Hierarchical Ascendant Classification Research Articles

A tropical Atlantic dynamics analysis by combining machine learning and satellite data

The western tropical Atlantic Ocean is a very energetic and highly variable region. It is one of the main contributors to the inter-hemispheric mass and heat transports. This study aim is to give a new picture of the space and time variability of this region using statistical tools applied to five different satellite measurements (Sea Surface Temperature, Sea Surface Salinity, ocean topography, wind stress vectors). We first processed each data set by using a Self-Organizing Maps (SOM), which is an efficient clustering methodology based on non-linear artificial neural networks to compress the information embedded in the data. The SOM was then combined with a Hierarchical Ascendant Classification (HAC) to cluster the different phenomena in a small number of classes whose physical characteristics are easy to identify. Three classes were identified which allowed us to analyse the dynamics of the North Brazil Current, and the North Equatorial Countercurrent, respectively, and their links with the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone and the Amazon and Orinoco river runoffs. The SOM + HAC analysis gave a coherent picture of the concomitant seasonal variability of the variables. Furthermore, we were able to point out the correlations existing between salinity features recently discovered and wind, temperature, and dynamic topography structures. Applying our method to the interannual signals, we showed a year to year variability which deserves further analysis.

Trade-Offs between Sustainability Indicators in Response to the Production Choices of Different Farm Household Types in Drylands

A lot of national and international effort has been made to promote sustainable agricultural production systems in drylands. However, success has been seriously limited due to lack of thorough characterization of the impact of the diversity of farm household types on productivity, resource-use efficiency and economic and nutritional status. This study applied hierarchical ascendant classification to a random sample of 286 cereal-producing farm households in Morocco and identified distinct household typologies. It also carried out an analysis of trade-offs between economic, nutritional and environmental factors induced by the production decisions of the different farm household typologies. Our analysis identified three dominant farm household typologies in the production system, namely: (i) intensive predominantly-vegetable farming households with high input intensities, (ii) semi-intensive cereal mono-crop farming households with moderate input intensities and (iii) extensive mixed cereal-legume farming households with low input intensities. Extensive mixed cereal-legume farming households exhibited the highest resource-use efficiency and high biodiversity. These benefits, however, came at the expense of a much lower farm income and limited food supplies relative to the other two systems. These results show that, as is the case for many dryland regions, all three farm types showed precarious conditions for one or more of the sustainability-related indicators.

Multidimensional analysis of genetic background and environmental factors: Cases of atopy in asthmatic children

The present work aimed, through a multidimensional analysis of a data set related to 76 asthmatic children (2–16 years), to their family, and to their antecedents, to establish typical profiles of children with asthma, combining similar or even identical characteristics. A questionnaire was presented to the parents concerning possible consanguinity, prematurity of the child, birth order, skin prick test results, presence of animals, indoor dampness, medical history, and cases of atopy among the children and their antecedents. The links between variables were first identified by means of chi-square tests. Ascending hierarchical classification (AHC) was performed to identify significant groupings. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was then carried out to focus on typical children profiles. The results showed a high frequency of bronchitis (86.9%), rhinitis (46.1%), and indoor dampness (64.5%). Family history (asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and atopic dermatitis) and various allergies (to drugs, to food, or other allergies in general) were present mostly in mothers (≈20%) with a slightly significant association between mothers and siblings (P=0.045) but not between fathers and siblings (P=0.41). The AHC highlighted two distinct groups, well discriminated: a predominant group with maternal antecedents and another of lesser significance with paternal antecedents. The MCA identified groupings, with positive modalities of variables, largely around boys and paternal antecedents with an impact on girls. This work allowed us to establish a typical profile of children who have developed (or can develop) asthma. They are children with a history of atopy and allergies, mainly of their mothers, who have contracted early bronchitis and probably rhinitis, and who live in an environment with indoor dampness and smoking.

An Analysis of the Media Coverage of the Socio-Economic Impacts Generated by Online Tourist Rental Platforms

This work aims to determine, by means of a press analysis, the positioning of the media on the problems generated by the growth of tourist pressure in city centers and by the expansion of tourist accommodation intermediated online. The main objective of this work is to analyze, classify, and group the main press media and agencies and their positioning with respect to their coverage of socio-economic impacts linked to tourist accommodation platforms. Two different statistical techniques will be used, MultiDimensional Scaling and Hierarchical Ascending Classification (Clustering). Mainly, 24 impacts have been pinpointed, 12 positives and 12 negatives, which shows the great complexity of this phenomenon and the echo that the press makes of it. The impacts related to the ability to retain a dwelling in the tourist area are most frequently reported by the press, the increase in the price of rents/homes, the lack of regulation, the tourist pressure, or depopulation.

Weed Management in the Transition to Conservation Agriculture: Farmers’ Response

Recently adopted in France, conservation agriculture still faces some challenges to its adoption, particularly weed management. To highlight the weed management practices used by farmers in conservation agriculture and the changes induced by its adoption, a large sample of 425 French farmers were invited to complete an online survey. Weed management practices used by farmers were requested for three periods: before adoption, during the first years of conservation agriculture (one to two years after adoption), and when the agricultural system is considered “mastered” by the farmer. The use of each farming practice was firstly studied independently for each period. Then, a multiple correspondence analysis followed by a hierarchical ascendant classification resulted in groups of farmers with different combinations of practices for each period. Finally, the groups of farmers were followed through the periods. Results showed that changes in weed management done according to farmers when adopting and mastering conservation agriculture are multiple and vary according to farmers and their previous weed management. Although some similar choices were identified, some farmers’ trajectories, especially those with a prior combination driven by either a soil disturbance strategy or a crop competitiveness strategy, are difficult to identify when adopting conservation agriculture. Upon mastering the agricultural system, farmers’ choices become more apparent.

How to Estimate Optimal Malaria Readiness Indicators at Health-District Level: Findings from the Burkina Faso Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) Data.

One of the major contributors of malaria-related deaths in Sub-Saharan African countries is the limited accessibility to quality care. In these countries, malaria control activities are implemented at the health-district level (operational entity of the national health system), while malaria readiness indicators are regionally representative. This study provides an approach for estimating health district-level malaria readiness indicators from survey data designed to provide regionally representative estimates. A binomial-hierarchical Bayesian spatial prediction method was applied to Burkina Faso Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) survey data to provide estimates of essential equipment availability and readiness for malaria care. Predicted values of each indicator were adjusted by the type of health facility, location, and population density. Then, a health district composite readiness profile was built via hierarchical ascendant classification. All surveyed health-facilities were mandated by the Ministry of Health to manage malaria cases. The spatial distribution of essential equipment and malaria readiness was heterogeneous. Around 62.9% of health districts had a high level of readiness to provide malaria care and prevention during pregnancy. Low-performance scores for managing malaria cases were found in big cities. Health districts with low coverage for both first-line antimalarial drugs and rapid diagnostic tests were Baskuy, Bogodogo, Boulmiougou, Nongr-Massoum, Sig-Nonghin, Dafra, and Do. We provide health district estimates and reveal gaps in basic equipment and malaria management resources in some districts that need to be filled. By providing local-scale estimates, this approach could be replicated for other types of indicators to inform decision makers and health program managers and to identify priority areas.

Morphometric Characteristics of the Extreme Eastern Algerian Domestic Donkey (Equus asinus)

Abstract The aim of this study was to define the morphometric variability of the extreme Eastern Algerian donkeys. The study was carried out from June to December 2018 in El-Tarf, Souk-Ahras, and Tebessa provinces. The study population involved 65 individuals (32 jacks and 33 jennies) between the ages of 3 and 16 years old. In total, 13 body measurements were used, and 5 zootechnical indexes were calculated. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics were studied in order to establish an ethnic and functional classification of this particular subspecies. The qualitative data demonstrated that the coat colour was variable. Bay and greyish colours were dominant with a respective rate of 61.5 % and 38.5 %, respectively. The head, the nose, as well as the eyes contour colours were mainly grey with 52.3 %, 58.5 % and 50.8 % respectively. The partial absence of the coat particularities was observed. The population presented a significate relationship between the quantitative characters (P < 0.05). The donkeys were longilinear, of a rectilinear profile, compact with massive trends. They had a hyper-metric format. The animals are good for meat production. The General Linear Model (GLM) showed that the body measurements were variable by sex and body mass. The principal component analysis (PCA), the multiple correspondence analyses (MCA) and the ascending hierarchical classification (AHC) revealed that the population was composed of 2 clusters representing 4 animal classes. This study was the first report on the phenotypic characterization of donkeys in the extreme Eastern Algerian area, based on corporal measurements. The results indicated the existence of heterogeneity and suggested the possibilities of genetic improvement within the species.

Phenotypic characterization of domestic cavies (Cavia porcellus) in the agricultural zone of Haut-Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo


 This study was conducted with the aim of contributing to the characterization of zoo genetic resources for farm animals in the agricultural area of Haut Katanga. For this, 185 guinea pigs were sampled according to the snowball method from 117 households and whose weight parameter obtained from a balance and linear parameter obtained at the area of a measuring tape a description. The cavy was held immobile in a horizontal plane, and measurements were taken after locating landmarks on the surface of the animal's body. Qualitative parameters were collected by the visual method where the color of the coat was identified by direct observation under daylight (FAO, 2013; AU-IBAR, 2015). The main results showed that the location factor significantly influenced the majority of biometric characteristics while the sex factor had no significant effect on the measurements. The studied cavies had an angular conformation with the following average performances: weight 506.1 ± 149.9g; chest circumference 15.8 ± 3.0cm; body length 27.7 ± 3.2cm; thigh circumference 5.8 ± 0.9cm. Morphological characteristics indicate the presence of 6 main colors (white, cream, brown, grey, black and silver), from which several combinations are derived. The most frequent combinations are trichromic (White, black and brown) with 34.05%, followed by dichromic (White and brown: 18.38%). About 99.4% of the animals had black eyes. The hairs were soft (82.7%) and short (100%). PCA followed by an Ascending Hierarchical Classification (AHC) of these animals resulted in four genetic types; the first two types (type 1 and 2) have lower than average weights and resemble the guinea pigs of a (traditional) family farm, while the other two are semi-improved. Based on the coloring of the hair, these domestic cavies have a compound coat. These results show the existence of a great variability between the guinea pig populations as well as a diversity of rearing practices that requires monitoring for improvement, which constitutes an opportunity for genetic improvement of local guinea pigs.

EDAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF MATORRALS BIO-RESOURCES OF THE TIARET MOUNTAINS (WEST ALGERIA)

Ponte Academic JournalFeb 2020, Volume 76, Issue 2 EDAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF MATORRALS BIO-RESOURCES OF THE TIARET MOUNTAINS (WEST ALGERIA)Author(s): Nouar Belgacem ,Hasnaoui Okkacha, Maamar Benchohra, Soudani Leila, Oliver WicheJ. Ponte - Feb 2020 - Volume 76 - Issue 2 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2020.2.8 Abstract:The present work is devoted to the study of the physicochemical characteristics of soils taken from the matorrals of the mountains of Tiaret (Western Algeria). Through the 24 samples analyzed, the results show that the color of all the samples is yellow-red (YR) with a texture that varies between sandy-loam, loam-clay-sandy and loamy, low humidity (2.28 ± 0.28%), a low to very low organic matter content (0.71 ± 0.54%) and a pH varying between neutral, slightly alkaline and alkaline (7.49 ± 0.31). The analyzed soils are generally not salty and have a low electrical conductivity (0.30 ± 0.07mS / cm), the limestone loads are very low to low (0.72 ± 0.54%). Three soil classes were defined by the ascending hierarchical classification (AHC) with percentages of (33.34%, 45.83% and 20.83%) respectively. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) reveals that the first axis has a higher inertia rate of information with 41.21% followed by the second axis with 24.74%, the latter are very well correlated with the majority of the variables measured to confirm the shaping of the vegetation by these parameters. These finding would systematically lead to the land degradation and by consequence the regression of vegetation cover in these mountains, where, protection measures are obligatory. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

Propuesta gastronómica con Cavia porcellus

Cavia porcellus is used as a kind of meat supply, it is part of the diet and source of sustenance in some regions of the world. In Mexico guinea pig production systems represent an opportunity to produce meat for self-consumption and even for local sale. The objective of this study was to evaluate sensorially the gastronomic proposal based on C. porcellus meat; which consisted of four stews (in mushroom cream, roasted, sweet and sour marinade and in yellow mole) and were tasted by 40 judges not trained by an acceptability test with a structured scale of hedonic satisfaction, the attributes considered were the appearance, smell, taste, tenderness and juiciness. Data were analysed using an Ascendant Hierarchical Classification and Principal Component Analysis to construct the quadratic mapping model of external preferences. The results indicated that for type 2 consumers there is a significant effect (R2=0.976, p<0.05), determining their general acceptance in common by guinea pig cream mushrooms. It was concluded that the gastronomic proposal of the four guinea pig stews was accepted, but the most widely accepted was the cuy in cream of mushroom soup.

Implementation of a New Food Picture Database in the Context of fMRI and Visual Cognitive Food-Choice Task in Healthy Volunteers

This pilot study aimed at implementing a new food picture database in the context of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) cognitive food-choice task, with an internal conflict or not, in healthy normal-weight adults. The database contains 170 photographs including starters, main courses, and desserts; it presents a broad-spectrum of energy content and is provided with portion weight and nutritional information. It was tested in 16 participants who evaluated the energy density and gave a liking score for all food pictures via numerical scales. First, volunteers were segregated into two groups according to their eating habits according to a food consumption frequency questionnaire (FCFQ) to assess whether the database might elicit different appreciations according to individual eating habits. Second, participants underwent fMRI cognitive food-choice task (van der Laan et al., 2014), using our picture database, in which they had to choose between high-energy (HE) and low-energy (LE) foods, under a similar liking (SL, foods with similar hedonic appraisals) condition or a different liking (DL, foods with different hedonic appraisals) condition. Participants evaluated correctly the caloric content of dishes (from r = 0.72 to r = 0.79, P < 0.001), confirming a good perception of the caloric discrepancies between food pictures. Two subgroups based on FCFQ followed by a principal component analysis (PCA) and a hierarchical ascendant classification (HAC) were defined, that is, Prudent-type (PTc, N = 9) versus Western-type (WTc, N = 7) consumers, where the WTc group showed higher consumption of HE palatable foods than PTc (P < 0.05). The WTc group showed a higher correlation between liking and caloric evaluation of the food pictures as compared to PTc (r = 0.77 and r = 0.36, respectively, P < 0.001), confirming that food pictures elicited variable responses according to contrasted individual eating habits. The fMRI analyses showed that the DL condition elicited the activation of dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), involved in internal conflict monitoring, whereas SL condition did not, and that LE food choice involved high-level cognitive processes with higher activation of the hippocampus (HPC) and fusiform gyrus compared to HE food choice. Overall, this pilot study validated the use of the food picture database and fMRI-based procedure assessing decision-making processing during a food choice cognitive task with and without internal conflict.

Morphological divergence in the West African shorthorn Lagune cattle populations from Benin.

This study explored the potential role of agro-ecology in shaping the morphology of Lagune cattle population of Benin. A total of 708 adult Lagune cattle were sampled randomly from nine provenances in two agro-ecological zones (AEZs) and were assessed for eight qualitative and twelve linear body measurements. Data were analyzed using generalized linear model procedures (PROC GLM) followed by the multiple comparison of least square means (LSMEAN) according to the Tukey-Kramer method and multivariate analytical methods, including canonical discrimination analysis (CDA) and hierarchical ascendant classification. Irrespective of AEZ and sex, the body length (102.3 ± 9.31cm) was greater than the wither height (93.1 ± 7.39cm) and the body index smaller than 0.85. However, there were significant differences between the two AEZs for most of the measured morphometric and qualitative traits. Moreover, a male-biased sexual size dimorphism was recorded. The CDA based on only four basic body measurements (rump height, body length, heart girth, and ear length) and the calculated Mahalanobis distances suggest that the populations from the two AEZs are distinct and could be further considered ecotypes. Nevertheless, the overall moderate classification rate (70%) of the individual animals into their group of origin indicates interbreeding between the two populations. The pairwise Mahalanobis distances between provenances in the same AEZ were also significant. Together, these results provide supporting evidence for the existence of subdivisions in the Lagune cattle populations from South Benin. The high morphological diversity in the Lagune cattle recorded in the present study could serve as a starting point for the development of efficient selection and sound subpopulation management strategies but also for further phenotypic and genetic characterizations.

Fine-scale geographical distribution and ecological risk factors for Crohn's disease in France (2007-2014).

Geographical variations in Crohn's disease (CD) suggest that the environment has a role in the pathogenesis of this condition. To describe the spatial distribution and the clustering of CD cases in France, and to assess the relationship between the prevalence of CD and environmental risk factors. We identified all patients with CD included in the French hospital discharge database from 2007 to 2014. Age- and gender-smoothed standardised prevalence ratios over this period were computed for 5610 spatial units. An ecological regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the risk of CD and ecological variables (health care, latitude, socio-economic deprivation, urbanisation, proportion of agricultural surfaces and density of industries). Local spatial clusters of high-CD prevalence were searched for using elliptic spatial scan statistics and characterised in a hierarchical ascendant classification based on the same ecological variables. About 129089 patients with CD were identified, yielding a crude prevalence of 203 per 100000 inhabitants. The overall spatial heterogeneity was statistically significant (P<.001). An elevated risk of CD was found to be significantly associated with high-social deprivation (relative risk [95% confidence interval]=1.05 [1.02-1.08]) and high urbanisation (1.09 [1.04-1.14]). Sixteen significant spatial clusters of high-CD prevalence were identified; there were no common ecological variables. The geographical distribution of CD prevalence in France is not uniform, and is associated with high levels of social deprivation and urbanisation. Larger ecological databases integrating more detailed environmental and clinical information are needed.

Regional growth curves and extreme precipitation events estimation in the steppe area of northwestern Algeria

A regional statistical analysis has been established for an improved estimate of extreme frequency precipitation in the steppe area of northwestern Algeria. This analysis made it possible to determine three homogeneous regions by using methods based on statistical procedures, such as the analysis of the ascendant hierarchical classification and the L-moments method. The regions thus defined accurately reflect the climatological differences and specific characters influencing precipitation patterns in the study area. The generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution has been identified as the most appropriate distribution for modeling annual maximum daily rainfall quantiles according to the L-moments ratio plot and fit-quality tests. Rainfall indices combined with the regional growth curves can evaluate in a reasonable way the maximum rainfall quantiles at the stations by using the mean maximum precipitations of the observation series. The regional approach has considerably reduced the differences caused by the disparity of the values taken by the shape parameter of the GEV distribution as a function of the observation sites, and the estimation of high quantiles becomes more spatially consistent in a region. Different forms of growth curves are characteristic for the three regions. The error reflected by the bias and root mean square error (RMSE) are below 16 and 25%, respectively, for a 100-year return period. The study provides an assessment of the maximum daily rainfalls that can be useful in the study of floods and the design of hydrotechnical works.

Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction Coupled to GC/MS for the Analysis of Volatiles of Honeys from Arid and Mediterranean Areas of Algeria.

The volatile composition of seven honey samples collected from various regions of Algeria and feeding on different plants have been determined. The Headspace Solid-Phase MicroExtraction (HS-SPME) coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to achieve the purpose. In this work, different parameters of the HS-SPME analytical method were investigated in order to reach maximal sensitivity, and thus to obtain maximum information about the volatile profile of Algerian honey. These parameters include saline medium, HS extraction temperature, and the nature of the fiber used. The results showed a great diversity in the chemical composition, in total 124 compounds from different chemical classes were identified, including compounds found for the first time in honey. The Ascending Hierarchical Classification (AHC) demonstrated the importance of choosing SPME extraction conditions to find volatile compounds, which could be as specific markers of the floral or geographical origin of honey, the latter was optimized in the parameter PDMS-55 °C.

A new semi-supervised approach for characterizing the Arabic on-line handwriting of Parkinson's disease patients

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease affecting significant portion of elderly population. One of the most frequent hallmarks and the first manifestation of PD is deterioration of handwriting. Since the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is difficult, researchers have worked to develop a support tool based on algorithms to separate healthy controls from PD patients. On-line handwriting analysis is one of the methods that can be used to diagnose PD. In this study, we aimed to analyze the Arabic Handwriting of 28 Parkinson's disease patients and 28 healthy controls (HCs) who were the same age and have the same intellectual level. We focused on copying an Arabic text task. For each participant we have calculated 1482 features. Based on the most relevant features selected by the Pearson's coefficient correlation, the Hierarchical Ascendant Classification (HAC) was applied and generated 3 clusters of writers. The characterization of these clusters was carried out by using the quantitative and qualitative parameters. The obtained results show that the combination of these two aspects can discriminate at best PD patients from HCs.

Nurse staffing models in acute care: A descriptive study.

AimsTo identify nurse staffing groups in acute care facilities.DesignThis retrospective descriptive study used a configurational approach.MethodsData from a two‐month target period from January–March 2016 were collected for 40 facilities in four different hospitals in one of the largest regions of Quebec. Multiple factorial analysis and hierarchical ascendant classification were used to generate a limited number of nurse staffing groups.Results/FindingsFour distinct nurse staffing groups emerged from this study. The least resourced model relied mainly on less qualified personnel and agency staff. The moderately resourced basic model was assessed as average across all staffing dimensions, but employed less overtime, relying mostly on auxiliary nurses. The moderately resourced professional group, also moderate in most variables, involved more overtime and fewer less qualified personnel. The most resourced group maximized highly qualified personnel and minimized instability in the nursing team.ConclusionThis study covered multiple staffing groups with widely varying characteristics. Most groups entailed risks for quality of care at one or more levels. Few care units approached the theoretical staffing ideal.

Morphological characterization of some naturalized accessions of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. in the Algerian steppe regions

ABSTRACT Characterization and evaluation of the available gene pool is essential for Opuntia ficus-indica taxonomy and improvement. Taxonomically, continued efforts are still needed to elucidate the complexity of this species. The partial or total absence of spines was the most important feature for distinguishing species in the genus Opuntia. Spinelessness is desired outcome for breeding strategies of livestock forage. Thus, a major challenge is to understand the variation in the spininess trait within naturalized accessions of this species. In the present work, morphological characterization of 20 naturalized accessions from a range of Algerian steppe sites was conducted. Thirty qualitative and quantitative features of cladodes, areoles and spines were studied. These features were then subjected to One Way ANOVA, Hierarchical Ascending Classification (HAC) and a correlation study. It was found that both forms (spiny and spineless) showed slight differences in qualitative features of cladodes, areoles and spines. Quantitative studies revealed the existence of four groups (one spineless and three spiny groups). The first spiny group has more than two spines per areole, the second with two spines and the third spiny group with at most one spine per areole. Variation within spiny accessions showed the existence of an intermediate group composed of the second and the third spiny group; suggesting that some accessions of these groups were spineless and became spiny under stress conditions. Correlations showed that some cladode and spine features were significantly influenced by minimum temperature and annual rainfall. More detailed physiological, genetic and molecular studies are recommended to understand spininess variation, occurrence and disappearance.

Characterization of genetic diversity and population structure of Moroccan lentil cultivars and landraces using molecular markers.

Knowledge of genetic diversity and population structure is a crucial step for an efficient use of available material in a plant breeding program and for germplasm conservation strategies. Current study undertakes an assessment of the genetic variations and population structure of Moroccan lentil including nine landraces and eight released varieties using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) markers. Results revealed that the two markers used have a good efficiency to assess genetic diversity in lentil. A total of 115 and 90 bands were respectively scored for SRAP and RAPD, of which 98.3% and 93.3% were polymorphic. The polymorphic information content values were 0.350 with SRAP and 0.326 with RAPD. Analysis of molecular variance based on the combined data sets of both markers revealed lower variations within (35%) than among (65%) landraces (PhiPT = 0.652), implying significant genetic differentiation between landraces. Principal coordinate analysis and the ascendant hierarchical classification clustered samples into groups that were consistent with the geographical origin of the cultivars. Population structure corroborated the main groups and confirmed the high differentiation among them. Moroccan lentil germplasm showed a wide genetic diversity that might be conserved and assessed for tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses.

A standardized health report tool for 12 year old children in the Academy of Grenoble

Grenoble's regional education authority must provide pupils with medical and screening visits so as to detect health issues or care deficiencies early. The 12th year health check-up for pupils is therefore compulsory. We wanted to offer a standardized tool, the Obi-12, in order to guide that assessment. There were 2 objectives: to create an academic representative overview of the health status of twelve year old students and to implement a field diagnosis on the local scale. The Obi-12 was proposed to all middle schools of the Academy. A detailed description of the obtained answers were completed and compared to national data. A statistical analysis (ACM and ACH) was conducted. In total, 2977 assessments were returned (9% of the Academy). The students checked by Obi-12 are in better health, smoke less, have less uncured dental cavities and have more often a normal weight compared to national data. A hierarchical ascendant classification enabled to set 6 patterns in children, of whom some presented an accumulation of unfavorable social-medical characteristics. The renewal of Obi-12 will contribute to pupil's health diagnosis at different scales and will enable a follow-up of that pupil's health status. That local knowledge will help to determine vulnerable groups in order to prioritize actions as part of the Educational Health Trajectory.