Hidden Watermarks Research Articles

Data Provenance for Cloud Computing using Watermark

The term data is new oil which has become a proverb due to large amount of data generation from various sources. Processing and storing such tremendous amount of data is beyond the capabilities of traditional computing system. Cloud computing preferably considered next-generation architecture due to dynamic resource pools, low cost, reliability, virtualization, and high availability. In cloud computing, one important issue is to track and record the origin of data objects which is known as data provenance. Major challenges to provenance management in distributed environment are privacy and security. This paper presents data provenance management for cloud computing using watermarking technique. The experiment is performed by using both visible and hidden watermarks on shared data objects stored in cloud computing environment. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and reliability of proposed technique.

A Novel Self-adaptive Discrete Wavelet Transform Digital Watermarking Algorithm

On the basis of the research of wavelet transform and digital watermarking technology,this paper proposed a self-adaptive discrete wavelet transform(DWT) digital watermarking algorithm, which can achieve the purpose of embedding hidden watermarks by decompose three-level wavelet of image and decompose bit-plane of watermarking gray scale image by Arnold scrambling transformation. Layer adaptive threshold and quantizer were referenced in this algorithm, and which adaptive selected coefficient of detail subbands of embedded watermarking to improve the robustness of the watermarking. In testing of semi-blind watermarking, renewing of watermarking based on the embedding sequence of point locations and the quantizer sequence without participation of the original image. Experimental results show that the algorithm is effective to improve the robustness of the cut, adding noise, filtering, and compression image attack treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i11.2761

A Feature-Based Robust Watermarking Scheme Using Circular Invariant Regions

This paper addresses a feature-based robust watermarking scheme for digital images using a local invariant features of SURF (Speeded-Up Robust Feature) descriptor. In general, the feature invariance is exploited to achieve robustness in watermarking schemes, but the leakage of information about hidden watermarks from publicly known locations and sizes of features are not considered carefully in security perspective. We propose embedding and detection methods where the watermark is bound with circular areas and inserted into extracted circular feature regions. These methods enhance the robustness since the circular watermark is inserted into the selected non-overlapping feature regions instead of entire image contents. The evaluation results for repeatability measures of SURF descriptor and robustness measures present the proposed scheme can tolerate various attacks, including signal processing and geometric distortions.

Joint robustness and security enhancement for feature-based image watermarking using invariant feature regions

Local image features have been widely applied in feature-based watermarking schemes. The feature invariance is exploited to achieve robustness against attacks, but the leakage of information about hidden watermarks from publicly known locations and sizes of features are often unconsidered in security. This paper, therefore, proposes a novel image watermarking approach, which adopts invariant feature regions to jointly enhance its robustness and security. Initially, circular feature regions are determined by the scale-adapted auto-correlation matrix and the Laplacian-of-Gaussian operation. Leakage of secret information is also controlled carefully during feature detection procedure. An optimal selection process formulated as a multidimensional knapsack problem is then proposed to select robust non-overlapping regions from those circular feature regions to resist various attacks. This process is implemented by a genetic algorithm-based approach, and incorporates randomization to mitigate the security risk. Finally, each selected region is normalized to obtain a geometrically invariant feature region, and embedded with a region-dependent watermark to overcome the weakness of multiple-redundant watermarks. The evaluation results based on the StirMark benchmark present the proposed scheme can tolerate various attacks, including noise-like signal processing and geometric distortions. A security analysis in terms of differential entropy also confirms the security improvement of the proposed method.

A Visual Cryptography and Statistics Based Method for Ownership Identification of Digital Images

In this paper, a novel copyright protection scheme for digital images based on Visual Cryptography and Statistics is proposed. In our scheme, the theories and properties of sampling distribution of means and visual cryptography are employed to achieve the requirements of robustness and security. Our method does not need to alter the original image and can identify the ownership without resorting to the original image. Besides, our method allows multiple watermarks to be registered for a single host image without causing any damage to other hidden watermarks. Moreover, it is also possible for our scheme to cast a larger watermark into a smaller host image. Finally, experimental results will show the robustness of our scheme against several common attacks. Keywords—Copyright protection, digital watermarking, sampling distribution, visual cryptography.

Holographic approach to embedding hidden watermarks in a photographic image

This paper presents a holographic approach to embedding hidden watermarks in photographic images. A physical interpretation is given of the processes of embedding and visualizing hidden watermarks. It is established that a Fourier transformation of watermarks embedded in the frequency domain with a shift relative to the coordinate origin is a digital Fourier hologram. An optimized method is developed for introducing watermarks, based on a Fourier hologram with a single sideband. Experimental studies on typical photographic equipment showed stable reconstruction of watermarks for Fourier holograms. © 2005 Optical Society of America