Hierarchical Thinking Research Articles

Patterns ofPhysisand the Self-MakingKosmosin Heraclitus

Contemporary Western thinkers recognise the destructive effects of long-standing attitudes of mastery over nature and the dualistic and hierarchical thinking that informs them. Heraclitus’ metaphysical position is ideal for reframing these traditional stances for several reasons: first, Heraclitus’ concept of identity is dynamic and relies on a sophisticated understanding of opposites that recognises ambiguity; secondly, his philosophical position produces a model of truth as multiple rather than univocal; and finally, in Heraclitus’ self-making kosmos, human beings are not separate from the processes of physis but inextricably entangled in them. Heraclitus’ philosophy offers relevant avenues for reimagining contemporary philosophical issues, particularly theories of identity, the multiplicity of truth, and the proper ethical human relation to nature.

3D Hand Pose Estimation Based on Five-Layer Ensemble CNN.

Estimating accurate 3D hand pose from a single RGB image is a highly challenging problem in pose estimation due to self-geometric ambiguities, self-occlusions, and the absence of depth information. To this end, a novel Five-Layer Ensemble CNN (5LENet) is proposed based on hierarchical thinking, which is designed to decompose the hand pose estimation task into five single-finger pose estimation sub-tasks. Then, the sub-task estimation results are fused to estimate full 3D hand pose. The hierarchical method is of great benefit to extract deeper and better finger feature information, which can effectively improve the estimation accuracy of 3D hand pose. In addition, we also build a hand model with the center of the palm (represented as Palm) connected to the middle finger according to the topological structure of hand, which can further boost the performance of 3D hand pose estimation. Additionally, extensive quantitative and qualitative results on two public datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of 5LENet, yielding new state-of-the-art 3D estimation accuracy, which is superior to most advanced estimation methods.

Lively Emu dialogues: activating feminist common worlding pedagogies

ABSTRACT This paper draws from a series of Place-thought walks that the authors took at an open-range zoo. It practices a feminist common worlds multispecies ethics to challenge the systems that maintain nature-culture divisions in early childhood education. Postdevelopmental perspectives (i.e., feminist environmental humanities, multispecies studies, Indigenous studies) are brought into conversation with early childhood education to consider how zoo-logics maintain binaries and hierarchical thinking. Zoo-logics are related to developmental, colonial, and Western ways of reasoning and being in the world. Two feminist approaches to ethics, (re)situating and dialoguing, are discussed and show how they are necessary for undermining binaries and hierarchies that enable human exceptionalism, white privilege, and phallogocentrism. (Re)situating practices are presented through a lively dialogue based on Emu-human encounters at an open-range zoo. This paper argues that (re)situating and dialoguing pedagogies activate feminist common worldings. Worlding well requires a collective and relational multispecies ethics which are needed in these troubling times.

Exploring how rubric training influences students’ assessment and awareness of interpreting

Previous studies explored how rubrics of writing and speaking could change students’ self assessment and awareness of language skills, yet few disclosed the benefits of rubrics of interpreting. To close the gap, the present paper tapped the effects of rubric training in students’ self assessment and awareness of interpreting. After giving a three-week rubric training on Chinese-English interpreting to 32 Chinese undergraduates, it was found that students were able to simultaneously attend to multiple criteria, as they circled more descriptor words from the rubric and generated more numerous and elaborate comments. In addition, their assessments were extended from local, negative comments to global, positive ones, indicating their balanced and hierarchical thinking of interpreting skills. Post-training self reports revealed that rubric training improved their understanding and learning of interpreting skills, forming a favourable cycle of assessment-awareness-acquisition. Future pedagogical suggestions were proposed accordingly.

Thirdspace Investigations: Geography, Dehumanization, and Seeking Spatial Justice in Kinesiology

ABSTRACTThe 39th Annual Dudley A. Sargent Lecturer challenges the kinesiology professions to be intentional in addressing issues related to spatiality. Beginning with an outline of how such a focus has viability for the profession, the author overviews: (a) spatial justice and mobility through the lens of Gordon Parks; (b) surfing, localism and cityhood efforts; (c) notions of space and dehumanization as defined by Herbert Kelman; and (d) the need for a renewal of kinesthetic consciousness in the face of unrestricted technocracy in physical education. The second part of the lecture presents an interpretation of Edward Soja’s theory of Thirdspace in the midst of a social climate influenced by protectionism, isolationism, xenophobia, and anti-elite discourse. In relaying Olivia Butler’s caution on hierarchical thinking, the author ends by imploring academic institutions to invest in sustainable reconciliation efforts for the survival of humanity.

Inclusive Cognitive Hierarchy

Cognitive hierarchy theory, a collection of structural models of non-equilibrium thinking, in which players' best responses rely on heterogeneous beliefs on others' strategies including naive behavior, proved powerful in explaining observations from a wide range of games. We propose an inclusive cognitive hierarchy model, in which players do not rule out the possibility of facing opponents at their own thinking level. Our theoretical results show that inclusiveness is crucial for asymptotic properties of deviations from equilibrium behavior in expansive games. We show that the limiting behaviors are categorized in three distinct types: naive, Savage rational with inconsistent beliefs, and sophisticated. We test the model in a laboratory experiment of collective decision-making. The data suggests that inclusiveness is indispensable with regard to explanatory power of the models of hierarchical thinking.

Intracourt Dialogue

AbstractDissenting opinions are part of the ongoing constitutional dialogue among elites both inside and out of the judiciary. In order to illustrate how dissents contribute to the ongoing constitutional dialogue among elites, we examine the effect of dissents on majority opinions in the US Supreme Court. We empirically assess their operation on the contemporary Court. We find that dissents with certain characteristics are more effective than others on prompting the majority opinion to cite and discuss them. Specifically, majority opinions cite and discuss dissents that have a negative emotional tone; contain formal, logical, and hierarchical thinking; use adverbs; have a mixed ideological coalition; and cite a high number of Supreme Court precedents. These results suggest that strategic dissenters will have more in-house impact than others.

Unité de l’Église et définition de l’hérésie au XIIe siècle

The Church is constituted as a “ system” in the crucible of the Gregorian Reforms of the XIth and XIIth centuries. This system is supported by a discourse on the unity of the sacramental Christian community, to which is opposed a whole spectrum of dissidents : heretics, Jews, pagans and Moslems. In this sense, ecclesiology is essentially heresiology. From this standpoint, of a study of Catharism as an endogenous phenomenon of western Christianity, this paper focuses on the study of dualism as a paradoxical evolution of the questions posed by the problem of duality, a duality superseded by hierarchical thinking that imposes a third party dynamic.

What is Interdisciplinarity in Practice? Critical Reflections on Doing Mobility Research in an Intended Interdisciplinary Doctoral Research Group

Lately, there has been a tendency in academia to call for more interdisciplinary research on sustainable mobility. However, there is a lack of empirical research on practiced interdisciplinarity. This paper seeks to address this by exploring the practices of an intended interdisciplinary doctoral research group. Specifically, it presents the study of a collaborative autoethnography using individual vignettes and qualitative data analysis. The results classify the identified interdisciplinary practices into three main categories: Interactions, productive processes, and negotiation processes, where interactions serve as a carrier for negotiation and productive processes. This also uncovers advantages and challenges associated with these interactions. Furthermore, the analysis reveals intersubjectivity as an important component of the infrastructure of interdisciplinarity involved in both processes. Finally, we call for a reevaluation of the hierarchical thinking about the different levels of interdisciplinarity, going from disciplinary to multidisciplinary to interdisciplinary to transdisciplinary research. We conclude that for interdisciplinarity to happen in practice, it requires having a combination of various disciplines, ontologies, and a common “wicked” problem to solve. We also find that developing an interdisciplinary research environment requires researchers to embark on a shared journey of reaching a higher level of intersubjectivity through continuous interactions and discussions, while also negotiating conflicts.

Becoming Rhizomatic: Researching Flowing in/between Striated and Smooth Space

Exploring long-term educational change, we investigate our re/construction of research methodology as we moved from a positivist framework to working with ideas drawn from Deleuze and Guattari. We reveal our becoming rhizomatic in data analysis in the metamodelling of the richness flowing horizontally through our practices. We tell of our struggles to escape hierarchical thinking and relations researching between the smooth and striated. A space of interactions, conversations and writings created relations between polyphonic voices, leading us to an emergent methodology. Our struggle against hierarchies in data analysis yielded rich educational possibilities for becoming that Deleuzo-Guattarian thinking offers us.

Study on Customer Segmentation Intelligent Model of Air Cargo

It is a valid guarantee for airlines to segment the air cargo customers for maximum benefit. Scientific and reasonable customer segmentation can help companies reduce costs and gain market access. This paper puts forward the idea of air cargo customer segmentation model from objective hierarchy, rule hierarchy, result hierarchy and scheme hierarchy under hierarchical thinking. It aims at building an air cargo customer segmentation intelligent model which includes three dimensions. Intelligent models such as cargo association rules, neuronal networks and decision trees are used to analyse values, risks and marketing. The goal of this model is to maintain customers and increase profit margins. This paper launches a further discussion on main points of implementation during every links of stages of data preparation, customer segmentation and application of the segmentation results.

Looking at the Link between Thinking Styles and Academic Achievement: The Case of One State Islamic University in Palembang

The aims of this study were (1) to find out whether or not there was a significant correlation between each type of thinking styles and students’ academic achievement, (2) to identify if thinking styles significantly contributed to students’ academic achievement, and (3) to find out type of thinking styles becoming the best predictor for the academic achievement of one State Islamic University in Palembang. In this study, 460 EFL students of one State Islamic University in the academic year of 2016-2017 became the population of this study. 88 students were taken as samples by using purposive sampling method. The method used in this study was a correlational study. The data were obtained by using a ready-made questionnaire and documentation. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient and regression analysis of SPSS version 21.0 were used to analyze the obtained data. The results of the two analyses showed that (1) out of 13 types of thinking styles, only 9 types of thinking had positive and significant correlation to the students’ academic achievement; (2) those 9 types of thinking styles contributed to the students’ academic achievement with 48.8% contribution; and (3) hierarchical thinking style was the best predictor and contributed to the students’ academic achievement with 29.8% contribution.

How to Use Taxonomic Principles in a Non-Scientific Setting to Teach Hierarchical Thinking

Science education as it is taught in the twenty-first century primarily focuses on scientific literacy, specifically on the process of science and how it can be applied. Most process-driven pedagogical tools are based on hypothesis-driven science, in which the hypothesis is the focal point. In descriptive science, the focal point is the organization of data, leading ultimately to the formation of questions and hypotheses. This technique helps students through the process of data collection, organization, and application without the use of scientific terminology. The students are led through the process using common objects, and then required, as a homework assignment, to collect, organize, and apply their own data. By using this simple, repetitive technique, students will see how a classical scientific field (taxonomy) can be applied to modern life situations.

A model with policy network approach for entrepreneurship policy making

One policy making issue that needs to be addressed more effectively through an intergovernmental and participatory approach is entrepreneurship policy. Entrepreneurship is an area where interdependencies are very high, and the establishment of collaborative relationships such as networks is vital. Therefore, a network approach in the entrepreneurial policy-making process, which leads to the involvement of key stakeholders and entrepreneurs, will lead to higher legitimacy and effectiveness of policies. The purpose of the research is to validate and design a suitable model for policy networks in the field of entrepreneurship. Qualitative data analysis was conducted through theme analysis; and the quantitative data through the structural equations. After designing the conceptual model, the research questionnaire with dimensions was distributed among 240 experts and managers of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare. Reliability of the questionnaire was verified using Cronbach's alpha and composite Reliability Coefficient (CR), and its validity was confirmed by Convergent Validity and Convergent Validity (AVE) methods. Finally, 24 components were identified in four branches of necessity, structural, behavioral and background. The findings show that, it is essential for the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare to focus on the role and importance of these entrepreneurs in order to develop the field of entrepreneurship, and to consider the network thinking in policy making as a substitute for hierarchical thinking.

AHP CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN ACTION: THE PERUVIAN HOSTAGE CRISIS OF 1996 – 1997 RE-VISITED

The AHP analysis of the Peruvian hostage crisis of 1996-1997 is particularly significant because it was the first, and to my knowledge, only time that an AHP analysis of a hostage situation was done while the events were unfolding (Saaty & Mu, 1997). It shows the power of hierarchical thinking in terms of summarizing a complex crisis into two simple hierarchies of 3 to 4 criteria and 4 alternatives. In addition, this study shows the power of sensitivity analysis to compensate for the lack of experts to estimate the true criteria weights of the parties and, finally, the analysis was completed within the five-week period of the crisis duration and on time to potentially influence the outcome. https://doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v9i3.517

Relationships between Eco-Leadership and Problem-Solving Styles of Gifted and Talented Youth

Our understanding of leadership has undergone a significant shift in the early part of the 21st century. An emerging perspective, dubbed Eco-Leadership, suggests leadership is a collective process involving both leaders and followers co-creating leadership. Because our beliefs and attitudes toward leadership affect how we lead, it becomes crucial to better understand the views youth have towards leadership, as they develop into our future leaders, to improve curricula and instruction. In this study, no relationship was found between youth attitudes and beliefs towards systemic and hierarchical thinking with respect to their preferred problem-solving style. These findings indicate youth may adaptively or innovatively associate leadership equally through systemic and hierarchical thinking. Further, neither being more adaptive nor more innovative implies one to be better at leading.

Multiple-Criteria Decision Support for a Sustainable Supply Chain: Applications to the Fashion Industry

With increasing globalization and international cooperation, the importance of sustainability management across supply chains has received much attention by companies across various industries. Companies therefore strive to implement effective and integrated sustainable supply chain management initiatives to improve their operational and economic performance while also minimizing unnecessary damage to the environment and maintaining their social reputation and images. The paper presents an easy-to-use decision-support approach based on multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodologies that aim to help companies develop effective models for timely decision-making involving sustainable supply chain management strategies. The proposed approach can be used by practitioners to ultimately build a comprehensive Analytic Network Process model that will adequately capture and reveal all the interrelationships and interdependency among the elements in the problem, which is often a very difficult task. To facilitate and simplify this complex process, we propose that hierarchical thinking be used first to structure the essences of the problem capturing only the major issues, and an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model be built. Users can learn from the modeling process and gain much insight into the problem. The AHP can then be extended to an Analytic Network Process (ANP) model so as to capture the relationships and interdependencies among the elements. Our approach can reduce the sustainable expertise, effort and information that are often needed to build an ANP model from scratch. We apply our approach to the evaluation of sustainable supply chain management strategies for the fashion industry. Three main dimensions of sustainability—environmental, economic and social—are considered. Based on the literature, we identified four alternative supply chain management strategies. It was found that the Reverse Logistics alternative appears to be the recommended solution by the AHP model. However, the Socially Leagile Supply Chain is recommended by the ANP model, thereby demonstrating the necessity and importance of considering interdependencies in the model.

A Comprehensive Study of Ecofeminism

Cartesian ontological belief has placed man over other beings and has separated humans from nature. This Cartesian hierarchical thinking has led to the destruction of the environment so much that o...

Struggling for Authentic Human Synergy and a Robust Democratic Culture: The Wellspring Community for Women in Educational Leadership

In this paper we will introduce a community of women educational leaders, theirstruggles for personal and professional accountability, and their inquiry toward thedevelopment of leadership wisdom in a democratic culture. Such leadership wisdomis not the norm in today's educational organizations. Influenced by the work ofresearchers, educational leaders, and professors of educational administration,traditional leadership has been based on hierarchical thinking and prescriptive skillsthat have promoted the status quo (Davies & Foster, 1994; Maxcy, 1994). Thispaper tells the story of a group of women educational leaders who are supportingeach other as they challenge tradition and explore the application of democraticleadership in educational settings. Their story is a result of the analysis of datacollected over the first three years of the Wellspring Community's existence.

Understanding students’ hierarchical thinking: a view from continuity, differentiability and integrability

Understanding students’ hierarchical thinking: a view from continuity, differentiability and integrability