Hexane Solution Research Articles

Reactivity of Strontium Hydride Supported by the Superbulky Hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate Ligand.

Hydrogenolysis of [(TpAd,iPr)Sr{CH(SiMe3)2}] (1) (TpAd,iPr = hydrotris(3-adamantyl-5-isopropyl-pyrazolyl)borate) in hexane solution under 20 atm of H2 allowed for the isolation of strontium hydride [(TpAd,iPr)Sr(μ-H)]2 (2) in good yield. Complex 2 exhibits the dimeric nature in solid state, featuring two different bond modes between the Sr center and TpAd,iPr ligand. Treatment of complex 2 with PhC(H)═NtBu or PhCH2Bpin (Bpin = pinacolateborane) afforded the strontium amide complex [(TpAd,iPr)Sr{N(CH2Ph)(tBu)}] (4) and hydroborate complex [(TpAd,iPr)Sr{μ-HBpin(CH2Ph)}] (5), respectively. Reactions of complex 2 with 2-picoline, 2-phenylquinoline, or 2-phenylpyridine led to the formation of strontium 2-pyridylmethylene/2-picoline complex [(TpAd,iPr)Sr(2-CH2-Py)(2-picoline)] (6), reductively coupling diphenyl-biquinolide complex [{(TpAd,iPr)Sr}2(2,2'-Ph2-4,4'-dihydro-4,4'-biquinolide)] (7), and diphenyl-bipyridyl radical complex [(TpAd,iPr)Sr(6,6'-Ph2-2,2'-bipyridyl)] (8), separately. All of the complexes have been well characterized, including NMR spectrum and single-crystal X-ray analysis.

Blocking of Gas–Liquid Coalescing Filters with Accumulated Oil during the On–Off Operation of a Filtration System

The study aims to eliminate the effect of coalescing filter blocking due to on–off operation by changing the wetting properties of the non-woven fiberglass filter media through their chemical modification with the use of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) solution in hexane and a few commercial products that give the surface oleophobic properties. The best results—high separation efficiency, no redispersion of droplets at the outlet, and low flow resistance—were obtained for materials coated by immersion in a 0.2% PDMS solution, for which a reduction in oleophilicity was found, but the material was not oleophobic and still moderately wetted with the test liquid. The corresponding static contact angle with the VG-46 rotary compressor oil measured on the flat borosilicate glass wafer made of the same material as the fiberglass media was equal to 54° for the PDMS dip-coated surface. Moreover, the good stability of the applied polymer on the material surface was confirmed by the SEM imaging, the FTIR analysis, and maintaining a high performance in multiple tests run for a single coalescing element.

Advancing paper microfluidics: A strategic approach for rapid fabrication of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) enabling in-vitro sensing of creatinine

Paper-based microfluidic sensors for point-of-care applications represent an exceptional strategy for facilitating rapid sensing within clinical settings. Despite their considerable promise, the ongoing research objective lies in efficiently printing hydrophobic microfluidic channels (µPADs) onto hydrophilic paper while minimizing expenditure. This research paper introduces an advanced, economic, and efficient method for the rapid fabrication of µPADs on paper substrates, enabling immediate colorimetric detection of creatinine in artificial urine using Jaffe’s reagent. The process involves a modified DIY RepRap 3D printer with an integrated technical drawing pen filled with the solution of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and hexane. This solution creates hydrophobic domain barriers on a flexible nylon-based paper substrate, effectively confining the aqueous medium within the microfluidic channels. We report visual detection of a broad spectrum of creatinine concentrations ranging from 5 mg/dL to 450 mg/dL through the vibrant Janovsky complex appearance on the microfluidic domains. The study identifies the limiting concentration on µPADs as 500 mg/dL. The innovative procedure demonstrates exceptional selectivity, exhibiting a maximum interference of only 0.97 % from potentially interfering substances. This rapid, naked-eye detection of creatinine on nylon 6,6 membranes offers a user-friendly and economical approach, enhancing the capabilities of colorimetric visualization in point-of-care applications.

Chemical Prelithiated 3D Lithiophilic/-Phobic Interlayer Enables Long-Term Li Plating/Stripping.

The up-to-date lifespan of zero-excess lithium (Li) metal batteries is limited to a few dozen cycles due to irreversible Li-ion loss caused by interfacial reactions during cycling. Herein, a chemical prelithiated composite interlayer, made of lithiophilic silver (Ag) and lithiophobic copper (Cu) in a 3D porous carbon fiber matrix, is applied on a planar Cu current collector to regulate Li plating and stripping and prevent undesired reactions. The Li-rich surface coating of lithium oxide (Li2O), lithium carboxylate (RCO2Li), lithium carbonates (ROCO2Li), and lithium hydride (LiH) is formed by soaking and directly heating the interlayer in n-butyllithium hexane solution. Although only a thin coating of ∼10 nm is created, it effectively regulates the ionic and electronic conductivity of the interlayer via these surface compounds and reduces defect sites by reactions of n-butyllithium with heteroatoms in the carbon fibers during formation. The spontaneously formed lithiophilic-lithiophobic gradient across individual carbon fiber provides homogeneous Li-ion deposition, preventing concentrated Li deposition. The porous structure of the composite interlayer eliminates the built-in stress upon Li deposition, and the anisotropically distributed carbon fibers enable uniform charge compensation. These features synergistically minimize the side reactions and compensate for Li-ion loss while cycling. The prepared zero-excess Li metal batteries could be cycled 300 times at 1.17 C with negligible capacity fading.

Obtaining a biodegradable biocatalyst – study on lipase immobilization on spent coffee grounds as potential carriers

Coffee waste can be reused as matrices for enzyme immobilization, as it contains various organic compounds able to adsorb catalytic proteins. In this study, spent coffee grounds were used as a support in the immobilization process in their native form and after being pretreated with hexane, ethanol, and sulphuric acid solution, respectively. Microbial lipases from Aspergillus oryzae, Thermomyces lanuginosus, and Rhizomucor miehei were adsorbed on the carrier, and as a reference, the abovementioned lipases were also immobilized on a synthetic matrix - Lewatit VP OC 1600. The research investigated the impact of the purification step on the immobilization process and the full characteristics of the obtained biocatalysts. The hydrolytic and synthetic activities of the immobilized enzyme preparations were tested, as well as substrate specificity, recovery, and temperature and pH activity profiles. SEM and FTIR analyses were also performed. The results showed that the chemical composition of coffee waste influenced the activity of the obtained biocatalysts, and the lack of hemicellulose caused a reduction in lipolytic activity. The study reveals that spent coffee grounds can be a potential support for enzyme immobilization, and lipases adsorbed on them have improved properties such as hydrolytic or synthetic activity, and stability in pH.

Novel Pour Point Depressants for Crude Oil Derived from Polyethylene Solution in Hexane and Coal Fly Ash

Oil transportation becomes much more complicated due to the solidification of paraffins in them at low temperatures and the resulting increase in oil viscosity. To solve this problem, special additives as pour point depressants (PPDs) are used to prevent the agglomeration of paraffin crystals. In this work, 15 PPDs were obtained and tested, consisting of a solution of polyethylene in hexane and also, in some cases, from magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) extracted from coal fly ash. The most effective result was observed with a mixture of 0.25% polyethylene in hexane and 2% MNPs, which managed to lower the oil’s pour point from 18 °C to −17 °C.

A Journey from Structured Emulsion Templates to Multifunctional Aerogels

AbstractInterfacial jamming and assembly, facilitated by nanoparticle surfactant (NPS) complexation, demonstrate a remarkable efficacy in stabilizing multiphase systems, evident in structured liquid streams and structured Pickering emulsions. However, the utilization of structured liquid templates to tune multiple porosity levels of ultra‐flyweight aerogels is barely discussed. In this study, a structured Pickering emulsion is prepared through mixing an aqueous dispersion of graphene oxide (GO) with an organic (hexane) solution containing an active ligand. The emulsion is jetted into the same organic phase, resulting in “dual jamming”. This process produced worm‐like aerogels with porosity that can be precisely tailored at four different levels: i) voids between filaments, ii) cavities produced by evaporation of trapped hexane droplets, iii) pores generated from sublimation of water in the bulk of GO emulsion, and iv) microscopic regions trapped between GO flakes or fractures/holes within GO nanosheets. These aerogels exhibit ultra‐low density (1.67–2.3 mg cm−3), high compressibility, and shape recovery. The multi‐scale porosity, created by structural design, endows aerogels with a record‐level fluid sorption capacity (e.g., 615 g g−1 for chloroform). Additionally, the aerogels demonstrate an absorption‐dominant electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding mechanism, achieving a remarkable specific EMI shielding (SSE/t) of 67 178 dB cm2 g−1.

Radiolytic degradation of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) in some organic solvents by gamma rays: The kinetic properties of complete dechlorination of TCB and its pathway

This study investigates the degradation of TCB in methanol, ethanol, hexane, and benzene solutions using gamma radiolysis. Kinetic properties of TCB dechlorination and its pathway are examined, with TCB selected as a representative chlorinated organic compound. Chromatograms of irradiated samples and mass spectra of liquid-phase products are presented. The change in concentration of TCB, dichlorobenzenes (DCB), chlorobenzene (MCB), and benzene with absorbed doses are observed. The radiation-chemical yield (G values) of TCB in the solvents are calculated as 1.83, 2.56, 1.93, and 1.84 100eV−1 in methanol, ethanol, hexane, and benzene solutions, respectively. 100 % degradation of TCB by gamma irradiation is found to be efficient in polar solvents but leads to a wide variety of byproducts in low polar solvents, particularly the formation of polychlorinated biphenyls in TCB + benzene solutions, making benzene an incompatible medium. The main dechlorination pathway of TCB involves the formation of 1,4-DCB, MCB, and benzene.Environmental Implication.The gamma irradiation of chlorinated organic compounds, focusing on TCB as a model compound, was investigated due to its status as a hazardous material for the environment and living organisms. TCB is a byproduct of the dechlorination of certain chlorinated pesticides listed under the Stockholm Convention's Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) list, which prohibits their production and use. Gamma irradiation was found to be an effective method for the degradation of chlorinated compounds, achieving 100 % degradation during irradiation. The study underscores the potential of gamma irradiation as a viable approach for the treatment of chlorinated compounds, particularly in addressing environmental and health concerns associated with TCB and related compounds.

Characterization of Silica Nanoparticles from Pumice as an Aerogel Adsorbent

Pumice is often found around the banks of rivers, this stone is a type of igneous rock formed from volcanic eruptions. One of the compounds contained in pumice is silica. Therefore, the synthesis of silica nanoparticles from pumice using the sol gel method was used because it is simpler and more efficient in terms of cost and processing time. the initial step was by reacting pumice powder and NaOH at 70°C - 80°C then synthesized by adding 2M HCI to form a gel or white precipitate, soaking in ethanol, teos, hexane solutions was then synthesized to become an aerogel. Silica synthesis results into silica aerogels were characterized by FTIR and XRF. From FTIR silanol and siloxane functional groups were found, and the SiO2 composition increased to 93,299% after synthesis.

A novel fullerene composite material for directional oil control and antioxidant.

There are very few cosmetic ingredients that can target oil control and extend the wear time. Fullerenes have been reported to have excellent antioxidant capacity and a variety of biological activities, such as quenching free radicals, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and promoting lipid flocculation. The purpose of applying foundation makeup on the face is to make the skin color even, but the secretion and oxidation of skin oil will make the makeup mottled and dull. In order to solve this problem, a fullerene composite material that can directionally absorb oil and resist oil oxidation has been developed. Fullerenes and hydroxyapatite composite was prepared by high pressure homogenization under alkaline condition. The indicated morphology and structure were characterized by SEM, UV-Vis, Raman, and XRD. The oil absorption capacity was determined by adding the C60-hydroxyapatite composite to a mixed solution of hexane and oil, shaking for 1 h, filtering, analyzed by GC-MS, and calculating the oil absorption by external standard method. Artificial sebum was prepared by adding different mass of water and oleic acid to screen the optimum ratio. C60-hydroxyapatite mixture and C60-hydroxyapatite composite were added to the artificial sebum to test the oil-absorbing capacity of the materials. The hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of C60-hydroxyapatite composite containing different fullerene contents was measured by X-band ESR spectroscopy, and the long-term radical scavenging ability of the composites was tested in comparison with VC. Antioxidant experiment is adding C60-hydroxyapatite composite material, and hydroxyapatite to oleic acid, then the UV light irradiation is aimed to accelerate the oxidation of oleic acid. Oleic acid act as a control group, and make the detection of oleic acid peroxide value after 7 days. The safety of the materials was tested by using culture media to soak the C60-hydroxyapatite composite for 24 h and then used to culture cells. The characterization of SEM, UV-Vis, Raman, and XRD showed that fullerene clusters were dispersed on the surface of hydroxyapatite stably, and they formed a stable composite. The adsorption rates of C60-hydroxyapatite composites for oleic acid, phenyl trimethicone, caprylic capric glyceride, isooctyl palmitate, mineral oil, olive oil, and dimethicone were 60.5%, 9.3%, 9.15%, 5.24%, 2.94%, 1.01%, and 0%, respectively. The flocculation amount of artificial sebum was 5.9 g per gram of C60-hydroxyapatite mixture and 24.2 g per gram of C60-hydroxyapatite composite. C60-hydroxyapatite composites have excellent quenching ability for hydroxyl radicals. When the fullerene content is 1, 2, 3, and 4 mg/kg, the quenching rates are 25.02%, 39.57%, 49.75%, and 62.24%, respectively. The quenching effect was enhanced with the increase of fullerene content, and it had strong long-term antioxidant properties. It can also be proved that C60-hydroxyapatite composites have strong antioxidant capacity through antioxidant experiments. The peroxide value of oleic acid on Day 0 was 2.8, and after 7 days of UV irradiation, the peroxide values of blank control, hydroxyapatite group, C60-hydroxyapatite composite containing 0.5% and 1% fullerenes four groups of materials were 8.02 meq O2/kg, 7.98 meq O2/kg, 7.11 meq O2/kg, and 6.87 meq O2/kg, respectively. The cell activity was 20.94% and 99.2% after the cells were cultured for 24 h using C60-hydroxyapatite composite and hydroxyapatite extracts, respectively, and the addition of fullerene was able to significantly increase the cell activity. Fullerene hydroxyapatite complex has excellent directional oil absorption characteristics, which can effectively remove free radicals and reduce skin oil oxidation.

High-load Mg2Ni nanoparticle-carbon nanofiber composites for hydrogen storage.

Herein, a simple synthesis method for Mg2Ni composites with carbon nanofibers capable of hydrogen storage is presented. Specifically, n-butyl-sec-butyl-magnesium solution in hexane (C8H18Mg, 0.7 M) and bis-cyclopentadienyl nickel(II) (nickelocene or NiCp2) were used as precursors for the Mg2Ni nanoparticles. Subsequently, the nanoparticles were composited with carbon nanofibers (CNF) with high loading of Mg2Ni of 50 wt%, 75 wt%, 90 wt%, and 100 wt%. The physicochemical characterization of the materials indicated that the size of the as-prepared Mg2Ni nanoparticles was less than 5 nm and they were highly agglomerated due to a carbon-based binder. The best hydrogen storage values were determined to be 2.6-2.7 wt%. Among the tested materials, the composite with 75 wt% of Mg2Ni in CNF presented the best hydrogen uptake. The pressure-composition-temperature curves indicated changes in the hydriding equilibrium pressures of the Mg2Ni nanoparticles compared to the material with a similar composition produced using ball-milling and thermodynamic calculations. Thus, the results presented herein indicate the beneficial effect of nanosizing on hydriding reactions.

Prosaposin is a novel coenzyme Q10-binding protein.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is essential for mitochondrial ATP production and functions as an important antioxidant in every biomembrane and lipoprotein. Due to its hydrophobicity, a binding and transfer protein for CoQ10 is plausible, and we previously described saposin B as a CoQ10-binding and transfer protein. Here, we report that prosaposin, the precursor of saposin B, also binds CoQ10. As prosaposin is both a secretory protein and integral membrane protein, it is ubiquitous in the body. Prosaposin was isolated from human seminal plasma, and CoQ10 was extracted from hexane solution into the water phase. It was additionally found that immunoprecipitates of mouse brain cytosol generated using two different anti-prosaposin antibodies contained coenzyme Q9. Furthermore, mouse liver cytosol and mouse kidney cytosol also contained prosaposin-coenzyme Q9 complex. These results suggest that prosaposin binds CoQ10 in human cells and body fluids. The significance and role of the Psap-CoQ10 complex in vivo is also discussed.

Exploring the potential of GO-based composite hydrogels and their swelling property for controlled drug delivery

Swelling studies are essential for hydrogels with potential applications in biomedical areas, as the materials will be exposed to biological fluids. This study obtained composite hydrogels by physically cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with GO. CMC is known to be non-toxic, non-allergenic, and possesses good biodegradability. To produce GO, a ‘greener’ modified Hummers’ method was first employed by removing the use of sodium nitrate in the oxidation process to avoid the generation of toxic NOx gases. Iron (III) chloride was then used as a cross-linker in composite preparation. The responses of GO-CMC hydrogel networks to various solvents and temperatures were studied by measuring their swelling property. The solvents included water, salt solution, ethanol, hexane, and phosphate buffer solutions with various pH (pH 2.1, 5.0, and 7.4). The effect of temperature on swelling was studied at temperatures of 25, 35, and 45oC. Results showed that the presence of GO within CMC matrixes altered the structures and properties whilst enhancing the swelling property compared to its native CMC hydrogel, at studied temperatures. It was also observed that the swelling property of GO-CMC composite hydrogels depended significantly on the pH of the environment, a great attribute for drug carriers with pH-sensitive behavior..

Spot Overtaking of Dyes of Their Chromatographic Development Associated with Solvent Evaporation.

Infiltration of binary solution of hexane and ethanol into chromatography paper associated with their evaporation was found to generate unexpected initial rapid advancement of wicking front followed by its receding and readvancing in our previous research. In the present study, paper chromatography development of hydrophobic dye, Sudan III, and hydrophilic dye, Acid Blue 9, was carried out using binary solutions of hexane and ethanol in open environment, allowing the developing solvent been evaporated. Sudan III was developed with initial rapid advancing wicking front, while Acid Blue 9 was scarcely developed. On the other hand, Acid Blue 9 was developed with the readvancing second wicking front, while the spot of Sudan III scarcely migrated. Thus, the unexpected illusional phenomenon, overtaking the spot of Sudan III by the spot of Acid Blue 9, was observed. The readvancement of the second wicking front was found to be enhanced as increasing the relative humidity in the environment. Surface temperature of the chromatography paper was measured during the chromatographic development in open environment to show that it became lower than the dew point when the experiments were carried out in relatively high humidity. Solubility of Sudan III in a binary solution of ethanol and water remarkably decreased as increasing the content of water. It was thus suggested that the water vapor condensation to induce water mixing into the mobile phase to decrease the solubility of Sudan III to inhibit its chromatographic development to realize the illusional spot overtaking of dyes of their chromatographic development associated with solvent evaporation.

Deciphering the role of Andrographis paniculata in pharmaceutical field and chromatographic evaluation of Andrographis paniculata in the solution of methanol and hexane through HPTLC

This article explores the medicinal potential of Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh) in Ayurveda, focusing on its hepato protective and anti febrile properties. The paper emphasizes the importance of herbal medicines in primary health care due to their availability, compatibility, and affordability. Additionally, it discusses the rich herbal medicinal wealth in India and the historical significance of Ayurveda. The study delves into the pharmacological actions of Andrographis paniculata including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, anti-viral, and immune stimulating pro-perties. The main objective is chromate-graphic evaluation using High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) to analyze the chemical composition of Andrographis paniculata. The HPTLC method is detailed, which is used in qualitative analysis of Andrographis paniculata. The article concludes with the qualitative analysis of Andrographis paniculata, comparing chromatograms in different solvents and wavelengths. Methanol is identified as the superior solvent providing a clearer chromatogram. Chemical constitution analysis reveals the number of visible chemicals at different wavelengths, offering insights into the herb's composition. The study provides valuable information for pharmaceutical quality control and the analysis of medicinal plant.

Dielectric relaxation in solutions chlorobenzene–benzene and chlorobenzene–hexane

This paper presents the results of a study of the dielectric constant of solutions of a polar liquid in a nonpolar solvent: chlorobenzene–benzene, chlorobenzene–hexane. The measurements were carried out at a wavelength [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm in the temperature range from [Formula: see text]C to [Formula: see text]C. The studies were carried out using the dielectric spectroscopy method. This method allows a more detailed study of the dielectric properties of the objects of study due to the large equilibrium (“static”) dielectric constant of the object. The temperature dependence of the dielectric relaxation time of molecules in the liquid and solid states of the studied solutions is determined. It has been established that with increasing concentration (0.300, 0.562, 0.794, 1.000 for a chlorobenzene–hexane solution and 0.179, 0.368, 0.567, 0.778, 1.000 for a chlorobenzene–benzene solution) of the halogen substituent, the relaxation time increases. The measurement results of dielectric constant [Formula: see text] and absorption coefficient [Formula: see text] obtained for concentrated solutions chlorobenzene–benzene, chlorobenzene–n–hexane at wavelengths [Formula: see text], 80 and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]cm at temperature [Formula: see text]C are given in the paper. The static dielectric constant is obtained at a frequency of 1[Formula: see text]MHz. The obtained experimental values [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of investigated systems in ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) plane locate on the semi-circle the center of which is on [Formula: see text] axis. In this case, the high-frequency limit value of [Formula: see text] dielectric coefficient exceeds the corresponding n2 refraction index square. The macroscopic and molecular relaxation times are calculated on the base of experimental data. The thermodynamic quantities characterizing the process of dielectric relaxation are calculated for solutions of chlorobenzene–benzene, chlorobenzene–hexane. It has been determined that the height of the potential barrier separating the two equilibrium positions of a polar molecule is greatest in the state of a pure polar liquid and decreases with dilution in a nonpolar solvent.

Crystals of 4,7-Di-2-thienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole and Its Derivative with Terminal Trimethylsilyl Substituents: Synthesis, Growth, Structure, and Optical-Fluorescent Properties

Among short donor–acceptor molecules with a central benzothiadiazole fragment, 4,7-di-2-thienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (T-BTD) is one of the most well-known compounds, valued for its photophysical and semiconductor properties. We have synthesized a derivative of 4,7-di-2-thienyl-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole with trimethylsilyl end-substituents, 4,7-bis(5-(trimethylsilyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzothiadiazole (TMS-T-BTD). The phase transition parameters and thermal stability of T-BTD and TMS-T-BTD were investigated using DSC and TGA methods. The presence of the trimethylsilyl end-groups in TMS-T-BTD significantly enhances solubility, increases the melting temperature, and improves the resistance of TMS-T-BTD to evaporation in the liquid state. Single crystals of T-BTD and TMS-T-BTD were grown from solutions, with the largest sizes being 7 × 2 × 0.5 mm3 and 8 × 1 × 0.45 mm3, respectively. Using single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 293 K, the crystal structure of T-BTD was refined in the rhombic system (sp.gr. Pcab, Z = 8), while for TMS-T-BTD, it was determined for the first time in the monoclinic system (sp.gr. P21/c, Z = 4). The relationship between observed growth anisotropy and molecular packing in the crystals was analyzed. The results of investigations into the spectral-fluorescent properties of solutions in hexane and THF are presented. The solvatochromic effect was studied in a series of solvents, including hexane, THF, dichloromethane, and acetonitrile. The photostability of the compounds in hexane solutions was examined. It was found that the quantum yield of photodestruction for T-BTD is 13 times higher than that of TMS-T-BTD. The fluorescent properties of T-BTD and TMS-T-BTD crystals were investigated.

Ultrafast turn-on/turn-off fluorescent detection of hazardous metals and highly efficient iodine capture using Zn(II) coordination polymers

In this work, Zn-based coordination polymers (CPs) [Zn(dpe)Cl2]n (HT-5) and [Zn(tmdp)Cl2]n (HT-6) have been synthesized solvothermally using 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)ethylene (dpe), and 4,4′- trimethylenedipyridyl (tmdp) as linkers. HT-5 and HT-6 were characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR, PXRD, SEM, EDS, and crystallographic studies. The HT-5 and HT-6 adsorbents have been employed for removing toxic iodine from a hexane solution with a capacity of 182 mg g−1, while 129 mg g−1 in the vapor phase for HT-5 within 48 h. The presence of π-electron-rich moieties in the HT-5 and HT-6 frameworks was responsible for effective iodine adsorption. Furthermore, HT-5 and HT-6 are not only utilized to capture iodine, they may be used as sensitive sensors that emit fluorescence. The fluorescence “turn-off” response for Mn7+ and Cr6+ ions and a fluorescence “turn-on” response in the case of Hg2+ ions are observed for the CPs. Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) of HT-5 is 1.4 µM, 1.1 µM, and 1.3 nM for Mn7+, Cr6+, and Hg2+, respectively. As a result, the developed Zn based CPs can serve as an efficient material for iodine capture as well as fluorescent sensor for detection of hazardous metal ions.

Synthesis of phenothiazine-based porous organic polymer and its application to iodine adsorption

At present, porous organic polymer materials (POPs) have become a popular topic in the research of iodine adsorption materials. Herein, we report an electron-rich porous organic polymer (PTZ-TPC-MA), obtained by Schiff base polycondensation reaction between melamine(MA) and aldehyde monomer with high yield and simplicity. It structures was characterized through FT-IR, 13C CP/MAS NMR and other material analysis measurements. The PTZ-TPC-MA material, being abundant in N and S heteroatoms, the adsorption capacity for iodine vapor, reaching up to 198.1 wt%,and it demonstrates removal rate of 79.8% for iodine from hexane solution. In addition, the recyclability tests have also confirmed its excellent reusability. The material showed better iodine capture capacity for gaseous iodine and iodine in solution. Thus PTZ-TPC-MA material thus emerges as an optimal absorber for iodine capture, offering an effective strategy to solve environmental problems.

Characterization of Silica Nanoparticles from Pumice as an Aerogel Adsorbent

Pumice is often found around the banks of rivers, this stone is a type of igneous rock formed from volcanic eruptions. One of the compounds contained in pumice is silica. Therefore, the synthesis of silica nanoparticles from pumice using the sol gel method was used because it is simpler and more efficient in terms of cost and processing time. the initial step was by reacting pumice powder and NaOH at 70°C - 80°C then synthesized by adding 2M HCI to form a gel or white precipitate, soaking in ethanol, teos, hexane solutions was then synthesized to become an aerogel. Silica synthesis results into silica aerogels were characterized by FTIR and XRF. From FTIR silanol and siloxane functional groups were found, and the SiO2 composition increased to 93,299% after synthesis.