Hierarchical Position Research Articles

Disharmonisasi Pengaturan Pengelolaan Wilayah Izin Usaha Pertambangan Khusus bagi Organisasi Masyarakat Keagamaan di Indonesia

Exploration of mining wealth is an effort to accelerate the economy. Polemics arise when PP 25/2024 and Perpres 76/2024 are juxtaposed with positive law in the form of laws that have a higher hierarchical position. The three religious community organizations that have received WIUPK concession offers are Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah, and Persatuan Islam. Mining concessions are often wrapped in political nuances, even allegedly ridden by the interests of certain groups. Leading to a number of controversies that arise, it is interesting to discuss the regulation of special mining business permit areas for religious community organizations in Indonesia and related to efforts to harmonize laws and regulations regarding the management of special mining business permit areas for religious community organizations as a concrete step to realize people's welfare. This research is qualitative and juridical-normative type. The research approach used is conceptual and legislation. The enactment of PP 25/2024 is a responsive effort accommodated by the government regarding the WIUPK arrangement. The issuance of Perpres 76/2024 states that WIUPK is a former PKP2B area that is given priority to religious mass organizations in order to promote community welfare. However, there are a number of risks that the involvement of religious community organizations could potentially result in conflicts of interest and have a negative impact on social and environmental balance. Despite normative controversy, this policy distributes benefits and provides access to natural resources previously controlled by large entities. Concrete steps that can be taken are harmonizing applicable regulations, such as revising the Minerba Law and the Ormas Law, or drafting inclusive and specific implementing regulations. Thus, religious community organizations can understand the technical, economic, and socio-environmental aspects of mining management, and are able to be responsible for realizing people's welfare.

Understanding the role of gender diversity in ESG misconduct. The moderating effect of gender equality policies

Purpose This paper aims to investigate whether gender-diverse boards and top management teams (TMTs) reduce undesirable environmental social governance (ESG) behavior and whether a critical mass of women in leadership is necessary to influence this outcome. In addition, the authors study whether differences in the levels of national commitment to gender-equality policies affect the effectiveness of gender-diverse boards and management in curbing ESG misconduct. Design/methodology/approach This study examines the role of women directors and women executives in ESG misconduct using a European sample of analysis of 2,994 firm-year observations from 2015 to 2020. Findings The authors find that gender diversity effectively prevents ESG misconduct only in countries with strong national policies supporting gender equality. Specifically, women directors and executives significantly reduce ESG misconduct in these countries, demonstrating the complementary role of gender diversity and national equality policies. In addition, female chief executive officers are more likely to curb negative ESG practices in firms operating within gender-equal corporate environments, noting that female chief executive officers are not effective in reducing irresponsible ESG behavior when they are not supported by a critical mass of women directors or executives. Practical implications This paper finds novel evidence that the influence of female representation on ESG misconduct is not linear but conditional on the level of female proportion; women in the minority (usually under 3) can scarcely influence group decisions because their specific female attributes are only evident when the visibility and legitimacy of the female group are high enough. Firms led by female chief executive officers seem to reduce ESG misconduct, especially when their chief suites are above a critical threshold. But queen bee female chief executive officers are not effective in reducing adverse ESG activity if their boards and TMTs are not gender diverse; the joint effect of women in different hierarchical positions contributes to decreasing ESG failures. Social implications These findings are useful for policymakers because they show that although there is growing social concern about business gender equality and increasing regulatory efforts through soft/hard gender quotas, stakeholders will not completely benefit from firm gender diversity without national support for gender equality. Originality/value This study contributes to the sustainable development literature by examining the direct effects of gender diversity at multiple levels of a firm’s hierarchy (chief suite, board, TMTs), as well as addressing the gap between firm gender diversity and national gender equality policies as mechanisms to reduce ESG misconduct. It also explores the queen bee phenomenon, noting that female leaders in non-diverse organizations often adapt their leadership style to align with masculine corporate cultures.

Future Relevance of Innovative Information Technology in External Auditing and the Gap Between the Expertise in Sri Lanka

This study addresses a critical empirical gap by investigating the perceptions of external auditors in Sri Lanka regarding their current expertise and the future relevance such expertise in terms of innovative information technology (IT) in external auditing. The research also assesses whether discrepancies exist between auditors’ current IT capabilities and the expected expertise of emerging IT technologies. Additionally, it explores how specific auditor characteristics influence IT competence and perceptions of future relevance. A structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 200 external auditors from both Big Four and non-Big Four firms, and the data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The findings indicate that while auditors acknowledge the growing importance of IT, a significant gap persists between their existing expertise and the skills required to adopt future IT tools effectively. This gap is most pronounced for advanced technologies such as machine learning, process mining, and robotic process automation. On the other hand, regression analysis highlights that work experience and hierarchical position of external auditors significantly influence IT knowledge and perceptions of relevance. Conversely, demographic factors such as age, gender, education, and firm size did not show a significant impact. The study underscores the need for targeted professional development, particularly for senior auditors, to bridge the technological gap. The results suggest that regulatory and educational bodies should implement strategic initiatives to ensure external auditors are equipped to meet the evolving demands of the audit profession in a rapidly changing technological landscape.

Keluarga sebagai Pilar Perdamaian: Analisis Pendidikan Karakter, Pendidikan Multikultural, dan Filosofi Tembang Macapat

AbstractThis research explores the values of peace that come from character education, multicultural education, and the philosophy of tembang macapat for developing peace through peace education in the family. This research uses a qualitative method by conducting literature analysis and philosophical analysis of tembang macapat on the YouTube channel. The results showed that first, peace education has four core concepts as a “big umbrella” to develop peace education in a small or local scope, namely: positive peace and negative peace, peace education as a transformative practice, non-violence, and a culture of peace; second, peace education values in the family are categorized into three groups, namely: primary group, secondary group, and tertiary group. Although categorized into three groups, it does not mean that the three have a hierarchical position, one is more important than the other because the categorization effort aims to show the connection of the values obtained from the three different sources; and third, the family is the pillar of peace, so building peace must start from the family. Therefore, peace education in the family must be prepared seriously, considering the microsystem, ecosystem, and macrosystem aspects. Thus, peace education in the family will be more holistic (relevant, contextual, and transformative).

Police officer occupational health: a model of organizational constraints, trauma exposure, perceived resources, and agency

BackgroundPolice officers constitute a work force at high risk due to their highly demanding work conditions. In a realistic paradigm, these conditions, and other determinants of their psychological health, can be linked to a multitude of variables that interplay altogether. However, current literature that simultaneously models–quantitatively from observed data–such a multitude of variables is sparse. This study took upon this objective to further theoretical and applied understandings through a measurement framework on empirical data, and allow the data to drive some features of model development, such as variable groupings into factors, and paths between factors.MethodsA total of 1312 officers from various police bureaus fully responded to a questionnaire composed of validated instruments for assessing factors related to psychological and occupational health, consisting of more than 25 variables. Statistical analyses were performed in progressing complexity, namely t-tests, correlations, multiple regression, factor analysis, and path analysis with latent factors.ResultsThe regression analysis identified 10 significant variables, in which decision latitude, organizational justice, and work recognition/meaning were the most protective, and these 10 variables coincided with those found significant in the t-test and correlational results. In higher complexity, the latent path analysis resulted in a model of 6 factors: Psychological Health, Organizational Constraints, Trauma Exposure, Perceived Resources, Sense of Agency, and Esteem. Organizational Constraints (β = -0.32, inferred by psychological demands and role conflict), Perceived Resources (β = 0.31, social support, a self/work-esteem subfactor, and organizational justice), Sense of Agency (β = 0.30, decision latitude, hierarchical position, right to carry a firearm), and Trauma Exposure (β = -0.14, frequency/time since event, used a firearm, years of service) were found significantly associated with Psychological Health. Within each factor, specific variables could be identified as the most associated, such as role conflict for constraints, self/work-esteem for resources, decision latitude for agency, and frequency of and time since trauma for trauma exposure. Our results therefore encourage us to take into account not only agency, but also past professional experiences in models for managing well-being.ConclusionsProviding police officers with social support at work, recognition, work meaning, fair proceedings and pay (organizational justice, especially for female and young officers), decision-making power (decision latitude), and minimizing conflictual information and procedures (role conflict) is of utmost importance. Officers with higher years of service, working in lower population cities, and who recently used their firearm, should be considered for trauma counseling. The degree of psychological demands of police officers should be regularly assessed, and reduced if possible. Reminders of support and integration in the force for officers with variables linked to a perceived lack of agency may be useful in their facing work challenges. Future integrative modeling research may be crucial to better understanding the relative contribution of each variable and their interplay in realistic settings, providing also a framework for measurement.

Decolonising physical literacy for human and planetary well-being

Abstract Traditionally, physical education has focused on movement competency to develop skills for successful performance in different physical activities. Recently, however, the focus of many physical educators is shifting to notions of physical literacy to promote human flourishing through embodied experiences across multiple and diverse movement contexts well beyond physical education. While this shift is a welcome corrective to more traditional approaches to physical education, mainstream conceptions of physical literacy remain unduly narrow as rooted in colonial logics that continue to separate humans from the Earth while locating dominant categories of the human in hierarchical positions of power. In response, this article is an entanglement of Western and Métis embodiments of physical literacy. Deconstructing universalising models and modes of physical literacy set in dominant Western constructs, we seek to foster culturally relevant and meaningful physical literacy to promote physical activity and the wholistic health and well-being of Indigenous, or specifically, Red River Métis teachers and learners in Winnipeg, Canada. In doing so, we seek to provide a (re)visioning of human/Earth relationships as cultivated through movement-with Land; and thus, strengthen physical educational practices that more adequately attends to social (human) and ecological (Earth) flourishing in the context of global climate change.

Early childhood educators: anchors amidst chaos. Agility and adaptive leadership in Israel’s October 7th war

ABSTRACT The current research is a pioneering mixed-method study investigating the perspectives of 177 early childhood educators (ECEs) in Israel during the challenges of the October 7th war launched by Hamas. It examines their role in maintaining stability amid wartime uncertainty, using a theoretical framework of adaptive and agile leadership. The research addresses a gap in literature regarding ECEs perspectives in wartime, aiming to contribute valuable insights to the academic discourse, focusing on how ECEs’ leadership manifested at that time. Findings reveal significant responsibilities, management complexities, and emotional burdens faced by educators following the outbreak of war. While head kindergarten teachers showed greater perceptions of leadership qualities compared to their assistants, no significant correlation was found between leadership perception and workplace safety. Kindergarten teachers (KTs) reported lower safety levels. Changes at work correlated with positive perceptions of functioning and safety. Qualitative analysis highlighted adaptive responses to maintain safety and address needs, including changes in location, schedules, readiness for war, emotional and pedagogical aspects, and staffing. The correlation between the hierarchical position of KTs within the management structure and their perceptions of leadership, responsibility, and safety during this period is unmistakable.

Promoting Equitable Human and Planetary Health Co-Benefits: An Opportunity for U.S. Leadership

Climate change is a public health emergency, and many communities have called on policymakers to address its far-reaching consequences on human and planetary health. As research shows, the hierarchical ordering of people and other living beings as more or less worthy of protection has contributed to environmental degradation and the current state of the climate crisis, which impact everyone regardless of hierarchical position. Several climate solutions have health co-benefits that can promote collective well-being when designed and implemented equitably. The United States has an opportunity to become a global leader by advancing transformative policies that harness the potential of these human-and-planet co-benefit solutions. Active (human-powered) transportation and use of green spaces represent two co-benefit solutions that show promise for equitably addressing public and planetary health. Policymakers are encouraged to work alongside communities to identify, develop, and implement co-benefit solutions that meet the collective needs of local populations while benefiting public and planetary health more broadly.

How the ESG practices increase the job satisfaction?

Purpose This study aims to investigate the impact of environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) factors on job satisfaction within the context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), addressing a notable gap in understanding these relationships. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 97 full-time and part-time employees using a tailored survey instrument. Control variables included demographic factors, such as gender, age, marital status and hierarchical position. The study postulated four moderation hypotheses, conducted rigorous significance tests and demonstrated strong model reliability and validity, along with highly satisfactory fit parameters. Findings The findings confirm a positive association between the E, S and G factors and job satisfaction perceptions. Marital status was identified as a moderator in the relationship between social dimensions and job satisfaction. In addition, the multigroup analysis revealed variations in the associations between ESG dimensions and job satisfaction across different age groups, marital statuses and hierarchical positions. Originality/value The main contribution of this research lies in filling a significant gap in the understanding of how sociodemographic variables influence the relationship between employees and socially responsible behavior in SMEs.

Gender Disparities in Academic Publishing in Argentina. A Review of Political Science Journals (2011–2021)

Given the scarcity of women in hierarchical positions in academic institutions, it is worth asking whether a gender gap in publications precedes this issue. We examine the gender gap in publications in eight of the most important Political Science journals in Argentina. We reviewed 974 peer-reviewed articles from 144 volumes published between 2011 and 2021, focusing on three dimensions: gender gaps in authorship, co-authorship patterns, and subfield affinities. Our findings suggest that while there is a gender gap in authorship in Political Science journals, it is not as significant as the gap documented in similar studies conducted in other countries. Furthermore, we found no evidence that the gender gap is due to co-authorship patterns. Finally, in terms of subfield affinities, our results suggest that male and female political scientists in Argentina have different affinities for topics within the field, and that journals that emphasise topics favoured by men have a larger gender gap.

“A profession that is a story”: blurred professional identity of CKO’s

ABSTRACT The appointment of a Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO) is recognized not only as a key success factor in knowledge management (KM) practices but also as an essential element for future corporate success. This study uses the interpretive philosophical perspective to understand CKOs’ subjective views regarding their professional identity (PI). The triangulation method was adopted, according to the methodological framework of the grounded theory. We found that participants experience structured conflict and disharmony in their PI, struggling to present their professional selves to the social environment. These difficulties are mainly affected by the multitude of nicknames given to the CKO’s position, considerable variation in training, and differences in the hierarchical position between organizations. The results imply a lack of sufficient awareness about the KM discipline. This paper enriches the empirical knowledge regarding significant difficulties faced by CKOs and provides a more nuanced picture of the PI concept.

Burnout and sleep quality in sports managers

Sports managers have great responsibilities aimed at coordinating and directing the organization through the employed staff who will be given precise tasks, regardless of their hierarchical position. Perfectionism or unfulfilled expectations can influence employees’ subjective state, making them more or less vulnerable and prone to burnout. In the present study sleep quality and burnout dimensions (exhaustion and work disengagement) were addressed, in successful sports managers (n = 20), and, also, in the case of future managers (n = 23). The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory and The ATHENS Insomnia Scale were used. For data analysis and processing independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney (U) test were performed. The results emphasized that female successful managers reported significantly poorer sleep quality and higher daytime sleepiness compared to male successful sports managers. Gender-related differences in terms of burnout dimensions were, also, discussed.

Resilience patterns in the analysis of social-ecological networks of small-scale fishing in a subtropical estuarine system

Network analysis concepts and tools are being increasingly applied to Social-ecological systems (SES) in human-environment and sustainability sciences. In this study, we used the Gao metric (βeff) to measure the resilience of networks in small-scale fisheries (SSF) in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC). The purpose was to evaluate the variations and trends in network resilience across eight hydrological sectors of the PEC during different seasons. Our analysis revealed that the βeff metric varied significantly across the eight SES sectors, suggesting that resilience is not uniformly distributed. Notably, the sectors located internally the estuary exhibited lower resilience values than the others. The average trophic level of the fishery catches was the higher hierarchical position variable that most affected the network topological metrics, followed by variables magnitude of conflicts, water and sediment quality, and rainfall. Our hydrodynamic sectorization, reflecting ecological and social interactions, enabled us to identify distinct interaction networks within the PEC. This shows the complexity of managing these SES to ensure the sustainability and resilience of the system. While other variables and spatial and temporal scales could lead to different estimates and relationships, our findings shed light on the importance of resilience quantification and the interaction networks within SES to manage them effectively.

Hierarchical Social Distance: Social Attitudes Toward Ethnic and Immigrant Groups in a Midwestern City

Using the Bogardus social distance scale, the study examined residents' social attitudes toward 10 ethnic and immigrant groups. The analysis focused on Burmese immigrants, a rapidly growing ethnic group in the community. Findings suggest that residents consider whites the closest in social distance, followed by African Americans and Latino immigrants. Burmese immigrants are positioned only slightly closer than Russian immigrants and Muslims. Respondents who are male, Roman Catholic, hold a college degree or higher, and have a higher income demonstrate a greater level of social acceptance of Burmese immigrants. Those who had direct interaction with Burmese, support public resources for diversity and cultural events, maintain optimistic perspectives about the economy and community safety, and believe that immigrants strengthen American society also prefer a closer social distance with Burmese immigrants compared to their counterparts. When comparing these findings with previous research, the rank order of whites–African Americans–Latinos–Asians–Muslims on the social distance scale remains consistent across studies. We argue that social distance scores reveal hierarchical group positions in the larger society.

Why Do Swiss HR Departments Dislike Algorithms in Their Recruitment Process? An Empirical Analysis

This study investigates the factors influencing the aversion of Swiss HRM departments to algorithmic decision-making in the hiring process. Based on a survey provided to 324 private and public HR professionals, it explores how privacy concerns, general attitude toward AI, perceived threat, personal development concerns, and personal well-being concerns, as well as control variables such as gender, age, time with organization, and hierarchical position, influence their algorithmic aversion. Its aim is to understand the algorithmic aversion of HR employees in the private and public sectors. The following article is based on three PLS-SEM structural equation models. Its main findings are that privacy concerns are generally important in explaining aversion to algorithmic decision-making in the hiring process, especially in the private sector. Positive and negative general attitudes toward AI are also very important, especially in the public sector. Perceived threat also has a positive impact on algorithmic aversion among private and public sector respondents. While personal development concerns explain algorithmic aversion in general, they are most important for public actors. Finally, personal well-being concerns explain algorithmic aversion in both the private and public sectors, but more so in the latter, while our control variables were never statistically significant. This said, this article makes a significant contribution to explaining the causes of the aversion of HR departments to recruitment decision-making algorithms. This can enable practitioners to anticipate these various points in order to minimize the reluctance of HR professionals when considering the implementation of this type of tool.

Poderes partidarios y reclutamiento ministerial. El caso argentino

Objective/context: Party recruitment is a crucial governance tool in contemporary democracies. Presidential and parliamentary heads of government distribute ministerial portfolios to party members in exchange for essential political resources, such as legislative support. This article explores the relationship between government formation and political parties, with parties that are not very institutionalized. In particular, it examines the extent to which arguments about presidential cabinet formation hold up when the hierarchical level of party ministers is considered. Methodology: This statistical study uses a generalized linear model (GLM) with a binomial distribution and a logit link function with robust standard errors. It aims to carry out causality exploration to test the original indicators of the proposed dependent variables. Conclusions: Hierarchy and partisan powers are relevant factors to complement existing explanations of ministerial recruitment strategies. Originality: Comparative research on government formation and its connection to political parties has made significant progress, focusing on the distinction between ministers affiliated and not affiliated with a party. However, this dichotomous approach neglects consideration of the hierarchical position within the party structure, a fundamental aspect of the governing party model underlying parliamentary democracies. This article presents a trichotomous measure that considers the hierarchical level of ministers.

Ownership as a Bundle of Rights: Antecedents of the Wedge Between Control and Cash-Flow Rights Within Firms

In this paper, we examine the antecedents of ownership rights within multiunit firms, focusing on the wedge between the control rights and cash-flow rights that parent companies hold over their subsidiaries. We argue that a key antecedent of a parent’s ownership rights in a subsidiary is the extent of the subsidiary’s interdependencies with the firm. Exploring two such interdependencies, we hypothesize that (1) the wedge between parents’ control and cash-flow rights is smaller for subsidiaries that are more closely related to the firm and (2) there is a U-shaped relationship between the extent of a firm’s multimarket contact in an industry and the wedge between parents’ control rights and cash-flow rights for subsidiaries that operate in that industry. We tested our predictions and found evidence supporting the first hypothesis and mixed results for the second in a sample of subsidiaries newly added to French manufacturing firms through acquisitions or de novo creations. In supplementary analyses, we also found that a subsidiary’s interdependencies are also associated with its hierarchical position within the firm’s formal authority structure. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/stsc.2022.0114 .

Manifesting learning in the workplace: an activity theoretical study of professional learning in preschool using active learning classrooms

PurposeThe purpose of this study is the development of a methodology that draws on activity theory (AT) to assess educators’ and leaders’ professional learning in a pre-school setting.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports on a case study of professional development in an active learning classroom (ALC) where 20 professionals participated in a one-day writing workshop. AT was used to analyse the writing workshop as well as data from reflective writing, video recordings, interviews and surveys.FindingsThe paper shows that professional development is significantly influenced by a range of mediating technologies used in educational spaces such as the ALC. The mediated practice breaks normal work practice in the pre-school activity system and division of labour roles, and hierarchical positions and professional relationships. Such a break is considered to facilitate a manifestation of professional learning. However, it also poses a risk for organisational disruptions emphasising the need for diagnostic understanding when an ALC should be used for capturing workplace learning.Practical implicationsStructured writing workshops – taking place in ALCs – provide a suitable forum that breaks with routines, accelerates collective reflections and articulation of negotiated meaning and produces a common ground across hierarchical roles supporting collective professional development in the activity system.Originality/valueUnlike previous research focusing on student perspectives, this study views these spaces as settings for professionals to recognise and solve developmental problems. It suggests that structured writing workshops in ALCs can accelerate collective reflection and support collective professional development across hierarchical roles.

Pain During Incarceration: Searching for Safety in Hypermasculine Correctional Settings.

Hypermasculine prison culture produces hierarchies based on individuals' ability to assert dominance through strength and violence. Pain can impact physical strength, thereby limiting the ability to elevate or maintain social status within such hierarchies. The aim of the study was to explore the pain experiences of incarcerated men who were embedded into hypermasculine prison culture. Interpretive description co-positioned with relational ethics informed the study design. Twelve males participated in 1-hour interviews, which were transcribed verbatim and analyzed inductively to identify themes. The data analysis occurred in three phases: sorting and organizing, making sense of patterns, and transforming patterns into findings. We found that correctional settings were characterized by a social culture of toxic hypermasculinity that influenced the pain experiences of people who were incarcerated. Individuals who experienced pain were more vulnerable to self-isolation in situations in which pain threatened their ability to defend themselves and their previously established social status within the prison hierarchy. Yet, those who felt secure in subordinate hierarchical positions and had effective peer relationships perceived greater safety in communal settings, which proved to be a distraction from pain. In the context of incarceration, positive peer relationships and perceptions of safety positively influenced individuals' experience of pain.

Why Do Activists in Exile Support Civil Society in Non-democratic Regimes? The Case of Perviy Otdel

Abstract This study delves into the identities and motivations of members, specifically focusing on the human rights organization, of Perviy Otdel (First Department). Amid escalating tensions and the outbreak of war, these activists find themselves navigating the challenges of addressing politically-charged court cases related to state treason in Russia, all while operating from abroad due to increased risks and threats. Drawing from the theoretical lenses of transnational activism and an identity-based paradigm, our research unpacks the complex dynamics of activism in exile. Through a discourse analysis of ten semi-structured interviews with Perviy Otdel members spanning various hierarchical positions, research uncovers how the war and subsequent displacement have reshaped their professional and personal identities. The findings illuminate the unwavering commitment of these activists-in-exile to the cause of human rights and offer insights into the evolving landscape of global human rights advocacy in the face of geopolitical challenges.