Hidden Event Research Articles

TRAUMATIC MEMORY OF CHERNOBYL (IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF BIOGRAPHICAL NARRATIVES)

This article focuses on the traumatic memory of technogenic disasters in human history in the XX and early XXI. The article uses the method of oral history, which is based on the biographical testimonies of people who were at the epicenter of the explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and the Fukushima-1 nuclear power plant. The article notes that trauma and its study are becoming more common today in the scientific interests of researchers in various sciences, namely the concept of trauma - continues to expand its meaning and focus of research. Thus, according to Barbara Mishtal: "Traumatic memory is a memory whose origins lie in a certain horrific experience; it is often particularly pronounced, obsessive, uncontrollable, persistent, and somatic. ” Oral historical evidence of the Chernobyl accident and the Fukushima-1 nuclear power plant gives us enough examples to confirm the thesis that there is an injury in their narratives. Trauma has a clear manifestation and not always clear and conscious speech. Negative experiences have certain signals that indicate the presence of trauma in the narrative. Noteworthy is the classification of Gadi Benezer, who formulated certain markers - signals of trauma, according to which we can trace the presence or absence of trauma in the narrative. These signals are: self-awareness of trauma; trauma as a hidden event; prolonged silence during the recording of the interview; explosion of emotions; emotional alienation; stupor; repetition of traumatic memories repeatedly; immersion in the events of the past, mentioning one event or picture, insult several times during the conversation; acquittal of the narrator; inability to tell; voice changes; body language. The classification used makes it possible to identify the presence of trauma in oral histories and to be able to analyze the trauma, investigate it, find mechanisms and ways to overcome it.

What happened? Do preschool children and capuchin monkeys spontaneously use visual traces to locate a reward?

The ability to infer unseen causes from evidence is argued to emerge early in development and to be uniquely human. We explored whether preschoolers and capuchin monkeys could locate a reward based on the physical traces left following a hidden event. Preschoolers and capuchin monkeys were presented with two cups covered with foil. Behind a barrier, an experimenter (E) punctured the foil coverings one at a time, revealing the cups with one cover broken after the first event and both covers broken after the second. One event involved hiding a reward, the other event was performed with a stick (order counterbalanced). Preschoolers and, with additional experience, monkeys could connect the traces to the objects used in the puncturing events to find the reward. Reversing the order of events perturbed the performance of 3-year olds and capuchins, while 4-year-old children performed above chance when the order of events was reversed from the first trial. Capuchins performed significantly better on the ripped foil task than they did on an arbitrary test in which the covers were not ripped but rather replaced with a differently patterned cover. We conclude that by 4 years of age children spontaneously reason backwards from evidence to deduce its cause.

Coronavirus Highly Hits the Elderly People and the Natality Rate: A SocioDemographic Appraisal

The unexpected Corona crisis is affecting all ages, but mostly the elderly people of 65 years and over have been infected, hit and dead. The Coronavirus has also highly affected the rate of natality everywhere in the world. Besides that, many marriages have been postponed or suspended. In the United States where the number of Coronavirus affected people is the highest as compared with other parts of the world; 8 out of 10 deaths reported have been in adults 65 years and older [1]. Therefore, the present crisis will lead to the lack of children, optimistically when Coronavirus will be behind us. Even the children during the Corona crisis have not easy access to pediatrics and medical treatments. So, the natality situation is currently a hidden event, not being monitored by the social actors. The aging affected people are observed and talked about, whereas the newborns are not spoken about. Increasing number of developing societies are concerned with the issue. Therefore, natality issue needs more investigation by the sociologists as well as demographers. The method of research used in the present research is of qualitative type, and the whole theme is more sociologically appraised.

Nothing to agree on: Non-agreeing subjects of copular clauses in Hebrew

Copular clauses in Hebrew with the copula ze never allow their subjects to agree with the copula or with the post-copular predicate. Following previous work, it is shown that such clauses are not predicational and that their subjects often get a ‘hidden event’ interpretation. After ruling out an analysis that takes the copula to be the actual subject and an analysis involving a clausal subject, it is argued that these clauses involve a subject that lacks the features needed for subject-external agreement, while having the features needed for subject-internal agreement.