HG AAS Research Articles

Speciation of Inorganic Arsenic in Retorted Oil Shale Slurry by Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (HG AAS) after Ultrasound-Assisted Acid Extraction

An analytical method for determination of inorganic arsenic species in retorted oil shale slurry by atomic absorption spectrometry coupled to hydride technique with ultrasound assisted acidic extraction is reported. Trivalent arsenic measurement employed sample stabilization with a pH 4.5 prior to reaction with the reducing agent and analysis. In contrast, total inorganic As depended upon the pre-reduction of As(V) to As(III) with KI and ascorbic acid in 6.0 M HCl and of As(V) was estimated by the difference of the total inorganic As and As(III) concentrations. The limit of quantification was 3.7 mg kg−1 for As(III) and 1.3 mg kg−1 for itAs.

A hybrid Zr/amine-modified mesoporous silica for adsorption and preconcentration of as before its FI HG AAS determination in water

A hybrid Zr/amine-modified mesoporous silica sorbent (SBA/TMPED/Zr-0.5) was proposed to preconcentrate traces of inorganic As from drinking water before its flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (FI HG AAS) determination. In order to select the sorbent suitable for As traces preconcentration a series of six hybrid Zr modified and Zr/amine modified SBA-15 materials were synthesized, characterized (SEM, XRD, XPS, nitrogen adsorption/desorption), and compared in terms of As(V) adsorption properties. It was stated that the introduction of Zr to the SBA-15 structure results in a slight decrease of the sorbent surface area, the deterioration of hexagonal ordering, and changes in materials morphology. The introduction of amine groups into Zr/silica results in the extension of the pH range of effective As(V) adsorption and the increase of the adsorption capacity from 8 to 14 mg g −1 for SBA/Zr-0.5 and SBA/Zr-1 to 24 and 32 mg g −1 for SBA/TMPED/Zr-0.5 and SBA/TMPED/Zr-1, respectively. Taking into account fast adsorption and the possibility of quantitative desorption of As from sorbent surface SBA/TMPED/Zr-0.5 was chosen for arsenic traces preconcentration from drinking waters. In order to preconcentrate the total inorganic As, As(III) was initially oxidized to As(V) by KMnO 4 . Before FI HG AAS measurements preconcentrated arsenic was desorbed from SBA/TMPED/Zr-0.5 by using 10 mol L −1 hydrochloric acid. The linearity of the calibration plot ranges from 2 to 40 μg L −1 . The detection and quantification limits were 0.025 μg L −1 and 0.086 μg L −1 , respectively. The recoveries from spiked water samples range between 95 and 105%. • A hybrid Zr/amine-modified SBA-15 has been synthesized. • Zr/amine-modified SBA-15 was used for preconcentration of As(V) from waters. • As(V) sorption capacity of 32 mg g −1 onto Zr/amine-modified SBA-15 was reached. • FI HG AAS was applied for As determination after desorption by hydrochloric acid. • As(V) was bonded by both, Zr atoms and amine groups.

Development of a fast and sensitive method for the determination of As(III) at trace levels in urine by differential pulse anodic voltammetry using a simple graphene screen–printed electrode

A simple and fast anodic voltammetric method was employed to determine traces of As(III) in urine samples using commercial screen–printed graphene electrodes without subsequent modification. To obtain a sensitive and selective method for As(III) determination, the effects of various parameters such as pH, supporting electrolyte concentration, accumulation potential (Eacc), accumulation time (tacc), and potential scan conditions were studied. The optimum experimental conditions were chosen to be as follows: pH of 2.8 (0.01 mol L−1 phosphate buffer), scan increment of 4 mV, pulse width of 80 ms, pulse period of 0.5 s, and pulse amplitude of 200 mV. Differential pulse voltammograms were obtained by scanning from −0.80 V to 0.80 V without applying an accumulation step. Under these conditions, one peak was observed at 0.27 V due to As0 oxidation. After optimizing the experimental conditions, the anodic peak current for As was found to be linearly related to its concentration up to ca. 5.0 μg L−1, with detection and quantitation limits (DLs, QLs) of 0.28 µg L−1 and 0.92 µg L−1, respectively. The developed method was validated by the determination of As(III) in spiked tap water from our laboratory, which showed an As(III) concentration of 50.64 ± 0.10 μg L−1 (spiked with 50.0 μg L−1); two urine samples (where As was not detected) spiked with As(III) 0.73 μg L−1 and 0.91 μg L−1 (in the cell) showed an As(III) concentration of 0.70 μg L−1 and 0.91 μg L−1, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of Astotal in 16 urine samples obtained from workers occupationally exposed to inorganic arsenic compounds without previous treatment. The results obtained for Astotal were compared with measurements made by an external analytical laboratory, which used HG–AAS. To determine Astotal, As(V) was reduced in the presence of thiosulfate in an acid medium. The electrode showed good stability and repeatability.

Alcohol-DES based vortex assisted homogenous liquid-liquid microextraction approach for the determination of total selenium in food samples by hydride generation AAS: Insights from theoretical and experimental studies

This research article proposes a simple, quick, green and cheap approach for the determination of total selenium in food samples using alcohol-DES based vortex-assisted homogenous liquid-liquid microextraction (alcohol-DES-VA-HLLME) combination with hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG AAS). Analyte, complexing agent and working pH were Se(IV), Sudan-II and pH 4.0, respectively. In order to analyze the nature of the chemical interaction between Se(IV) ion and Sudan-II ligand, experimental results were supported with computational chemistry tools calculating quantum chemical descriptors like frontier orbital energies, hardness, softness, electronegativity, electrophilicity, nucleophilicity, transferred electron from the ligand to ion, electron donating power, electron accepting power, complexation energy, molecule-ion interaction energy. In addition, the alcohol-DES-VA-HLLME method was earned a good detection limit of 3.5 ng L−1 and a wide calibration curve in the concentration range of 12–300 ng L−1 (r: 0.9981). The validity of the method was evaluated by analyzing the two standard reference material (SRMs). The recoveries and relative standard deviations for 25 and 100 ng L−1 of Se(IV) (N:5) were in the range of 1.2–2.5% and 92.1–103.7% respectively, which proved acceptable. The analytical results showed that the proposed method had important features such as cheapness, green, quick extraction and reuse, which made it attractive for the determination and efficient extraction of total selenium in the food samples.

Sequential determination and chemical speciation analysis of inorganic As and Sb in airborne particulate matter collected in outdoor and indoor environments using slurry sampling and detection by HG AAS.

In this work, fast sequential determination and chemical speciation analysis of inorganic arsenic and antimony in airborne particulate matter collected in outdoor and indoor environments using slurry sampling and detection by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS) is proposed. A Doehlert design was applied to optimise the hydride generation conditions of As and Sb for fast sequential determination in the same aliquot of particulate matter samples after preparation of the slurry. The limits of quantification (LoQ) obtained for As and Sb were 0.3 and 0.9 ng m-3, respectively. The accuracy of the analytical method was confirmed by analysis of the certified reference material of urban particulate matter (SRM NIST 1648a), presenting concordance with certified values of 92.7±7.7% for As and 91.2±9.5% for Sb. Precision was expressed as relative standard deviation (% RSD, n=3), with our results presenting values better than 3.4% and 4.2% for total inorganic As and Sb, respectively. For all analysed samples, total As concentrations and its inorganic species were below the LoQ of the analytical method (<0.3 ng m-3). However, the averages of total inorganic Sb concentrations in airborne particulate matter, collected as total suspended outdoor particles (TSPoutdoor), inhalable particulate matter (PM10), and total suspended indoor particles (TSPindoor), were 3.1±0.5, 2.4±0.6, and 2.6±0.4 ng m-3, respectively. Trivalent Sb (Sb3+) was the predominant inorganic species in all samples investigated, with mean percentages of 76%, 72%, and 73% in TSPoutdoor, PM10, and TSPindoor, respectively. The presence of Sb and its predominant inorganic form (Sb3+) can be attributed to vehicular traffic close to the sampled urban areas. Therefore, fast sequential determination of As and Sb and their inorganic species in particulate matter samples prepared as slurry by FS-HG-AAS is an efficient, accurate, and precise method and can be successfully applied to routine analysis.

Optimization of Analytical Strategy for Determination of Total Antimony in Fish Muscle Tissue using Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Background: Antimony is a metaloide that offers human health risks. Then, the determination of this chemical element in food samples is always opportune. This paper proposes a method for determination of total antimony in fish muscle tissue using hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG AAS). Keywords: Antimony, fish muscle, HG AAS, experimental design, todos os santos bay, atomic absorption spectrometry, organic species.

Correlation between the natural levels of selenium and soil physicochemical characteristics from the Jequitinhonha Valley (MG), Brazil

Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient of great interest due to the narrow range between its essential and toxic levels. This study was carried out to evaluate the correlations between Se concentrations and soil physicochemical characteristics (sand, silt, clay, organic matter, pH and oxides of Al, Fe and Si) from preserved areas in the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Total Se was determined in A and B horizons of 12 classes of soils by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG AAS) after aqua regia digestion in a microwave oven. Se concentrations in soils ranged from <0.30±0.03 to 5.97±0.20mgkg−1 with the highest concentration reported in Spodosol, followed by the weathered soils (Red and Red-Yellow Latosols). No significant differences in Se concentration were observed between A and B horizons, except for Spodosol. The statistical analysis by Pearson's correlation, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed that Se concentration correlated significantly and positively with Al2O3 (r=0.76), Fe2O3 (r=0.57) and clay (r=0.64) and negatively with SiO2 (r=−0.76) and sand (r=−0.54). There was no significant correlation with organic matter, pH and silt. Significant Se concentration was verified in weathered soils (Red and Red-Yellow Latosols), which are widely distributed throughout Brazil, and they are often used in agriculture. This study also provides useful data for the preparation of maps of Se distribution.

Fractionation of inorganic arsenic by adjusting hydrogen ion concentration

The inorganic fraction of arsenic species, iAs=∑[As(III)+As(V)] present in fish samples can be quantified in the presence of other arsenic species also found in fishes, such as: monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and arsenobetaine (AsB). The toxic arsenic fraction was selected taking into account the dissociation constants of these arsenic species in different hydrogen ions concentration leading to the arsine formation from iAs compounds detected as As(III) by HG AAS. For thus, a microwave assisted extraction was carried out using HCl 1molL−1 in order to maintain the integrity of the arsenic species in this mild extraction media. Recovery experiments were done for iAs fraction, in the presence of other arsenic species. The recovery values obtained for iAs fraction added were quantitative about 87–107% (for N=3, RSD⩽3%). The limit of detection (LOD), and the limit of quantification (LOQ), were 5μgkg−1 and 16μgkg−1 respectively.

A simple sample preparation procedure for the fast screening of selenium species in soil samples using alkaline extraction and hydride-generation graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

This work proposes a simple procedure for the determination of selenium species in soil samples using an ultrasound-assisted alkaline extraction and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG AAS), which is known to be specific for the determination of Se(IV) only. The hydride was trapped and atomized in a graphite tube furnace (GF) coated with iridium as a permanent chemical modifier. The limits of detection and quantification for the developed method were 6μgL−1 and 20μgL−1 Se(IV), respectively, with a linear range between 20 and 100μgL−1, and a linear coefficient of R=0.999. The total Se content in the samples was determined in the alkaline extract using high-resolution continuum source GF AAS (HR-CS GF AAS), and the content of Se(VI) was determined by difference between the total Se and the content of Se(IV). The extraction efficiency was verified by comparing the results obtained by the alkaline extraction and by direct solid sample analysis using HR-CS GF AAS. The accuracy of the method for total Se determination was ascertained using microwave-assisted acid digestion as well as direct solid sample analysis by HR-CS GF AAS of the certified reference materials MURST-ISS-A1 (Antartic marine sediment) and BCR 142R (light sandy soil), and soil samples from different regions of Brazil.

Chemical vapor generation by coupling high-pressure liquid flow injection to high-resolution continuum source hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry for determination of arsenic

A coupled system for the online detection of total arsenic is presented consisting of a flow injection system (high pressure liquid (HPL) pump, injection loop of 250μL) and high-resolution continuum source hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-HG-AAS).The system enables the continuous detection of volatile arsenic compounds and is adaptable for a wide range of elements.The analytical method was applied for the determination of total arsenic content in human urine. The limit of detection (LOD) with 0.09μg/L (peak height) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) with 0.37μg/L are comparable to standard methods.In this work, possibilities of arsenic determination with FI–HR-CS–HG–AAS have been explored. The online-coupling of a flow injection system with HR-CS–HG–AAS as an element-specific detector is a novel method for the detection and quantitative determination of arsenic and was reported for the first time in this paper.

On-line solid phase extraction of bismuth by FI–HG–AAS using l-proline immobilised on carbon nanotubes combined with factorial design

This study explores further the analytical capabilities of functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes with l-proline (pro-MWCNTs) for the reliable preconcentration and determination of Bi(III) in waters using an on-line flow injection hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (FI–HG–AAS) system. To avoid carbon nanoparticles aggregation, the preconcentration was carried out on a microcolumn filled with functionalised pro-MWCNTs and a low molecular weight polyethylene. The optimisation was performed by employing a full factorial design. The factors related to the optimisation process were the concentration of eluent and pH of the sample. The best performance was achieved packing the substrate in a microcolumn of 2.3mm (i.d)×25mm (pro-MWCNTs net length: 10mm), the pH was 7.0 and the concentration of the eluent (HCl) was 10% (v/v). Under optimal conditions, the adsorption capacity of the substrate was found to be 0.1mgg−1 reaching a preconcentration factor (PF) of 160. A detection limit (3σ) of 0.7ngL−1 was achieved, when using only 3.0mg of substrate. Interferences affecting Bi(III) signal were carefully studied. Precision, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) turned to be 1.5% at the 0.1μgL−1 level (n=10). Accuracy test for the entire analytical procedure was performed by means of the Standard Reference Material (SRM) NIST 1643e (trace elements in water) and results were in good agreement with the certified values. The system was evaluated for quantitative determination of Bi(III) in different categories of waters.

Noteworthy Method for Direct Determination of SbIIIand Total Inorganic Antimony in Natural Waters

A procedure was developed for the direct determination of SbIII and total inorganic Sb in water samples by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG AAS), without pre-reduction of SbV. The NaBH4 concentration was maintained at 0.4% (m/v) to perform the selective generation of stibine from SbIII and online stibine generation was carried out with 5.0% (m/v) NaBH4 to obtain the total antimony concentration. SbV was calculated as the difference between the values obtained for total Sb and SbIII. In both cases, the procedure did not appear to be adversely affected by potential interferents such as SbV, AsIII, AsV, CaII, NaI, chloride and phosphate at a concentration of 0.5 mg L-1. For the proposed procedure, the detection limits were 0.2 µg L-1 for SbIII and 0.3 µg L-1 for total Sb, while the relative standard deviations were 0.1% for 10.0 µg L-1 SbIII and 0.4% for 10.0 µg L-1 total Sb. A sampling rate of approximately 30 determinations perhour was achieved, requiring 300 mL of NaBH4, and the amount of waste generated was in order of 960 mL, indicating that this analytical procedure can be considered as green. The method was shown to be satisfactory for the determination of trace levels of antimony in water samples. The result obtained for the assaying of certified drinking water samples was 9.7 ± 0.1 µg L-1 (certified value 10.0 ± 0.5 µg L-1).

Speciation analysis of inorganic antimony in sediment samples from São Paulo Estuary, Bahia State, Brazil.

This paper proposes an extraction procedure for the speciation analysis of inorganic antimony in sediment samples using slurry sampling and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. The optimization step of extraction of the species was performed employing a full two-level factorial design (2(3)) and a Box-Behnken matrix where the studied factors in both experiments were: extraction temperature, ultrasonic radiation time, and hydrochloric acid concentration. Using the optimized conditions, antimony species can be extracted in closed system using a 6.0M hydrochloric acid solution at temperature of 70°C and an ultrasonic radiation time of 20min. The determination of antimony is performed in presence of 2.0M hydrochloric acid solution using HG AAS by external calibration technique with limits of detection and quantification of 5.6 and 19.0ngL(-1) and a precision expressed as relative standard deviation of 5.6% for an antimony solution with concentration of 6.0μgL(-1). The accuracy of the method was confirmed by analysis of two certified reference materials of sediments. For a sample mass of sediment of 0.20g, the limits of detection and quantification obtained were 0.70 and 2.34ngg(-1), respectively. During speciation analysis, antimony(III) is determined in presence of citrate, while total antimony is quantified after reduction of antimony(V) to antimony(III) using potassium iodide and ascorbic acid. The method was applied for analysis of six sediment samples collected in São Paulo Estuary (Bahia State, Brazil). The antimony contents obtained varied from 45.3 to 89.1ngg(-1) for total antimony and of 17.7 to 31.4ngg(-1) for antimony(III). These values are agreeing with other data reported by the literature for this element in uncontaminated sediment samples.

Cathodic stripping voltammetric determination of arsenic in sugarcane brandy at a modified carbon nanotube paste electrode

We have developed an eletroanalytical method that employs Cu2+ solutions to determine arsenic in sugarcane brandy using an electrode consisting of carbon paste modified with carbon nanotubes (CNTPE) and polymeric resins. We used linear sweep (LSV) and differential-pulse (DPV) voltammetry with cathodic stripping for CNTPE containing mineral oil or silicone as binder. The analytical curves were linear from 30 to 110μgL−1 and from 10 to 110μgL−1 for LSV and DPV, respectively. The limits of detection (L.O.D.) and quantification (L.O.Q.) of CNTPE were 10.3 and 34.5μgL−1 for mineral oil and 3.4 and 11.2μgL−1 for silicone. We applied this method to determine arsenic in five commercial sugarcane brandy samples. The results agreed well with those obtained by hydride generation combined with atomic absorption spectrometry (HG AAS).

Notes on selenium in mushrooms data determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP–AES) and hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy (HG–AAS) techniques

This manuscript discusses the credibility of the selenium in mushroom data generated using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP–AES) compared to that from hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy (HG–AAS). Selenium (Se) was determined by two methods: one was the widely applied and well validated hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy (HG–AAS) that was a reference method, while the validity of using the ICP–AES was tested. We found that Se determination in fungal and plant materials by ICP–AES gives inaccurate and imprecise results. Hence, reports of rather high concentrations of Se determined by ICP–AES for mushrooms that do not accumulate Se or that have not emerged at selenoferous areas should be treated with caution, because such data could be highly biased. Key words: Data validity, food, fungi, from hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy (HG-AAS), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), nutrition, selenium.

Determination of As and Hg in acetic acid extract by vapor generation coupled to atomic spectrometry for solid waste classification

Methods for the determination of As and Hg by vapor generation atomic spectrometry in acetic acid leachates are proposed. The waste classification involves several tests, including the toxicity evaluation by which the solid waste is leached with acetic acid solutions according to procedures specified by Norms as for example USEPA, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). Some elements, such as As and Hg, are determined in the leachate, and if the concentration is higher than the limits of the Norms the waste is classified as hazardous. In this study, two wastes, a retorted shale and a catalyst from hydrothermal treatment, were submitted to the procedures. The reagents concentrations used to generate arsine for further determination by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG AAS) were optimized: HCl (5% v/v), KI (3% m/v) and NaBH4 (1.0% m/v containing 0.1% m/v NaOH). The previous addition of KI to reduce As(V) to As(III) was necessary to obtain accurate results. Mercury was determined by two techniques, cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV AAS), using NaBH4 as reducing agent, and cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (CV AFS), using SnCl2 as reducing agent. The reagents concentrations were also optimized, for AAS: HCl (0.5% v/v), KMnO4 (0.25% m/v), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.02% m/v) and NaBH4 (0.5% m/v containing 0.1% m/v NaOH); and for AFS: HCl (2% v/v), KMnO4 (0.04% m/v), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.02% m/v) and SnCl2 (3% m/v). Addition of KMnO4 was used for an efficient vapor generation in the presence of acetic acid. The detection limit (3s, n=10) for Hg using CV AFS was about two orders of magnitude lower than for CV AAS. All three proposed methods can be used for waste classification, considering that the limits of detection were in the order of ngL−1, much lower than the concentration limits of the Norm EPA, 5mgL−1 for As and 0.2mgL−1 for Hg. Accuracy for As was demonstrated by comparison with the results obtained by ICP-MS, and for Hg it was demonstrated by the recovery test. The results by CV AAS were below the detection limit. The analytes concentrations in the acetic acid leachates from both residues were below the concentration limits of the Norms, demonstrating that they are non-dangerous concerning As and Hg.

Environmental impact of flood: The study of arsenic speciation in exchangeable fraction of flood deposits of Warta river (Poland) in determination of “finger prints” of the pollutants origin and the ways of the migration

The paper presents the application of the hyphenated technique – high-performance liquid chromatography with atomic absorption spectrometry detection with hydride generation (HPLC–HG–AAS) – in the determinations of inorganic forms of arsenic: As(III) and As(V) in the exchangeable fraction of flood deposits. The separation of analytical signals of the determined arsenic forms was obtained using an ion-exchange column in a chromatographic system with the atomic absorption spectrometer as a detector, at the determination limits of 5ngg−1 for As(III) and 10ngg−1 for As(V). Flood deposits were collected after big flood event in valley of the Warta river which took place in summer 2010. Samples of overbank deposits were taken in Poznań agglomeration and vicinity (NW Poland). The results of determinations of arsenic forms in the exchangeable fraction of flood deposits allowed indication of a hypothetical path of deposits migration transported by a river during flood and environmental threats posed by their deposition by flood.

Correlation Between Arsenic Concentration in Fish and Human Scalp Hair of People Living in Arsenic-Contaminated and Noncontaminated Areas of Pakistan

The effects of arsenic (As) toxicity due to frequent consumption of arsenic-contaminated fish was estimated by the analysis of scalp hair of adult males, living near arsenic-contaminated area of Pakistan. For comparison purposes, scalp hair samples were also collected from the inhabitants of Hyderabad city consuming fish species with low levels of As, collected from Indus River. Concentration of As in scalp hair samples was analyzed by using hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG AAS), after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The accuracy of the As measurement was tested simultaneously analyzing certified reference material. The concentration of As in muscle tissues of fish species were found in the range of 2.11 to 14.1μg/g and 1.92 to 12.2μg/g, collected from arsenic-contaminated and noncontaminated areas, respectively. Exposed subjects had significantly elevated levels of As in scalp hair samples (0.72-4.94μg/g) as compared with referent subjects (0.21-1.484μg/g; p < 0.01). The As levels in scalp hair was positively correlated with As levels in fish.

Elemental content and nutritional study of blood orange juice

AbstractBACKGROUND: The elemental content of Sicilian red orange juices and the bioaccessibility of many elements of particular nutritional interest was evaluated.RESULTS: The elemental content of fresh juices from Sicilian blood oranges was analysed by ICP–OES, GF AAS, HG–AAS and CV AAS. Among the macroelements (Na, Ca, K, Mg and P), potassium occurred in the greatest amount, with 3.64% of the requested RDA for 100 mL of juice daily intake. The values of RDA 100 mL−1 of juice for Mg, P, Ca and Na resulted 1.61%, 1.26%, 0.59% and 0.09% respectively. For the trace elements Cr, Cu and Se, the RDA 100 mL−1 of juice were 9.20%, 7.14% and 1.82%, respectively.In vitro tests simulating the digestive process showed high bioaccessibility only for boron and manganese while that of copper, zinc and iron were consistently lower.CONCLUSIONS: Sicilian blood orange juices gave different results from non‐pigmented orange juices in terms of a higher content of copper, boron and lower content of chromium and manganese. However, among the nutritionally important elements, only manganese showed high bioaccessibility. The low bioaccessibility found for iron, zinc and copper is likely due to the presence in the orange juice of ligands such as polyphenols and organic acids. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry

Hazardous impact of arsenic on tissues of same fish species collected from two ecosystem

The purpose of this paper is to develop a database of fish tissues and to evaluate concentration of arsenic (As) in five tissues of fish species collected from Manchar Lake Pakistan and to compare concentration of As in fish tissues of same fish species collected from the Indus River, Pakistan. A sensitive and precise, hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG AAS) method is presented for the determination of total Arsenic (As). Microwave acid-assisted digestion (MAD) procedure based on the mixture HNO 3/H 2O 2 was evaluated. The method was successfully validated against CRM DORM-2 (dogfish muscle). Quantitative As recovery in CRM (DORM-2) was obtained and no statistical differences were found at 95% level by applying the t-test. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ), for As were established as 0.022 and 0.063 μg g −1, respectively. The results of this study indicated that As concentration in fish tissues from the Indus River are generally lower than in tissues of fishes from Manchar Lake. Arsenic concentrations in fish tissues of Indus River are although above the respective human health-based concentrations.