Hidden Secret Research Articles

A Cryptographic Data Hiding Algorithm with High Cover Text Capacity

Cryptography and steganography are foremost techniques used to ensure security and confidentiality of secret information. In steganography, data hiding capacity with security is a great challenge for the researchers. In present scheme, a novel approach with combination of steganography and cryptography is proposed to achieve high data hiding capacity with greater security. To accomplish this goal, three level encryption is applied to hide secret message by using bit complement and bit right rotation. Different Unicode characters such as zero width non-joiner (ZWNJ), zero width joiner (ZWJ) and zero width character (ZWC), are used to conceal secret information into English cover text. To embed secret data into cover text, firstly, algorithm implements three level encryption on confidential data and then resulting binary is embedded into cover text by using Unicode characters. The results revealed that recently designed algorithm has higher data security due to light weight and efficient encryption mechanism along with 2-bit/char cover text capacity. Moreover, there is no overhead of secret key generation and exchange from source to destination. Projected technique is easy to implement, hard to break and reduces intruder's attention.

Information security model using data embedding technique for enhancing perceptibility and robustness

Information concealing using steganography is simple, but to maintain its security, perceptibility, robustness, embedding capacity and better recovery of both covers as well as secret data are the major issues. This paper is focused on the improvement in all these major issues. The proposed technique embedded the image and audio as secret data into the randomly selected frames of the video using multi frame exploiting modification direction (MFEMD) algorithm. Hence, it is very difficult to understand in which part of video, data is hidden. At the receiver end, we have used the forensic tool for authentication to improve the data security. Furthermore the obtained simulation results are found to be better than any other existing methods in terms of good visual recovery of both original video and secret data, embedding capacity, security of hidden secret data. Different types of attacks are applied on stego video during transmission like visual, chi-square, histogram, etc. to improve the perceptibility and robustness of secret data.

Узел цифровой обработки речевого сигнала, обеспечивающий криптографическую защиту интерфейса с блоком шифрования данных для устройства скрытной передачи закрытой информации

Узел цифровой обработки речевого сигнала, обеспечивающий криптографическую защиту интерфейса с блоком шифрования данных для устройства скрытной передачи закрытой информации

Hidden Secrets In The Fossilized Bones Of A Cretaceous Crocodyliform From Brazil

Hidden Secrets In The Fossilized Bones Of A Cretaceous Crocodyliform From Brazil

Kepler’s Ellipse Generated by the Trigonometrically Organized Gravitons

Johannes Kepler made his great breakthrough when he discovered the elliptical path of the planet Mars around the Sun located in one focus of that ellipse (on the 11th October in 1605 in a letter to Fabricius). The first generation of researchers in the 17th century intensively discussed about the possible mechanism needed for the generation of that elliptical orbit and about the function of the empty focus of that ellipse. First generations of researchers proposed an interplay between attractive and repulsive forces that might guide the planet on its elliptical orbit. Isaac Newton made a giant mathematical progress in his Principia and introduced the concept of the attractive gravitational force between the Sun and planets. However, Newton did not propose a possible mechanism behind this attractive force. Albert Einstein in 1915 left the concept of attractive and repulsive forces and introduced his Theory based on the elastic spacetime. In his concept gravity itself became fictitious force and the attraction is explained via the elastic spacetime. In our proposed model we try to re-open the discussion of Old Masters on the existence of attractive and repulsive forces. The guiding principle for our trigonometrical model is the generation of the ellipse discovered by one of the last ancient Greek mathematicians – Anthemius of Tralles – who generated the ellipse by the so-called gardener’s method (one string and two pins fixed to the foci of that ellipse). Frans van Schooten in 1657 invented a series of original simple mechanisms for generating ellipses, hyperbolas, and parabolas. Schooten’s antiparallelogram might simulate the interplay of attractive and repulsive forces creating the elliptical path. We propose a model with trigonometrically organized Solar and planet gravitons. In this model the Solar and planet gravitons are reflected and refracted in predetermined directions so that their joint momentum transferred on the planet atoms guides the planet on an elliptical path around the Sun. At this stage we cannot directly measure the gravitons but we can use the analogy with behavior of photons. We propose to observe paths of photons emitted from one focus of the ellipse towards the QUARTER-silvered elliptical mirror. 1/4 of photons will be reflected towards to the second empty focus and the ¾ of photons might be reflected and refracted into the trigonometrically expected directions. (Until now we have experimental data only for the FULLY–silvered elliptical mirrors). The observed behavior of photons with the quarter-silvered elliptic mirror might support this concept or to exclude this model as a wrong model. The quantitative values of attractive and repulsive forces could be found from the well-known geometrical properties of the ellipse. The characteristic lengths of distances will be inserted into the great formula of Isaac Newton - the inverse square law. (In order to explain some orbit anomalies, we can use Paul Gerber’s formula derived for the Pierre Fermat principle). We have found that the Kant’s ellipse rotating on the Keppler’s ellipse might express the co-operation of attractive and repulsive forces to guide the planet on its elliptic path. Finally, we have derived a new formula inspired by Bradwardine - Newton - Tan - Milgrom that might contribute to the MOND gravitational model. We have found that the Kepler ellipse is the very elegant curve that might still keep some hidden secrets waiting for our future research.

Steganalysis for Reversible Data Hiding based on Neural Networks and Convolutional Neural Networks

Lossless data hiding techniques is a technique that is very interested. In which there is a large amount of reversible information hidden technologies. This technique is technically possible to restore the original image after extracting the information from the stego image. The stego image (image to be hidden secret data) is not detected hardly any variable. There are many studies for this field is published. Secret information is hidden on the pixel space, frequency (cosine, wavelet) coefficient space or difference image coefficient space. However, by analysing meticulously between the cover image and the stego image on these space can be detect abnormal signs. In my previous work, we produced a steganalytic techniques based on analysing the transform coefficient histogram with the correct detection ratio between 88% and 92%. In this article, my team give another method to improve the detection ratio of that steganalysis based on Neural Networks (NNs) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Our test results show 94% correct detection rates for NNs and 93% for CNNs, this is a better result than our previous method. This proposed approach can be applied to detect stego images on spatial and other frequency domain.

Hide Secret Messages in Raster Images for Transmission to Satellites using a 2-D Wavelet Packet

The hiding of information has become of great importance in recent times. With dissemination through the internet, and communication through satellites, information needs to be secure. Therefore, a new algorithm is proposed that enables secret messages to be embedded inside satellite images, wherein images of any size or format can be hidden, using a system’s image compression techniques. This operation is executed in three main steps: first phase – the original image is converted into a raster image; second phase – steganography, in which a binary secret message is hidden inside a raster image, using a 4×4 array as the secret key; and third phase – compression of the stego-image raster in L2 and L3 using a 2-D wavelet packet. The outcome is a highly efficient algorithm, which can rapidly conceal information inside transmitted satellite images, thus guarding against revealing information to potential cyber-attackers.

The Tourist and the Traveller: Embracing the Paradoxes of Innovation

Have you ever been a tourist or a traveller? How did you plan that? What experiences did you collect? Ask a tourist and they will tell you that it is all about maximising time and money – see as many things as possible, take a picture and move on. Ask a traveller and they will tell you all about the hidden secrets of the land, how they felt when they met “that person” and how the experience has changed their worldview. So, question for the budding globe trotter is – what would you rather have – efficient quick wins or productive shifts in mindset? Maybe the plan is to have both at the same time and if so, you share similar sentiments to those who are either contemplating or already are on the journey of innovation. Yes, innovation is a journey in which destinations are often temporary. Where, journey is that of collecting knowledge and learning from experiences and destinations are the ‘photo-opportunities’, the time to sharpen up, go-to-market and get smarter. Destinations are temporary as the quest to get to the ‘next best thing’ keeps the senses active. Scholars in innovation call this the circular path of innovation: research-development-commercialisation-feedback-reflection (and repeat). (...)

Hidden Secrets of the New England IPA

Hidden Secrets of the New England IPA

Comparative comparison between the characters of Jamie’s tale of (Salamon & Absal) and Avicenna ’s Hayy Ebn Yaqzan and Andalusian Ebn Tofeyl’s hayy Ebn Yaqazan

Brilliant models of allegory and secretive tales are observable in mystical and philosophical works of Persian literature in verse and prose. Avicenna is the first person who has written the philosophical tale of Hayy Ebn Yaqzan in mystical clothing and symbolic style. In this philosophical and symbolic epistle, Avicenna has represented evolution stages of human in request of hidden secrets and sublime insight and spiritual life, and in travers of behavior stages he became aware of the truth that there is a spiritual life other than corporeal life. Therefore he is guided to spiritual world by sense and by the help of active wisdom. Then Andalusian Ebn Tofeyl has combined Avicenna ’s tales of Hayy Ebn Yaqzan and Salamon & Absal and recompiled it in a symbolic form and wrote it out with philosophical array. In this tale Hayy Ebn Yaqzan was grown alone in an island and he was attracted by comprehension and perception of the reality by external senses, recognition of palpable worlds and by discovery. Despite some similarities with Persian archaic tales, ((Salamon & Absal)) is a Greek legend in fact, which was received by Honayn Ebn Eshaq in east by translation from Greek into Arabic for the first time. This tale contains allegorical and philosophical aspects and has Greek quality and Alexandria quality. This tale was changed into a mystical and discovery tale by Avicenna . In fact he made it a part of his ((philosophy of east and west)) equivalent of common philosophy. Jamie wrote the original narrative of Honayn Ebn Eshaq in a symbolic form with artistic, elegant and eloquent statement. This poem is Jamie’s shortest ‘Orang, and also his most gnostic ‘Orang, of his famous Haft ‘Orang. In this tale Salamon is the symbol of soul and Absal is the symbol of body. This research studies the introduced characters in Jamie’s Salamon & Absal and Hayy ebn Yaqzan in Avicenna ’s and Andalusian Ebn Tofeyl’s tales.

오일러(Euler)와 샤논(Shannon)의 만남

세상에 꽃고 여자도 아름답지만 오일러 공식과 대칭이 가장 아름답다. 샤논은 무선통신과 정보이론이 뿌리가 되는 샤논 정리를 오일러 정리에 기반해 정보와 통신에 응용했고, 오늘날 Smart Phone의 원리다. 그들의 만난 점은 MIMO(multiple input and multiple output) 다중안테나 다이버시티가 <TEX>$e^{-SNR}$</TEX> 이다. 본 논문에서는 세상에서 가장 아름다운 공식 <TEX>$e^{{\pi}i}+1=0$</TEX>를 발견한 오일러와 무선통신과 정보통신을 탄생시킨 <TEX>$C=Blog_2(1+{\frac{S}{N}})$</TEX>을 발견한 샤논의 공식을 간단히 유도하고 이 두 거장은 샤논 한계(Shannon limit)에서 만남을 증명하고 숨어있는 비밀이 무엇인가를 밝힌다. 또한 대수학코딩이론(Algebraic coding theory)와 삼각함수 속에 숨겨진 비밀은 대칭(symmetric)과 Element-wise Inverse가 됨을 발견한다. The flower and woman are beautiful but Euler's theorem and the symmetry are the best. Shannon applied his theorem to information and communication based on Euler's theorem. His theorem is the root of wireless communication and information theory and the principle of today smart phone. Their meeting point is <TEX>$e^{-SNR}$</TEX> of MIMO(multiple input and multiple output) multiple antenna diversity. In this paper, Euler, who discovered the most beautiful formula(<TEX>$e^{{\pi}i}+1=0$</TEX>) in the world, briefly guided Shannon's formula (<TEX>$C=Blog_2(1+{\frac{S}{N}})$</TEX>) to discover the origin of wireless communication and information communication, and these two masters prove a meeting at the Shannon limit, It reveals something what this secret. And we find that it is symmetry and element-wise inverse are the hidden secret in algebraic coding theory and triangular function.

The Avicennanaestimatio (al-wahm)in Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s Theory of Talismanic Action at a Distance

In al-Sirr al-Maktūm (‘The Hidden Secret’), a magisterial work on astral magic, the twelfth century Persian philosopher-theologian Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī formulated one of the most sophisticated theories of talismanic action at a distance ever produced in the Islamic world. Al-Rāzī deployed Avicennan psychology to explain how a practitioner’s soul might connect with the celestial spheres, the principles of sublunary change, and ‘blend’ their forces into a talismanic metal idol; then, performing a ritual mimetic of his intended effect, could direct these forces to bring about his objective, from a distance, altering sublunary phenomena in accordance with his will. In constructing this theory, Rāzī drew on the psychologizing Avicennan accounts of thaumaturgy and veridical dreams, foregrounding what was common to both: the internal sense known as the wahm (aestimatio).

SECURE VISUAL SECRET SHARING BASED ON DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORM

Visual Cryptography Scheme (VCS) is an encryption method to encode secret written materials. This method converts the secret written material into an image. Then encode this secret image into n shadow images called shares. For the recreation of the original secret, all or some selected subsets of shares are needed; individual shares are of no use on their own. The secret image can be recovered simply by selecting some subset of these n shares, makes transparencies of them and stacking on top of each other. Nowadays, the data security has an important role. The shares can be altered by an attacker. So providing security to the shares is important. This paper proposes a method of adding security to cryptographic shares. This method uses two dimensional discrete wavelet transform to hide visual secret shares. Then the hidden secrets are distributed among participants through the internet. All hidden shares are extracted to reconstruct the secret.

False and multi-secret steganography in digital images

This paper presents the new concepts of multi-secret and false digital image steganography. The main idea of such approaches is to embed in a single container (digital image) more than one message. The hidden secrets are called real and false messages, respectively. The first one contains essential data which are intended to be securely transferred between different parties, the latter is a bait for focusing attention on an unimportant message. This false and multi-secret steganography will be broken when existence of the real message is revealed, it does not matter whether the false message is detected. Such concepts may find many different applications, especially in situations where communication channel between a sender and a receiver is closely monitored and the warden suspects that the steganography is used. In that case it is probable that the transmitted data will be analyzed in a very detailed way. The concepts described in this paper can help to overcome this problem by dropping a fabricated message and thereby deceiving the warden. The possibility of sending both real and false information at the same time can be seen as additional benefit. In fact, the presented idea allows to establish a kind of subliminal channel while transferring hidden information using digital images.

Calculating the energy of electron in H-atom using modified SUSY physics

In this paper considering the authors previously proposed SUS y concept - 'fermion and boson mass ratio is close to 2.26' and considering the electroweak neutral boson, an attempt is made to understand the total energy of revolving electron in the hydrogen atom. thus in this paper authors succeeded in extending the basic applications of SUSy and electroweak theory to atomic level. With further research and analysis, the hidden secrets of electroweak unification can be understood very easily.

Hidden secrets of the Tasman

Hidden secrets of the Tasman

SECURED DATA HIDING BY USING EXTENDED VISUAL CRYPTOGRAPHY

Due to the rapid advancement of the internet large amount of data is transmitted over the internet. Some of the transmitted information is very important like password, confidential file, security codes etc. so it is very important to provide security to these data. In computer technology there are two ways to provide security to the data they are cryptography & steganography. Although, in the past, there has been various research related to cryptography & steganography but neither of them provide enough & strong security. So this paper proposes a novel approach for data hiding by combining steganography & extended visual cryptography. Visual cryptography was invented by Moni Naor & Adi Shamir in 1994. Visual cryptography hide secret image within one or more images & then generate shares. For share generation this paper uses Visual Information Pixel (VIP) & error diffusion technique.

Presupposing equality

Rancière’s political thought is the object of growing fascination, particularly as a lens through which to interpret contemporary political protests, yet his conception of axiomatic equality remains unexamined. This article investigates Rancière’s account of equality as a ‘presupposition’, showing that an axiom of equality guides momentary acts of resistance, but also serves as a ‘necessary and sufficient condition’ of all societies, however hierarchical. Although this account holds some appeal, I argue that it restricts equality to two, not especially satisfying possibilities: a temporary revelation or a hidden secret. This rendering of axiomatic equality is symptomatic of Rancière’s general hostility toward institutional politics. Because Rancière tends to depict ‘institutions’ per se as oppressive, equality is positioned ‘outside’ the socio-political order – as its fleeting interruption or disavowed condition of possibility. I argue, on the contrary, that a radically egalitarian politics today should affirm a practice-centered project of institution-building.

What’s Hidden in Gravity Falls: Strange Creatures and the Gothic Intertext

What’s Hidden in Gravity Falls: Strange Creatures and the Gothic Intertext

Relics of the Great War

From `archaeologists in the trenches to modern-day enthusiasts of the rich engineering heritage, First World War archaeology keeps uncovering more and more hidden secrets.