Hidden Potential Research Articles

MassiveFold: unveiling AlphaFold's hidden potential with optimized and parallelized massive sampling.

Massive sampling in AlphaFold enables access to increased structural diversity. In combination with its efficient confidence ranking, this unlocks elevated modeling capabilities for monomeric structures and foremost for protein assemblies. However, the approach struggles with GPU cost and data storage. Here we introduce MassiveFold, an optimized and customizable version of AlphaFold that runs predictions in parallel, reducing the computing time from several months to hours. MassiveFold is scalable and able to run on anything from a single computer to a large GPU infrastructure, where it can fully benefit from all the computing nodes.

Use of long-acting triple therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in practice: The ELETHON physicians' survey

Gaps in optimal COPD management have been identified in clinical practice, with discrepancies between guideline recommendations and routine care. The reasons for such discrepancies are incompletely understood. The ELETHON survey aimed to identify physicians' attitudes towards general concepts of COPD management and, in particular, initiation of inhaled triple therapies. ELETHON was a nationwide cross-sectional survey with general practitioners (GP) and pulmonary specialists (PS) working in the ambulatory outpatient setting in Germany, using a structured 17-item questionnaire (single or multiple choice questions) addressing the topics of secondary prevention, exacerbation detection, strategies for therapy escalation, choice of inhaled triple therapies and evaluation of treatment benefits. Questionnaires filled by n=2028 GPs and n=371 PS were analyzed. In both groups, secondary prevention was deemed important in COPD care (GP/PS 76.4%/90.6%), with inhalation technique, vaccination status, and appropriate inhaled pharmacotherapy as key components. Activity/rehabilitation was rarely mentioned by GPs (48.3% vs. 84.5%). Exacerbations and symptomatic worsening were the main triggers for therapy escalation, but were not recorded in a structured way. "Hospitalization" and "≥2 ambulatory exacerbations" were mentioned most frequently as thresholds. Neither GPs nor PS measured eosinophils in the majority of patients. Fixed triple combinations were preferred, with availability of different treatment steps in the same device as important decision aid. Treatment success was evaluated by exacerbations, quality of life, symptoms, lung function and rescue medication use, while COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score was rarely used by GPs and PS. The ELETHON survey identified gaps in COPD management in Germany. While secondary prevention is deemed important, escalation of inhaled therapy is undertaken rather late, the reported importance of vaccinations does not match current quota in German COPD patients, and non-pharmacological measures are often unused. Exacerbation and symptom documentation is rather subjective, validated questionnaires and blood eosinophils are of minor relevance. These results provide evidence of barriers and hidden potentials towards optimization of routine ambulatory care for COPD patients in Germany.

A comprehensive study of highly repetitive WD40 proteins in cyanobacteria

The WD40 repeat-containing proteins are ancient proteins regulating various cellular and biological processes in eukaryotes. WD40 proteins are extensively studied in eukaryotes, and their genome-wide characterisation has revealed their hidden potential. On the contrary, in-depth taxonomic and functional description of WD40 proteins in prokaryotes, particularly in cyanobacteria, remains largely unexplored. In this study, we have comprehensively analysed cyanobacterial WD40 proteins and detailed comparisons among different cyanobacterial orders. About 7000 WD40 proteins were identified in all six cyanobacterial orders accounting for 22–43 % of all WD40s. While their abundance was less in Chroococcales, Pleurocapsales and, Stigonematales, the WD40s were profoundly present in Nostcales and Oscillatoriales, exhibiting multifarious functions such as cell signalling, transcription factors, catalytic enzymes and scaffold etc. Current systemic analysis showed that most WD40 proteins contain multiple WD40 domains, as indicated by their repeat numbers and average confidence scores. The observation also indicated that most WD40 proteins have complex hydrogen bond networks. Their taxonomic distribution and gene neighbourhood analysis revealed topical or newly repeated duplication events form most WD40s. Further, the studies confirmed that the recently formed WD40 proteins are highly repetitive with higher structural stability. Overall, the result of this study has described an assembly of cyanobacterial WD40 proteins and highlighting their evolution, distribution and probable functions.

The foresight methodology for transitional shale gas reservoirs prediction based on a knowledge graph

The sedimentary environment in the eastern Ordos area of China is complex and contains a large number of transitional facies environments. Yet, there are many characteristics such as large vertical lithology changes, complex lateral sedimentary environment changes, small monolith thickness and large organic matter content changes, which lead to large uncertainty in the prediction of favorable areas for transitional shale gas. As the intricate reservoirs continue to unfold, the conventional linear prediction methods find themselves facing an arduous path to meet the demands of development. The ever-evolving complexity of these reservoirs has outpaced the capabilities of these traditional approaches. It becomes apparent that a more comprehensive and adaptable approach is necessary to navigate the intricacies of these reservoirs and unlock their hidden potential. Therefore, we put forward a method of introducing knowledge graph into transitional shale gas reservoir prediction in the eastern Ordos region by using big data technology. Because artificial intelligence big data relies heavily on data tags, it is particularly important for the construction of tags. Firstly, a top-down knowledge graph in the field of reservoir prediction is constructed to determine the key parameters used in prediction, namely porosity, total organic carbon and brittleness index. Secondly, the decision tree knowledge graph optimization label is constructed in a bottom-up way. The key parameter of this prediction is the knowledge graph obtained according to the professional knowledge of reservoir prediction, so as to optimize the school label of U-net and reduce the workload of artificial judgment. The results of the combination of the two methods are applied to 11 wells in Daji area of Ordos, and the experimental results are consistent with the actual situation of the reservoir. Based on the foundation of theoretical knowledge, this method enhances the efficiency and accuracy of interpretation and evaluation. It provides fundamental and technical support for the selection of favorable areas in shale gas exploration and the evaluation of exploration and development prospects, particularly in transitional shale gas areas, which is innovative and advanced in the field.

Unveiling deep Earth's hidden potential: insights from a new high-pressure phase discovered in a shocked meteorite

In this study, we report the discovery of a novel high-pressure phase within the Suizhou shocked meteorite, shedding light on the extreme conditions encountered during meteorite impacts. Utilizing advanced analytical techniques including electron microprobe and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, we identified a previously unknown crystalline structure formed under high pressures and temperatures. The new mineral, ideally Mg3(Si0.5[]0.5)Si2O8 (the symbol [] stands for structural vacancy), was approved by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA 2024–012) and named ohtaniite in honour of Eiji Ohtani. The phase, a new mineral with the pyroxene chemistry but with wadsleyite structure, was characterized by its distinct crystal lattice and unique physical properties, suggesting a transformation induced by shock compression. This finding expands our understanding of shock-induced mineralogical transformations in extraterrestrial materials and offers insights into the dynamic processes shaping meteorite evolution. Further investigations into these high-pressure phases are crucial for unraveling the geological history of meteorites and their significance in planetary science.

Research on Interest Spread Risk of Commercial Pension Insurance in the Context of Negative Interest Rates

In the current low-interest-rate environment, the high-quality development of the life insurance industry faces many challenges. Among them, interest rate spread risk has a significant impact on the stable operation and long-term healthy development of the life insurance industry. Interest rate spread risk has characteristics such as long-term nature, hidden potential, and systematic impact. When severe, it can lead to the bankruptcy of insurance companies and bring about systemic crises in the industry. This article redefines negative interest rates and the risk of interest rate spread loss in commercial pension insurance, and reviews related literature.

Anti-Inflammatory Benefits of Vitamin D and Its Analogues against Glomerulosclerosis and Kidney Diseases

Apart from the significant progress the scientific community has made during the last few decades, inflammation-mediated kidney-related diseases like chronic and diabetic kidney diseases (CKD and DKD) and glomerulosclerosis still continue to raise mortality rates. Recently, conventional therapeutic interventions have been put aside, since natural vitamin D-derived treatment has gained attention and offered several promising outcomes. Within this article, the utilization of vitamin D and its analogues as potential treatment toward kidney-related diseases, due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-fibrotic activity, is outlined. Vitamin D analogues including calcitriol, paricalcitol and 22-oxacalcitriol have been previously explored for such applications, but their hidden potential has yet to be further elucidated. Several clinical trials have demonstrated that vitamin D analogues’ supplementation is correlated with inflammatory signaling and oxidative stress regulation, immunity/metabolism augmentation and subsequently, kidney diseases and healthcare-related infections’ prevention, and the results of these trials are thoroughly evaluated. The highlighted research outcomes urge further study on a plethora of vitamin D analogues with a view to fully clarify their potential as substantial anti-inflammatory constituents of renal diseases-related treatment and their health-promoting properties in many kidney-associated healthcare complications and infections.

Thermo-Economic Analysis of Thermoelectric-Based Atmospheric Water Harvesters: Flow Configuration Impacts

In recent years, thermoelectric cooling has seen significant growth, driven by advancements in nanoscience and manufacturing. Concurrently, the increasing water crisis in various regions has led to a surge in research on Atmospheric Water Harvesters (AWHs) for decentralized water harvesting. This study presents a comprehensive thermodynamic and economic analysis of Thermoelectric-based Atmospheric Water Harvesters (TAWHs) with different Heat Exchanger (HX) configurations with different flow configurations. Our research identifies five types of HXs, each characterized by its own optimal geometrical and controlling parameters. These HXs are evaluated based on economy, eco-friendliness, productivity, air cooling efficiency, and compactness. We provide new insights into the hidden potential and performance of Thermoelectric Coolers (TECs) in desalination, particularly highlighting the effect of increasing the ratio of surfaces mounted with TECs to the total surface area of the channels. Our results indicate that among the HX configurations, the counter flow HX is the most economical option, capable of water harvesting at a cost of $0.230 USD per liter from an 80% humidity level. The parallel flow HX demonstrates higher efficiency according to the second law of thermodynamics and environmental friendliness, while the crossflow HX exhibits lower overall efficiency. We found that the optimum cold channel incoming air flow rate varies with humidity in a detailed analysis of a counter flow HX with 2 columns and 15 rows. Interestingly, we found that humidity and incoming air mass flow rate have a negligible effect on power consumption. This work can be used as a guideline for future engineering problems involving the design and optimization of TAWHs.

Prospects for Legal Regulation of Quantum Communication

The leading countries across the world have entered the race to develop quantum technologies that will enable them to ensure their continued economic prosperity. Among these technologies, a special place is occupied by quantum communication, which is designed to ensure information security in an era where a quantum computer is capable of compromising a number of cryptography algorithms. In this article, this new digital technology includes quantum key distribution and encryption methods that are cryptographically resistant to a quantum computer. The study does not consider the regulation of the quantum communication sub-technology, the so-called “quantum internet,” due to the technical limitations of the existing equipment. The authors note that their predictions about the cryptographic strength of encryption algorithms are based solely on modern knowledge about the capabilities of quantum computing and do not take into account its hidden potential, for example, in terms of cryptanalysis information systems based on a machine learning model generated by a quantum computer. Currently, the only data protection system that is not subject to quantum threats is the technology of quantum key distribution. In today’s information and digital age, information security systems are an important element of critical infrastructure. Given the importance of these technologies, different states use different methods to regulate this field. This article puts forward and substantiates the hypothesis that the implementation of a combination of regulatory legal acts could have a greater positive impact on the development of quantum communication and ensure an acceptable level of information security in the post-quantum era. The analysis showed that a significant number of states and interstate associations are conducting research in this area, relying only on investment growth. This strategy has prevented any country from achieving the competencies of the People’s Republic of China. The authors also analyzed the methods of legal support used by China, Russia, and other countries in the field of quantum communication, which made it possible to identify a model of legal regulation of quantum communication that stimulates this technology’s development.

Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy of hybrid insulating nanofluids in time, distribution, and frequency domain

Improving the dielectric properties of insulating liquids belongs to the modern motivation to optimize the operation of high-voltage devices. Hybrid nanofluids can provide the mentioned improvement, and thus, it is necessary to reveal their hidden potential. This study investigates hybrid nanofluids with different concentrations of magnetite and fullerene nanoparticles, a separate fullerene and magnetic nanofluid, and a base carrier fluid based on gas-to-liquid technology. The investigated samples are subjected to dielectric relaxation spectroscopy analysis at three applied electric field intensities in the time, distribution, and frequency domain. The lack of information about the studied parameters of the mentioned nanofluids is another reason for our experimental measurements. A significant dispersion of the charging current characteristics of nanofluids with magnetic nanoparticles is observed. At lower electric field intensities, the increasing fullerene concentration of the hybrid nanofluids reduces the charging currents up to a charging time of 200 s. Magnetic nanofluid shows the highest values of conductivity currents. Experiments show that the suspension of fullerene in the base oil causes a higher charging current and a more pronounced relaxation response than pure base oil. Significant relaxation information in the low-frequency band is detected from the distribution spectra. At higher electric field intensities in the low-frequency spectrum, the relaxation peaks decrease when the concentration of fullerene in hybrid nanofluids increases. The distribution area shows the effect of higher polarizability of magnetite nanoparticles. Compared to lower electric field intensities, at the value of 333.3 kV/m, several polarization processes are captured in the entire frequency spectrum. The frequency-dependent complex permittivity confirms the findings from the time and distribution domains. Comparing the distribution domain with the frequency domain shows higher sensitivity and accuracy in capturing relaxation processes in the distribution domain.

SHG Play a Big Role in the Economic Empowerment of Women

Women make up half of India's 1.39 billion populations; however they are still denied access to resources such as economic activity, self-determination, education, and improved health. In Young India 1930, Mahatma Gandhi stated that there is a need to equip village women with access to economic activities in order to unlock their hidden potential and power, which they are now unaware of. Women can contribute to home finances but are unable to participate in income-generating activities. Where India sits on the global arena, women's participation is just as crucial as men's in strengthening the Indian economy. Women face barriers to economic success due to patriarchal society, socio-cultural difficulties, home duties, and gender discrimination. SHGs assist rural women in obtaining low-interest loans from banks, allowing them to start their own businesses. There are 78, 32,327 SHGs in India, with 8, 50, 07,507 members. The state of Bihar in India has the most SHGs. Women in India lead more than 50% of the small-scale industry, with 527,000 SHG members, demonstrating that SHGs play an important role in the development of women's entrepreneurship. The major purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which SHGs help women achieve economic empowerment. Women's empowerment entails not only empowering women, but also empowering their families, societies, states, and countries. The IFMR study found that women who received assistance from SHGs had above 10% savings ability, indicating their economic empowerment. SHGs serve as a tool for women to develop socioeconomic self-confidence. The findings revealed that SHGs support economic activity because when women earn income, they become economically empowered, and only when they are economically empowered do they become socially and politically empowered.

Tobacco cessation - the underused potential in clinical routine

Tobacco control, psychosocial and medical assistance regarding tobacco cessation is still a hidden potential within the German health care system. So far doctors rarely talk to their patients about their smoking status and physical and psychological benefits of quitting.This paper focusses on recommended current diagnostic and treatment standards, as well as evidence-based methods to address the topic on how to stop smoking and its association with certain diseases such asCOPD,lungcancer and COVID-19 infection. The role of e-cigarettes as a cessation tool and its health related risks are critically examined. Consequences and advice how to implement smoking cessation procedures into daily practice are presented.

ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ТА ІНФРАСТРУКТУРНІ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ НА БЛИЗЬКОМУ СХОДІ. ЄМЕНСЬКИЙ ФАКТОР

The topicality of the article is determined by the examination the issues of maturation and formation of alternative centers of geo-economic tension, using the example of the Middle East. At the same time, a significant emphasis is placed on the global economic and infrastructural consequences of local conflicts and clashes. It is shown that the reliability and uninterrupted functioning of trade contacts between the West and the countries of Southeast Asia were threatened by the acceleration of the conflict in the Gaza Strip. Moreover, the source of risks was the ethnic-religious movement of the Houthis, which controls a large part of Yemen. Thus, the desire of the Houthis to protect co-religionists became a significant catalyst for regional and global transformations, including reflecting on the trajectories of trade flows. The discussed issues also cover the negative consequences of the complication of communication routes between Europe and Southeast Asia are analyzed, possible scenarios for solving the current situation are determined, including through the large-scale construction of new railway tracks in Saudi Arabia and connection to infrastructure projects of a number of other countries in the region. At the same time, a conclusion is made about the role of the civilizational factor on the stability and predictability of economic development on a global scale, when even a small ethnic group can provoke a crisis on a global scale and turn out to be completely insensitive to external interventions and military strikes. For this purpose, the author suggests not just taking civilizational factors into account when planning geo-economic actions, but maximally involving their hidden potential when analyzing and planning the consequences of probable clashes. This is especially true for the Middle East region, which is currently going through a difficult period of turbulence. In this way, the increase in the potential for conflict and, as a consequence, the growth of the role of the factor of uncertainty in the further development and the state of commodity markets and their infrastructure is asserted.

Бліц-масштабування в стратегічній конфігурації управління транспарентністю розвитку підприємств на основі цифрової когерентності

In the investment environment, which is formed under the influence of management processes in the real sector of the economy, a kind of «vicious circle» arises: the use of outdated, technologically backward production equipment leads to the production of products that lose both price and especially non-price competitiveness, which leads to a decrease in investment attractiveness and complicates the attraction of investment loans. The blitz-scaling strategy has become popular in various industries, including the technology sector. Companies, able to scale their products or services quickly, can find success in the market by means of a rapid gaining of a share. That being said, results may vary depending on the specific industry and market conditions. In recent years, the importance of digital transparency has become even greater due to the demands of society and the growing role of ethical aspects in doing business. Businesses that demonstrate openness and responsibility in the use of digital technologies can expect greater support and trust from customers, investors, and the public. Ensuring transparency and high standards of ethics is crucial to trusting customers and partners because of the ethical aspects of the use of digital technologies. The strategic configuration of enterprise transparency management based on digital coherence is not just a task for enterprises, but also a necessity for their success in the era of digital transformation. Consistent implementation of these principles will allow not only to survive in the face of change, but also to thrive, realizing its existing and hidden potential in a world where digitalization is becoming the norm. Building a model of strategic configuration of enterprise development transparency management based on digital coherence is an important aspect of successful functioning in the modern digital world. This is the basis for the development of strategic plans, which determines the vector of development, avoids differences in the understanding of tasks, contributing to the formation of a common understanding of the goal and ways to achieve it. All these aspects of building transparency in enterprise development through digital technologies pave the way for sustainable success and increased competitiveness in a rapidly changing business environment.

Genomic predictions to leverage phenotypic data across genebanks.

Genome-wide prediction is a powerful tool in breeding. Initial results suggest that genome-wide approaches are also promising for enhancing the use of the genebank material: predicting the performance of plant genetic resources can unlock their hidden potential and fill the information gap in genebanks across the world and, hence, underpin prebreeding programs. As a proof of concept, we evaluated the power of across-genebank prediction for extensive germplasm collections relying on historical data on flowering/heading date, plant height, and thousand kernel weight of 9,344 barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) plant genetic resources from the German Federal Ex situ Genebank for Agricultural and Horticultural Crops (IPK) and of 1,089 accessions from the International Center for Agriculture Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) genebank. Based on prediction abilities for each trait, three scenarios for predictive characterization were compared: 1) a benchmark scenario, where test and training sets only contain ICARDA accessions, 2) across-genebank predictions using IPK as training and ICARDA as test set, and 3) integrated genebank predictions that include IPK with 30% of ICARDA accessions as a training set to predict the rest of ICARDA accessions. Within the population of ICARDA accessions, prediction abilities were low to moderate, which was presumably caused by a limited number of accessions used to train the model. Interestingly, ICARDA prediction abilities were boosted up to ninefold by using training sets composed of IPK plus 30% of ICARDA accessions. Pervasive genotype × environment interactions (GEIs) can become a potential obstacle to train robust genome-wide prediction models across genebanks. This suggests that the potential adverse effect of GEI on prediction ability was counterbalanced by the augmented training set with certain connectivity to the test set. Therefore, across-genebank predictions hold the promise to improve the curation of the world's genebank collections and contribute significantly to the long-term development of traditional genebanks toward biodigital resource centers.

Exploring Kinnow mandarin's hidden potential: Nature's key to antimicrobial and antidiabetic gold nanoparticles (K-AuNPs)

This pioneering study aims to address the paradox of the highly regarded Kinnow mandarin fruit, whose valuable peels have been considered undesired remnants from industrial fruit juice production. The study proposes the utilization of these discarded peels to synthesize ecologically safe gold nanoparticles (K-AuNPs) through a one-pot method. The objectives of this research are to synthesize K-AuNPs using an ecologically safe single-step approach, utilizing discarded Kinnow mandarin fruit peels, and to assess their antibacterial and antidiabetic potential.The validation of K-AuNPs involved various techniques including UV–visible spectroscopy, TEM, DLS, and zeta-potential investigations. The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis was compared to levofloxacin and Kinnow mandarin aqueous peel extract (KAPE). Furthermore, the anti-diabetic efficacy was evaluated through α-amylase and α-glucosidase experiments, comparing K-AuNPs to pure KAPE and the standard inhibitor acarbose.The results confirmed the successful synthesis of K-AuNPs from KAPE, as evidenced by UV-spectral profiles (527 nm), TEM micrographs (∼21 d. nm), dynamic light scattering (65 d.nm), and zeta-potential (-12 mV). The K-AuNPs demonstrated a superior zone of inhibition and lower MIC values against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis, surpassing levofloxacin and KAPE alone. Additionally, the K-AuNPs exhibited potent anti-diabetic efficacy, outperforming both pure KAPE and acarbose at a lower dosage.To sum up, the process of producing K-AuNPs utilizing Kinnow mandarin peel extracts demonstrates a powerful antibacterial and antidiabetic remedy sourced from previously discarded materials. These findings signify a significant leap forward in the domain of natural product exploration, with the potential to fundamentally reshape modern healthcare approaches.

Use of psilocybin in the treatment of psychiatric disorders – review

Introduction: The word “psychedelic” derives from the Greek language and can be loosely translated as “mind manifesting” which is to convey that these substances allow the mind to unleash its hidden potential. Psilocybin is considered to be a “classic psychedelic” and is most commonly found in the form of so-called “magic mushrooms”. Due to its unique properties psilocybin has been used during religious ceremonies and rituals for centuries and more recently also explored in a medical context. Nowadays many studies are being carried out to prove the efficacy of its use in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders. 
 Aim of study: Review of the current knowledge on the subject of psilocybin applied in the treatment of psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder, treatment-resistant depression and addiction.
 Methods and materials: A review of chosen literature was carried out in the PubMed database and Google Scholar using the following phrases: psilocybin, psychedelics, psychedelic-assisted therapy, major depressive disorder, addiction.
 Results: Recent studies suggest that psilocybin may be an effective form of treatment for cancer-related psychiatric distress, treatment-resistant depression and addiction. There are some reports of psilocybin being useful when treating obsessive-compulsive disorder and cluster headaches.
 Conclusions: More large-scale, randomized, placebo-controlled studies are required to prove these promising findings. Psychological support is crucial during the treatment with psilocybin.

Comparative genomics of food-derived probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K25 reveals its hidden potential, compactness, and efficiency.

This study aimed to investigate the intricate genetic makeup of the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum K25 strain by conducting a comprehensive analysis of comparative genomics. The results of our study demonstrate that the genome exhibits a high-level efficiency and compactness, comprising a total of 3,199 genes that encode proteins and a GC content of 43.38%. The present study elucidates the evolutionary lineage of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains through an analysis of the degree of gene order conservation and synteny across a range of strains, thereby underscoring their closely interrelated evolutionary trajectories. The identification of various genetic components in the K25 strain, such as bacteriocin gene clusters and prophage regions, highlights its potential utility in diverse domains, such as biotechnology and medicine. The distinctive genetic elements possess the potential to unveil innovative therapeutic and biotechnological remedies in future. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the L. plantarum K25 strain, revealing its remarkable genomic potential and presenting novel prospects for utilizing its unique genetic features in diverse scientific fields. The present study contributes to the existing literature on Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and sets the stage for prospective investigations and practical implementations that leverage the exceptional genetic characteristics of this adap organism.

Nutritional and nutraceutical potential of rice bean (Vigna umbellata) -a legume with hidden potential.

In the recent years there has been paradigm shift in global agriculture for the exploration of different underutilized crops as future potential crops. Rice bean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi] one of the lesser known pulses among Vigna species has gained attention during last decade as food and nutritional security crop. Rice bean seeds are well-balanced source of beneficial constituents such as protein, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and anti-oxidants for health benefits and combating malnourishment in human. In the present investigation, seeds of 15 diverse rice bean accessions from north-western Himalayan region were analyzed for nutrients, anti-nutrients and nutraceutical traits. Significant differences were observed among genotypes for different traits. The rice bean genotypes revealed variation for major quality traits including total carbohydrates (50.56-56.87%), crude protein content (22.56-25.97%) and lipid content (1.87 to 3.17%) with the higher proportion of linolenic acid followed by linoleic acid which are nutritionally desirable PUFAs. The genotype IC-548758 revealed higher proportion of desirable quality traits. Among protein fractions, globulins and albumins constituted major seed storage protein fraction in rice bean seeds. The wide range variation was also observed for anti-nutrients like including raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), phenolics, tannins, trypsin inhibitor (TI), phytic acid, lipoxygenase activity and saponin content among genotypes. Insignificant correlation among iron, zinc, magnesium and manganese revealed good selection accuracy for genetic biofortification program in rice bean. In summary, the genotype IC-548757, IC-548760 and IC-548770 revealed lower proportion of anti-nutrients, whereas, the genotype IC-548759 and IC-548757 revealed higher level of free radical scavenging activity indicating nutritional and nutraceutical superiority of these genotypes. Overall, the study revealed nutritional superiority of genotype IC-548770, IC-548758 and IC-548760 with balanced proportions of nutrients and anti-nutrients. Rice bean legume has the potential to support more sustainable and resilient food and nutritional security in future. Our study highlights the potential of different rice bean genotypes as functional ingredients for future food and nutritional security programmes.

PAULO FREIRE'S PERSPECTIVE ON EDUCATION: THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF THE REALITY OF INDONESIAN EDUCATION

Education is something that is very basic in human life. This study aims to analyze the educational perspective of Paulo Freire in light of the reality of Indonesian education. Which, if we observe the style of Indonesian education, is still like what was used in the time of Paulo Freire with the model of the Bank style. This research is a literature study with a qualitative approach. The data source for this research is various literature, both from books and journals related to the educational perspective of Paulo Freire. The results of this study indicate that Indonesian education still uses the banking model, as stated by Paulo Freire. Then there are many educational theories and education systems that buy up styles or so many subjects that Indonesian education does not progress. As well as a lack of understanding of the nature of education, which also makes the teacher unable to see the hidden potential in students.