Hibiscus Species Research Articles

Fertilizer Effects on Nutrient Elements, Total Polyphenols and Anti-oxidant Contents of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Leaves

More than 300 species of Hibiscus species (Malvacea family) can be found growing in both tropical and subtropical regions of the world [1]. Roselle, Hibiscus sabdariffa L

ETNOBOTANI TANAMAN ANTIPIRETIK MASYARAKAT DUSUN MESU BOTO JATIROTO WONOGIRI JAWA TENGAH

<p>Traditional medicine in Indonesia has been known to the public long before formal health services with modern medicine. Indonesia has many species of plants that have properties to cure various diseases and some other useful properties for human health. Antipyretic plants are plants that have the property as a febrifuge. The content of flavonoids in plants merit as a reliever fever (antipyretic). This study aims to determine the garden plants that can be utilized by the community as a febrifuge. (antipyretic). The research method used is survey method. The location of the observation and sampling of the plants was done by purposive random sampling technique by plot plot size 2x2 meter, 5x5 meter (adjust the location of the land). Based on research and observation, there are 8 species of antipyretic plants tumeric (<em>Curcuma domestica</em>), papaya (<em>Carica papaya</em>), dadap (<em>Erythrina</em> sp), hibiscus (<em>Hibiscus rosasinensis</em>), rambutan (<em>Nephelium lappaceum</em>), banana ( <em>Musa paradisiaca</em>), soursop (<em>Annona muricata</em>), and yam (<em>Pachirrhyzus erosus</em>) which can be utilized by the local community.</p>

Lipid Lowering Potential of <i>Malakwang</i> (<i>Hibiscus</i>) Species Leaf Extract in Hyperlipidaemia-Induced Rats

Malakwang (Hibiscus species) is a common vegetable regularly used in the diet and traditional health care support in Uganda. In this study, the efficacy of malakwang leaf extract as a potential regulator of serum lipids, urea and creatinine was investigated in hyperlipidemic rats. Forty two albino rats were arranged randomly into seven groups of six and fed with diets. Four experimental and three control groups were considered in the design. The rats in the experimental groups were fed on high fat diets containing different amounts of leaf extract from red and white malakwang variants. Control groups were fed on diets devoid of malakwang: a basic standard rat diet; high fat diet; and high fat with atorvastatin. The diets were administered daily and rat weight determined. On the last day, blood was drawn from the rats and the serum analysed for lipids, creatinine and urea using spectrophotometric techniques. Statistical analysis was used to estimate mean differences in weight and concentration of the biochemical parameters between experimental and control groups. Results indicated a decrease in weight gained up to the fourth week in rats fed on the high fat diet with malakwang leaf extract. There was a significant difference in the levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (p malakwang leaf extract. No significant change was noted in total cholesterol and triglycerides. Whereas there was a higher level of serum creatinine with the two malakwang variants (p malakwang (Hibiscus) exhibited capacity to reduce low density lipoprotein cholesterol, maintained serum urea but not creatinine. This may offer prospects for using malakwang in the dietary approaches to address public health concerns linked to high level of cholesterols.

Seed trichomes and spermoderm pattern in few wild Hibiscus species-A tool for species identification

Seed morphological characteristics are useful taxonomic features, helpful in identification of large number of species and genera. Seed characters, such as shape, size and seed-coat surface, have low phenotypic plasticity and are less affected by environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to describe and compare external seed morphological characteristics and trichomes of seven hibiscus species using light and scanning election microscopy to evaluate their possible use for taxonomic considerations. Seeds showed three major types of spermoderm patterns and considerable variation in the seed trichome shape and number of hairs per trichome. Using seed trichome along with spermoderm patterns, a tentative key for species identification was prepared.

Concurrent analysis of bioactive triterpenes oleanolic acid and β-amyrin in antioxidant active fractions of Hibiscus calyphyllus, Hibiscus deflersii and Hibiscus micranthus grown in Saudi Arabia by applying validated HPTLC method

In this study, we developed a validated HPTLC method for concurrent analysis of two natural antioxidant triterpenes, oleanolic acid (OA) and β-amyrin (BA) in the biologically active fractions (petroleum ether, toluene, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) of aerial parts of three Hibiscus species (H. calyphyllus, H. deflersii and H. micranthus). The chromatography was conducted on normal HPTLC (ready to use glass-plate coated with silica gel 60 F254) plate with chloroform and methanol (97:3, V/V) used as mobile phase. The derivatization of the developed plate was done with p-anisaldehyde and scanned at λmax = 575 nm. Well resolved and intense peaks of OA and BA were obtained at Rf = 0.36 and 0.57, respectively. The linear regression equation/correlation coefficient (r2) for OA and BA were Y = 6.65x + 553.35/0.994 and Y = 9.177x + 637.23/0.998, respectively in the linearity range of 100–1200 ng/spot indicated good linear relationship. The low values of %RSD for intra-day/inter-day precision of OA (1.45–1.61/1.38–1.59) and BA (1.52–1.57/1.50–1.53) suggested that the method was precise. The recovery/RSD (%) values for OA and BA were found to be 99.21–99.62/1.39–1.95 and 98.75–99.70/1.56–1.80, respectively assures the reasonably good accuracy of the proposed method. Fifteen samples were analyzed to check the content of OA and BA by using the developed HPTLC methods. The content of OA in different samples were found to be 3.87 (HmP) > 1.212 (HcP) > 0.673 (HdC) > 0.493 (HdP) > 0.168 (HdE) > 0.059 (HcC) > 0.015 (HcE) > 0.008 (HmT) µg/mg of the dried weight of extract. However the content of BA was found as: 2.293 (HmP) > 1.852 (HdT) > 0.345 (HdC) > 0.172 (HmT) > 0.041 (HdE) > 0.008 (HcC) µg/mg of the dried weight of extract. Some Hibiscus species fractions exhibited good antioxidant potential like: HcE (IC50 = 17.6 ± 1.8) > HdB (IC50 = 32.16 ± 0.9) > HmP (IC50 = 80.4 ± 4.5) > HmT (IC50 = 99.7 ± 8.2) when compared with ascorbic acid (IC50 = 14.2 ± 0.5), while other fractions exhibited only mild antioxidant capability. The developed HPTLC method can be further exploited for analysis of these markers in the quality assessment of raw material as well as herbal formulations available in the market.

Comparison of metabolic profiles and bioactivities of the leaves of three edible Congolese Hibiscus species

Methanolic and dichloromethane extracts from the leaves of Congolese Hibiscus species were characterised by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques and their in vitro biochemical activities against ROS production were evaluated in cellular models and on an enzyme, myeloperoxidase (MPO), involved in inflammation. Hibiscus acetosella has a chemical fingerprint different from Hibiscus cannabinus and Hibiscus sabdariffa both having similar fingerprints. Major compounds were polyphenols, represented mainly by caffeoyl-hydroxycitric acid for H. acetosella and neochlorogenic acid for the two other species. All extracts displayed high cellular antioxidant activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.5 to 3 μg mL−1 using lucigenin on neutrophils. Dichloromethane extracts showed more efficient effects on extracellular ROS production and MPO activity. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of caffeoyl-hydroxycitric acid were significantly higher than those of neochlorogenic acid. The bioactivities of Hibiscus species were positively correlated with their phytochemical content and could justify their use as local nutraceutical resources and medicines.

Breeding in Hibiscus: A review

Among the 300 Hibiscus species, the most popular ornamental species is H. rosa-sinensis, used both as an indoor and outdoor potted and landscape plant. A variety of forms, flower colours, and growth forms exist. This species is a complex hybrid arising from several Hibiscus species, viz. H. liliflorus, H. kokio, H. storckii, H. denisonii, H. fragilis, H. boryanus and H. arnottianus. Knowledge of genetic diversity and its response to natural/ human selectionthrough hybridization is necessary for future breeding plan. All the present day colourful varieties of Hibiscus rosa-sinesis were developed through complex interspecific crosses, open pollination, indiscriminate intervarietal hybridization, spontaneous and induced mutation. There is no record of total hibiscus varieties developed through conventional breeding in different countries. Present article will provide maximum information generated in India and abroad on classical and mutation breeding on hibiscus along with important publications in hibiscus by other research institutions/universities. Little genetic information and trait heritability has been established for this crop, plant breeding continues to produce new variants for commercial production. Future breeding and genetic studies are needed to further transform this crop.

Validation of the AlamarBlue® Assay as a Fast Screening Method to Determine the Antimicrobial Activity of Botanical Extracts.

Plant compounds are a potential source of new antimicrobial molecules against a variety of infections. Plant extracts suppose complex phytochemical libraries that may be used for the first stages of the screening process for antimicrobials. However, their large variability and complexity require fast and inexpensive methods that allow a rapid and adequate screening for antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacteria and fungi. In this study, a multi-well plate assay using the AlamarBlue® fluorescent dye was applied to screen for antimicrobial activity of several botanical extracts and the data were correlated with microbial colony forming units (CFU). This correlation was performed for three pathogenic model microorganisms: Escherichia coli (Gram negative bacteria), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive bacteria) and for the yeast-like fungi Candida albicans. A total of ten plant extracts from different Mediterranean plants, including several Cistus and Hibiscus species, were successfully tested. HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis was utilized for the characterization of the extracts in order to establish structure-activity correlations. The results show that extracts enriched in ellagitannins and flavonols are promising antibacterial agents against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. In contrast, phenolic acids, anthocyanidins and flavonols may be related to the observed antifungal activity.

Multi-locus DNA barcoding identifies matK as a suitable marker for species identification in Hibiscus L.

The genus Hibiscus L. includes several taxa of medicinal value and species used for the extraction of natural dyes. These applications require the use of authentic plant materials. DNA barcoding is a molecular method for species identification, which helps in reliable authentication by using one or more DNA barcode marker. In this study, we have collected 44 accessions, representing 16 species of Hibiscus, distributed in the southern peninsular India, to evaluate the discriminatory power of the two core barcodes rbcLa and matK together with the suggested additional regions trnH-psbA and ITS2. No intraspecies divergence was observed among the accessions studied. Interspecies divergence was 0%-9.6% with individual markers, which increased to 0%-12.5% and 0.8%-20.3% when using two- and three-marker combinations, respectively. Differentiation of all the species of Hibiscus was possible with the matK DNA barcode marker. Also, in two-marker combinations, only those combinations with matK differentiated all the species. Though all the three-marker combinations showed 100% species differentiation, species resolution was consistently better when the matK marker formed part of the combination. These results clearly showed that matK is more suitable when compared to rbcLa, trnH-psbA, and ITS2 for species identification in Hibiscus.

Interspecific hybridization among cultivars of hardy Hibiscus species section Muenchhusia.

Rose mallows belong to the Muenchhusia section of the Hibiscus genus. They represent a small group of cold tolerant North American plants and are popular ornamentals mainly because of their abundant, large and colorful flowers. Due to their geographical origin they are well suited for garden use in temperate regions worldwide. The aim of the study was to investigate hybridization barriers in crosses among cultivars of Hibiscus species from the Muenchhusia section: H. coccineus, H. laevis and H. moscheutos. Crossing barriers were identified as both pre- and post-zygotic. The analysis of pollen tube growth revealed inhibition of pollen tubes and their abnormal growth. In specific crosses the fertilization success was low. The pre-fertilization barriers did not cause a complete reproductive isolation between the hybridization partners. In relation to post-fertilization barriers, the occurrence of hybrid incompatibilities such as unviability, chlorosis, necrosis, stunted growth and albinism were the main drawback in production of hybrids. The appearance of symptoms of hybrid incompatibilities was dependent upon specific parental plants. The obtained progeny had intermediate leaf morphology and flower morphology compared to parental plants. Hybridity state was verified by morphological analysis and RAPD markers. Based on the overall plant morphology, 472 hybrid progenies were obtained.

Certain Malvaceae Plants Have a Unique Accumulation of myo-Inositol 1,2,4,5,6-Pentakisphosphate.

Methods used to quantify inositol phosphates in seeds lack the sensitivity and specificity necessary to accurately detect the lower concentrations of these compounds contained in the leaves of many plants. In order to measure inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) and inositol pentakisphosphate (InsP5) levels in leaves of different plants, a method was developed to concentrate and pre-purify these compounds prior to analysis. Inositol phosphates were extracted from leaves with diluted HCl and concentrated on small anion exchange columns. Reversed-phase solid phase extraction cartridges were used to remove compounds that give peaks that sometimes interfere during HPLC. The method permitted the determination of InsP6 and InsP5 concentrations in leaves as low as 10 µM and 2 µM, respectively. Most plants analyzed contained a high ratio of InsP6 to InsP5. In contrast, certain members of the Malvaceae family, such as cotton (Gossypium) and some hibiscus (Hibiscus) species, had a preponderance of InsP5. Radiolabeling of cotton seedlings also showed increased amounts of InsP5 relative to InsP6. Why some Malvaceae species exhibit a reversal of the typical ratios of these inositol phosphates is an intriguing question for future research.

Antibacterial Activity of the Methanolic Extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa Leaves and Fruits

Hibiscus sabdariffa (Indian elder, family: Malvaceae) is a species of hibiscus, found naturally in Malaysia, India, Africa and Australia. It is cultivated wild areas on village outskirts and wasteland in Malaysia, Perak State. The parts of the plant are used for diuretic, mild laxative, cholerectic, hypotensive, lowering blood pressure and treatment for cardiac and nerve diseases and cancer. So far no phytochemical and biological investigation has been carried out on this endangered and rare species, though several ethnomedical uses of the plant exist. The present study aimed to carry out antibacterial properties of the methanolic extract of H. sabdariffa leaves and fruits. The crude methanolic extract of H. sabdariffa leaves and fruits showed better antibacterial activity against Gram negative bacteria compared to Gram positive bacteria. However, the standards showed better activity with lower concentration when compared to both the extracts against the entire organism.

Responses to Seed Dormancy Breaking Treatments in WildHibiscusspecies

To determine the most suitable means of overcoming seed dormancy in seven wild spe-cies of Hibiscus (Hibiscus acetosellaWelw. ex Fic., Hibiscus calyphyllus Cav., Hibiscus surattensis L., Hibiscus lobata Kuntze, Hibiscus radiatus Cav, Hibiscus vitifolius L., Hibiscus panduriformis Burm. f) and their accessions, seeds were exposed to various pre-treatments such as scarification with hot water and sulphuric acid for varying du-rations. Treated seeds were evaluated for their viability to assess the impact of given treatments. The results revealed that concentrated sulphuric acid scarification treatment for 10 min was highly effective in breaking hard-seed dormancy in all accessions of H. calyphyllus.Concentrated sul-phuric acid treatment for 10–20 min in H. vitifoli-us; 25 min in H. surattensis; 30 min in H. radiatus; 5min in H. lobatus was effective in overcoming hardseededness. Hot water treatment at 80°C for 10 min was effective in H. acetosella and H. pan-duriformis. However in H. panduriformis concen-trated acid treatment for 5min was equally effec-tive as hot water treatment. This study therefore clearly demonstrates the efficacy of concentrated sulphuric acid pre-treatment for 10–30 min and hot water treatment at 80°C for 10 min as an ef-fective enhancer of seed germination of wild spe-cies of Hibiscus. Because of the variation in the seed size and degree of hardseededness among the species no single treatment can be recom-mended for breaking dormancy in all species.

A New Cultivar ‘Tohagol Red’ with Unique Flower Shape and Color through Interspecific Hybridization of Hibiscus species

A New Cultivar ‘Tohagol Red’ with Unique Flower Shape and Color through Interspecific Hybridization of Hibiscus species

Differential Rapid Screening of Phytochemicals by Leaf Spray Mass Spectrometry

Ambient ionization can be achieved by generating an electrospray directly from plant tissue (“leaf spray”). The resulting mass spectra are characteristic of ionizable phytochemicals in the plant material. By subtracting the leaf spray spectra recorded from the petals of two hibiscus species H. moscheutos and H. syriacus one gains rapid access to the metabolites that differ most in the two petals. One such compound was identified as the sambubioside of quercitin (or delphinidin) while others are known flavones. Major interest centered on a C19H29NO5 compound that occurs only in the large H. moscheutos bloom. Attempts were made to characterize this compound by mass spectrometry alone as a test of such an approach. This showed that the compound is an alkaloid, assigned to the polyhydroxylated pyrrolidine class, and bound via a C3 hydrocarbon unit to a monoterpene.

A comparative study on the effect of salt stress on seed germination and early seedling growth of two Hibiscus species

A comparative study on the effect of salt stress on seed germination and early seedling growth of two Hibiscus species

A comparative study on the effect of salt stress on seed germination and early seedling growth of two Hibiscus species

Hibiscus cannabinus and Hibiscus sabdariffa are two economically important plants from Malvaceae family. The germination and growth of plant is an important phonological stage, where the plants survival depends to it, especially in the saline conditions. Salinity tolerance in the arid and semiarid regions is one of the most important factors that effect on the agricultural production. The ability of seeds to germinate at high salt concentration in the soil is crucial importance for the survival and perpetuation of many plant species. Present study was carried out to test the effects of different salinity levels on germination and early seedling growth of Hibiscus cannabinus and Hibiscus sabdariffa, seedlings collected from different populations. The experiment was carried out using completely randomized design in three replication. Experimental treatment includes four levels of sodium chloride concentrations (-0.05MPa, -0.15MPa, -0.30MPa and -0.49MPa). The results showed rate of germination, radicle, hypocotyl and plumule length, moisture content, fresh wet and dry seedling weights and seed viability index were higher in control treatment when compared to treated seeds. At - 0.15MPa and more concentration, germination decreased significantly. This reduction in germination indicates that seeds of Hibiscus cannabinus showed more resistant to salt stress when compared to Hibiscus sabdariffa.

Anti-atherosclerotic potential of gossypetin via inhibiting LDL oxidation and foam cell formation

Gossypetin, a flavone originally isolated from Hibiscus species, has been shown to possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antimutagenic activities. Here, we investigated the mechanism(s) underlying the anti-atherosclerotic potential of gossypetin. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity assay showed that the addition of >50μM of gossypetin could scavenge over 50% of DPPH radicals. The inhibitory effects of gossypetin on the lipid and protein oxidation of LDL were defined by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) assay, the relative electrophoretic mobility (REM) of oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), and fragmentation of apoB in the Cu2+-induced oxidation of LDL. Gossypetin showed potential in reducing ox-LDL-induced foam cell formation and intracellular lipid accumulation, and uptake ability of macrophages under non-cytotoxic concentrations. Molecular data showed that these influences of gossypetin might be mediated via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)/liver-X receptor α (LXRα)/ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and PPARγ/scavenger receptor CD36 pathways, as demonstrated by the transfection of PPARα siRNA or PPARγ expression vector. Our data implied that gossypetin regulated the PPAR signals, which in turn led to stimulation of cholesterol removal from macrophages and delay atherosclerosis. These results suggested that gossypetin potentially could be developed as an anti-atherosclerotic agent.

A New Cultivar ‘Daeil’ with Large Flower by Interspecific Cross of Hibiscus Species

A New Cultivar ‘Daeil’ with Large Flower by Interspecific Cross of Hibiscus Species

Determination of the extent of hybridization between the threatened Hibiscus dasycalyx, Hibiscus laevis, and Hibiscus moscheutos using ISSR genetic markers

East Texas is home to several native Hibiscus species, including Hibiscus dasycalyx, Hibiscus laevis, and Hibiscus moscheutos. These species are herbaceous perennials that live in wetland conditions. Of the three morphologically distinct species, H. dasycalyx has been listed as threatened by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Before restoration can occur, the gene flow and level of hybridization with the other two species must be determined in its native habitat. Previous investigations in our laboratory of these species have suggested that the Hibiscus dasycalyx is an individual species with little to no hybridization, however, a more comprehensive analysis is needed using a larger sampling set. The objective of this study is to identify species specific Intersimple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers for Hibiscus dasycalyx, H. laevis and H. moscheutos so that these markers could be used for tracking the extent of hybridization that occurs between the three species as well as the gene flow of H. dasycalyx. Genomic DNA was extracted and PCR amplified using ISSR primers (Wolfe,1998). PCR products were separated on an ALF sequencer to detect polymorphisms between the three Hibiscus species. Population analysis software was used to determine the gene flow and extent of hybridization between H. dasycalyx, H. laevis and H. moscheutos.