification in Bangladesh that will assist in future research, planning, and policymaking.

Frontier-market economies as a new group of the financial periphery: patterns and transmission channels of global shocks

This paper seeks to fill a gap in the literature on frontier market economies (FMEs) with the following two research questions: (i) Which are the drivers of FMEs’ integration into financial globalisation? (ii) What explains the greater vulnerability of FMEs compared to emerging market economies (EMEs) to global financial shocks? We argue that the emergence of FMEs as a new group of the financial periphery fills a vacuum left for global investors by the major EMEs, whose spreads declined in the past decade due to high foreign currency reserve accumulation and other EME-related factors. To answer the second question, we introduce the concept of financial hierarchy as a second layer of the currency hierarchy: while the currency hierarchy is organized by the different degrees of liquidity premia currencies offer, in the financial hierarchy, not currencies, but financial assets are placed according to the nominal yield. While FMEs’ currencies have a lower liquidity premium than those of EMEs, the difference between them is not vast – as both are not accepted at the international level – and are insufficient to explain FMEs’ greater vulnerability to external financial shocks. We argue in the paper that this vulnerability stems mainly from the position of FMEs’ at the bottom of the financial hierarchy, which results in a different pattern of international financial integration.

Measuring Race, Space and the Citizen: Anthropology and Statistics in Early Post-Independence India

This article explores how Indian anthropologists employed abstract concepts of ‘space’ and ‘distance’ in the mid twentieth century to reconfigure the racial scientific approaches to caste and community. Looking at the relationship between statistics and physical anthropology via the work of P.C. Mahalanobis and D.N. Majumdar in the United Provinces in the mid to late 1940s, the article explores how conceptual (or Euclidian) space interacted with geopolitical space (lived distances) in definitions of caste. The combination of anthropology and statistics produced new measurements of difference and distance that, in turn, privileged Brahmanical conceptions of hierarchy, reinforced the idea of spatial homogeneity and contributed to new ethnic definitions of the citizen.

Drawing Order Diagrams Through Two-Dimension Extension

Ordinal real-world data such as concept hierarchies, ontologies, genealogies, or task dependencies in scheduling often has the property to not only contain pairwise comparable, but also incomparable elements. Order diagrams provide an important tool for understanding and thus discovering knowledge in such data. Easily readable drawings of such order diagrams are hard to come by, even for small ordered sets. Many attempts were made to transfer classical graph drawing approaches to order diagrams. Although these methods produce satisfying results for some ordered sets, they unfortunately perform poorly in general. In this work, we present the novel algorithm DimDraw to decompose an ordered set (e.g., a concept hierarchy) in linear orders and to produce a corresponding order diagram. This algorithm is based on a relation between the dimension of an ordered set and the bipartiteness of its transitive incompatibility graph. To evaluate the quality of the algorithm, a user study was conducted where generated drawings were compared with ones from state-of-the-art drawing algorithms.

Metaphor of Nation and Nationalism

This study extends prior theoretical discussions on metaphor as a rhetorical topos, a discourse statement, and a cognitive tool, with a particular focus on the metaphor of nation due to its enduring relevance in contemporary discourse. It explores the intricate role of metaphor in shaping, perpetuating, and challenging nationalist discourse, recognizing that metaphors possess a dual capacity to both wield power and constrain truths. The metaphors of the nation, contextualized within the CONTAINMENT metaphor framework, play a pivotal role in the construction and reinforcement of nationalist discourse. From a feminist perspective, nationalist discourse and its associated metaphors are deeply rooted in patriarchal ideals, leading to the marginalization of women and the portrayal of the nation as a patriarchal family or brotherhood. When viewed through colonial and postcolonial lenses, these metaphors reveal concepts of hierarchy and equality between nations. For instance, Rabindranath Tagore metaphorically characterizes the nation as a soulless monster, emphasizing the imperative to reject this notion in favor of fostering a more balanced community that harmonizes both body and spirit. In contrast, Thomas Hobbes employs the metaphor of the commonwealth as a Leviathan, firmly establishing a hierarchical structure that underscores the significance of obedience in the relationship between the soul and the body of the commonwealth, with the soul positioned as superior to its constituent elements. Tagore’s perspective aligns with notions of equality, anti-nationalism, and postcolonialism, whereas Hobbes’ hierarchical view could potentially justify the legitimacy of colonialism.

Null controllability and Stackelberg–Nash strategy for a $2\times 2$ system of parabolic equations

This paper is dedicated to solving a multi-objective control problem for a 2\times2 system of parabolic equations. Here, we have many objectives, possibly conflictive, and we adopt a concept of hierarchy for the controls. We have the leader control, responsible for objectives of controllability type, and the follower controls which intend to be a Nash-equilibrium with respect to some given cost functionals. The novelty here is that we formulate this problem for systems of parabolic equations, meaning that we have many variables and naturally much more objectives to accomplish.

체계기능언어학의 주기어 위계 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explicitly show how the hierarchy of periodicity in Korean texts is ana-lyzed based on Systemic Functional Linguistics.&#x0D; Methods The hierarchy of periodicity is viewed as having an expanding structure, like the flow of water, which expands into small waves, large waves, and tidal waves. It is explained that when the flow of text expands from clause to paragraph (→ chapter → text), it does not continue in a straight line, but expands like a wave in a circle. Assuming that this hierarchy of periodicity has genre differences, this paper analyzed the text of political news-paper articles related to the ‘Itaewon tragedy’ in written language and the text of parliamentary meeting related to the ‘Itaewon tragedy’ in spoken language.&#x0D; Results In terms of the hierarchical structure of the periodical, the newspaper article and the meeting showed different characteristics. The newspaper article (Text-I) was relatively well organized and followed the typical hi-erarchical structure of a periodical. In particular, it showed that it faithfully followed the structure of HyperTheme - (Elaboration) - HyperNew, which is necessary to organize paragraphs (paragraphs). It also followed the structure of MacroTheme - (Paragraph) - MacroNew when organizing units larger than paragraphs. The meeting text, on the other hand, shows a weak hierarchy, as the MacroTheme is sometimes omitted, and when organizing para-graphs, the HyperNew following the HyperTheme is omitted before moving on to the next topic, the MacroTheme.&#x0D; Conclusions This paper introduced the concepts of hierarchy of periodic words and serial word expansion of dis-course as two double-headed wagons for studying discourse meaning. I hope this article to be useful for future research on periodicity in Korean texts of various genres, as it demonstrates how to analyze discourse at the para-graph and text level beyond the analysis of ‘clause’ units, and examines the genre differences between them.